Статті в журналах: "Detector principle"

1

Xing, Zhen Ni, Yang Liu, Guo Zheng Zhu, and Shao Bei Luo. "Neutron Radiation Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 932–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.932.

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The basic principle of neutron detection was proposed in the twentieth century, especially G.F.Knoll compiled Radiation Detection And Measurement in 1979, including detailed in principles and methods of radiation detection and measurement on a variety of hot and fast neutrons. In recent decades there is not have a big breakthrough on the principle of neutron detection development, but there is a great improvement in the performance and scope of neutron detectors. Depending on the working principle of neutron detector, it is roughly divided into the following three: Gas detectors, Semiconductor detectors and Scintillator detector.

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2

Nesse, Randolph M. "The smoke detector principle." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2019, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy034.

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Nesse, Randolph M. "The Smoke Detector Principle." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 935, no. 1 (January 25, 2006): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x.

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4

Wang, Lin, and Hong Wang. "Measurement and Application of Radiant Energy." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1463.

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Based on the application of radiant energy in various fields, the fundamental knowledge about incident radiation, including physical quantities and units, is summarized. Then, the category and principle of radiant energy detector are introduced, i.e. thermal detectors and photodetectors. Also, their application conditions are compared. It is significantly important for users to understand their operation principles and to choose an appropriate radiation measuring detector.

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5

SCHREIBER, S. "THE TESLA DETECTOR." International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no. 14 (June 10, 1998): 2455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98001244.

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The joint ECFA/DESY Study "Physics and Detectors for a Linear Collider" has worked out a proposal for a detector for a next generation TeV e+e- linear collider. In this report, the principle design and layout of the proposed detector with emphasis on the TESLA version is reviewed. Examples of reference reactions studied to demonstrate the detector performance are given.

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6

KANNO, Ikuo. "A transXend Detector - Principle and Applications." Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology 3 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15669/pnst.3.1.

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Deng, Fang Yi, Xin She Wu, and Yuan Fang Li. "In Modulating Ferroelectric Uncooled Infrared Focal Plane Detector." Applied Mechanics and Materials 455 (November 2013): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.455.474.

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Aiming at detecting rate and frame rate problems restricting the development of ferroelectric detector technology, puts forward a new design method of ferroelectric ferroelectric detectors -- detector modulation. Improvement principle and structure of the original ferroelectric detectors, and summarizes the technical features of this device.

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8

SCHULZE, RICO, FRANZ DIETEL, JENS JÄKEL, and HENDRIK RICHTER. "AN ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEM FOR CLASSIFYING AERODYNAMIC INSTABILITIES OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 11, no. 01 (March 2012): 1250002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026812500022.

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Anomaly detection prevents rotating machinery from unforeseeable faults. Using such detection methods, we consider the problem of identifying aerodynamic instabilities in centrifugal compressors by analyzing just the compressor's sound signal. Therefore, an artificial immune system (AIS)-based classification is applied. The deployed v-detectors work according to the negative selection principle and were optimized in position and shape by using a novel procedure of detector generation. This allows reducing the number of detectors while maintaining classification success. Ideas such as multiple layer AIS and fuzzy detector edges enhance the tuning of the classification response. Numerical results demonstrate the design, show the validity for the presented application and give an example for adopting soft computing methods for condition monitoring.

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9

Kshetri, R. "A first principle approach for clover detector." Journal of Instrumentation 7, no. 08 (August 16, 2012): P08015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/08/p08015.

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10

Cao, Binfang, Chengfa Liu, Lingjie Qin, and Xiaoqin Li. "Electroplating solution concentration detection based on interference principle and balanced detector." Optik 240 (August 2021): 166903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166903.

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11

Lukac, Jozef, and Jan Sykora. "Exact Analytical H-BER for Ad Hoc XOR H-Map Detector for Two Differentially Modulated BPSK Sources in H-MAC Channel." Mathematics 10, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10060903.

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In the article, we present an ad hoc (AH) detector for two differentially encoded BPSK sources in the Hierarchical MAC (H-MAC), i.e., for the case when the receiver sees the superposition of non-orthogonal signals from individual sources. (Prefix “H-” means Hierarchical, it emphasizes that the entity is related to the many-to-one principle.) The AH detector decodes the XOR H-map of the two BPSK streams—in other words, it decides whether the transmitted symbols from the two sources are the same or opposite. The BER of the detection in H-MAC is denoted as H-BER. The H-BER is compared with the other two differential detectors, with the coherent (Coh) detector, and with an approximate coherent (ApC) detector. The exact analytical H-BER formula is derived for the ad hoc and coherent detectors. The proposed ad hoc detector is very simple for evaluation, does not require the estimation of subchannel phases, does not depend on noise variance, and it is uniformly only roughly 3.5 dB worse than the coherent one.

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12

Angelone, Maurizio, and Claudio Verona. "Properties of Diamond-Based Neutron Detectors Operated in Harsh Environments." Journal of Nuclear Engineering 2, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 422–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jne2040032.

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Diamond is widely studied and used for the detection of direct and indirect ionizing particles because of its many physical and electrical outstanding properties, which make this material very attractive as a fast-response, high-radiation-hardness and low-noise radiation detector. Diamond detectors are suited for detecting almost all types of ionizing radiation (e.g., neutrons, ions, UV, and X-ray) and are used in a wide range of applications including ones requiring the capability to withstand harsh environments (e.g., high temperature, high radiation fluxes, or strong chemical conditions). After reviewing the basic properties of the diamond detector and its working principle detailing the physics aspects, the paper discusses the diamond as a neutron detector and reviews its performances in harsh environments.

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13

Ding, Zhiguo, Minrui Fei, and Dajun Du. "An online anomaly detection method for stream data using isolation principle and statistic histogram." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 06, no. 02 (May 29, 2015): 1550017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962315500178.

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Online anomaly detection for stream data has been explored recently, where the detector is supposed to be able to perform an accurate and timely judgment for the upcoming observation. However, due to the inherent complex characteristics of stream data, such as quick generation, tremendous volume and dynamic evolution distribution, how to develop an effective online anomaly detection method is a challenge. The main objective of this paper is to propose an adaptive online anomaly detection method for stream data. This is achieved by combining isolation principle with online ensemble learning, which is then optimized by statistic histogram. Three main algorithms are developed, i.e., online detector building algorithm, anomaly detecting algorithm and adaptive detector updating algorithm. To evaluate our proposed method, four massive datasets from the UCI machine learning repository recorded from real events were adopted. Extensive simulations based on these datasets show that our method is effective and robust against different scenarios.

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14

Jia, Xu, and Wei Zhi Ding. "Review on Meteorological Detector in Highway Mechanical and Electrical Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 2015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2015.

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Meteorological data collection and monitoring is widely adopted in the traffic industry. Meteorological monitoring can ensure traffic safety and improve the traffic management level. According to the detection type the system is divided into several types: pavement visibility detector, road conditions detector, rainfall detector, wind speed and direction detector, etc. Subsequently the advantages and drawbacks or system working principle of various types are compared. Meanwhile the key issues and the future trend of development are presented.

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15

Bunert, Erik, Ansgar T. Kirk, Jens Oermann, and Stefan Zimmermann. "Electron capture detector based on a non-radioactive electron source: operating parameters vs. analytical performance." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 6, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-381-2017.

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Abstract. Gas chromatographs with electron capture detectors are widely used for the analysis of electron affine substances such as pesticides or chlorofluorocarbons. With detection limits in the low pptv range, electron capture detectors are the most sensitive detectors available for such compounds. Based on their operating principle, they require free electrons at atmospheric pressure, which are usually generated by a β− decay. However, the use of radioactive materials leads to regulatory restrictions regarding purchase, operation, and disposal. Here, we present a novel electron capture detector based on a non-radioactive electron source that shows similar detection limits compared to radioactive detectors but that is not subject to these limitations and offers further advantages such as adjustable electron densities and energies. In this work we show first experimental results using 1,1,2-trichloroethane and sevoflurane, and investigate the effect of several operating parameters on the analytical performance of this new non-radioactive electron capture detector (ECD).

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16

You, Lixing. "Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information." Nanophotonics 9, no. 9 (June 22, 2020): 2673–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0186.

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AbstractThe superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is a quantum-limit superconducting optical detector based on the Cooper-pair breaking effect by a single photon, which exhibits a higher detection efficiency, lower dark count rate, higher counting rate, and lower timing jitter when compared with those exhibited by its counterparts. SNSPDs have been extensively applied in quantum information processing, including quantum key distribution and optical quantum computation. In this review, we present the requirements of single-photon detectors from quantum information, as well as the principle, key metrics, latest performance issues, and other issues associated with SNSPD. The representative applications of SNSPDs with respect to quantum information will also be covered.

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17

Roby, R. J., A. J. Hamer, E. L. Johnson, S. A. Tilstra, and T. J. Burt. "Improved Method for Flame Detection in Combustion Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2814099.

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A fast response chemiluminescent flame detection approach is presented along with field test results from a fiber optic based flame detector device. Chemiluminescence, the light given off by molecules formed in their excited states, has long been recognized as a diagnostics method for use in combustion. The recent advent of higher quality optical fibers with improved transmission properties in the UV, as well as UV optical detectors, has made the use of chemiluminescence for gas turbine diagnostics and monitoring practical. Advances in combustor designs on new low-emissions machines as well as reliability issues with some existing machines are creating the need for improved flame dynamics measurements as well as improvements in reliability for existing measurements such as combustor flame detection. This paper discusses the technology, principle of operation, and detectors that operate on the chemiluminescence principle.

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18

Cen, Jian, Xu Hong Zhang, Dan Xiang, and Xu Lu. "Complex Fault Diagnosis Based on Immune Principle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.744.

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To improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis, this paper reply to biological immune theory, candidate detectors have been created in non-self-space, according to biological mutation mechanism and the clone selection theory, to mature candidate detector and to reduce training time. Fault samples have classified in non-self-space, in order to reduce unclear boundaries of fault samples. The use of adaptive threshold are adapted to in the diagnosis process, to reduce the diagnosis of black holes arising, the error rate and missed rate reduce, therefore the accuracy of fault diagnosis improve. Fault test and simulation results show that the effectiveness of the method.

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19

Kemmer, J., G. Lutz, U. Prechtel, K. Schuster, M. Sterzik, L. Strüder, and T. Ziemann. "Experimental confirmation of a new semiconductor detector principle." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 288, no. 1 (March 1990): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90470-q.

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20

Gao, Jin Shan, and Shi Jie Wang. "Phase Sensitive Detection Based on FPAA." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5714.

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Application of FPAA (field programmable analog array) for the construction of phase-sensitive detector is described. The working principle of the phase sensitive detector is introduced. With software called Anadigmdesigner2, a signal selection circuit, a inverting circuit, a rectifier and a low pass filter circuit are achieved. The simulation of the phase-sensitive detector circuit designed is made. Phase rang from 75º to 115 º, phase errors detected are below ±0.392%.

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21

Suzuki, Yosuke, Seiichi Teshigawara, Mitsuhiro Chiba, Takumi Shimada, Aiguo Ming, and Makoto Shimojo. "Experimental Discussion of Occurrence of High-Frequency Component on Slip Sensor Output Using Pressure Conductive Rubber." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 2 (April 20, 2013): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0316.

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We have presented a slip sensor that uses pressureconductive rubber to detect initial slip, but have not revealed the principle of high-frequency wave occurrence that is used by this detection. The wave-occurrence principle should be clarified in optimized slip sensor design, especially the properties of pressure-conductive rubber and the detector shape and for reducing individual differences in detection characteristics of the slip sensor. This paper discusses the wave-occurrence principle through a series of experiments and shows that localized fixing and peeling between pressure-conductive rubber and electrodes in the slip sensor configuration have important relation to the principle.

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22

Luo, Tao, Zaifeng Shi, and Pumeng Wang. "Robust and Efficient Corner Detector Using Non-Corners Exclusion." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020443.

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Corner detection is a traditional type of feature point detection method. Among methods used, with its good accuracy and the properties of invariance for rotation, noise and illumination, the Harris corner detector is widely used in the fields of vision tasks and image processing. Although it possesses a good performance in detection quality, its application is limited due to its low detection efficiency. The efficiency is crucial in many applications because it determines whether the detector is suitable for real-time tasks. In this paper, a robust and efficient corner detector (RECD) improved from Harris corner detector is proposed. First, we borrowed the principle of the feature from accelerated segment test (FAST) algorithm for corner pre-detection, in order to rule out non-corners and retain many strong corners as real corners. Those uncertain corners are looked at as candidate corners. Second, the gradients are calculated in the same way as the original Harris detector for those candidate corners. Third, to reduce additional computation amount, only the corner response function (CRF) of the candidate corners is calculated. Finally, we replace the highly complex non-maximum suppression (NMS) by an improved NMS to obtain the resulting corners. Experiments demonstrate that RECD is more competitive than some popular corner detectors in detection quality and speed. The accuracy and robustness of our method is slightly better than the original Harris detector, and the detection time is only approximately 8.2% of its original value.

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Luo, Heng, Ning Jie Jin, Xiao Yan Ye, Jun Chen Li, and Lu Gao. "An Indoor Multi-Function Environment Detector Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.544.

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Modern people spend more than 90% of their life indoors and therefore the indoor environment quality has great impact on the body health and working efficiency of human beings. A series of detectors thus been developed to evaluate the indoor environment quality. Nevertheless, these devices are either expensive or too simple. In this paper, a portable detector model, basing on the Lego Blocks Principle, is proposed. Users are able to select sensing modules according to their preference based on the precision requirements, price constraints and size limitations before piling them together like blocks to realize the multi-parameter detection. The measuring results are sent to the terminal mobile phones or remote server for future procession.

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24

Cao, Jian Shu, Kui Long Li, Rui Qing Li, Yi Di Wei, Gui Jun Li, and Lei Zhang. "Progress in Research for Pipe Inner Diameter Detection Technology Based on Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1220.

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It is a new method of pipeline detection that pipe detector based on laser. This paper introduces the laser inner diameter detector related principle, detail the state of development and the latest development of pipe detector based on laser designed and made by domestic and international companies, and contrastive analysis the function of pipe detector. The paper proposed development prospect and the main technical difficulties of the pipeline laser detector. The development direction of pipeline laser detector is high efficiency, high precision and high speed. However, the key technical difficulties of in pipe detector based on laser, such as centering problem, reliability and accuracy problem, data analysis and processing problems. Keywords:Pipeline; Laser; Detector; Inner diameter;

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25

Wang, Xiao Wei, Hai Bing Hu, Jun Qin, and Yong Ming Zhang. "Ground-Based Study on Distribution of Fire Parameters and Installation of Fire Detectors in Space-Confined Microgravity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.304.

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The manned spacecraft is a typically confined space in microgravity and it suffers severe fire risks. This paper studies on the distribution of the fire parameters in space-confined microgravity to find a more rational way to install the fire detectors. The experiments are carried out in the ground simulation experiment platform for fire based on the International Space Station. Based on the functional simulation principle, this paper maintainsGr(Grashof number) and increasesRe(Reynolds number) to simulate microgravity environment in such a full-scale platform. The results show that Fire Detector 5 on the center of the side wall and Fire Detector 7 on the corner of the ceiling are the best installing locations for smoke detection. And, temperature detection is not appropriate in manned spacecraft. Namely, the way to install the fire detectors in manned spacecraft should be different from that in normal gravity.

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26

Costa, Bruno Felipe, and Taufik Abrão. "MIMO Precoding for Correlated Fading Channels." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 05 (February 25, 2016): 1650041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500419.

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This contribution proposes a precoder-decoder design aiming to improve the performance of multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) detectors under correlated fading channels. The MIMO detection principle namely minimum mean squared error (MMSE) detector is analyzed under such channel condition. The proposed approach deploys the channel state information (CSI) aiming to estimate the level of spatial correlation channel, namely normalized correlation index [Formula: see text] and uses this information to improve the MIMO system performance. Furthermore, the impact of the [Formula: see text] estimation errors on the performance, as well the performance degradation for different levels of correlation have been analyzed and compared with the classical MMSE-MIMO detector operating under uncorrelated channels and perfect channel estimation.

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27

Zeng, Jian Kui, and Zi Ming Dong. "The Data Fusion for MIMO Radar." Advanced Materials Research 121-122 (June 2010): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.627.

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Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar is a new emerging radar technique developed recently. In this paper, the principle of MIMO Radar based on transmitting diversity is described and then the data fusion technique for MIMO radar is presented. In this method, the detection result of each detector of MIMO radar is integrated in data fusion center, a final detection result is get which includes all the information of each detector result.

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28

Wu, Xiao Nan, Mei Lin Hu, Bo Jun Shang, and Yan Xian. "New City Gas Leak Detection Method and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4245.

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In city gas leak detection, common methane detector is vulnerable to gases such as CO, CO2,H 2O and actual conditions of interference (such as humidity, coverings and wind direction), causing false detections and failure judgment. we put the optimization of optical methane detector with infrared absorption principle to replace the traditional combustible gas detector. In order to improve accuracy and efficiency of the gas leak detection, we put forward vehicle-mounted OMDTM optical methane detectors and complementary methane portable RMLDTM laser distance measuring instrument using a new method for gas leak detection. This method is effective to exclude other combustible gases such as methane to leak detection of interference effects, it not only covers the whole of the city gas network, proactively preventing leakage accidents from happening. In the leaks rescue operation, with it, testing vehicles can quickly arrive at the scene to participate to find the leaks, and deal with the leaks as soon as possible. Engineering field application effect suggests that the gas leak detection accuracy rate is higher, low false positive rates, fast response, and it meets the needs of modern urban gas leak detection.

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Lv, Xue Cong, and Zheng Bing Zhang. "Research and Design of Face Detection Based on OpenCV in CodeBlocks." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 974–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.974.

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To implement the problem that the side face detector is slow and its detection rate is low, in this paper, we choose the Adaboost face detection algorithm based on statistics. Then the characteristics of imaging processing software OpenCV and the principle and training flow of Adaboost face detector are introduced. Further, combination with the supplement Haar-like features improved, the full range of face detection based on OpenCV in CodeBlocks is achievement, thereby decreasing the loss of the human faces.

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30

Bobrovskiy, A. "Theoretical Foundations Development of Space Adaptive Video Information Systems Synthesis." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2021-7-2-69-78.

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The main provisions and principles of the synthesis of adaptive video information systems designed for recording and analyzing images of dynamic scenes at the stages of long-range detection of artificial space objects, ballistic and controlled approach to them in the middle and near zone of cooperation are considered. Based on the principle of dominant information, it is shown that the basis for the development of methods and algorithms for processing video information in on-board surveillance systems is the joint adaptive processing of video information in photo-detector matrices and in digital processors in order to maximize the quality of information issued to the consumer by suppressing background and noise information by adaptive hysteresis control of the frame frequency, frame resolution and signal accumulation time in the photodetector matrix, as well as the use of parametric neural network detectors-classifiers.

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31

Han, Lei, and Guo Qiang Yang. "The Analysis of Matching Detection Based on Dielectrophoresis Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.864.

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When the effects of dielectrophoresis (DEP) is applied in the detector design, it can be used to detect and locate multi targets.In this paper, the DEP force of neutral objects in the non-uniform electric field is firstly derived.According to analyze the force of insulators in the non-uniform electric field,we can conclude that the mechanical expression of matching detection is DEP force.Then the parameters of DEP force are analyzed and simulated, and it is of great significance to design detector and choose parameters for detector.Finally, through the analysis of the principle of matching detection, the article gives the technology implementation approach of this principle.The results show that this detection method can be used to detect the targets which has the same dielectric material with the detected objects, and it has a strong anti-interference ability.

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32

Tan, Qiu Lin, Chen Yang Xue, Wen Dong Zhang, Ji Jun Xiong, and Jun Liu. "Design, Preparation and Application of Dual-Color HgCdTe Infrared Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2055.

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In the paper, the principle, the preparation and the performance of the dual-color infrared HgCdTe detector is introduced. The detector is a combination of different wave band filter and different respond wave band element. The application of the dual-color infrared HgCdTe sensitive element for methane gas detection sensor is developed. A two-element HgCdTe methane detector which responds between 3.13~3.53μm and 3.91~4.09μm wave bands respectively was reported. The performance of each detection channel was presented. The experiment test and analyze are fulfilled. The experiment result indicates that under the refrigeration temperature the dual-color HgCdTe detector not only has a favorable response ability and repetition but also can realize the response and distinguish ability to methane gas through integrate narrow band filter on the front of the detector sensitive element.

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33

Li, Tuoru, Senxiang Lu, and Enjie Xu. "Location Detection Method of Detector in Pipeline Using VMD Algorithm and Machine Learning Classifier." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121436.

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The internal detector in a pipeline needs to use the ground marker to record the elapsed time for accurate positioning. Most existing ground markers use the magnetic flux leakage testing principle to detect whether the internal detector passes. However, this paper uses the method of detecting vibration signals to track and locate the internal detector. The Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) algorithm is used to extract features, which solves the defect of large noise and many disturbances of vibration signals. In this way, the detection range is expanded, and some non-magnetic flux leakage internal detectors can also be located. Firstly, the extracted vibration signals are denoised by the VMD algorithm, then kurtosis value and power value are extracted from the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) to form feature vectors, and finally the feature vectors are input into random forest and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) for classification. Experimental research shows that the method designed in this paper, which combines VMD with a machine learning classifier, can effectively use vibration signals to locate the internal detector and has the characteristics of high accuracy and good adaptability.

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34

Gallo, Giuseppe, Domenico Lo Presti, Danilo Luigi Bonanno, Giovanni Bonanno, Paola La Rocca, Santo Reito, Francesco Riggi, and Giuseppe Romeo. "Proof-of-Principle of a Cherenkov-Tag Detector Prototype." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 3437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123437.

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In a recent paper, the authors discussed the feasibility study of an innovative technique based on the directionality of Cherenkov light produced in a transparent material to improve the signal to noise ratio in muon imaging applications. In particular, the method was proposed to help in the correct identification of incoming muons direction. After the first study by means of Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4, the first reduced scale prototype of such a detector was built and tested at the Department of Physics and Astronomy "E. Majorana" of the University of Catania (Italy). The characterization technique is based on muon tracking by means of the prototype in coincidence with two scintillating tiles. The results of this preliminary test confirm the validity of the technique and stressed the importance to enhance the Cherenkov photons production to get a signal well distinguishable with respect to sensors and electronic noise.

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35

Palmieri, V. G., K. Borer, S. Janos, A. Esposito, C. Da Via', and Z. Li. "Experimental test of the hybrid superconducting pixel detector principle." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 417, no. 1 (November 1998): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(98)00585-3.

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36

AKINLAR, CUNEYT, and CIHAN TOPAL. "EDPF: A REAL-TIME PARAMETER-FREE EDGE SEGMENT DETECTOR WITH A FALSE DETECTION CONTROL." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 01 (February 2012): 1255002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001412550026.

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We propose a real-time, parameter-free edge/edge segment detection algorithm based on our novel edge/edge segment detector, the edge drawing (ED) algorithm; hence the name edge drawing parameter free (EDPF). EDPF works by running ED with ED's parameters set at their extremes. This produces all edge segments in a given image with numerous false detections. The detected edge segments are then validated by an "a contrario" validation step due to the Helmholtz principle, which eliminates invalid detections leaving only "meaningful" edge segments.

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SHAPIRO, I. I., E. C. LORENZINI, J. ASHENBERG, C. BOMBARDELLI, P. N. CHEIMETS, V. IAFOLLA, D. M. LUCCHESI, S. NOZZOLI, F. SANTOLI, and S. GLASHOW. "TESTING THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUIVALENCE IN AN EINSTEIN ELEVATOR." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12a (December 2007): 2227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011693.

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Improving the level of accuracy in testing the principle of equivalence (PE) requires reliably extracting a very small signal from an instrument's intrinsic noise and the noise associated with the instrument's motion. In fact, the spin velocity required to modulate a PE-violating signal produces a relatively high level of motion-related noise and modulation of gravity gradients at various frequencies. In the test of the PE in an Einstein elevator under development by our team, the differential acceleration detector free-falls while spinning around a horizontal axis inside an evacuated, comoving capsule released from a stratospheric balloon. The accuracy goal of the experiment is to test the PE at an accuracy of a few parts in 1015, a limit set by the expected white-noise sources in our detector. The extraction of a very small signal from the prevailing noise sources is necessary for the experiment to succeed. In this paper, we discuss different detector configurations and describe a particular design that is able to provide a remarkable attenuation and frequency separation of the effects of motion and gravity gradients with respect to a PE-violating signal. Numerical simulations of the detector's dynamics in the presence of relevant perturbations, realistic errors, and construction imperfections show the merits of this configuration for the differential acceleration detector.

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Jing, Jin. "Study of the Design of Radar Life Detector Based on DSP Signal Processing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1009.

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In recent years radar life detector is the rapid development product of information technology and Biomedical Engineering, and its core is to not contact with the human body, but to realize the detection of the parameters of human life which has a breakthrough, and to explore with full range. This paper first analyzes the principle of radar life detection system and the implementation scheme of each module technology. Based on this, DSP digital signal processing method is used to design the structure system of radar life detector. Further based on the DSP signal processing principle, PD distance tracking is used to approximately simulate the time domain of human heartbeat signal. The results show that the tracking effect that is under this structure is remarkable, which has provided technical support for the practice of the area to a certain extent.

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Harvey, Taylor, and Andreas Enqvist. "Development of Prototype Simplified Neutron Scatter Camera for Nuclear Safeguards Applications." EPJ Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125307008.

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Neutron scatter cameras are a type of directional neutron detectors that rely on multiple neutron scatters to generate images that can reveal the direction and distribution of neutron sources. Fast neutron cameras which have recently been developed rely on multiple detector volumes and make use of neutron time-of-flight measurements. These designs, though effective in localizing the source direction, relies on a large amount of detection and electrical equipment, thus increasing size, cost, and complexity of the systems to unreasonable levels for some applications. This project seeks to develop a compact scatter camera that is less expensive than systems relying on multiple detector volumes. Crucially, two components and capabilities are needed to achieve this: fast scintillation detection materials and picosecond electrical pulse timing. Utilizing such electronics, distinguishing between scintillation light pulses generated by the same neutron within one detector volume is possible. An MCNPX-PoliMi model of such a system has been developed to guide prototype designs. A cube of EJ-230 fast plastic scintillator and six photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were used to construct the prototype camera that localizes neutron sources based on the principle of cone back projection. Prototypes of the system in one, two, and three dimensions have shown promising initial results when coupled with a script that algorithmically identifies candidate neutron double scatter events and back projects probability cones in the direction of possible sources. Imaging resolution/quality, double scatter efficiency, and cost for the system are quantified. Paths forward for further improvement of a future system based on this camera’ operating principles are discussed.

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Holovatskyy, R., and M. Lobur. "Determination of basic parameters and their boundary conditions of modern passive infrared motion detectors." Computer Design Systems. Theory and Practice 1, no. 1 (2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cds2020.01.031.

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The principle of work of modern passive infrared motion detectors of the known world manufacturers is considered; their peculiarities and fields of use are indicated. Both the typical structural and schematic diagrams are given. The basic parameters of modern passive infrared motion detectors and their boundary conditions have been determined based on the principle of operation of the detector and the synthetic processing of information from primary sources. The boundary conditions for the number of rays of the near middle and far zones of the pattern of motion detectors are given. Limit conditions for supply voltage, operating temperatures, and consumption currents in different operating modes are also given.

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Aalseth, C. E., P. Agnes, A. Alton, K. Arisaka, D. M. Asner, H. O. Back, B. Baldin, et al. "The DarkSide Multiton Detector for the Direct Dark Matter Search." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/541362.

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Although the existence of dark matter is supported by many evidences, based on astrophysical measurements, its nature is still completely unknown. One major candidate is represented by weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which could in principle be detected through their collisions with ordinary nuclei in a sensitive target, producing observable low-energy (<100 keV) nuclear recoils. The DarkSide program aims at the WIPMs detection using a liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr-TPC). In this paper we quickly review the DarkSide program focusing in particular on the next generation experiment DarkSide-G2, a 3.6-ton LAr-TPC. The different detector components are described as well as the improvements needed to scale the detector from DarkSide-50 (50 kg LAr-TPC) up to DarkSide-G2. Finally, the preliminary results on background suppression and expected sensitivity are presented.

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Zarur, L., and G. F. Malykhina. "SIMULATION OF GAMMA RAY DETECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF NONCONTACT MULTIPHASE FLOW MEASUREMENT IN OIL WELLS." SOFT MEASUREMENTS AND COMPUTING 2, no. 51 (2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/2618-9976.2022.02.002.

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The interaction of gamma rays with matter is the crucial factor in the detection of these rays. Scintillation detectors respond to gamma rays by producing a small flash of light, or scintillation. The detector crystal is mounted on a photomultiplier tube that converts the scintillation into an electrical pulse which is processed to generate a signal. A class of multiphase flowmeters is based on this principle to measure the different fractions contained in oil well flow. In this paper, different modes of gammaray interactions were described, the statistical distribution for gammaray generation and detection was presented, and a simulation of detection of gammaray passing through a tube containing oil and gas was performed. The simulation led to the generation of data which was analysed and a conclusion was reached that the detected gamma rays have a different statistical distribution than the generated rays due to the gas bubbles' presence and absence in the flow.

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Badawi, Mohamed S., Mona M. Gouda, Ahmed M. El-Khatib, Abouzeid A. Thabet, Ahmed A. Salim, and Mahmoud I. Abbas. "NaI(Tl) Detector Efficiency Computation Using Radioactive Parallelepiped Sources Based on Efficiency Transfer Principle." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/451932.

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The efficiency transfer (ET) principle is considered as a simple numerical simulation method, which can be used to calculate the full-energy peak efficiency (FEPE) of3″×3″NaI(Tl) scintillation detector over a wide energy range. In this work, the calculations of FEPE are based on computing the effective solid angle ratio between a radioactive point and parallelepiped sources located at various distances from the detector surface. Besides, the attenuation of the photon by the source-to-detector system (detector material, detector end cap, and holder material) was considered and determined. This method is straightforwardly useful in setting up the efficiency calibration curve for NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, when no calibration sources exist in volume shape. The values of the efficiency calculations using theoretical method are compared with the measured ones and the results show that the discrepancies in general for all the measurements are found to be less than 6%.

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Chen, Dan Qiang, Guo Hua Cao, Hui Lin Fan, Xue Liang Bao, and Hao Peng Wang. "Research on Detecting Radio Amendatory Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.14.

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Radio amendatory channel is used in command guidance for missile, whose working state has direct influence on the precision of a missile. Therefore, it’s necessary to design a radio frequency detector for cycle detection of radio amendatory channel. After analyzing operating principle of the radio amendatory channel, the paper proposes a detecting program, introduces hardware and software design of radio frequency detector including high frequency receiving module, intermediate frequency receiving module and information processing module. The radio frequency detector has been applied in detecting airborne radio amendatory channel successfully improving support efficiency, and provides a reference for detecting other radio frequency.

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Fu, Xiu Hui, and Lai Bao Xu. "Design of New Metal Detector." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1431.

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Metal detector is used more and more widely in the modern social life, it acquires much attention because of its powerful detection capabilities. This article introduces the design and implementation of an intelligent metal detector which is based on TMS320LF-2407.Adopt giant magneto resistive (GMR) sensor with the type of AA006-02. Describe the hardware component, software design, working principle and main functions of the system in detail. The core of the whole contains the probe design and control circuits. The probe: oscillator circuit is constituted by the 555 timer, it provide the sine wave signal for the coil. The control circuits: the signal which is collect by the GMR sensor is processed by voltage amplifier and filtering circuit, the peak detection circuit and A / D conversion, The signal can accurately reflect the characteristic parameters of the received signal, stability, and can eliminate interference.Practice shows that this metal detector with the method can greatly reduce the malfunction rate on the base of meeting the sensitivity.

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Wang, Jiang, Wei Ping Jing, Yan Jin Li, and Jia Xiong Fang. "A New Readout Circuit for Pyroelectric Detector Based on Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2079.

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For the past few years, Pyroelectric detectors play an increasingly important role in the thermal imaging applications. Recently, scientists discovered that relaxorbased ferroelectric single crystals exhibit extrahigh pyroelectric responses. In this paper, the operation principle of the new Pyroelectric detector is described, the expression of the pyroelectric current is presented. As the pyroelectric detector has two directions of currents, we design a new sampleddata systems and output stage circuit, which provides a solution for uncooled large focal plane arrays devices based on relaxorbased single crystals.

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Liu, Yi Qian, and Qing Jie Meng. "The Design of Intelligence Pipeline Leakage Detector." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.940.

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The Design of intelligence pipeline leakage detector is nondestructive inspection using leakage detection principle to the internal metal defects, corrosion of pipeline.The detector adopts discrete sampling, realizing 12-bits high-speed multichannel-data collection through the FPGA, amount of the data can be up to 1024 road; and store mass data through ARM at the same time, shared data will be uploaded to the computer of control center through the network, the intelligent data analysis system engineering real-time analysis and quantitative identification, judge pipeline safety operation, provides the basis for safe duty time and maintenance cycle.

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Huang, Zhen, Zhaofeng Li, Hui Dong, Fuhua Yang, Wei Yan, and Xiaodong Wang. "Novel Broadband Slot-Spiral Antenna for Terahertz Applications." Photonics 8, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040123.

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We report a novel broadband slot-spiral antenna that can be integrated with high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) terahertz (THz) detectors. The effect of various antenna parameters on the transmission efficiency of the slot-spiral structure at 150–450 GHz is investigated systematically. The performances of the slot-spiral antenna and the spiral antenna both integrated with HEMTs are compared. The results show that the slot-spiral structure has a better transmission and miniaturization capability than the spiral structure. A formula for the responsivity is derived based on the transmission line principle and antenna theory, and results show that the detector responsivity is correlated with the antenna absorptivity. Additionally, guidelines for HEMT THz detector design are proposed. The results of this study indicate the excellent application prospects of the slot-spiral antenna in THz detection and imaging.

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Dobrovolsky, V. N. "Generation of the current normal to the surface of antenna by electromagnetic waves and its application in the high responsive receiver." Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 24, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo24.01.076.

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Generation of the initial current normal to the surface of antenna by electromagnetic waves has been considered. It has been shown that the angle of grazing (or sliding) for the wave with the electric vector in the plane normal to the surface varies the radiation resistance over a wide range. This property allows matching the radiation impedances and loads. Here, it has been proposed to use this property to create a highly- sensitive radiation detector. In relation with this task, a model of the radiation detection of the input radiation signal by a direct quadratic detector in the stationary mode with the diode included as the load has been considered. The obtained results prove that a diode with the high differential resistance can effectively operate with the antenna. The rise of the resistance increases the detector response voltage, its responsivity, and decreases the receiver noise equivalent power. Improvement of these characteristics by orders of magnitude is possible. The considered mechanism allows detectors to operate in the infrared spectral range, and the increase in the wavelength, in principle, does not limit its functioning.

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Sharma, Dr Subhash Kumar, and Dr Shailendra Kumar Srivastava. "An Approach to Biosensors Principle and its Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 2190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41020.

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Abstract: Biosensors are the device in which there is a coupling of biological sensing element with a detector system using a transducer. In comparison with any other currently available diagnostic device, biosensors are much higher in performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity both. Biosensors have found potential applications in the industrial processing and monitoring, environmental pollution control, also in agricultural and food industries. Important features for commercialization of the biosensors are selectivity, sensitivity, stability, reproducibility and low cost. This article reviews the brief history, basic principles, and the various types’ of biosensors available. Keyword: Biosensors, Principle, Types and Application

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