Дисертації з теми "Developing Countrie"
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CIFERRI, DAVIDE. "Real exchange rate dynamics in developing countries: three empirical essays." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1404.
Повний текст джерелаThe research activities carried out to prepare this thesis are mainly based on the study of the real exchange rate dynamics in developing countries. Although several studies in this empirical literature focus on the developed countries, only few studies investigate the sources of real exchange rate movements in developing countries. Thus, in this research I analyze the main sources of disturbances in two groups of countries: transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America countries. The thesis consists of three articles. In the first Chapter, I study the sources of real exchange rate fluctuations for a sample of transition countries and, in particular, I use permanent-transitory decomposition with the aim to measure the influence real and nominal disturbances to real exchange rates and to compute the shock synchronization between each transition country and the Euro Area. The second Chapter focuses on macroeconomic interdependencies between the Euro area and three selected transition economies (the Baltic countries). I develop a modified version of Generalized Purchasing Power Parity theory to study the degree of real exchange rate convergence in these countries and then to establish whether they are ready to adopt the Euro. Finally, in the third Chapter, I propose an theoretical and empirical framework in order to analyze whether fiscal disturbances have a role in explaining real exchange rate fluctuations in Latin American countries.
Bua, G. "THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL POLICIES ON BORROWING AND DEBT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/259794.
Повний текст джерелаAlmamari, Awadh. "On the competition between multinational enterprises within developing countries : developing country MNEs versus developed country MNEs." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/49757/.
Повний текст джерелаFERRARO, VALENTINA. "Cultural heritage management: from aesthetic to ethic: abandoning the contemplative function of cultural heritage towards audience engagement and community-based development." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/207760.
Повний текст джерелаElbeshlawy, Ahmed Farouk. "That dangerous carnival : the Third World and its relation to the west /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25943327.
Повний текст джерелаChattopadhyay, Pradip. "Three essays on development economics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7465.
Повний текст джерелаMcDermot, Eamon Henry. "Improving performance of infrastructure projects in developing countries: An Ecuadorian case study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208433/1/Eamon%20Henry_McDermot_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLehmann, Alexander. "Investment liberalization, country risks and US multinational companies in developing countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324305.
Повний текст джерелаMainali, Brijesh. "Renewable Energy Market for Rural Electrification in Developing Countries: Country Case Nepal." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33201.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20110502
Gadzikwa, Francis. "Remittances as an external source of finance for investments in developing countries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7664.
Повний текст джерелаLoubier, Christine. "Les technologies de l'information dans les pays en voie de développement : regard particulier sur l'électronique et le commerce." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33362.
Повний текст джерелаSirirangsi, Rangsima. "Population Policy Implementation and Evaluation in Less Industrialized Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279258/.
Повний текст джерелаBruce, Colin (Colin Ashley). "Contractual unenforceability, external debt renegociation and the effective incidence of the burden of debt service." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72816.
Повний текст джерелаNasa, Baseerit. "Investigating the debt-growth relationship for developing countries : a multi-country econometric analysis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4811.
Повний текст джерелаIheanacho, Vitalis Akujiobi. "Decentralization, Privatization, and Economic Development in Developing Countries : A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278068/.
Повний текст джерелаInyang, Ambrose. "A Cross-National Study of the Effects of Direct Foreign Investment on the Developmental Process of Developing Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501080/.
Повний текст джерелаvan, Vliet Lisette. "Debt-for-Nature Swaps : transnational environmental politics in a changing global political economy or NGOs, LDCs and IOUs." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128737.
Повний текст джерелаBrown, Chelsea Denise Booth John A. "The road to development is paved with good institutions the political and economic implications of financial markets /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6131.
Повний текст джерелаMugova, Terrence Tafadzwa. "Interdependence and business cycle transmission between South Africa and the USA, UK, Japan and Germany." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002680.
Повний текст джерелаPhan, Thu Anh. "Do Different Political Regime Types Use Foreign Aid Differently to Improve Human Development?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12182/.
Повний текст джерелаKalarickal, Jerry. "Urbanization in developing countries." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Повний текст джерелаBowazi, Kenneth Mtunduwatha. "Maintenance of university facilities in developing countries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008472.
Повний текст джерелаBakazi, Annet Baingana. "An investigation into the impact of the privatization of public utilities on the affordability of and access to basic services to poor households in developing countries: lessons for Rwanda." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаthe second is based on the viewpoint that private ownership is more efficient than public ownership
whilst the third claims that the losses of inefficient public enterprise are responsible for excessive budget deficits and other fiscal problems.
Although empirical evidence proves that privatisation enhances economic efficiency, it negatively affects the affordability of and access to essential services, which may have serous consequences for poorer households. This happens through increased prices of essential services, such as electricity and telecommunication, as well as through loss of employment opportunities during and after privatisation.
Many countries, also in Africa, implemented various types of privatisation programmes over the past two decades in order to decrease the relative size of governments and to improve efficient delivery of services. Towards the end the 1990&rsquo
s and after the tragic genocide, Rwanda&rsquo
s Government of National Unity also embarked on an ambitious restructuring programme of its state-owned enterprises.
The main purpose of this study was to assess the likely impact of privatisation on poor households in developing countries. The report presents a general overview of the literature, with a specific focus on Brazil, Argentina and South Africa. It investigates the experiences of these countries and derives lessons that can be learnt. Finally it assesses the possible impact of the privatisation of essential service delivery on poor households in Rwanda.
The main conclusion of the study is that governments should look beyond efficiency benefits of restructuring and focus on the overall opportunity cost of the privatisation of essential service delivery. The specific method of privatisation may determine the final social impact. The case studies also highlight the need for more research into the challenges facing the privatisation of essential service delivery. It is clear that any restructuring should be preceded by a thorough analysis of the likely impact on the poorer sections of the community.
Chekol, Abebe Abebayehu. "Granting intellectual property rights on life forms and processes: does it ensure food security? A developing country perspective." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаFokker, Cornelis Dirk. "Evaluating the automotive production development programme of the automotive component manufacturing industry: envisaged future interventions." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15215.
Повний текст джерелаMakitla, Mokone Ishmael. "A conceptual model of an access-technology-agnostic delivery mechanism for ICT4D services." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019756.
Повний текст джерелаSun, He, and 孙赫. "Differential pricing strategy in improving access to medicine in developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48425412.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
Chen, Cuiwei, and 陈翠薇. "Epidemiology and control of rabies in developing countries : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193765.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
Berger, Guy. "Social structure and rural economic development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007643.
Повний текст джерелаWesseling, Catharina. "Health effects from pesticide use in Costa Rica : an epidemiologic approach /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2697-2.
Повний текст джерелаRahman, Fazlur. "A model for injury surveillance at the local level in Bangladesh : implications for low-income countries /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4457-1/.
Повний текст джерелаReavis, Dena L. "Natural resources, investment, and growth in low income countries /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131590402.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаR, Maharajh, and Kraemer-Mbula E. "Innovation Strategies in Developing Countries." Tshwane University of Technology, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001623.
Повний текст джерелаKellett, Ken. "Bilateral aid in Canada's foreign policy : the human rights rhetoric-practice gap." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Political Science, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3298.
Повний текст джерелаvi, 141 leaves ; 29 cm
Abendanon, Lucille. "Debt relief for economics or debt relief for the people? : a critical analysis of the heavily indebted poor countries initiative." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53347.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIPC Initiative offers qualifying heavily indebted poor countries the opportunity to renege on their debt obligations in return for an emphatic commitment to poverty reduction and reform. This dissertation assesses the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative in light of the fact that one third of the world's population continues to live on an average of US$1 per day. In evaluating the HIPC Initiative one simple question is posed: taking into consideration the abject poverty experienced by over a billion people in the developing world, and the urgency with which it must be addressed, is the HIPC Initiative extensive enough, deep enough or broad enough to effectively challenge worldwide poverty? Using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the dissertation investigates this question by examining the divergent points of view offered by the World Bank and IMF on the one hand, and NGOs on the other as they comment on the most hotly debated issues surrounding the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative. The analysis leads us to an evaluation of the following issues: establishing debt sustainability to qualify for HIPC relief; the issue of conditionality and the use of poverty reduction strategy papers; funding the HIPC Initiative; the likelihood of HIPCs escaping the debt trap after HIPC relief; and finally, how the HIPC Initiative is contributing to attaining the Millennium Development Goals is evaluated. After probing the stances of the World Bank and IMF, and the contrasting views of NGOs the conclusions indicate that the HIPC Initiative is neither extensive, deep nor broad enough to effectively challenge poverty, or to provide indebted poor countries with a lasting escape from the burden of unsustainable debt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Inisiatief bied aan arm lande met 'n groot skuldlas, wat kwalifiseer vir hulp, die geleentheid om hul skuldverpligtings af te las in ruil vir 'n definitiewe verbintenis tot armoede-vermindering en -hervorming. Hierdie verhandeling evalueer die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief teen die agtergrond van die feit dat een derde van die wêreld se bevolking op 'n gemiddelde van een Amerikaanse Dollar per dag oorleef. Hierdie evaluering van die HIPC Inisiatief stel 'n eenvoudige vraag: Is die HIPC Inisiatief voldoende en uitgebreid genoeg om die uitdaging van wêreldwye armoede aan te spreek indien 'n mens die uiterste armoede van meer as 'n biljoen mense in ontwikkelende gebiede in ag neem, sowel as die dringendheid waarmee dit aangespreek moet word? Deur van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik te maak, ondersoek die verhandeling hierdie vraag deur uiteenlopende gesigspunte van die Wêreldbank en die Internasionale Monitêre Fonds (IMF) aan die een kant, en Nie- Regerings Orginisasies (NRO's) s'n aan die ander kant, te ondersoek aan die hand van hul kommentaar op die belangrikste kwessies oor die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief. Hierdie ontleding lei tot 'n evaluering van die volgende kwessies: bepaling van lande se potensiaal om met terugbetalings vol te hou ten einde vir hulp deur die HIPC te kwalifiseer; die kwessie van voorwaardelikheid en die gebruik van armoedeverligtingstrategieë; befondsing van die HIPC Inisiatief; die moontlikheid dat die HIPC's die skuldstrikke na toepassing van HIPC-bystand sal ontsnap; en laastens, hoe die HIPC Inisiatief se bydrae tot die bereiking van die Millenium Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte geëvalueer word. Die standpunte van die Wêreld Bank en die IMF sowel as die teengestelde sienings van die NRO's word ondersoek. Die gevolgtrekking toon dat dat die HIPC Insiatief nie uitgebreid, diep of breed genoeg is om armoede doeltreffend hok te slaan nie, of om skuldlastige arm lande te help om finaal van hul skuldlas te ontsnap nie.
Ullah, Rafi <1992>. "Health capital: Cross country investigation of economic development in South Asian Countries (Study of Developing countries Bangladesh, India and Pakistan)." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10512.
Повний текст джерелаKrasnogolov, Vitaliya O. "Inter Country Analysis of the Effects of Official Development Assistance in Developing Countries on Economic Growth." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1061416160.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Yichen, and Boxin Mu. "How technology spillovers from developed to developing countries influence labor productivity in developing countries." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21149.
Повний текст джерелаAbebe, Opeyemi Temitope. "Regional trade agreements and its impact on the multilateral trading system: eroding the preferences of developing countries?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаGillies, David 1952. "Between ethics and interests : human rights in the north-south relations of Canada, The Netherlands, and Norway." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41264.
Повний текст джерелаEach donor's search for moral opportunity is visible in an emerging agenda to promote human rights and democratic development. However, if the resolve to defend human rights beyond national borders is gauged by a state's willingness to incur harm to other important national interests, then Canada, the Netherlands, and Norway are seldom disposed to let human rights trump more self-serving national interests. The potential for consistent and principled human rights statecraft is frequently undermined by Realism's cost-benefit rationality.
Pienaar, Elizabeth Dorothea. "Information needs of health researchers in developing countries : A survey of development country participants in Cochrane collaboration." University of Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7359.
Повний текст джерелаOne hundred and fifty two (152) countries in the world can be classified as developing or low-resourced countries (LR Cs) according to the World Bank. 1 In the majority of these countries the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is below $1000. Given these limited resources it stands to reason that there is less money available to spend on healthcare and health research
Bourget, Bernard. "Country risk analysis : a survey of external debt service capacity indicators." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65534.
Повний текст джерелаTaji, Mona El. "Rural women, the environment and nonformal education in countries of the South." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26338.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough literature abounds with studies on women, education, and the environment, few studies attempt to link the three together within the framework of sustainable development. This information gap seems to have hindered development projects from implementing education programs targeting women and focusing on the environment.
This study seeks to fill this information gap. Based on rural women's holistic vision of development, it highlights the necessity of empowering women with a participatory, multifaceted, and integrated nonformal education, which targets gender equity as well as environmental protection and regeneration.
Dupuis, Raymond 1957. "Economic efficiency in agriculture : an intercountry analysis for the developing countries." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65369.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Hon-ho, and 黃漢浩. "Analytical models for the assessment of information technology on sustainable electrification." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122362X.
Повний текст джерелаPandit, Kavita K. "Temporal and spatial variation in sectoral labor allocation during development /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487332636477126.
Повний текст джерелаKhwela, Gcwelumusa Chrysostomus. "Challenges of arms transfers facing the emerging supplier states in the new international political economy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53324.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The fundamental motivation for emerging arms suppliers to produce arms was the desire to overcome their position of dependence in the system of arms production and transfers. However, their predicament as late entrants into the system castigated them to fail in this endeavour. This failure is based on three criteria, which also assist in the identification of emerging suppliers. Firstly, the weaponry they produce is far below the sophistication characterised by higher levels of technological advancement. Secondly, they can only produce one or two advanced weapon systems. Finally, they rely on the leading suppliers for certain sophisticated components of weapon systems which they cannot produce themselves and as a result, become so dependent that they, with an exception of a few, are unable to go beyond the simple reproduction or retrofitting of existing weapon systems. The capability to produce arms was restrictedly extended to certain states in the post-war era, and even those states that obtained such a capability were confmed to producing small arms and platforms for naval vessels. Those states that went beyond these capabilities did so with the assistance of other states or specialists, the initial intention being to meet domestic requirements, and ultimately to dispose surplus Second World War equipment in the re-transfer market. The emerging supplier states' intention to develop indigenous arms industries was driven by the political urge to reduce their reliance on the leading suppliers and to nationalise the arms production process for import substitution in order to meet domestic security needs. Since the emerging suppliers began the process of defence industrialisation from the importation of complete weapon systems to import substitution, and ultimately to the promotion of exports, they mainly relied on technology imported from the leading suppliers. On the one hand, the leading suppliers attempted to hinder the efforts of emerging suppliers to promote arms exports so as to protect their oligopolistic share of the arms market through tightening the controls and regulations on technological supplies. On the other, the emerging suppliers were impelled to promote their arms exports in order to overcome the saturation of their domestic markets, to utilise effectively their arms production capacities, and to positively affect their balance of payments through the procreation of foreign exchange returns. This study reached the following conclusions and inferences: 1. The arms trade has evolved to be characterised by the transfer of military technology, which did not feature in the arms transactions of the previous periods. 2. The gap between the leading and emerging suppliers is widening with regard to the sophistication of technological capabilities, and accordingly the stratification within the arms production and transfer system is sustainable and reinforced, thus making it hard for the lower tiers to progress beyond their current status. 3. The emerging suppliers' share of and contribution into the arms market is constricted, and as such they specialise in specific (often uncomplicated) weapon systems that constitute niches in the global market. 4. The unfolding arms production and transfer system is characterised by a fiercely competitive atmosphere, and consequently, only those states that can subsidise or integrate their efforts are enabled to sustain an advanced arms production faculty. 5. As the emerging suppliers begin to introduce more and more of their wares into the market, the costs of research and development begin to soar in the same manner as those of the leading suppliers, thus urging them to become more export-oriented. 6. Participants in the system will be compelled to relinquish their comparative technological superiority in order to survive, thus narrowing the gap between the capabilities possessed by both the leading and the emerging suppliers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderliggende motivering van opkomende wapenverskaffers om wapens te produseer word toegeskryf aan 'n behoefte om hulle relatiewe afhanklikheid in die stelsel van wapenproduksie en - handel te oorkom. Boonop het die laat toetrede tot die stelsel hierdie opkomende verskaffers se kanse tot sukses verder belemmer. Die rede vir die onsuksesvolle toetrede word gebasseer op drie kriteria (wat ook dien as identifiserende eienskappe van opkomende wapenverskaffers). Eerstens, die wapens wat opkomende verskaffers lewer skiet tekort aan die vereiste gesofistikeerde standaarde van die gevestigde wapenprodusente. Tweedens, hulle kan slegs een of twee gevorderde wapenstelsels produseer. Derdens, sekere komponente van wapenstelsels word verkry by die gevestigde verskaffers, wat lei tot afhanklikheid tot so 'n mate dat die opkomende verskaffer se vermoëns beperk word tot eenvoudige reprodusering of herinstallasies van bestaande stelsels. Trouens, in die post-oorlog tydperk is die vermoë om wapens te produseer doelbewus beperk tot sekere state wat 'n afgebakende reeks van handwapens en uitrusting vir vloot vaartuie kon vervaardig. State wat verby hierdie vermoë beweeg het, het dit gedoen met behulp van ander state of spesaliste, oorspronklik met die oog op die huishoudelike behoefte maar ook om ontslae te raak van surplusse uit die Tweede Wêreldoorlog. 'n Politieke begeerte om in hulle eie sekuriteitsbehoeftes te voorsien deur middel van invoersubstitusie, het die opkomende verskaffers genoop om ontslae te raak van die afhanklikheid op gevestigde verskaffers en om die wapenproduseringsproses te nasionaliseer. Hulle het hoofsaaklik gesteun op ingevoerde tegnologie om die verdedigingsbedryf te industrialiseer. Die proses het so verloop: volledige wapenstelsels is ingevoer, daarna het invoersubstitusie plaasgevind, en daarna 'n bevordering van uitvoere. Gevestigde verskaffers het endersyds probeer om (deur middel van strenger kontrole en regulasies of tegnologiese ware) die opkomende verskaffers te verhoed om hulle oligopolistiese houvas op die mark te belemmer en andersyds moes opkomende verskaffers noodgedwonge hulle uitvoere bevorder om te voorkom dat die plaaslike mark versadig word. Die laasgenoemde aspek het ook die betalingsbalans van opkomende verskaffers positief beinvloed as gevolg van die inkomste uit buitelandse valuta. Hierdie studie kom tot die volgende aanames en gevolgtrekkings: 1. Wapenhandel het só ontwikkel dat die oordrag van militêre tegnologie die hoofkenmerk geword het in die stelsel - 'n ongekende kenmerk tot dusver in die ontwikkelingsgang van internasionale wapenhandel. 2. Die gaping van tegnologiese vermoëns tussen opkomende en gevestigde wapenverskaffers word groter en daarmee saam word die stratifikasie in wapenproduksie en -lewering volhoubaar en versterk, wat lei tot 'n beperking op die vermoë van opkomende verskaffers om vooruitgang te maak. 3. Opkomende verskaffers se aandeel in en bydrae tot wapenmarkte bly beperk en spesialiseer daarom op spesifieke (meestalongekompliseerde) wapenstelsels wat gemik is op sekere nisse in die wêreldmark. 4. Die ontluikende wapenproduksie en -handelsisteem is uiters kompeterend, met die gevolg dat slegs state wat hulle pogings kan subsidieer of integreer in staat is om gevorderde fasiliteite te onderhou. 5. Met die toenemende aanbod vanaf opkomende verskaffers, styg die kostes van navorsing en ontwikkeling vir beide die opkomende en die gevestigde verskaffer wat weer beide dwing om hulle uitvoere te beklemtoon. 6. Deelnemers in die stelsel sal gedwing word om hulle vergelykende tegnologiese voorsprong prys te gee om te oorleef in die stelsel, waarna die gaping tussen die vermoëns van opkomende en gevestigde verskaffers verminder sal word.
Graf, Andreas. "Agricultural Insurance for Developing Countries." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02604684002/$FILE/02604684002.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYavuz, Ayse Arzu. "Labour markets in developing countries." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/89593.
Повний текст джерелаMastromarco, Camilla. "Measuring efficiency in developing countries." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5342/.
Повний текст джерела