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Статті в журналах з теми "Developing countries"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Jeníček, V. "Developing countries – trends, differentiation." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 4 (May 4, 2011): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2010-agricecon.

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Анотація:

Socio-economic backwardness is usually defined by common characteristics or classification. The differences between the DMEs and DCs in the case of resources (prevalence of DCs) and in the case of outputs and performance (prevalence of DMEs) is evident. The difference in the economic level and the level of living between the DCs and DMEs had deepened during the last three decades, however, it has to be pointed out again, that this difference is increasing still more slowly what can be a presage of an approaching turn (in the sense of the possible beginning of a slow decrease of this gap). While the per capita GDP indicator is regarded as one of the most important indicators of the economic level, the HDI can be regarded as the most important indicator of the given country population level of living and as such, it is hitherto rather underestimated. Similarly, the CPM indicator (as the measure of poverty), which is a composed indicator, has a higher testifying ability than a simple income level per capita in USD defined as the poverty level. It is obvious, that economic development is impossible without social development, and vice versa. Generally, the gap between the more developed developing countries, measured through the world income distribution, is then still widening. As a positive phenomenon, there can be, however, regarded the fact that deepening of this gap occurs at a lower rate. Through a more detailed analysis by the individual indicators, the most valuable from which are the indicators composed from several partial indicators (for example HDI, CPM), a certain tendencies towards the gradual improvement of the socio-economic situation in developing countries as a whole – but with the relevant differences in the individual regions of the world – can be discerned. In general, close ties have been proven between the economic growth and the growth of the population level of living, their mutual influencing and the main elements from which they are composed.

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2

Jeníček, V. "International debts of developing countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 2 (February 24, 2011): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/120/2010-agricecon.

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The problem of international debts is, by its character, one of the most complex problems which the world economy is now facing. It complicates both the global balance of payments and the financial – credit system stability, with pronounced negative impacts on the currency stabilisation. It hinders the development of international economic co-operation and its higher forms – international economic integration. It is one of the reasons that the symmetrical forms of interdependence are pushed off and displaced by the asymmetrical ones. The global debts problem deteriorates, namely during the last time in interaction with the negative manifestations of the global problems (for example, at present very strongly with the environmental problems), the complex international co-operation climate.

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3

Mintzberg, Henry. "Developing leaders? developing countries?" Development in Practice 16, no. 1 (February 2006): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614520500450727.

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4

Chaturvedi, Mahesh C. "Developing Countries." Water International 25, no. 1 (March 2000): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686796.

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5

Sonnenfeld, David A. "Developing countries." Environmental Politics 9, no. 1 (March 2000): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644010008414518.

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6

Frijns, Jos, Phung Thuy Phuong, and Arthur P. J. Mol. "Developing countries." Environmental Politics 9, no. 1 (March 2000): 257–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644010008414519.

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7

Abril, Eduardo R. "Developing countries." Industry and Higher Education 3, no. 3 (September 1989): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042228900300313.

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This paper from Argentina discusses the importance of universities in providing well trained people capable of helping developing countries to progress and analyses types of link between government, industry and education which respect the different objectives of each and at the same time serve the common purpose of progress.

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8

Ostensen, Harald. "Developing countries." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 26 (May 2000): S159—S161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00194-0.

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9

Paramita, Nadia, and Raldi Hendrotoro Seputro Koestoer. "Fecal Sludge Management in Developing Countries: Developing Countries Comparison." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 18, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v18i3.504-510.

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Several factors that influence the achievement of the sustainability of an MSS management system are identified. This study aims to determine what aspects of sustainability affect a system's municipal wastewater sludge management to run appropriately using conventional technology. The method used in this research is a comparative approach. The study compares urban domestic wastewater focusing on fecal sludge management (FSM) in Egypt and Indonesia. It is known that the sustainability factor of wastewater management systems includes economic, social, environmental, and technological factors. In Indonesia, institutional, which is also included in the social aspect, becomes the most significant limitation to implement the appropriate FSM. The best technology chosen for Egypt is anaerobic digestion, while in Indonesia, the right technology chosen is sludge drying bed (SDB) and also the combination of solid separation chamber (SSC) with draining area (DA). From an economic point of view, the 2 sub-factors that influence the sustainability system are investment cost and operation and maintenance cost. Regarding socio-culture, the awareness and participation of the community and the private sector needs to be increased to achieve the sustainability of sludge management services in both countries

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10

Paramita, Nadia, and Raldi Hendrotoro Seputro Koestoer. "Fecal Sludge Management in Developing Countries: Developing Countries Comparison." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 18, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v18i3.564-570.

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Анотація:

Several factors that influence the achievement of the sustainability of an MSS management system are identified. This study aims to determine what aspects of sustainability affect a system's municipal wastewater sludge management to run appropriately using conventional technology. The method used in this research is a comparative approach. The study compares urban domestic wastewater focusing on fecal sludge management (FSM) in Egypt and Indonesia. It is known that the sustainability factor of wastewater management systems includes economic, social, environmental, and technological factors. In Indonesia, institutional, which is also included in the social aspect, becomes the most significant limitation to implement the appropriate FSM. The best technology chosen for Egypt is anaerobic digestion, while in Indonesia, the right technology chosen is sludge drying bed (SDB) and also the combination of solid separation chamber (SSC) with draining area (DA). From an economic point of view, the 2 sub-factors that influence the sustainability system are investment cost and operation and maintenance cost. Regarding socio-culture, the awareness and participation of the community and the private sector needs to be increased to achieve the sustainability of sludge management services in both countries

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11

Kish, Leslie. "Developing Samplers for Developing Countries." International Statistical Review / Revue Internationale de Statistique 64, no. 2 (August 1996): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1403734.

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12

Chin, Gilbert. "Developing curricula for developing countries." Science 357, no. 6346 (July 6, 2017): 43.1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.357.6346.43-a.

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13

Weihua Chen and M. Akay. "Developing EMRs in Developing Countries." IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/titb.2010.2091509.

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14

Ridley, David B., Henry G. Grabowski, and Jeffrey L. Moe. "Developing Drugs For Developing Countries." Health Affairs 25, no. 2 (March 2006): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.25.2.313.

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15

Lavagnolo, Maria Cristina. "DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CORNER." Detritus 1 (2018): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2018.25.

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16

Lavagnolo, Maria Cristina. "DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CORNER." Detritus Volume 05 - March 2019 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2019.13796.

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17

Rybczynski, Tadeusz. "Developing countries' debt." Round Table 76, no. 302 (April 1987): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538708453803.

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18

Ahsan, Diya Abdul Hussain. "The External Debt Problem of Developing Countries." Business Inform 10, no. 513 (2020): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-36-49.

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Анотація:

The article is aimed at researching the problem of external debt of developing countries. The current status of external debt of developing countries is analyzed. The growing demand for investors, combined with the growing number of firms looking to take on large debts, has led to a deterioration in underwriting standards and the credit quality of such loans. The grounded relevance of the use of borrowing resources today is not necessarily a bad thing, even on the contrary – it is one of the most effective ways to stimulate the growth of the economy. When these resources are used targeted and efficiently, they generate more revenue for the borrower. But this gets worse when loans are used inefficiently, that is when they stimulate excessive consumption rather than bring in additional benefits. The author concluded that the reasons for the current fears began long before the crisis of 2008. A debt is not a bad instrument if it is used to finance investments that make a profit or create assets that are worth more than the debt itself. It’s hard to find such data, but if we trace the tendency of global growth and compare it to the tendency of debt accumulation, we’ll see that doesn’t happen. Therefore, it seems that the situation is out of control, i.e., debts continue to accumulate, excessive accumulation of loan portfolios increases, and low interest rates imply the survival of companies and countries. This leads to liquid risks with the expiration of the debt repayment period. Governments have been addicted to increased loans – none of the more developed economies could cope with a possible tightening of monetary policy. This means that when the time comes to severely lower the credit shoulder, economic growth will suffer. Central banks, in turn, find themselves trapped because maintaining such loose monetary policy and a high credit shoulder poses a risk of forming the price bubbles. It is determined that while rates remain at current low levels, investors will be looking for a bigger return, which means taking more risk – this, in turn, could trigger the «butterfly effect», causing destruction to the entire financial system.

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19

Jabine, Thomas B. "[Developing Samplers for Developing Countries]: Discussion." International Statistical Review / Revue Internationale de Statistique 64, no. 2 (August 1996): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1403735.

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20

Verma, Vijay. "[Developing Samplers for Developing Countries]: Discussion." International Statistical Review / Revue Internationale de Statistique 64, no. 2 (August 1996): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1403736.

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21

Hodges, Andrew M. "Developing Plastic Surgery in Developing Countries." Annals of Plastic Surgery 67, no. 6 (December 2011): 571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e318218f04b.

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22

TOMITA, Tetsuo. "204 Intellectual Properties in Developing Countries and in Venture Developing Countries." Proceedings of the Tecnology and Society Conference 2000 (2000): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetsd.2000.51.

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23

Meteb. M, Alotaibi Mohamed. "The Official Development Aids to Developing Countries with Reference to the Arab Countries." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/mar2013/30.

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24

Agyemang, Nana Kwadwo, and Antonette Afrah Sakyi. "The impact of Currency Depreciation in Developing Countries." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 480–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201025.

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25

Mathias Kalema, Billy, and Motau Mokgadi. "Developing countries organizations’ readiness for Big Data analytics." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(1-1).2017.13.

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Regardless of the nature, size, or business sector, organizations are now collecting burgeoning various volumes of data in different formats. As much as voluminous data are necessary for organizations to draw good insights needed for making informed decisions, traditional architectures and existing infrastructures are limited in delivering fast analytical processing needed for these Big Data. For success organizations need to apply technologies and methods that could empower them to cost effectively analyze these Big Data. However, many organizations in developing countries are constrained with limited access to technology, finances, infrastructure and skilled manpower. Yet, for productive use of these technologies and methods needed for Big Data analytics, both the organizations and their workforce need to be prepared. The major objective for this study was to investigate developing countries organizations’ readiness for Big Data analytics. Data for the study were collected from a public sector in South Africa and analyzed quantitatively. Results indicated that scalability, ICT infrastructure, top management support, organization size, financial resources, culture, employees’ e-skills, organization’s customers’ and vendors are significant factors for organizations’ readiness for Big Data analytics. Likewise strategies, security and competitive pressure were found not to be significant. This study contributes to the scanty literature of Big Data analytics by providing empirical evidence of the factors that need attention when organizations are preparing for Big Data analytics.

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26

Foo, Yong Seong, Lee Chin, Kong San Chen, and Piratdin Allayarov. "The determinants of international reserves in developing countries." Terra Economicus 21, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2023-21-3-133-142.

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27

Shah, Faheem Sajjad. "Water Management and Environmental Issues in Developing Countries." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 11, no. 4 (August 30, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8999.

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Water is vital to both ecosystems and human cultures. Because of numerous worldwide developments, human activities' influence on land and water has grown more obvious. These are examples of climate change, urbanization, socioeconomic development, and population increase. While it is often assumed that ensuring water security is the cornerstone of sustainable development, research into its evolution and numerous environmental elements is still in its early phases. The purpose of this research is to offer an overview of the topic. This notion attempts to give clean water to all people. It attempts to provide healthy and productive lifestyles in addition to providing enough resources to everyone on the planet. Despite technical developments in the water resource management business, the lax attitude to resolving the numerous difficulties related to water security remains a serious concern internationally. This study will examine the many components of a water authentication scheme and its evolution in emerging nations as a result of environmental changes. It also looks at the many sustainable solutions that may be employed to address these issues.

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28

Irfan, Mohamad, Sulaeman Rahman, Yudi Azis, and Sunu Widianto. "Defense industry business performance model in developing countries." Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, no. 2 (April 10, 2023): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(2).2023.20.

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The defense industry is vital to supporting a country’s defense, especially in the modern era. While many emerging and developing countries are capable of producing military goods and services domestically, they remain dependent on foreign inputs to varying degrees. Yet, several studies have examined factors that can affect the self-reliance of the defense industries in developing countries. Therefore, the present study aims to examine factors that can explain business performance variation of defense industries in developing countries. It investigates further the business model innovation mediation for the first two factors of business performance. Data have been collected from 70 defense industrial companies in Indonesia. The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling method is used to analyze the impact of high-performance work systems, technological innovation, and business model innovation on the business performance of industrial companies. The results show a significant effect of implementing High-Performance Work Systems and Technological Innovation through Business Model Innovation on Business Performance (accounted for R2 = 0.67). The research findings are expected to encourage defense industries in developing countries to focus on implementing human resource practices and adopting new or improved technologies and research results at all levels of management following business model adjustments.

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29

Buchanan, Neil. "Practical pediatric pharmacology in developing countries countries." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 53, no. 1 (January 1986): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02787069.

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30

Galal, Noha M., and Ahmed F. Abdul Moneim. "Developing Sustainable Supply Chains in Developing Countries." Procedia CIRP 48 (2016): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.156.

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31

Thapa, Suman Shumshere, Indira Paudyal, Pratibha Lama Joshi, Kalpana Singh, and Anil Parajuli. "Glaucoma in Developing Countries." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v13i1.35606.

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Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The diagnosis and management of glaucoma is especially difficult in the developing countries. Lack of cost effective screening strategies, low income, low rates of literacy and inadequate infrastructures and human resources for eye care services are the obstacles for delivering glaucoma service. Majority of people with glaucoma in developing countries usually present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis; which negatively affects their quality of life. Further research, proper allocation of resources and collaborative effort by blindness prevention programs will hopefully provide new evidences on cost effective ways to screen and manage glaucoma in the future. This article aims to highlight the burden of glaucoma and ways to address the challenges in developing countries.

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32

Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., and David A. K. Watters. "Surgery in Developing Countries." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 1, no. 1 (January 2008): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped-08/01/108.

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33

Dissanayake, Lakshman. "Nanotechnology for developing countries." Ceylon Journal of Science 47, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v47i4.7546.

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34

Westacott, George, Alfred M. Jaeger, and Rabindra N. Kanungo. "Management in Developing Countries." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46, no. 2 (January 1993): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2524902.

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35

Wise, M. J., and David Hilling. "Transport and Developing Countries." Geographical Journal 163, no. 3 (November 1997): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059745.

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36

Yoshinaga-Itano, Christine. "Audiology in Developing Countries." International Journal of Audiology 51, no. 8 (July 16, 2012): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2012.688145.

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37

Reijonen, Kati. "Design and Developing Countries." Design Philosophy Papers 1, no. 6 (December 2003): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/144871303x13965299302992.

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38

Rand, Graham K., and N. K. Jaiswal. "O.R. for Developing Countries." Journal of the Operational Research Society 37, no. 9 (September 1986): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2582812.

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39

&NA;. "Immunisation in developing countries." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 965 (November 1994): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409650-00008.

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40

Saldaña, Napoleon Gonzalez, Belisario Gutiérrez Ortiz, José de Jesús Coria Lorenzo, Beatriz de León-Bojorge, and Cecilia Ridaura-Sanz. "AIDS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 15, no. 2 (May 1995): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8561(22)00847-5.

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41

Enda, O'Sullivan. "News feature developing countries." Nursing Standard 6, no. 45 (July 29, 1992): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.6.45.22.s41.

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42

WIGHTMAN, E. "BRIEFING. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES STUDY." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 92, no. 4 (November 1992): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/icien.1992.21494.

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43

Boffetta, P., and D. M. Parkin. "Cancer in developing countries." CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 44, no. 2 (March 1, 1994): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.44.2.81.

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44

Acs, Zoltan. "Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries." Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship 6, no. 1 (2010): 1–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0300000031.

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45

Brinkerhoff, Derick W., Alfred M. Jaeger, and Rabindra N. Kanungo. "Management in Developing Countries." Academy of Management Review 17, no. 2 (April 1992): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/258777.

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46

McNerney, Ruth. "Diagnostics for Developing Countries." Diagnostics 5, no. 2 (May 19, 2015): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5020200.

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47

McClure, Elizabeth M., Sarah Saleem, Imtiaz Jehan, Omrana Pasha, and Robert L. Goldenberg. "Stillbirths in developing countries." Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology 3, no. 5 (September 2008): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/17474108.3.5.657.

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48

Snelling, William J., Lihua Xiao, Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres, Colm J. Lowery, John E. Moore, Juluri R. Rao, Stephen Smyth, et al. "Cryptosporidiosis in developing countries." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 1, no. 03 (December 1, 2007): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.360.

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Globally, Cryptosporidium infection continues to be a significant health problem where it is recognized as an important cause of diarrhoea in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people. In developing countries persistent diarrhoea is the leading cause of death in children younger than five years of age, where it accounts for 30 to 50 percent of those deaths. Encouragingly an increasing number of investigations in developing countries employ molecular tools, significantly improving the quality of epidemiological information. This improved Cryptosporidium monitoring, with appropriate molecular methods, in surface water, livestock, wildlife and humans, will increase current knowledge of infection and transmission patterns, and ultimately help to control Cryptosporidium via improved risk assessments in the future.

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49

Ruiz Lopez del Prado, Gema, Cristina Hernán García, Lourdes Moreno Cea, Virginia Fernández Espinilla, Mari Fe Muñoz Moreno, Antonio Delgado Marquez, Maria José Polo Polo, and Irene Andrés García. "Malaria in developing countries." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 01 (January 15, 2014): 001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4610.

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Malaria still poses a real threat to travellers, particularly in areas with high transmission rates such as sub-Saharan Africa, Papua New Guinea, and the South Pacific islands. Malaria causes an estimated 660,000 deaths each year from 219 million cases of illness. It is a preventable and curable disease. Malaria symptoms appear after a period of seven days or longer, and without treatment, the disease can lead to death. Mosquito bite prevention is the main way to reduce malaria transmission. Chemoprophylaxis recommendations depend on travelers’ age, destination, type of travelling, or length of stay. Pregnant women, children, and immunosuppressed travelers are the most susceptible. There are currently no licensed vaccines against malaria. Results about a research vaccine candidate known as RTS,S/AS01 are expected in 2015.

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Tordoff, William. "Democracy in developing countries." International Affairs 64, no. 4 (1988): 724–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2626147.

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