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Статті в журналах з теми "Determinanti ecologici"
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Martindale, Colin, and Kathleen Moore. "Relationship of Musical Preference to Collative, Ecological, and Psychophysical Variables." Music Perception 6, no. 4 (1989): 431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285441.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two experiments were conducted in order to test predictions derived from Berlyne's theory of aesthetic preference. According to the theory, preference is an inverted-U function of arousal potential; the determinants of arousal potential are summed, with the consequence that an increase in the amount of one determinant leads to a decrease in the maximally preferred level of other determinants; and collative properties, such as dissonance, are the most important predictors of preference. The experiments supported none of these predictions. Preference tended to be related to its determinants by monotonic or U-shaped functions. The predicted trade-off among the determinants of preference was not clearly present. Semantic factors rather than collative properties were the most important determinants of preference. In Experiment 1, uncertainty was related to preference in an inverted-U manner, but it was shown that this may be an artifact of a U-shaped relationship between preference and melodic typicality. In Experiment 2, it was found that subject-rated meaningfulness is highly related to preference for melodies, whereas subjectively perceived complexity is essentially unrelated to preference. The results are explained in terms of a cognitive theory of aesthetic preference.
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Bundy, D. A. P., and G. F. Medley. "Immuno-epidemiology of human geohelminthiasis: ecological and immunological determinants of worm burden." Parasitology 104, S1 (June 1992): S105—S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYThe morbidity and transmission dynamics of geohelminthiases are determined by the patterns of infection intensity in the community. Understanding the determinants of these patterns requires a combination of field, laboratory and theoretical study. Studies of age-specific reinfection, and of the phenomenon of predisposition, indicate that the major determinant of convex age-intensity profiles and of heterogeneity in infection intensity is the rate of establishment of infection, rather than the rate of adult worm mortality. The rate of establishment is, in turn, determined by exposure to, and protection from, infection. The evidence indicates that exposure, at least to the orally-transmitted geohelminths, varies with age and is highly heterogeneous between hosts. The immune response in geohelminthiasis is vigorous, parasite-specific, hetero geneous between hosts, and both age and infection dose dependent, but has yet to be convincingly shown to be protective. Since the immune response is itself a function of exposure, unravelling the interaction between ecology and immunology as determinants of geohelminth worm burden will require simultaneous assessment of both processes via immuno epidemiological study.
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Vakili-Ardebili, Ali, and Abdel Halim Boussabaine. "Ecological Building Design Determinants." Architectural Engineering and Design Management 6, no. 2 (January 2010): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/aedm.2008.0096.
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Mykola, PASICHNYI. "DETERMINANTS OF ECOLOGICAL TAXATION." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 132, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2020(132)09.
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Reis, Janet, Linda Barbera-Stein, and Susan Bennett. "Ecological Determinants of Parenting." Family Relations 35, no. 4 (October 1986): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/584516.
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Zheng, Mingyue, Shenqiao Yang, Yanting Liu, Qian He, and Peng Hu. "A Model for Physical Activity Behavioural Change in Middle Aged and Older People with Type 2 Diabetes." E3S Web of Conferences 78 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197801010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: To identify key determinants of increased PA level among adults with T2DM to improve a hierarchical model, based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and Ecological Models. It hypothesises and clarifies how these determinants relate to physical activity which is important to evidencebased PA interventions in middle aged and older people with T2DM. Methods: Full transcript studies in English were searched in the following databases: CINAHL, Medline on OvidSP, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Included articles were selected by following these combined terms: type 2 diabetes, physical activity, exercise, physical inactivity, correlates, barriers, theory, self-efficacy, ecological models. And they (n=124) met the following criteria: 1) T2BD, aged 35 and over; 2) reporting determinants or factors 3) indicated physical activity or exercise as an outcome variable. Additional records identified via bibliographies (n=4), duplicates were removed (n=95), non-full-text articles (n=8) and no-English (n=2) were excluded. Finally, of the 21 articles retrieved from databases (9 of them are reviewed studies), only 12 original articles including qualitative and quantitative study were reviewed. Results: The determinants are divided into four classifications; physical, psychological, social and environmental factors, adapted combined SCT with Ecological Model of physical activity with T2MD in middle aged older adults. Self-efficacy is the core mediators with physical, environmental, and social factors, that fact is the core of SCT. Self-efficacy had an indirective negative influence by physical factors particular regions with physical barriers such as cold weather, low-density land use. Therefore, managing self-efficacy is proposed to effectively change for physical activity. It is hypothesised that improve social supports from family may help people with T2DM increase the physical activity level. Conclusion: Therefore, it is evident from the above that many factors of PA in middle aged and older people with T2DM exist. And self-efficacy is an important determinant with PA. There is a need to clarify whether these variables are determinants and the causality between these variables. Nonetheless, theory-basement approach to studying PA in this population is required based upon this study
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Hardinsyah, Hardinsyah. "REVIEW FAKTOR DETERMINAN KERAGAMAN KONSUMSI PANGAN." Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 2, no. 2 (July 14, 2007): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2007.2.2.55-74.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 12.6pt .0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">Index of food intake diversity or dietary diversity reflects the nutritional quality of the diet; and it is associated with nutritional health outcomes. Understanding factors determine index of dietary diversity is important for improving nutritional-health status of the people. However, no studies have been done to capture completely the determinant factors of dietary diversity. This journal article is intended to review the determinants factor of dietary diversity from studies done in both develop and developing countries at individual and household levels. The results show that four studies analyzed the food data at individual level and the other four studies analyzed the food data at household level; and most of the studies were done in USA. Method of dietary diversity measurement and its statistical analysis varies among the studies. A few dietary diversity studies have investigated particular determinant factors with attention given to assessing nutrition knowledge and socio-demographic factors; and the others on economic and ecological factors. The present review suggested that the determinant factors of dietary diversity are nutrition knowledge, food preference, household size and composition, food availability and ecological factors, time availability for food preparation, and food purchasing power e.g. income, food expenditure and food prices. Based on this review a comprehensive conceptual framework and model of the determinant factors of dietary diversity could be developed.</span></p>
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Weiss, Harold B. "Adolescent health and ecological determinants." Lancet 380, no. 9842 (August 2012): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61363-4.
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Zymaroieva, A. A. "Ecological determinants of soybean yield." Taurian Scientific Herald, no. 112 (2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2020.112.9.
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Wimpenny, Julian. "Ecological determinants of biofilm formation." Biofouling 10, no. 1-3 (September 1996): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927019609386270.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Determinanti ecologici"
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Centis, Barbara. "Spatial patterns and ecological determinants of the diatom communities in an alpine flow-regime river (Adige River, North-Eastern Italy). Implications for the ecological status' assessment." Doctoral thesis, country:IT, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/22910.
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My PhD work draws from a project called PlanAdige that has been funded by the Basin Authority of River Adige to the Foundation E. Mach of San Michele all’Adige in the early 2007 for a period of three years. The main objective of this project was the study of the watercourse following an integrated approach that would encompass both its physical, chemical and biological features aiming at assessing its ecological status.
I believe we are facing a particular moment in Ecological Sciences since we have to deal with “hot topics” such as climate change, water scarcity and resources depletion: meeting today’s environmental challenges requires gaining reliable knowledge about ecosystems in their deeper details (Schmitz, 2007). It is therefore vital to gather all the knowledge and the science that we know in order to cope with these big issues at our best: every little study or survey that has been made can give a contribution to tackle these concerns. For my PhD Internship I have focused my attention on diatoms and rivers, whose links have been widely used to assess watercourses’ general water quality.
Diatoms are very important aquatic organisms: some researchers have estimated that there are 10 million diatom species worldwide but only 11.000 have been identified up to date (Poulin & Williams, 1998) and that they account for 25% of the living matter (Werner, 1977). Because of their abundance in marine plankton, especially in nutrient-rich areas of the world’s oceans, diatoms probably account for as much as 20% of global photosynthetic fixation of carbon (ca. 20 Pg carbon fixed per year: Mann, 1999). Diatoms are essential links for energy transfer to upper tropic levels as they are a preferred high quality food source for primary consumers (Brett & Mullen-Navarra, 1997) and are the principal source of biologically induced carbon export from surface to deep waters, therefore playing a central role in nutrient cycling. Some studies have recently showed that it is expected that climate change will affect diatom abundance and community structure (Henson et al., 2010; Widdicombe et al., 2010) as well as increase the density gradient which in turn will suppress the upward flux of nutrients (Behrenfeld et al., 2006). It is expected that warmer climate will preferably favor small-sized diatom cells that show a high surface area to volume ratio (Winder et al., 2009) turning in cell size to be a powerful predictor of optimum dynamic performance (Reynolds et al., 2002).
In earlier times, ecological research on rivers focused on the descriptive research of biological communities in small streams (Minshall, 1988; Cummins et al., 1995). Research on large rivers was limited partly by tradition and partly by methodological problems, considering the large geographical scale of these ecosystems. Nowadays, it is clearer that river ecologists are developing a more integrated view of rivers: this reflects the need to increase the knowledge about these systems in all its components. As for diatoms, unfortunately, we yet do not have a full comprehension of the temporal factors shaping the diatom communities of a watercourse (Passy, 2007) also because only few studies have examined both physical and chemical parameters effects on the communities concurrently (Duncan & Blinn, 1989). Little is known about factors driving diatom species diversity and geographic distribution: studies focusing on the mechanisms generating species diversity are needed (Vanormelingen et al., 2008; Larned, 2010) since force fitting has severe consequences both on ecological and management sides (e.g. the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/CE requires ecological lumping of watercourses for ecoregions’ definition).
With these premises, the specific objectives of my PhD thesis, are:
1- Assessment of the main biotic and abiotic drivers affecting the composition and temporal dynamics of the diatom communities in the River Adige. In the view that the abiotic environment has probably set the main stage for evolutionary development of specific traits and associated life-history strategies in the ecosystem (Lytle & Poff, 2004) and that these factors drive a large proportion of the subsequent biotic interactions (Biggs et al., 2005), there is a need to clarify the direct measures of these driving forces together with the associated biotic response variables, at different scales. This ambitious objective rises from the scarcity of studies that look at multiple samples per sites over times and which relate results to contemporary management problems (Kelly, 2002). Benthic diatom communities have a spatial and temporal variation:it follows that we cannot conclude much from such studies (Kelly et al., 2009). In addition, most researches up to date have focused only on a limited component of the diatom community (e.g. the epilithon) almost completely neglecting the other ones (epipelon, epiphyton and epipsammon). In addition, only sporadic comparisons were made between benthic and planktonic algae in a same watercourse (Werner & Köhler, 2005).
2- Evaluation of diatom assemblage structures and its drivers at the light of biomonitoring techniques. The need to use diatom indices for water quality is universally claimed: given that diatom communities vary with abiotic and biotic factors, great potentials exist for refining our assessment of biological and pollution condition by accounting for natural variation. These refinements will turn out to be essential for increasing accuracy, precision and fairness of ecological assessments. Much has been said about this topic but there are still some uncertainties to be discussed: there are few studies which have properly addressed the small-scale (e.g. within-riffle scale) community variations in streams (Soininen, 2007) and even fewer that have studied impaired water courses, such as Adige River.
3- Provide a framework of knowledge on diatoms’ autoecology which is the first step to further deal with these organisms. Periphyton communities are solar-powered biogeochemical reactors, biogenic habitats, hydraulic roughness elements, early warning systems of environmental degradation and troves of biodiversity (Larned, 2010) and therefore it is essential to study the rules that govern their components, both individually and among taxa. There is a scarcity of such studies and this turns in consequently hampering of the prediction of changes in resource requirements and endangering of the tout-court application of diatom indices. Little is known about diatom ecology, biology and the factors driving diatom species diversity and geographic distribution (Mann, 1999; Chepurnov et al.,2004): especially in impacted environments and this could lead to ecological biases. For instance, in the case of Adige River which is highly influenced by discharge regimes (Centis et al., 2010), it is essential to know the impact of this variable on diatom communities . It has to be kept in mind that the relationship between diatom species composition and prevailing hydraulic conditions is one of the original research problems in periphyton ecology (Butcher, 1940; Patrick, 1948).
4- These results will be worked out also as contributions to the exploration of diatom index based on phytoplankton that could help figuring the potential of this community in water quality assessment. Even if this topic has been developed for lakes (Thunmark, 1945; Nygaard, 1949; Stockner, 1971; Catalan, 2003) little has been done for rivers, if we exclude the works by Mischke (Mischke, 2007; Mischke & Behrendt, 2006; Mischke & Behrendt, in prep.), and Borics et al. (2007).
Overall, the aim of this study is to give a contribution to the evolving legacy of stream ecology: at the past two meetings of the North American Benthological Society (Grand Rapids Michigan, 2009; Santa Fè, New Mexico, 2010) has emerged the need to push towards an holistic perspective that would consider global changes occurring in these riverine ecosystems. A number of conceptual models have been proposed to synthesize empirical information (to cite some: Ward et al., 2002; Benda et al., 2004; Thorp et al., 2006) and they are indeed very valuable in organizing what otherwise might be a collection of seemingly unique case studies. This is especially worthwhile since stream ecology is moving towards the disturbance issue (Stanley et al., 2010) and the multiple stressors perspective (Thorp, pers. comm.).
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Keeling, Jonathan Giles Matthew. "Ecological determinants of muntjac deer Muntiacus reevesi behaviour." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296650.
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Hunter, Chadden Piers. "Ecological determinants of gelada ranging patterns (Theropithecus gelada)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The foraging ecology of a band of gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) was studied in the field at Sankaber, Ethiopia, for 14 months. The field site is at high altitude (3300m) and experiences severe variation in climatic and vegetational conditions across distinct wet and dry seasons and between different microhabitats. Gelada live in a complex fission/fusion social system and occupy a unique environmental niche as the world's only graminivorous primate species. Research was directed towards examining the ecological parameters affecting the gelada's group-level behavioural ecology. The nature and distribution of gel ada food resources was found to be a more complex and influential selective force than previously acknowledged. Gelada ranging behaviour varied in relation to spatial and temporal variation in food availability and specific small scale weather patterns, but not in relation to the distribution of sleeping sites, refuges or water sources. Group size and day journey length covaried significantly between seasons and months and the strength of the correlation between the two variables was determined by levels of food availability. The rate at which the main gel ada study band underwent fission or fusion correlated to the degree in which food was patchily distributed but not direct levels of food availability. Distribution of food sources varied significantly between habitats as did levels of visibility. Gelada alarm and flight response rates were found to correlate more strongly to levels of visibility under 10 metres within each habitat than mean levels of visibility per se. Both males and females spent significantly more time feeding, (and feeding on subterranean food items specifically) in the dry season, resulting in a slightly higher mean daily calorific intake than in the wet season. It is suggested that the dry season does not represent a 'nutritional bottleneck' to the gel ada as previously thought, but does constitute a period of increased energy requirements due to seasonal variation in lactation and thermoregulation demands
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Pardanani, Neeta N. "Ecological determinants of lyme disease in an endemic community /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3160034.
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Mesch, Gustavo Sergio. "The political, ecological and organizational determinants of neighborhood action /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487846354485344.
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Menger, Juliana da Silva. "Fatores determinantes da distribuição de aves no interflúvio Purus-Madeira." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2010.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM
Studies addressing deterministic and stochastic processes that effect changes in species composition among sites (beta diversity) have focused, for the most part, on sessile organisms. These are highly susceptible to random dispersal processes, confirming neutral theory assumptions. At first glance, birds would appear to have high dispersal ability. However, in Amazonian forests most birds are extremely sedentary, with restricted distributions, often limited by large rivers. In this study, we evaluated the environmental effects (palm species composition) relative to geographical distances between sites, as factors related differences in forest bird species composition. We sampled 11 sites in upland forest, separated from one another by 60 km, covering a 670 km extension in the Purus-Madeira interfluve of Western Amazon, Brazil. Similarity in bird assemblage was significantly correlated with palm species composition. Understory and canopy birds assemblages showed similar correlation with palm species composition. When the effect of palm species composition was controlled, distance was not a good indicator of changes in the bird community. Our results suggest that, in this region and at this spatial scale, birds are not limited by geographical distance and can disperse throughout the region studied. Nevertheless, they are not uniformly distributed which can best be explained by environmental variation, represented here by palm species composition. Although our results indicate that geographic distance has no effect on changes in bird composition, we emphasize that studies on a larger spatial scale could help to understand dispersal limitation effects in tropical Amazonian forest bird composition.
Até o presente, estudos abordando fatores determinísticos e estocásticos que afetam mudanças na composição de espécies entre locais enfocaram, em geral, organismos sésseis. Esses organismos são especialmente suscetíveis a processos aleatórios de dispersão, corroborando premissas da teoria neutra. As aves, aparentemente, apresentam boa capacidade de dispersão. No entanto, em florestas amazônicas, muitas espécies de aves são extremamente sedentárias e apresentam distribuição restrita, tipicamente limitada por grandes rios. Neste estudo avaliamos a importância de efeitos ambientais, medidos pela composição de espécies de palmeiras, relativos aos efeitos da distância geográfica, como fatores geradores de diferenças na composição de aves amazônicas. Nós amostramos 11 localidades em uma floresta de terra firme, distantes aproximadamente 60 km entre si, cobrindo uma extensão de 670 km, no interflúvio Purus-Madeira, Amazônia brasileira. A similaridade das assembleias de aves foi significativamente correlacionada com a composição de palmeiras. Aves de sub-bosque e aves de dossel, analisadas separadamente, também apresentaram forte correlação com a composição de palmeiras. Com o efeito ambiental controlado, a distância geográfica não foi um bom indicador de mudanças na avifauna na área de estudo, não explicando a ocorrência de espécies de nenhum dos grupos de aves. Os resultados sugerem que, na escala espacial e na região deste estudo, as aves não são limitadas pela distância geográfica entre as localidades, podendo se dispersar por toda extensão da área estudada. No entanto, a composição de aves muda entre as localidades amostradas e essas mudanças podem ser melhor explicadas pela variação ambiental, representada pela composição de palmeiras. Embora nossos resultados indiquem que a distância geográfica não tenha efeito sobre as mudanças na composição de aves, enfatizamos que estudos em uma escala maior poderão ajudar a entender os efeitos da limitação de dispersão sobre a composição de aves florestais amazônicas.
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Erbaugh, J. Mark. "Determinants of agricultural production constraints in Uganda: a socio-ecological approach /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487867541730366.
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Maliti, Deodatus Vincent. "Ecological and genetic determinants of malaria vectors feeding and resting behaviours." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6933/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ecological and genetic factors play a key role in determining the behaviour of mosquito vectors, which in turn influences malaria transmission and epidemiology. Malaria vector control strategies such as long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) rely on the timing and location of mosquito vector feeding behaviour, and their choice of resting habitat (inside houses versus outside). In some settings where these control measures have been intensively used, the major malaria vectors have been reported to change their behaviour to bite more often outdoors and/or earlier in the evening before people are protected by LLINs, and to increasingly rest outdoors. Such shifts in vector behaviour may jeopardize the effectiveness of LLIN and IRS strategies. The potential for such changes to undermine malaria control can only be understood by: (1) developing better, standardized sampling tools for the surveillance of mosquito behaviours, and (2) identifying the environmental and genetic factors that contribute to these behavioural changes as is required to predict how quickly they can occur and spread. This study developed and evaluated a range of novel tools to sample host seeking and resting African malaria vectors. These tools were used to characterize a range of epidemiologically relevant malaria vector behaviours within an endemic area of southern Tanzania, and investigate the role of potential ecological and genetic determinants of behavioural variation. Firstly, a novel mosquito electrocuting trap (MET) was developed and evaluated relative to a commercially available insect electrocuting trap (CA-EG) and the gold standard human landing catch (HLC) technique for measuring the abundance and host seeking behaviour of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. A Latin Square experiment was conducted in a rural setting in the Kilombero Valley of Tanzania where the sampling performance of MET was promising, especially in outdoor sampling where it achieved > 58% sampling performance relative to the HLC. In contrast, the CA-EG had poor performance relative to both the MET and HLC and was considered unlikely to be a viable sampling method. This study showed that electrocuting traps can be developed and used as alternative, realistic and exposure-free sampling tools to the HLC technique. Secondly, a series of new lightweight, portable and standardized sampling traps were developed and compared relative to one another to identify which traps are optimal for measuring African malaria vector resting behaviour. Two existing resting traps, the Resting Bucket (RBU) and Resting Box (RBO) were used along with two modified versions of the RBU designed to test the influence of specific design features to mosquito catchability: a modified entry resting bucket (MERBU) and a sticky resting bucket (SRBU). The performance of all traps for sampling indoor and outdoor resting An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. were evaluated relative to one another, and the back-pack aspirator method (BPA, indoor collections only). Mosquito vector densities in all resting traps were relatively low (< 3 per night), but were consistently higher in the RBU and RBO. The SRBU had significantly poorer performance outside than inside, which gave rise to highly biased estimates of exophilic behaviour. The MERBU trap performed consistently poorly inside and outdoors. Based on their relative and consistent sampling performance, the RBO and RBU are recommended as the best choice for wider scale surveillance of vector resting behaviour and its response to control measures. Thirdly, a candidate gene approach was used to test if variation in the host seeking behaviour of An. arabiensis is associated with genetic polymorphisms in their circadian rhythm genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 34 loci across 8 circadian genes in An. arabiensis were identified and analyzed for association with the timing (“early=7pm-10pm vs “late” = 4am-7am) and location (indoors vs outdoors) of their host seeking. No associations were found between the host seeking phenotypes and SNP polymorphisms in An. arabiensis. However, a strong genetic population structure was detected within An. arabiensis from the study area, which was correlated with polymorphisms in the Timeless gene (irrespective of the feeding phenotypes or geographical location). The cause of this structuring remains unknown, and further studies to investigate the potential mechanism and epidemiological implications are recommended. Although no association was found in this study, the role of genetics in determining malaria host seeking behaviour cannot be discounted. Other approaches such as transcriptomics and whole genome sequences are recommended in future studies. In combination, results from this study give insights into the optimality of different sampling tools for reliable, ethically conducive monitoring of malaria vector behaviour. Furthermore, they provide baseline assessment of the contribution of some mosquito genetic and environmental factors to mosquito vector behaviour. It is hoped that the most promising sampling tools developed here can be improved and integrated into malaria vector surveillance programmes to obtain reliable information on vector behaviour and how vectors respond to environmental change and wide-scale use of malaria control measures.
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Ceschin, Fernanda. "Determinantes da diversidade beta de comunidades aquáticas em planícies de inundação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/38068.
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Orientador : Prof. Dr. André Andrian PadialDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa: Curitiba, 20/03/2015
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Área de concentração : Ecologia e Conservação
Resumo: 1. Explicar a variação espacial e temporal da distribuição das comunidades biológicas nos ecossistemas tem sido uma questão central em ecologia. Atualmente esta questão tem sido pensada com enfoque na variação composicional entre unidades amostrais (Diversidade beta - ?). 2. Nesse estudo, a variação da ? temporal das comunidades de peixes sedentários, peixes migradores e macrófitas, foi abordada utilizando a metacomunidade amostrada em um período como unidade amostral. O conjunto de dados utilizado foi obtido de uma série temporal de 13 anos de amostragens na planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná, Brasil, de 2000 a 2012. Foram utilizadas como determinantes da ? variáveis representativas dos seguintes processos ecológicos: invasão biológica, variáveis indicadoras do regime hidrológico, produtividade e heterogeneidade ambiental. 3. Os determinantes relevantes para as metacomunidades dependeram da comunidade estudada, sendo os peixes sedentários o grupo mais afetado pelos efeitos homogeneizadores do regime hidrológico. A ? da metacomunidade de peixes sedentários também é significativamente explicada pela riqueza de espécies exóticas, heterogeneidade ambiental e produtividade, indicando alto determinismo ambiental na variação temporal dessa metacomunidade. A variação temporal da metacomunidade de macrófitas foi afetada apenas pelas variáveis de produtividade, porém a metacomunidade de peixes migradores apresentou somente autocorrelação temporal não explicada por nenhum dos determinantes testados. 4. Por fim, a representação do regime hidrológico através de variáveis dummy parece ser a melhor forma de se utilizar informações do regime hidrológico como determinante da ?. Palavras-chave: Homogeneização biótica, regime hidrológico, espécies invasoras, heterogeneidade ambiental, produtividade, autocorrelação.
Abstract: 1. Explaining the temporal and spatial variation of the ecological communities in the ecosystems had been a central issue on Ecology. This issue has been answered focusing on the compositional variation among sampling units (Beta diversity - ?). 2. In this study we explained the sedentary fish, migratory fish and macrophytes communities temporal ?. Data was obtained from a time series of 13 years of sampling in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The following variables were used as ? determinants: non-native species richness, productivity, environmental heterogeneity, hydrological regime. 3. The relevant determinants for metacommunities differ to each community studied. Sedentary fish were the most affected by the homogenizing determinants of the hydrological regime. Also, the sedentary fish metacommunity can be significantly explained by the non-native species richness, environmental heterogeneity and productivity, indicating high environmental determinism on the temporal variation of this metacommunity. The temporal variation of macrophyte metacommunity was only affected by the productivity variables. On the other hand, the migratory fish metacommunity only presents temporal autocorrelation, which cannot be explained by the tested determinants. 4. Finally, the representation of the hydrological regime through dummy variables seems to be the best way to use information about the hydrological regime as a determinant of ?. Key-words: Biotic homogenization, hydrological regime, exotic species, environmental heterogeneity, productivity, autocorrelation.
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PEREIRA, Diego Fernandes Gomes. "Filtros ambientais determinando caracteres funcionais de assembleias de Odonata." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9402.
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A distribuição de espécies pode ser afetada pela disponibilidade de ambientes que se encaixam dentro do limite de variação do seu nicho e pela interação com outras espécies. Modificações no ambiente, especialmente os de origens antrópicas, são cada vez mais comuns, e a modificação de habitat resultante dessas atividades é considerada uma das principais causas de extinções de espécies. Ecossistemas aquáticos são considerados um dos mais vulneráveis do globo em virtude de sua dependência da paisagem circundante e da rede de drenagem. No entanto, a resposta das espécies a essas alterações não é aleatória, podendo seguir padrões que são dependentes de funcionalidade ou da morfologia especifica de cada táxon. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se os fatores ambientais funcionam como filtro para o estabelecimento de espécies de Odonata por meio de seus caracteres funcionais e morfológicos, testando as hipóteses de que: a) o ambiente funciona como um filtro sobre as espécies, por meio da facilitação ou impedimento de caracteres e b) que devido aos requerimentos de termorregulação e reprodução, indispensáveis para a colonização e manutenção da população, a largura do tórax e o tipo de oviposição serão as variáveis biológicas mais afetadas. Para isso, amostramos 97 igarapés na Amazônia oriental, distribuídos em um gradiente de condições ambientais que contempla desde áreas totalmente preservadas a muito modificadas pela pecuária e agricultura. Foram utilizados seis caracteres funcionais (comprimento total, comprimento da asa, largura da asa, largura do tórax, comprimento do abdome e categoria de oviposição) e sete variáveis ambientais (índice de integridade ambiental, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura da água, cobertura de dossel, cobertura de macrófitas, pH e condutividade). Para avaliar se as variáveis ambientais influenciam as assembleias de Odonata, utilizamos uma combinação de análises RLQ e Fourth Corner, na qual avaliamos as relações de sete variáveis. Dentre as variáveis ambientais estudadas, o Índice de Integridade Ambiental apresentou o maior efeito sobre a assembleia de Odonata, tendo relação negativa com a largura da asa, largura do tórax e de oviposição exofítica, e relação positiva com oviposição endofítica. Cobertura de macrófitas foi a segunda variável ambiental mais representativa, apresentando relação negativa com comprimento do abdome e positiva com oviposição exofítica e largura do tórax. Os resultados mostram que ambientes poucos preservados facilitam a ocorrência de organismos com tórax largo e a substituição da categoria de oviposição endofítica pela exofítica. Uma vez que impactos normalmente não modificam a riqueza de libélulas, apenas sua composição, tais resultados indicam que ocorre favorecimento de grupos com estes caracteres, tais como a família Libellulidae, em detrimento de outras famílias e grupos (especialmente de Zygoptera), o que pode resultar em homogeneização da assembleia e perda filogenética e funcional. A preservação de ambientes prístinos é, portanto, indispensável para manter a diversidade de Odonata, sendo a melhor maneira de conservar os muitos grupos ecofisiológicos e comportamentais da ordem. A resposta das assembleias de libélulas, direcionada por caracteres morfológicos e comportamentais, elucida padrões de respostas ecológicas, e a incorporação de hábitos de oviposição em políticas de conservação da ordem se apresenta indispensável para torná-las mais adequadas, pois são críticos para a manutenção de populações e colonização de novos locais.
Species distribution is affected by availability of habitas that fit within the limits of variation of their niche and by interaction with other species. Environmental modifications, especially those of anthropic origin, are increasingly common, and are considered major causes of species extinction during the Anthropocene. Aquatic ecosystems are considered among the most vulnerable on the planet because of its dependence on the surroundings and the drainage system. However, species responses to these changes are not random, and can follow patterns that are caused by the specific functionality or morphology of each taxon. This work’s goal was to evaluate if environmental factors work as ecological filters for the establishment of Odonata species through selection of their functional and morphological characters, testing the hypotheses that a) the environment works as a filter over species, by facilitating or hindering characters and b) that due to their thermoregulatory and reproductive requirements, indispensable for colonization and population maintenance, thorax width and oviposition type will be the most affected biological variables. Considering that, we sampled 97 streams in the oriental side of the Brazilian Amazon Forest, distributed over an environmental gradient which covers areas ranging from untouched primary forest to areas extremely modified by agriculture and livestock. We used six functional traits (total body length, fore wing length, fore wing width, thorax width, abdominal length and oviposition type) and seven environmental variables (habitat integrity index, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, canopy cover, macrophytes cover, pH and condutivity). To evaluate if the environmental variables affected the odonate communities, we used the combination of the RLQ and Fourth Corner analysis, with which we assessed the relation between each of the selected traits with each of the habitat descriptors. Among the studied environmental variables, habitat integrity index presented the largest effect over the community of Odonata, having a negative relation with fore wing width, thorax width and exophytic oviposition, and a positive relation with endophytic oviposition. Macrophytes cover showed a negative relation with abdominal length and a positive relation with thorax width and exophytic oviposition. No other environmental descriptor presented significant relations. The results show that poorly preserved habitats facilitate the occurrence of organisms with larger thorax and the substitution of the endophytic by the exophytic type of oviposition. Since environmental impacts usually do not change Odonata species richness, only community composition, these results point that there is favouritism towards groups of species with those characters, like the Libellulidae family, with detriment to other families or groups (specially of the Zygoptera suborder), what might result in community homogeneity and loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity. Thus, the preservation of primary forest is indispensable for the maintenance of Odonata, being the best way to conserve the different ecophysiological and behavioural groups in the order. The dragonfly communities’ responses, directed by morphological and behavioural traits, enlightens ecological response patterns, and the addition of oviposition categories to conservation policies for the Odonata is critical in making them more effective, as they are absolutely necessary for population stability and colonizing new sites.
Книги з теми "Determinanti ecologici"
1
Steinberg, Christian E. W. Ecology of Humic Substances in Freshwaters: Determinants from Geochemistry to Ecological Niches. Springer, 2010.
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Steinberg, Christian. Ecology of Humic Substances in Freshwaters: Determinants from Geochemistry to Ecological Niches. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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Ecology of Humic Substances in Freshwaters: Determinants from Geochemistry to Ecological Niches. Springer, 2003.
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Summerville, Keith S. Ecological determinants of species diversity and community composition of forest moths (Lepidoptera) at local and regional scales. 2002.
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Schlicht, Wolfgang, Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer, and Martina Kanning, eds. Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention in physical activity and well-being: Affective reactions, social-cognitive factors, and behaviors as determinants of physical activity and exercise. Frontiers Media SA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-224-3.
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Pombi, Marco, David Modiano, and Gilberto Corbellini. Malaria eradication in Italy: the story of a first success. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.003.0013.
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The Italian experience represents a historical example that education and sociopolitical vision can effectively contribute to the conquest of malaria. Until the end of 19th century, the infection spread mostly in the Central and Southern parts of Italy, with about 7 percent of the population affected and 20,000 annual deaths. Malaria showed different facies, owing to a complex vectorial system with remarkable ecological and behavioral differences. With the involvement of a critical mass of scientists and physicians, the etiology of malaria and the biological and socioeconomics determinants of the transmission dynamics were identified. This provided the opportunity to break the “malaria transmission chain” by an integrated approach. Moreover, Italy was the first country to develop special legislation for the fight against malaria, representing an example of integration between scientific, political, social and economic knowledge. In 1970, after decades of fight, the World Health Organization officially declared Italy free from malaria.
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Stefańska, Magdalena, ed. Sustainability and sustainable development. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-074-6.
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The aim of this book is to present the most important issues related to sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). They are discussed from a macro and micro perspective, both in the form of theoretical foundations of these concepts and practical examples of companies operating in Central and Eastern European countries that have implemented these ideas in their daily operations and translated them into corporate and functional strategies. The book consists of four parts. The first one is theoretical in its assumptions and is devoted to explaining the key concepts of sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The authors describe the determinants of sustainable development in the contemporary world, including the most important ones, such as globalization, climate change, poverty, unlimited consumption, as well as limited access to natural resources - all in relation to the goals of sustainable development. The chapter also discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is now recognized as the process by which business contributes to the implementation of sustainable development. How sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are incorporated into the organization's strategies and influence the corporate strategy on the corporate and functional areas of the organization is presented in the last chapter of the first part of the e-book. The next part of the e-book helps readers understand the concepts of SD and CSR in the field of organizational strategy - in strategic management, and at the level of functional strategies—marketing, human resources, marketing research, accounting and operational management. The authors explain the reasons why companies need to consider the local and global perspective when setting SDGs, and the existence of potential conflicts within them. Taking into account the area of marketing, the authors point to the increase in environmental and social awareness of all stakeholders, which translates into changes in the criteria for decision-making by managers and risk assessment. The issue of sustainability is also the subject of market research. Companies producing products and services, institutions dealing with environmental or consumer protection, scientists and students conduct many research projects related to, inter alia, much more. How to use secondary data for analysis and how to prepare, conduct, analyze and interpret the results of primary research in that area are discussed in detail in the next chapter of this section. The concept of SD also refers to the basic functions of human resource management (HRM)—recruitment, motivation, evaluation and control. They should take into account SD not only for the efficiency of the organization and long-term economic benefits, but also for ethical reasons. Thanks to the SHRM, the awareness and behavior of the entire organization can strongly express sustainable goals in the planning and implementation of the overall corporate strategy. The growing importance of the idea of SD and the concept of CSR also resulted in the need for accounting and finance to develop solutions enabling the provision of information on the methods and results of implementing these concepts in entities operating on the market. This part of the book also examines manufacturing activities in the context of sustainability. As a result, many problems arise: waste of resources, mismanagement, excessive energy consumption, environmental pollution, use of human potential, etc. The chapter presents such concepts as: zero-waste, lean-manufacturing, six-sigma, circular production, design and recycling products in the life cycle as well as ecological and environmentally friendly production. The next two parts of the e-book contain examples of companies from Central and Eastern Europe that used SD goals in their strategies, questions and tasks for readers.
Частини книг з теми "Determinanti ecologici"
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Solbrig, Otto T., Ernesto Medina, and Juan F. Silva. "Determinants of Tropical Savannas." In Ecological Studies, 31–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78969-4_2.
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Tarasov, Mikhail E., Galina A. Bulatova, and Marina N. Levkina. "Environmental and Ecological Determinants." In Geo-Economy of the Future, 297–305. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92303-7_33.
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di Castri, F., and A. J. Hansen. "The Environment and Development Crises as Determinants of Landscape Dynamics." In Ecological Studies, 3–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2804-2_1.
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Romstöck-Völkl, M. "Host Race Formation in Tephritis conura: Determinants from Three Trophic Levels." In Ecological Studies, 21–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60725-7_2.
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Sack, Lawren, Christine Scoffoni, Daniel M. Johnson, Thomas N. Buckley, and Timothy J. Brodribb. "The Anatomical Determinants of Leaf Hydraulic Function." In Functional and Ecological Xylem Anatomy, 255–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15783-2_10.
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Ullmann, I., and B. Büdel. "Ecological Determinants of Species Composition of Biological Soil Crusts on a Landscape Scale." In Ecological Studies, 203–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8_17.
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Martínez-Mota, Rodolfo, Martín M. Kowalewski, and Thomas R. Gillespie. "Ecological Determinants of Parasitism in Howler Monkeys." In Howler Monkeys, 259–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1957-4_10.
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McFarlane, Judith. "Ecologic Determinants of the Health of Aymara Children." In Studies in Human Biology, 87–100. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2141-2_8.
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Bitla, Utkarsh M., Ajay M. Sorty, Kamlesh K. Meena, and Narendra P. Singh. "Rhizosphere Signaling Cascades: Fundamentals and Determinants." In Plant-Microbe Interactions in Agro-Ecological Perspectives, 211–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5813-4_11.
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Dame, R. F., D. Bushek, and T. C. Prins. "Benthic Suspension Feeders as Determinants of Ecosystem Structure and Function in Shallow Coastal Waters." In Ecological Studies, 11–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56557-1_2.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Determinanti ecologici"
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Yedavalli, Rama K., and Nagini Devarakonda. "Determination of Most Desirable Nominal Closed Loop State Space System via Qualitative Ecological Principles." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6181.
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This paper addresses the issue of determining the most desirable ‘Nominal Closed Loop Matrix’ structure in linear state space systems, by combining the concepts of ‘Quantitative Robustness’ and ‘Qualitative Robustness’. The qualitative robustness measure is based on the nature of interactions and interconnections of the system. The quantitative robustness is based on the nature of eigenvalue/eigenvector structure of the system. This type of analysis from both viewpoints sheds considerable insight on the desirable nominal system in engineering applications. Using these concepts it is shown that a specific quantitative set of matrices labeled ‘Quantitative Ecological Stable (QES) Matrices’ have features which qualify them as the most desirable nominal closed loop system matrices. Thus in this paper, we expand on the special features of the determinant of a matrix in terms of self-regulation, interactions and interconnections and specialize these features to the class of ‘Quantitative Ecological Stable (QES)’ matrices and show that for checking its Hurwitz stability, it is sufficient to check the positivity of only the constant coefficient of the characteristic polynomial of a matrix in a higher dimensional ‘Kronecker’ space. In addition, it is shown that these matrices possess the most attractive property among any matrix class, namely that their Determinants possess convexity property. Establishment of this optimal nominal closed loop system matrix structure paves the way for designing controllers which qualify as robust controllers for linear systems with real parameter uncertainty. The proposed concepts are illustrated with many useful examples.
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Proskurina, N. V. "Statistical Estimate Of Quality Of Life Ecological Determinants." In Proceedings of the II International Scientific Conference GCPMED 2019 - "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development". European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.03.163.
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Ivleva, Marina L., Vitaly Yu Ivlev, Vladimir Inozemtsev, and Nonna Bagramiants. "Environmental Determinants of Sustainable Development." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-19.2019.243.
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"STRUCTURAL - DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF POPULATION QUALITY OF LIFE." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2019.10-2-223/228.
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Kisseleva, O. V., E. A. Savelyeva, and I. G. Dadaeva. "FORECASTING THE ECOLOGICAL SITUATION USING NEURAL NETWORKS." In Культура, наука, образование: проблемы и перспективы. Нижневартовский государственный университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/ksp-2021/73.
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Atmospheric air is a vital component of the natural environment, an integral part of the human, plant, and animal habitat. Ambient air quality is the most important factor affecting health, sanitary and epidemiological situations. With industrial growth, environmental issues and environmental management are revived and take on new significance. To effectively solve these problems, it is necessary to create modern environmental monitoring systems. In this article, we have applied artificial neural networks to predict PM2.5 concentrations as determinants of smog. We used meteorological data and PM2.5 concentrations to create these networks. PM2.5 data and concentrations at several points in the city of Almaty were used as input data for training the model. The measurements were carried out over three months (February-March) from 2019–2021. The best results were shown by a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory, which has proven to be effective in predicting this type of data.
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Dunhill, Alexander M., William J. Foster, James Sciberras, and Richard J. Twitchett. "INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC ECOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF EXTINCTION AT THE END-TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282692.
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KUROWSKA, Krystyna, and Roman RUDNICKI. "CHANGES IN LAND USE IN POLAND – COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERIOD 2002–2010." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.114.
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Land is the most important means of production in agriculture. Valuation of agricultural land resources takes into account the acreage and land quality. Changes in the land use structure are stimulated by many factors. It ought to be remembered that the farmland also provide space for purposes other than agriculture or forestry. The paper presents those changes in the land use structure in Poland which took place in the period of 2002–2010. On the basis of the data by the Central Statistical Office [GUS] and its Agricultural Censuses of 2002 and 2010 the authors propose an agricultural holding territorial importance indicator, land location indicator, change indicator for agricultural land turned into non-agricultural land and analyse the total area of agricultural holdings. The major determinants (internal and external factors) of those changes are also described. The aim of the study is to analyse the changes taking place in the Polish agriculture. They were taken into account natural, ecological and urban determinants as well as to the Common Agricultural Policy. The analyses were conducted at the level of voivodships and poviats and were contained agriculture land and non-agriculture land. The area of agricultural land is decreasing as it is being dedicated for other – non-agricultural – purposes, especially for housing purposes.
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Mairota, P., and Pietro Piussi. "Ecosistemi forestali nel paesaggio. Riflessioni sull'importanza del contesto, tra ecologia, determinanti di cambiamento, politica e strumenti normativi." In Terzo Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/cns2008.135.
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Wang, Xiaodi. "Investigation of pathogen prevalence and ecological determinants of questing density among lone star ticks in east-central Alabama." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.116070.
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Koeltringer, Fiona, Kristi Annerstedt, Daniel Carter, Delia Boccia, and William E. Rudgard. "The social and structural determinants of tuberculosis incidence trends in 116 countries from 2005-2015: an ecological study." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa1724.
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