Дисертації з теми "Détection des mouvements physiologiques"
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Serieyssol, Alizée. "Correction des mouvements physiologiques sans appareillage externe en TEP : applications aux acquisitions à faible statistique pour la radioembolisation hépatique et la cardiologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0355.
Повний текст джерелаPositron emission tomography (PET) is an essential imaging modality for diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up in oncology. Physiological motion can degrade image quality and affect the diagnostic accuracy and quantification of PET images. This research program focuses on the detection of physiological motion (respiration and cardiac beating) without the use of an external device for very specific clinical applications. Methods to compensate for these movements will be developed to reconstruct an image corrected for these effects. Two clinical applications have been identified to evaluate the implemented methods. The first concerns hepatic radioembolization based on 90Y PET imaging, which requires the development of methods to detect and correct for respiratory motion for data with very low counting statistics. The second is 18F-FDG cardiac PET imaging, involving the development of a method for the dual detection of respiratory and cardiac movements, as well as methods for compensating for these two physiological movements. The results obtained with the proposed detection methods are compared with those obtained with external devices: a bellow (46-265679G-1, GE HealthCare) for the respiratory signals and an electrocardiogram (ECG) for the cardiac signal. Two correction methods are proposed for hepatic radioembolization and their impact on post-treatment dosimetry was evaluated in comparison with results obtained without the use of correction methods. The first method developed consists in keeping only the quiescent phase of the respiratory cycle, while the second uses all the statistics, proposing a rigid registration between all the respiration phases. Two other methods have been implemented for cardiology, based on the estimation of 3D deformation vectors obtained from cardiac and respiratory triggers calculated with the proposed detection method. The first method estimates these deformation vectors through a rigid registration between the images of each respiratory cycle, while the second method uses the different volumes of the heart. In this method, 3D deformation vectors are calculated by identifying the end diastolic and end systolic volumes. The efficacity of these methods is evaluated by comparing the images obtained using these methods with the non-motion-corrected images, as well as with the image reconstructed with the correction method used in clinical routine on PET/CT cameras (Q.Static algorithm, General Electric HealthCare). The obtained results demonstrate a real improvement in terms of image quality, with better results for cardiological images than those obtained with the correction method used in clinical routine. Dosimetric results obtained with both correction methods for Yttrium-90 data show an increase of the tumor dose
Truong, Charles. "Détection de ruptures multiples – application aux signaux physiologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work addresses the problem of detecting multiple change points in (univariate or multivariate) physiological signals. Well-known examples of such signals include electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), inertial measurements (acceleration, angular velocities, etc.). The objective of this thesis is to provide change point detection algorithms that (i) can handle long signals, (ii) can be applied on a wide range of real-world scenarios, and (iii) can incorporate the knowledge of medical experts. In particular, a greater emphasis is placed on fully automatic procedures which can be used in daily clinical practice. To that end, robust detection methods as well as supervised calibration strategies are described, and a documented open-source Python package is released.The first contribution of this thesis is a sub-optimal change point detection algorithm that can accommodate time complexity constraints while retaining most of the robustness of optimal procedures. This algorithm is sequential and alternates between the two following steps: a change point is estimated then its contribution to the signal is projected out. In the context of mean-shifts, asymptotic consistency of estimated change points is obtained. We prove that this greedy strategy can easily be extended to other types of changes, by using reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Thanks this novel approach, physiological signals can be handled without making assumption of the generative model of the data. Experiments on real-world signals show that those approaches are more accurate than standard sub-optimal algorithms and faster than optimal algorithms.The second contribution of this thesis consists in two supervised algorithms for automatic calibration. Both rely on labeled examples, which in our context, consist in segmented signals. The first approach learns the smoothing parameter for the penalized detection of an unknown number of changes. The second procedure learns a non-parametric transformation of the representation space, that improves detection performance. Both supervised procedures yield finely tuned detection algorithms that are able to replicate the segmentation strategy of an expert. Results show that those supervised algorithms outperform unsupervised algorithms, especially in the case of physiological signals, where the notion of change heavily depends on the physiological phenomenon of interest.All algorithmic contributions of this thesis can be found in ``ruptures'', an open-source Python library, available online. Thoroughly documented, ``ruptures'' also comes with a consistent interface for all methods
Ginhoux, Romuald. "Compensation des mouvements physiologiques en chirurgie robotisée par commande prédictive." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004633.
Повний текст джерелаMandry, Damien. "Analyse et gestion des mouvements physiologiques en IRM thoraco-abdominale." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10096/document.
Повний текст джерелаMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a major medical Imaging technique thanks to high temporal and spatial resolution, as well as to its abilities to distinguish between tissues. On one hand, MRI examinations of thoracic and abdomino-pelvic organs are compromised by the motions induced by circulation and respiration, but on the other hand, MRI is a non-invasive and precise tool to study these displacements. We have shown, in a group of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), that the diaphragmatic course was around 1 to 2cm, as it is in normal subjects. In another study, we have found that motions of the kidney was in the same range in infants and in adults, despite the difference in the size of this organ; this is a major cause of error when performing functional analysis. Managing these motions is based upon breath holding and synchronization, both remaining imperfect. Thus, we showed how an in-lab dual synchronization, both cardiac and respiratory, improved quality of lung images in the patients with CF, and how we managed realizing high quality cardiac cine-MRI using the GRICS algorithm. At last, we discuss the specific difficulties of kinetic imaging of contrast agents through a few studies, and explain the bases of an efficient registration method
Delacourt, Christophe. "Détection et analyse de mouvements de surface par interféromètre différentielle." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GLOB0006.
Повний текст джерелаOtt, Laurent. "Compensation des mouvements physiologiques en endoscopie flexible : application à la chirurgie transluminale." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6233.
Повний текст джерелаTransluminal surgery, also called NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery), consists of accessing the peritoneal cavity by passing through a natural orifice and then to make an opening in an inner wall to accomplish treatments. Conventional flexible endoscopes used nowadays to perform these procedures have a distal bending tip controlled by two navigation wheels located on the handle. They also provide a visual feedback from an optical system (CCD camera) embedded at the tip of the endoscope. These tools are quite awkward for the surgeons as the control interface is non intuitive and the visibility is poor. In order to supply a robotic assistance to the praticians during flexible endoscopy interventions, we have developed an automated positioning system of the endoscope tip. The objective is to realize a virtual link between the tip of the endoscope and an anatomical target despite the physiological motions, the interaction of the instruments with the environment and the manually controlled forward/backward motion of the endoscope. The pratician can thereby focus on the manipulation of the endoscopic tools while the bending section compensate the occurring disturbances. The virtual link between the tip and the anatomical target is performed using a 2D visual servoing scheme in association with the selection of relevant visual features
Picot, Antoine. "Détection d'hypovigilance chez le conducteur par fusion d'informations physiologiques et vidéo." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0087.
Повний текст джерелаDrowsiness is the transition between the awake state and sleep where one's abilities to observe and analyse are strongly reduced. So, drowsiness is responsible for a huge number of road accidents. A drowsiness detection system is presented in this PhD. This system uses both driver's brain activity (through electroencephalogram or EEG) and driver's video analysis to detect drowsiness. A non-supervised method using a single EEG channel is first proposed. Several techniques of diagnostic and signal processing are used in this method. The method obtains good results on a large number of different drivers without tuning any parameters. Drowsiness visual indicatiors have also been studied thanks to a video analysis. The proposed video analysis has been compared to the traditional electro-oculogram (EOG) approach to study the relevance of the video analysis. This comparison highlights the need of a high frame rate camera (which frame rate can reach 200fps) for blinks characterisation. This study leads to drowsiness detection system based on blinks video characterisation. Both EEG and video methods are at last been merged using fuzzy logic to obtain a 2-levels drowsiness detection system. All these methods have been tested and validated on a consistent database of twenty different drivers which was evaluated by a specialist doctor
Picot, Antoine. "Détection d'hypovigilance chez le conducteur par fusion d'informations physiologiques et vidéo." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440959.
Повний текст джерелаGuerra, Rui Felblinger Jacques. "Intégration des mouvements physiologiques en tomodensitométrie estimation, reproduction et influence en imagerie cardiaque /." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_GUERRA_R.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGuerra, Rui. "Intégration des mouvements physiologiques en tomodensitométrie : estimation, reproduction et influence en imagerie cardiaque." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL003N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe new idea presented in this work takes into account patient motion in the acquisition and reconstruction processes. For this work, the complete acquisition system has been developed in order to reproduce physiologic motion, analyse their effect and propose correction methods to reduce image artefacts. A new methodology based on Doppler Tissue Imaging was used to find the motion in three dimensions of several coronary artery segments. Based on these data, optimal temporal windows were defined for reconstruction and an analysis of the ideal temporal window in the heart cycle was proposed. Both motion models were then used the control of a motion platform and as input for computer simulations. A first analysis carried on coronary calcification showed the influence of respiratory motion. Estimation and correction of motions were then performed on CT raw data and simulated motion. This works shows that it is necessary to include motion in the acquisition/reconstruction algorithms in CT
Guerra, Rui. "Intégration des mouvements physiologiques en tomodensitométrie : estimation, reproduction et influence en imagerie cardiaque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL003N.
Повний текст джерелаThe new idea presented in this work takes into account patient motion in the acquisition and reconstruction processes. For this work, the complete acquisition system has been developed in order to reproduce physiologic motion, analyse their effect and propose correction methods to reduce image artefacts. A new methodology based on Doppler Tissue Imaging was used to find the motion in three dimensions of several coronary artery segments. Based on these data, optimal temporal windows were defined for reconstruction and an analysis of the ideal temporal window in the heart cycle was proposed. Both motion models were then used the control of a motion platform and as input for computer simulations. A first analysis carried on coronary calcification showed the influence of respiratory motion. Estimation and correction of motions were then performed on CT raw data and simulated motion. This works shows that it is necessary to include motion in the acquisition/reconstruction algorithms in CT
Kammoun, Imen. "Modélisation et détection de ruptures des signaux physiologiques issus de compétitions d'endurance." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200441.
Повний текст джерелаSahki, Nassim. "Méthodologie data-driven de détection séquentielle de ruptures pour des signaux physiologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0185.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals the problem of change-point detection in the sequential framework where the signal is assumed to be observed in real time and the phenomenon changes from its "normal" starting state to an "abnormal" post-change state. The challenge of sequential detection is to minimize the detection delay, subject to a tolerable false alarm limit. The idea is to sequentially test for the existence of a change-point by recursively writing the detection statistic as a function of the score, which replaces the Log-Likelihood Ratio when the data distribution is unknown. The detection procedure is thus based on a recursive statistic, a detection threshold and a stopping rule. In a first work, we consider the score-CUSUM statistic and propose to evaluate the detection performance of some detection thresholds. Two thresholds come from the literature, and three new thresholds are constructed by a method based on simulation: the first is constant, the second instantaneous and the third is a dynamic "data-driven" version of the previous one. We rigorously define each of the thresholds by highlighting the different notions of the controlled false alarm risk according to the threshold. Moreover, we propose a new corrected stopping rule to reduce the false alarm rate. We then perform a simulation study to compare the different thresholds and evaluate the corrected stopping rule. We find that the conditional empirical threshold is the best to minimize the detection delay while maintaining the tolerated risk of false alarms. However, on real data, we recommend using the data-driven threshold as it is the easiest to build and use for practical implementation. In the second part, we apply our data-driven detection methodology to physiological signals, namely temporal signals recorded at the level of the upper trapezium beam of 30 subjects performing different office activities. The methodology is subject-activity dependent; it includes the on-line estimation of the signal parameters and the construction of the data-driven threshold on the start of the signal of each activity of each subject. The objective was to identify regime changes during an activity in order to assess the level of muscle solicitation and EMG signal variability, which are associated with muscle fatigue. The results obtained confirmed the ease of our methodology and the performance and practicality of the proposed data-driven threshold. Subsequently, the results allowed the characterization of each type of activity using mixed models
Mostafaoui, Ghilès. "Détection de mouvements et suivi de personnes dans les séquences d'images couleurs." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066446.
Повний текст джерелаMazari, Belahcene. "Etude et réalisation d'une détection de mouvements oculaires à partir d'une bobine exploratrice." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES038.
Повний текст джерелаLegros, Alexandre. "Effets d'un champ magnétique d'extrêmement basse fréquence sur les micro-mouvements segmentaires humains." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON14002.
Повний текст джерелаMaupas, Hubert. "Développement d'immunocapteurs impédimétriques et de microcapteurs enzymatiques pour la détection d'espèces dans des milieux physiologiques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0021.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part deals with the development of immunological sensors for the detection of alphafetoprotein in serum. They are based on an electrical measurement related to the variation of the total electrochemical impedance inducted by the antigen-antibody interaction in a sensitive membrane containing anti-alphafetoprotein. The supports used were Si/SiO2 heterostructures and platinum electrodes. The second part is made of two studies dealing with enzymatic biosensors. The first of them deals with the removal of the influence of buffer concentration on the response of enzyme field effect transistors (ENFET) by using additional membranes. The second study deals with the measurement of creatinine in physiological samples. The microcalorimetric and the amperometric approaches are compared
Baril, Nathalie. "RMN dans un gradient d'induction oscillante : de l'imagerie de surface à la détection de mouvements." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12570.
Повний текст джерелаVeit, Thomas. "Détection et analyse de mouvements dans des séquences d'images par une approche probabiliste a contrario." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S096.
Повний текст джерелаOdille, Freddy. "Imagerie adaptative en IRM : utilisation des informations de mouvements physiologiques pour l’optimisation des processus d’acquisition et de reconstruction." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10107/document.
Повний текст джерелаMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relatively slow imaging technique. In the context of cardiac and abdominal imaging, patient motion is a major impediment that disturbs the spatial encoding process needed to form an image. Motion results in image deteriorations, called artifacts. These artifacts can take complex forms as this encoding occurs in an unusual space (Fourier/coil sensitivity hybrid space). Generally the patient is asked for a breathhold in order to minimize the influence of respiration, and the acquisition is synchronized to the electrocardiogram in order to handle cardiac contraction. These methods are imperfect and not always applicable, and therefore alternative approaches are desirable. We propose to integrate prior knowledge in the acquisition and reconstruction processes, based on a specially designed platform, developed to acquire and analyze physiological data during the MRI examination. Various solutions are investigated to implement this adaptive imaging, with special care to the correction of motion induced spatial encoding errors. For that purpose, we build a predictive model that allows elastic displacement fields in the field of view to be predicted, from linear combinations of signals provided by the platform. Then we define a generalized reconstruction framework in which predicted displacement data are included, leading to the reconstruction of a motion-compensated image. The hypotheses are analyzed, and the predictive model, as well as the proposed reconstruction methods, are validated on real cardiac and abdominal data from healthy volunteers, in 2D and 3D free breathing scans
Odille, Freddy Felblinger Jacques. "Imagerie adaptative en IRM utilisation des informations de mouvements physiologiques pour l'optimisation des processus d'acquisition et de reconstruction /." Nancy : Université de Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0107_ODILLE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGaetani, Robin Andréa. "Techniques de mesure à distance par laser de facteurs physiologiques chez les plantes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0122.
Повний текст джерелаProliferation of agricultural pests is the main reason for phytosanitary treatment utilization. A growing number of studies showed its negative impact on both environment and health. Hence, the transition to sustainable agriculture has started. Therefore, the early plant disease detection is promising for reducing their utilization. Going further, the early detection of the necessary conditions for disease development is even better. Crytogamic diseases usually need water to proliferate like mildew in vineyards. Thus, a tool for wetting monitoring can help farmers to get ahead of diseases and avoid their propagation. Contrary to existing locally-measured wetting sensors in the market today, a laser-based tool could allow fast and global measurements in a compact form factor. In this context, such a prototype has been developed, using the Heiligenschein phenomenon, which consists in bright light seen when looking at illuminated drop-covered surfaces. First of all, the prototype has been tested in controlled conditions where a cooling plate was used for dew creation. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic leaves were used in order to cover the extreme cases possible in vegetation. At the end, by analyzing the return signal and comparing it to a commercial wetting sensor, the prototype successfully detected water with a better sensitivity. Ray-tracing simulations were carried out in order to link the signal to the 2D drop surface coverage ratio (GAETANI et al., 2023). In addition, to make the prototype more versatile depending on the situation, a second method has been developed. Based on a combination of artificial intelligence algorithms and image data (raw data or Fourier coefficients), this method can achieve 99% accuracy in detecting the state of wetness. The advantage of this method is that it can be used with a single image to determine the leaf wetness state. Finally, this prototype has been adapted for wetness detection in field conditions. Leaf wetness detection was confirmed during a rain event. In this way, the accuracy achieved in field experiments opens up new perspectives on the leaf wetness detection
Maalouf, Rita. "Conception élaboration et caractérisation de biocapteurs pour la détection de neurotransmetteurs et de bactéries dans les milieux physiologiques." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10237.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the elaboration and the characterization of two types of biosensors : (i) DLC electrodes were compared to glassy carbon for biosensors design. As DLC presents the weaker sensitivity, a glutamate biosensor based on Nafion® and a methyl viologen modified glassy carbon electrode was elaborated. The amperometric and impedimetric measurements allow parameters optimization and biosensor characterization, mainly its specificity. (ii) A biosensor for bacteria detection based on SAMs is studied. Bacteria detection by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was compared to the detection by surface plasmon resonance and to the western blot test. The surface topography was analysed by AFM. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy seems to be appropriate for bacteria detection since 10 CFU/ml were detected
Chanel, Laure-Anaïs. "Assistance à la thérapie par ultrasons focalisés de haute intensité (HIFU) : compensation des mouvements physiologiques par asservissement sur images ultrasonores." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD003/document.
Повний текст джерелаHigh Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy is a non-invasive and non-ionizing method for ablation of solid tumors. However, intra-abdominal organ motion, mainly due to breathing, is a major hurdle for proper targeting of the tumor. In this context, an all-in-one HIFU robotized system with motion compensation in real-time during HIFU treatment was developed. To this aim, an ultrasound visual servoing working at a frequency of 20 Hz, relying on a fast ultrasonic speckle tracking method for motion estimation, was designed. It uses an interleaved imaging/HIFU sonication sequence, with duty cycle of 80 %, in order to avoid wave interferences. The robotized HIFU system was tested on a tissue mimicking phantom undergoing a 1D and a 2D sinusoidal motion. As a result, motion reduction of more than 80 % in 1D for a frequency of 0.25 Hz and more than 90 % in 2D for a frequency of 0.1 Hz was obtained. However, it couldn't be observed a significant effect of motion compensation on the lesions induced by HIFU
Nel, François. "Suivi de mouvements informationnels : construction, modélisation et simulation de graphes de citations, application à la détection de buzz." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066541.
Повний текст джерелаKoné, Chaka. "Architecture logicielle et matérielle d'un système de détection des émotions utilisant les signaux physiologiques. Application à la mnémothérapie musicale." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work is part of the field of affective computing and more specifically artificial intelligence and architectural exploration. The goal of this work is to design a complete system of emotions detection using physiological signals. This work is therefore situated at the intersection of computer science for the definition of algorithm of detection of emotions and electronics for the development of an architecture exploration methodology for the design of sensor nodes. At first, algorithms for multimodal and instantaneous detection of emotions were defined. Two algorithms of classification KNN then SVM, were implemented and made it possible to obtain a recognition rate of the emotions higher than 80%. To design such a battery-powered system, an analytical model for estimating the power consumption at high level of abstraction has been proposed and validated on a real platform. To consider user constraints, a connected object architecture design and simulation tool for health has been developed, allowing the performance of systems to be evaluated prior to their design. Then, we used this tool to propose a hardware/software architecture for the collection and the processing of the data satisfying the architectural and applicative constraints. With this architecture, experiments have been conducted for musical Mnemotherapy. EMOTICA is a complete system for emotions detection using physiological signals satisfying the constraints of architecture, application and user
Kihl, Olivier. "Modélisations polynomiales hiérarchisées applications à l'analyse de mouvements complexes." Poitiers, 2012. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/25242/2012-Kihl-Olivier-These.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PhD thesis, we suggest a method which models every kind of movement with orthogonal polynomials basis. The main goal is to propose a hierarchical modeling of vector fields suitable for all types of fields. We study different space partitioning methods, including regular grids, quadtree and Voronoi diagrams, in order to take into account the local complexity of the field in order to refine modeling. We obtain qualitative results showing the benefit of this method. In addition, we propose a procedure for generating polynomial bases to model sparse fields. We apply this modeling approach in two contexts. The detection of singular points in the motion fields and the recognition of human movements. Both applications allow us to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, since we obtain similar results to the most effective methods of literature
Kim, Hae-Kwang. "Détection automatique des mouvements de caméra et des régions de textes pour la structuration et l'indexation de documents audiovisuels." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30020.
Повний текст джерелаCorbillé, Anne-Gaëlle. "Détection et caractérisation de l'α-synucléine dans le système nerveux entérique en conditions physiologiques et dans la maladie de Parkinson". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT1010/document.
Повний текст джерелаParkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the presence of inclusions of α-synuclein (α- syn) aggregates, termed Lewy bodies, in surviving neurons. Patients may also exhibit various non-motor symptoms, such as constipation, which occur several years before the onset of motor symptoms. The discovery that the enteric nervous system (ENS) is frequently affected by Lewy pathology has led to consider the digestive tissue as a potential source for a specific PD biomarker and even to suggest that the pathological process (pathogenic α-syn) could be initiated in the gut and be propagated to central nervous system by a prion-like mechanism. The aim of my thesis was therefore (i) to optimize the detection of α-syn in the digestive tract in both physiological and pathological conditions and (ii) to compare the properties of α-syn enteric and nervous system central. In the first part, we showed that immunohistochemical methods (IHC) to detect α-syn in paraffin embedded gastrointestinal tissue were limited by some technical challenges, but when using full thickness colonic sample they allow to detect with high accuracy pathological α-syn. In the second part, using biochemical approach, we have shown that α-syn native enteric may not have the same tendency to assemble itself as in brain and its expression level was not changed in Parkinson's disease. Our results are promising for the development of enteric histological biomarkers of PD and suggest a different propensity between the enteric and brain α-syn to become pathological. Key
Brodovitch, Alexandre. "Détection et première analyse d'antigènes par les lymphocytes T." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4050/document.
Повний текст джерелаT lymphocytes need to efficiently probe a large number of antigen-presenting cell (APC) in order to detect an agonist antigen and to initiate an effective immune response. Therefore, engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) by peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) is a highly sensitive and rapid process. While signaling pathways downstream the TCR are extensively studied, little is known about antigen discrimination kinetic and initial T-cell response.Model planar surfaces coated with TCR ligand allowed us to study cellular events initiated by antigen detection. Using TIRFM (total internal reflexion microscopy) and IRM (interference reflexion microscopy) we showed that T-cell initial contacts with the surface were mediated by mobile microvilli. TCR engagement triggers a pulling motion of T cell surface microvilli within seconds. Active microvilli movements are dependent on PLC-γ1 activation and on the presence of myosins (IIA, Ic and Ig) as well as cofilin and ezrin. After this extracellular environment probing period, TCR stimulation triggered a rapid and active cell spreading. Cell spreading amplitude and speed reflect the ligand activating efficacity. In less than 5 minutes pMHC with different biophysical properties were discriminated by T-cells and triggered a first specific cellular response
Lebègue, Nathalie. "Radicaux libres dérivés de l'oxygène et antioxydants : méthodes de détection, approche biologique et environnementale." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P109.
Повний текст джерелаOudet, Jean-Philippe. "Architecture distribuée pour la détection d'activité dans un Espace Intelligent." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1634.
Повний текст джерелаWillemaire, Sandrine. "Le monoxyde d'azote au niveau du système nerveux central : mise au point d'une méthode de détection par voltamétrie." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P203.
Повний текст джерелаCrepin, Roxane. "Système de détection de mouvements complexes de la main à partir des signaux EMG, pour le contrôle d'une prothèse myoélectrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33033.
Повний текст джерелаTechnological advances in biomedical engineering worldwide enable the development of automated and patient-friendly systems, aiming at providing the severely disabled a better comfort of life. Intelligent prostheses based on myoelectric activity allow amputees to intuitively interact with their environment and perform daily life activities. Electrodes placed on the surface of the skin, and dedicated embedded electronics allow to collect muscle signals and translate them into commands to drive a prosthesis actuators. Increasing performance while decreasing the cost of surface electromyography (sEMG) prostheses is an important milestone in rehabilitation engineering. The prosthetic hands that are currently available to patients worldwide would benefit from more effective and intuitive control. This memoir presents a real-time approach to classify finger motions based on sEMG signals. A multichannel signal acquisition platform of our design is used to record forearm sEMG signals from 7 channels. sEMG pattern classification is performed in real time, using a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) approach. Thirteen hand motions can be successfully identified with an accuracy of up to 95.8% and of 92.7% on average for 8 participants, with an updated prediction every 192 ms. The approach wanted to be adapted to create an embedded system opening great opportunities for the development of lightweight, inexpensive and more intuitive electromyographic hand prostheses.
Beaudoin-Gagnon, Nicolas. "Entraînement d'un modèle supervisé pour la détection du plaisir en contexte de jeu vidéo à partir de signaux physiologiques et d'indices comportementaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66324.
Повний текст джерелаModeling the gaming experience is of considerable interest for designing adaptive video games. Adaptive video games use the emotional information contained in physiological signals and behavioral cues to personalize the video game experience,in order to generate an optimal gaming experience. With the purpose of modeling the gaming experience, this research project has focused on the detection of a player’s fun using physiological signals (electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity, respiratory activity and electromyogram) and behavioral cues (facial expressions,head movements and facial expressions and inputs from an Xbox controller). In this work, supervised machine learning models (SVM, Random Forest and kNN) were trained on a dataset built from the FUNii database, which contains the physiobehavioral data of 219 players spread over 362 game sessions of the Assassin’s Creed franchise. A method for creating fun classes from the fun factor, a tool for continuous annotation of fun, has also been proposed. The best model trained allowed to distinguish three classes of pleasure with an accuracy of 53, 5% on a test dataset, an improvement of 12, 5% compared to the best result obtained in previous works.
Rezzoug, Khadidja. "Caractérisation électrique du quaternaire (Ga0. 47 In0. 53 As)1-x (Al0. 48 In0. 52 As)x (x=30%) et application au transistor HFET pour la photo détection a 1,3-1. 55 mu m." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0054.
Повний текст джерелаField effect transistors with isolated gate (HFET) including a GaAllnAs channel are particularly adapted to the noise pre-amplification for photo-detection in the 1. 3-1. 55μm range. The principal goal of this study is to characterize electrically active defects present in AlInAs and GaAlInAs; two materials which constitute the barrier and the channel of the transistor. The comprehension of the conduction mechanism in Schottky metal/ AlInAs/GaAlInAs diodes allowed us for the first time to determine the values of the discontinuity bands between these two semiconductors. Using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS), we have detected several levels in thick layers of AlInAs (El, E2, E3, E4) and GaAlInAs (Q3, Q4) which we attributed to growth conditions. We have studied also their effects on HFET transistor. Theo, by Current Transient Spectroscopy (CTS) applied to HFET's with different length gates we detected two deep levels Tl and T2 in addition to those revealed by DLTS. We attribute these levels to the technological processes during the realization of the transistors. Finally, we have established the role of these two defects, present in the channel, on the noise performance of the transistor
MOHAMAD, YUSOFF Norhasliza. "Détection visuelle et cognitive de la distraction en situation de conduite par signal EEG." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0051.
Повний текст джерелаDriving distraction shift the attention away from safe driving towards a competing task. Dual task paradigm defines distraction in terms of excessive workload and limited attentional resources. To fill the gap in driver’s safety research, the thesis aims to uncover the mechanics of detecting visual cognitive distraction by using physiological signals. There are 2 sets of experiments conducted with 18 participants. The first experiment with 10 participants aims at evaluating the effects of distraction and synchronising EEG signals. For statistical analysis, Shapiro Wilk test and two-way ANOVA have been used. The results state that the two visual cognitive distraction tasks are performed sequentially and reaction time is affected by the switch. For the second experiment with 8 participants, an integrated system has been created in C++, which involves a 4-wall CAVE system, a driving simulator using SCANeR simulation software, a simple EEG headset with 20 channels (Enobio 20), SMI Eye tracker, BeGaze software. As qualitative methods, SSQ and NASA TLX have been used to evaluate user feedback. As quantitative methods, maths equations, eye movements, EEG signals, and driving performance have been used. For data analysis, Matlab and SPSS and for statistical analysis, Shapiro Wilk test and one-way ANOVA have been used. The results indicate that experiment demands mental capacity, rather than physical capacity. Delta band frequencies in frontal lobe of EEG signals do not have a significant impact on discriminating between driving and distraction, but delta and theta band at central and parietal do. The results also revealed that theta and alpha band frequencies are indeed an important features in both experiments. In a task where subject can control when they are engaging towards the secondary task, beta band showed its statistical importance being the only one able to discriminate up to different level of cognitive tasks. The most striking similarity between both experiments were, some of the statistically significant features are overlapped between brain regions. A comparative analysis of machine learning techniques (SVMs vs Random Forests) in selecting relevant features of EEG signals, referring to the coherence values, has also been conducted. Results indicate that although in general random forests perform better than SVM classifier, F1-score for SVM demonstrates the highest scores (0.90)
Sharabaty, Hassan. "Diagnostic de la somnolence d'un opérateur : analyse automatique de signaux physiologiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00197161.
Повний текст джерелаRanta, Radu. "Traitement et analyse de signaux sonores physiologiques : application à la phonoentérographie." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005906.
Повний текст джерелаMoullé, Valentine. "Détection centrale des lipides et contrôle nerveux de l'homéostasie énergétique : importance de l'hydrolyse des triglycérides par la lipoprotéine lipase ou du transport des acides gras par Fat/CD36." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077127.
Повний текст джерелаAmong nutrients, we were interested in the role of lipids on hypothalamus. It exist some neuronal populations within the hypothalamus which can detect and be regulated by fatty acids (FA). Two proteins were studied : lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and CD36. Results show that a 30% decrease of hypothalamic LPL activity im mice LPL VMH ~7~ induce two opposite phenotypes : 50% of mice have a body weight gain less important than control (-5%) without food intake modification ; 50% of mice are extremely obese with a decrease of food intake. All mice present a locomotor activity decrease. In rat infused 10 min with a heparinized-lipid emulsion (ILH) in the carotid artery toward brain, food intake is significantly decreased until 5h after infusion (-71%) compared to control group. Insulin sensitivity is also strongly decreased. The effect on food intake depends on the FA entry into cells via CD36 and their acylation by Acyl-coA synthase. This thesis work shows for the first time 1- the importance of hypothalamic TG hydrolysis by LPL on nervous control of energy homeostasis and 2- to better understand the central FA detection by CD36
Kribeche, Ali. "Détection et analyse des signaux ultrasonores d'un dispositif Doppler multi-capteurs pour le suivi de l'activité foetale." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR3303.
Повний текст джерелаThis study consists in processing the signals provided by 12 ultrasonic sensors placed on the maternal belly and connected to a multichannel pulsed Doppler unit. Each sensor detects the Doppler signals produced by moving fetal structures from 5 successive depths in the maternal uterus. This study consists in processing the signals provided by 12 ultrasonic sensors placed on the maternal belly and connected to a multichannel pulsed Doppler unit. Each sensor detects the Doppler signals produced by moving fetal structures from 5 successive depths in the maternal uterus. The principal objective of the project was to extract the parameters reflecting the fetal activity (fetal heart rate and pseudo respiratory, movements of the members and the trunk, response to stimuli. . . ) for the monitoring and the follow-up of the pregnancies. The largest part of work was then devoted to the development and to the validation of the signal processing strategies of the recorded data. These recordings allowed us to demonstrate the quality of the Doppler signals of fetal activity provided by the Actifoetus system, and to validate the use of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and of the Autocorrelation Function (ACF) to detect the cardiac activity and the movements of the fetus
Chevrot, Michaël. "Impact de l'obésité sur la détection oro-sensorielle des lipides alimentaires chez la souris et chez l'Homme." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967824.
Повний текст джерелаCheikh, Khalfa Nadia. "Détection de ruptures de signaux physiologiques en situation in vivo via la méthode FDpV : cas de la fréquence cardiaque et de l'activité électrodermale de marathoniens." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066653/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis was carried out in a multidisciplinary approach that combines experimental protocol, instrumentation, in vivo measurements, physiological change detection instants and identification and preprocessing of measurement artefacts for marathon runners. We considered the analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) and the electrodermal activity (EDA) recorded during a semi-marathon including pre and post competition periods. A study of the HRV and EDA change detection was carried based on the mean and the trend using the Filtered Derivative with pValue method (FDpV) throughout this thesis. This segmentation method is based on a dynamical approach using a piece-wise stationary model. As a result, itallowed to introduce an index of cardiac regulation for semi-marathon runners. Physiological state changes tracking of affective dimension i.e. "stress" and motivation via the EDA by change detection on its tonic component which reflects the EDA general trend throughout a semi-marathon was also proposed. This enabled us to characterize start and finish phases of a race which are key elements in any competition. A special attention was given to the tonic component of the EDA reflecting the overall level of affective activation. We compared three methods of tonic level extraction by taking into account the present potential artefacts. Thiswork focused on case studies; It can be generalized over a cohort and include more physiological parameters such that VO2 or EEG. Hence, a classification of stress states may also be considered and represent other significant features for characterizing in vivo physiological data for sport performance optimization
Cheikh, Khalfa Nadia. "Détection de ruptures de signaux physiologiques en situation in vivo via la méthode FDpV : cas de la fréquence cardiaque et de l'activité électrodermale de marathoniens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066653.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis was carried out in a multidisciplinary approach that combines experimental protocol, instrumentation, in vivo measurements, physiological change detection instants and identification and preprocessing of measurement artefacts for marathon runners. We considered the analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) and the electrodermal activity (EDA) recorded during a semi-marathon including pre and post competition periods. A study of the HRV and EDA change detection was carried based on the mean and the trend using the Filtered Derivative with pValue method (FDpV) throughout this thesis. This segmentation method is based on a dynamical approach using a piece-wise stationary model. As a result, itallowed to introduce an index of cardiac regulation for semi-marathon runners. Physiological state changes tracking of affective dimension i.e. "stress" and motivation via the EDA by change detection on its tonic component which reflects the EDA general trend throughout a semi-marathon was also proposed. This enabled us to characterize start and finish phases of a race which are key elements in any competition. A special attention was given to the tonic component of the EDA reflecting the overall level of affective activation. We compared three methods of tonic level extraction by taking into account the present potential artefacts. Thiswork focused on case studies; It can be generalized over a cohort and include more physiological parameters such that VO2 or EEG. Hence, a classification of stress states may also be considered and represent other significant features for characterizing in vivo physiological data for sport performance optimization
Carminati, Lionel. "Détection et suivi d'objets dans les scènes animées : application à la vidéo surveillance." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13190.
Повний текст джерелаPompanon, Charles. "De la perception à l'action : modélisation et simulation de la détection de conflit sur radar chez les contrôleurs aériens "en-route" dans l'architecture cognitive ACT-R." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20016.
Повний текст джерелаOur first goal was to enhance our understanding of air traffic controllers cognitive processes involved in a conflict detection task. Our second goal was to implement these processes in the ACT-R 6 cognitive architecture. Firstly, our approach focused on the perceptive aspect of conflict detection. Results issued from three experiments with 799 participants led us to describe a perceptive bias, named ‘’innershoot’’, and several perceptual strategies involved in this task. Innershoot predicts that the crossing point of two convergent trajectories tend to be underestimated. In others words, the intersection point is perceived before its actual position. This bias will be taken into account in our computational model. Secondly, three models of conflict detection decision making (Niessen et al. , 1998 ; Rantanen et Nunes, 2005, Raufaste 2006) have been compared using eye-tracking data. Thirty experienced air traffic controllers had to either decide if two aircraft were in conflict or either estimate if they should intervene in such a situation. Results showed that none of the three models could fully account for the data. These results led us to produce a new model of hierarchical decision-making. Our model was implemented and simulated in the cognitive architecture ACT-R 6. Data issued from our model simulations were challenged by data obtained by human controllers. Results supported the model's validity both on performance and cognitive processes involved in conflict detection
Contreras-Senfaute, Gloria. "La surveillance microsismique de l'exploitation souterraine du charbon aux Houillières de Provence : contribution à la détection des risques de coups de terrains par écoute microsismique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL099N.
Повний текст джерелаAt the Provence Colliery, the remote microseismic monitoring used for the prevention of dynamic phenomena is an integral part of strategy for exploring zones. This study consists in characterization and understanding of seismic events induced by mining works in order to obtain microseismic criterion of zones where there are risks of violent instability. This report is divided in two maining parts : the research of optimal methods for calculation of the precise location, the energy release and magnitude of microseismic events ; the characterization of microseismic activity as the function of environment and the research of microseismic risk criterion. This study led to the following results : the hypocentre location showed coherent correlations with change in stress state of the mining exploitation environment, the microseismic activity is greatly correlated with the geometry of the exploitation, the application of some prediction statistical technics allowed to identify dangerous periods. This study permited us to understand the behaviour of microseismic activity and to open new perpectives in the research of risk microseismic criterion
Denoulet, Julien. "Architectures massivement parallèles de systèmes sur circuits (SoC) pour le traitement de flux vidéos." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112223.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis describes the evolution of the associative mesh, a massively parallel simd architecture dedicated to image processing. This design is drawn from a theoretical model called associative nets, which implements a large number of image processing algorithms in an efficient way. In the prospect of a system on chip (soc) implementation of the associative mesh, this study presents the various possibilities of evolution for this architecture, and evaluates their consequences in terms of hardware costs and algorithmic performances. We show that a reorganisation of the structure based on the virtualisation of its elementary processors allows to reduce the design's area in substantial proportions, and opens new prospects in terms of calculation or memory management. Using an evaluation environment based on a programming library of associative nets and a parameterized description of the architecture using the system c language, we show that a virtualised associative mesh achieves real-time treatments for a great number of algorithms: low-level operations such as convolution filters, statistical statistical algorithms or mathematical morphology, and more complex treatments such as a split & merge segmentation, watershed segmentation, and motion detection using markovian relaxation
Doyen, Matthieu. "Méthodes probabilistes pour le monitoring cardio-respiratoire des nouveau-nés prématurés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S049/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe surveillance of premature newborns placed in intensive care units led to the notion of monitoring and the acquisition of many physiological signals. While this information is well used for the diagnosis and prevention of emergency situations, it must be acknowledged that, to date, it is less the case for predictive purposes. This is mainly due to the difficulty of extracting reliable information in real time, without any visual control, from non-stationary signals. This thesis aims to propose robust methods, adapted to the context of neonatal intensive care units and real time. For this purpose, a set of generic methods applied to cardiac variability, but capable of being adapted to other physiological constants such as respiration, have been developed and tested in clinical context. Four main parts illustrate these points : - The proposal of an original multicharacteristic probabilistic real time detection method for robust detection of interest events of noisy physiological signals. Generic, this solution is applied to the robust QRS complex detection of the ECG signals. It is based on the real time calculation of several posterior probabilities of the signal properties before merging them into a decision node using the weighted Kullback-Leibler divergence. Compared to two classic methods from the literature on two noisy databases, it has a lower detection error rate (20.91% vs. 29.02% (wavelets) and 33.08% (Pan-Tompkins) on the test database). - The proposal of using hidden semi-markovian models for the segmentation of temporal periods with most reliable event detections. Compared to two methods from the literature, the proposed solution achieves better performance, the error criterion obtained is significantly lower (between -21.37% and -74.98% depending on the basis and approach evaluated). - The selection of an optimal detector for the monitoring of apnea-bradycardia events, in terms of reliability and precocity, based on ECG data obtained from newborns. The performance of the selected detector will be compared to the alarms generated by an industrial continuous monitoring device traditionally used in neonatology service (Philips IntelliVue monitor). The method based on the abrupt change of the RR average achieves the best results in terms of time (3.99 s vs. 11.53 s for the IntelliVue monitor) and reliability (error criterion of 43.60% vs. 80.40%). - The design and development of SYNaPSE (SYstem for Noninvasive Physiological Signal Explorations) software platform for the acquisition of various physiological signals in large quantities, and in a non-invasive way, within the care units. The modular design of this platform, as well as its real time properties, allows simple and fast integration of complex signal processing methods. Its translational interest is shown in the analysis of a database in order to study the impact of bilirubin on cardiac variability
Brazey, Denis. "Reconnaissance de formes et suivi de mouvements en 4D temps-réel : Restauration de cartes de profondeur." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAM0019.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation, we are interested in several issues related to 3D data processing. The first one concerns people detection and tracking in depth map sequences. We propose an improvement of an existing method based on a segmentation stage followed by a tracking module. The second issue is head detection and modelling in 3D point clouds. In order to do this, we adopt a probabilistic approach based on a new spherical mixture model. The last considered application deals with the restoration of deteriorated depth maps. To solve this problem, we propose to use a surface approximation method based on interpolation Dm-splines with scale transforms to approximate and restore the image. Presented results illustrate the efficiency of the developed algorithms