Готові списки джерел за темами / Details of blind holes

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Details of blind holes"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Details of blind holes"

Wang, Jing, Miao Wu, and Chengqiang Cui. "Factors governing filling of blind via and through hole in electroplating." Circuit World 40, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-05-2014-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a clear picture of the key factors of blind via and through hole filling in electroplating, e.g. shape of via or hole, electroplating solution, process, as well as the developments of mechanisms and models. Design/methodology/approach – First, the paper details the development trends and challenges of via filling. Then the research status of mechanisms, electroplating solutions, including base solution and additives, numerical model and mass transfer is described. Finally, through hole filling is briefly reviewed. Findings – To achieve excellent via filling performance, the characteristics of the via or hole, the ratio of acid/copper, selection of additives and factors of mass transfer are comprehensively considered in terms of optimization of the electroplating process. It is beneficial to design vias with appropriate aspect ratios, to strengthen the adsorption of the accelerator in the via bottom, to inhibit the increase of surface copper thickness and to form butterfly-shaped copper in the centre of through holes. Optimized process parameters should be taken into consideration in superfilling. Originality/value – The paper reviews different sets of additives, mechanisms and superfilling models for state-of-the-art via filling and the developments of filling for through holes.

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Kuo, Kei Lin. "A Study on Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Tapping of Titanium." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.218.

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Tapping is a technique commonly employed to make internal threads in the fastening industry. However, sudden breakage of tool bits is the most undesirable event often encountered during thread tapping. In particular, this can most readily occur when making internal threads in blind-holes, especially holes smaller than M6. As such, any effort to prolong the life of the tap is both necessary as well as urgent. The present study tried to use the high frequency vibration generated by a piezoelectric actuator to make threads for the titanium alloy. The thread tapping process was analyzed in detail, involving the Taguchi experimentation method, in which an orthogonal array table, L3(34),was employed to design the experimental runs for use in this study. The effects of interacting processing parameters including the frequency of vibration, vibration amplitude, spindle revolution speed and cutting fluid used on the performance of the tapping process were examined. The result was compared with no ultrasonic-assisted tapping.

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Ni, Shiming, Fengyun Guo, Dongbo Wang, Shujie Jiao, Jinzhong Wang, Yong Zhang, Bao Wang, and Liancheng Zhao. "Optimal Sr-Doped Free TiO2@SrTiO3 Heterostructured Nanowire Arrays for High-Efficiency Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical UV Photodetector Applications." Crystals 9, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9030134.

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Due to their high performance, photoelectrochemical ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have attracted much attention, but the recombination of photogenerated electrons at the interface of photoanode/electrolyte limited further improvement of photoelectrochemical UV photodetectors (PEC UVPDs). Modification of TiO2 photoanode by SrTiO3 could improve the performance of UVPD, because the energy barrier that is established at the TiO2–SrTiO3 interface could accelerate the separation of the photogenerated electrons-holes pair. However, the recombination center that is caused by the preparation of TiO2@SrTiO3 core-shell heterostructured nanostructure decreases the performance of PEC UVPDs, which is still an important problem that hindered its application in PEC UVPDs. In this paper, we presented a Sr-doped free TiO2@SrTiO3 core-shell heterostructured nanowire arrays as a photoanode for the self-powered PEC UVPD. This will not only accelerate the separation of the photogenerated electrons-holes pair, but it will also reduce the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the photoanode. The intrinsic effect of SrTiO3 reaction time on the J variations of UVPDs is investigated in detail. An impressive responsivity of 0.358 A W−1 was achieved at 360 nm for the UVPD based on TiO2@SrTiO3 core-shell heterostructured nanowire arrays, which heretofore is a considerably high photoresponsivity for self-powered photoelectrochemical UVPDs. Additionally, this UVPD also exhibits a high on/off ratio, fast response time, excellent visible-blind characteristic, and linear optical signal response.

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Bachmann, Friedrich. "Excimer Laser Drill for Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards: From Advanced Development to Factory Floor." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 12 (December 1989): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006098x.

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A novel excimer laser process has been developed for generating cylindrical via holes with an aspect ratio of about one. The fabrication process is being successfully run on a production line for a highly miniaturized printed circuit board used for the multichip module in the new Siemens 7500 H 90 mainframe computer. The process is outstanding in terms of reliability and reproducibility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first that that excimer lasers have been put into large-scale use in an industrial environment.Since signal delay times for chips have decreased much more rapidly than delay times for packaging, the computing speed of high-speed computers is restricted by the packaging techniques used. Therefore, further development of packaging technology became a prime objective for those developing high-performance computers. Packaging delay times had to be reduced drastically to keep up with increasingly shorter chip delay times. This, in effect, meant that a greater packaging density had to be implemented.A novel planar packaging technique has lead to considerable progress in solving this problem. This technique has been described in detail elsewhere. A key component in this technology is a multichip module, which can take in each of 16 areas, either an LSI module with 320 leads or 9 MSI modules with 52 leads as “bare” ICs. This means that a micro-wiring printed circuit board of this kind can accomodate between 16 (LSI) and 144 (MSI) chips. This article describes how these printed circuit boards are manufactured.As the specifications (Table I) show, blind vias 80 μm in diameter at a pitch of 0.5 mm have to be made in a 16-layer printed circuit board. It is intended that these blind vias will provide the through-contact for neighboring layers. The excimer laser plays a major role in this process.

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Saoudi, Jamel, Redouane Zitoune, Suhasini Gururaja, Mehdi Salem, and Salah Mezleni. "Analytical and experimental investigation of the delamination during drilling of composite structures with core drill made of diamond grits: X-ray tomography analysis." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 10 (August 10, 2017): 1281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317724591.

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Among the various forms of material damage, exit-ply delamination has been identified as one of the most deleterious damage processes associated with drilling fibre-reinforced plastics. The thrust force has been cited as the primary cause for drilling-induced exit-ply delamination. Only one analytical model for the prediction of the critical thrust force responsible for delamination using core drills can be found in the literature. In this study, a realistic model to predict critical thrust force responsible for drilling-induced exit-ply delamination in a multi-directional carbon fibre-reinforced plastic laminate with core drill has been proposed. A comparison between the proposed model, literature model as well as the experimental tests conducted during punching tests is presented. The proposed model is found to correlate well with experimental punching tests. In fact, the maximum relative errors recorded between the experimental values of the critical thrust force and the measured values are around 15%. Micro-tomography experiments have also been conducted that capture the drilling-induced damage in multi-directional carbon fibre-reinforced plastics in great detail. The X-ray images highlight the difficulty in controlling the thickness of the uncut plies located under the core drill during punching tests that can be attributed to some deviations in predictions of critical thrust force. Postmortem examination of the blind holes after punching tests also confirms the presence of a net delamination near the vicinity of the nominal diameter of the core drill, which correlates well to the hypothesis of the analytical model.

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Mooney, Ted. "Rusting in blind holes." Metal Finishing 94, no. 2 (February 1996): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(96)93893-3.

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Wang, Wen Hua, Wen Ding Zhao, and Xiang Li Kong. "The Instability Analysis and Processing Scheme of ChangXin Viaduct Abutment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2009.

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In order to solve the abutment instability problem of the ChangXin Viaduct in JiLin to YanJi highway, we had the detailed geology survey and exploration of the abutment and its back roadbed, and had also the test of soil bulk density and the shear strength, and the deformation monitoring. The results show that the groundwater runoff and seepage functions for the abutment and its back roadbed are both strong because they are in the slope which in the junction of large diameter group sandstone and mudstone. Because of the two months consecutive rain function, the group stratum became soft in water, and added the combined function of the abutment and its back filled soil, so caused this group stratum sliding under the abutment and its back subgrade, and led to the abutment instability. To prevent the continuing landslide development, and maintain the landslide stability and the security of the bridges and roadbed, according to the causes above, we took the following treatment measures: Dismantling the finished 0th abutment and 1st pier, increasing two holes bridges, so making the abutment away from the landslide area, and at the same time transforming the extending foundation form to pile foundation, so they can reduce the damage function to the original slope body; Appropriately cutting earthwork and lessening weight of the landslide, using antiskid pile supporting baffle in the landslide body, and adopting blind ditch and cutting, drainage ditch to process drainage treatment, all of these ensure the stability of landslide and no adverse effects on bridge foundation.

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Kumbhat, Nitesh, Fuhan Liu, Venky Sundaram, Vivek Sridharan, Abhishek Choudhury, Hunter Chan, and Rao Tummala. "Chip-last Embedded Actives and Passives in Ultra-Miniaturized Organic Packages with Chip-First Benefits." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 000537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-wp1-paper1.

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Embedded actives and passives are being pursued by chip-first and wafer-level fan-out approaches to address high functionality and miniaturization. A next generation embedding alternative- “chip-last embedding”, which retains all the benefits of chip-first, has been demonstrated at Georgia Tech for complex multi-component heterogeneous systems. This paper presents detailed results from the first demonstration of this novel technology called Embedded MEMS, Actives and Passives (EMAP) with Chip-Last (CL) interconnections. This technology is targeted at highly integrated modules and systems with multiple 2D and 3D ICs for RF, Digital, Analog, MEMS and passive devices. Ultra-thin (55μm) silicon test dies were embedded in a 60μm deep cavity within 6-metal layer substrates yielding a total module thickness of 0.22mm. The robustness of substrate materials and processes was demonstrated using thermal cycling of the blind-vias and through-holes. The embedded IC was bonded to the substrate at 160°C by ultra-fine pitch (30–50μm) and low-profile (10–15μm) Cu-to-Cu interconnections with polymer adhesives. Two different die-sizes 3mm × 3mm and 7mm × 7mm were investigated for reliability performance of these interconnections, which passed 1000 thermal cycles, in addition to Highly Accelerated Stress Test (HAST) and High Temperature Storage Test (HTS). Comprehensive analysis of new materials and processes used in the chip-last embedding technology has been carried out demonstrating the advantages and robustness of this promising technology. Due to manufacturing process simplicity and unparalleled set of benefits, the chip-last technology provides the benefits of chip-first while enabling highly miniaturized, multi-band, high performance modules with embedded actives and passives.

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Bujak, Jan, and Paweł Hermanowicz. "Controlled gas nitriding of the surfaces of blind holes using the two-component NH3+NH3diss atmospheres during the heating-up stage." Inżynieria Powierzchni 23, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8028.

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The paper presents the preliminary research results of the influence of the chemical composition of the two-component nitriding atmospheres on the structure and properties of the nitrided layers in the surfaces of the blind holes. The results showed that the utilization during the heating-up stage of in the controlled gas nitriding process the two-component atmospheres NH3 + NH3diss enables the production of the nitrided layers with a limited thickness of an iron nitrides layer as well as and a sufficiently high hardness on the surfaces of the blind holes. The nitrided layers obtained on the surfaces of the blind holes, depending on the position in the hole, show similar differentiation of the structures and properties, regardless of the dilution rate of ammonia in the atmospheres that were used during the heating-up stage. This differentiation is caused by the weak inflow of the fresh nitriding atmosphere to the interior of the blind holes due to their small diameters, which in turn is manifested as a gradual slowdown of the growth kinetics, a reduction of the thickness and hardness of a nitrided layer along with the increase in the depth of the blind holes.

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Raedts, S., A. V. Silhanek, M. J. Van Bael, R. Jonckheere, and V. V. Moshchalkov. "Flux pinning properties of holes and blind holes arranged periodically in a superconductor." Physica C: Superconductivity 404, no. 1-4 (May 2004): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2003.09.095.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Details of blind holes"

Абдулкеримов, Илимдар Диляверович. "Технологическое обеспечение качества резьбовых соединений в глухих отверстиях деталей из алюминиевых сплавов деформирующим инструментом". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/20297.

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Диссертация на соискание учёной степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.02.08 – технология машиностроения. Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2016. Диссертация посвящена решению научно-технической задачи технологического обеспечения герметичности резьбовых соединений деталей из алюминиевых сплавов с газо-усадочной пористостью деформирующим инструментом. В работе проведен анализ существующих систем обработки глухих отверстий в алюминиевых сплавах из газо-усадочных материалов, выявлены основные факторы, определяющие качество и производительность процесса обработки отверстий. Показано, что для таких процессов как обеспечение необходимых эксплуатационных характеристик соединений нужно управлять параметрами состояния поверхностного слоя в процессе их изготовления, а также уметь рассчитывать их на стадии проектирования технологического процесса. Показано исследование технологических свойств алюминиевого сплава АК12М2, полученного литьем под давлением, а именно проведено моделирование ППД литейного алюминиевого сплава АК12М2, а также сравнение свойств поверхности до и после ППД и влияние угла деформации с учетом количества циклов ППД на качество поверхности. Результаты проведенных исследований позволили дать практические рекомендации по внедрению результатов работы на ОАО "Пневматика" (г. Симферополь), а именно показана обработка на примере детали корпус крана ПКР25 и получены герметичные разъемных соединения в деталях из алюминиевых сплавов с газо-усадочной пористостью. Проведено сравнение качества резьбовых соединений, получаемых по базовому и новому варианту обработки и оценка экономической эффективности. Это позволило снизить технологическую себестоимость и получить экономический эффект в размере 18207 грн., за счёт снижения трудоёмкости обработки, затрат на инструмент и технологические жидкости.
The thesis for the degree of candidate of technical sciences, specialty 05.02.08 - technology of mechanical engineering. National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2016. The dissertation is devoted to the processing to ensure the tightness of threaded connections of details from aluminum alloys deformed gas shrinkage porosity tool. Analytical and experimental research method of machining of the threaded holes in applying deforming tools based modeling of the process of forming a trumpet groove in blind holes deforming tool. Theoretically grounded possibility of the surface layer of quality blind holes after PPD alloy AK12M2. The new design tools and practical advice on selecting treatment regimes that ensure maximum processing efficiency deaf threaded holes. The economic effect of the introduction of the main provisions of the production of 18,207.44 UA.

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Абдулкерімов, Ілімдар Діляверович. "Технологічне забезпечення якості різьбових з'єднань у глухих отворах деталей з алюмінієвих сплавів деформуючим інструментом". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/20295.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.02.08 – технологія машинобудування. Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016. Дисертація присвячена вирішенню проблеми технологічного забезпечення герметичності різьбових з'єднань деталей з алюмінієвих сплавів з газо-усадковою пористістю деформуючим інструментом. У роботі проведено аналіз існуючих систем обробки глухих отворів у деталях з газо-усадкових матеріалів. Проведено аналітичне та експериментальне дослідження методу механічної обробки різьбових отворів при застосуванні деформуючого інструменту з урахуванням моделювання процесу формоутворення трубних різьб у глухих отворах деформуючим інструментом. Розроблено конструктивні й технологічні параметри деформуючого інструменту для глухих отворів під трубну різьбу в деталях з алюмінієвих сплавів з газо-усадковою пористістю. Теоретично обґрунтовано можливість забезпечення якісного поверхневого шару глухих отворів після ППД сплаву АК12М2. Запропоновано нові конструкції інструменту та практичні рекомендації щодо вибору режимів обробки, що забезпечують високу ефективність обробки глухих різьбових отворів. Економічний ефект від упровадження основних положень роботи у виробництво становить 18207 грн.
The thesis for the degree of candidate of technical sciences, specialty 05.02.08 - technology of mechanical engineering. National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2016. The dissertation is devoted to the processing to ensure the tightness of threaded connections of details from aluminum alloys deformed gas shrinkage porosity tool. Analytical and experimental research method of machining of the threaded holes in applying deforming tools based modeling of the process of forming a trumpet groove in blind holes deforming tool. Theoretically grounded possibility of the surface layer of quality blind holes after PPD alloy AK12M2. The new design tools and practical advice on selecting treatment regimes that ensure maximum processing efficiency deaf threaded holes. The economic effect of the introduction of the main provisions of the production of 18,207.44 UA.

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Shepherd, Jason F. "Interval Matching and Control for Hexahedral Mesh Generation of Swept Volumes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3452.

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Surface meshing algorithms require certain relationships among the number of intervals on the curves that bound the surface. Assigning the number of intervals to all of the curves in the model such that all relationships are satisfied is called interval assignment. Volume meshing algorithms also require certain relationships among the numbers of intervals on each of the curves on the volume. These relationships are not always captured by surface meshing requirements. This thesis presents a news technique for automatically identifying volume constraints. In this technique, volume constraints are grouped with surface constraints and are solved simultaneously. A sweepable volume has source, target and linking surfaces. The technique described in this thesis uses graph algorithms to identify independent, parallel sets of linking surfaces, and determine if they correspond to through-holes or blind-holes. For blind-holes, the algorithm generates constraints that prevent the hole from being too deep in interval parameter space and, thus, penetrating opposite target surfaces. For each linking set, the adjoining source and target surfaces are partially ordered by the structure of the linking set. A small set of representative paths for each linking set is found, and the representative paths for all linking sets are gathered and distilled by Gaussian elimination into a small set of constraints.

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Книги з теми "Details of blind holes"

Moffat, John W. The Shadow of the Black Hole. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190650728.001.0001.

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The author visits one of the two Laser Interferometer Gravitational- Wave Observatory (LIGO) sites in the United States, at Hanford, Washington. This is where scientists are detecting gravitational waves generated by faraway merging black holes and neutron stars. He meets the people who work there and has discussions with some of them. The director gives him a tour of the LIGO experimental installation, describing the work, the technological details of the apparatus, and answers his questions. On the final day of the visit, the author gives a talk to the LIGO group on gravitational waves and on an alternative gravitational theory.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. Lessons from the Law and Empirical Research Addressing School Segregation and Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633639.003.0006.

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This chapter presents the overall conclusion that emerges from the book, which is that empirical findings may play a role in shaping legal responses to segregation and diversity in schools, but the bulk of current research increasingly becomes irrelevant. The legal system and researchers appear to be moving in opposite directions in what they identify as problematic and what to do about it. This chapter sorts through the lessons learned about the legal system’s evaluation of empirical research. It highlights the problematic nature of legal approaches, which now focus on remaining neutral/color-blind with regard to racial disparities. It then details how the legal system can better benefit from research that addresses racial and ethnic disparities.

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Davies, Sara. Addressing the Gender Gap in R2P. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.26.

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Since its inception, the responsibility to protect (R2P) principle has been progressively narrowed in its scope and application in order to capture widespread support from governments and civil society. However, as this chapter will explore, R2P came perilously close to failing to recognize the gendered dimension of mass atrocity crimes and the prevention of these crimes. The chapter examines how R2P came to be characterized as ‘gender blind’, and details how, since 2006, the principle’s supporters have engaged and responded to this challenge. The author argues that there is a need to continually theorize and engage in areas of common discourse to collectively progress the mutual agenda of gender equitable human protection.

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Lurie, Peter. “Orders from the House”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199797318.003.0003.

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This chapter takes its title from an essay about The Shining by Fredric Jameson, “Historicism in the Shining,” which, for all its acuity about the film’s awareness of economic history, demonstrates a notable blind spot around issues of race and the violence subtending America’s past in regions like the U.S. west. It shows a troubling alliance between Jack Torrance’s will to mastery and director Stanley Kubrick’s unique wielding of cinematic omniscience, suggesting the film’s awareness of the frontier as both a space of supposed white sovereignty and aesthetic spectacle. It employs key visual tropes and verbal details as well as the film’s stylistic excesses to suggest the history of genocide embedded in both the Overlook Hotel’s history and in American historical concepts such as manifest destiny. Its conclusion utilizes Gilles Deleuze’s model of the time-image to describe an apprehensible historicity in the film’s dual ending.

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Wineinger, Catherine N. Gendering the GOP. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197556542.001.0001.

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This book, one of the first to focus exclusively on the experiences of Republican congresswomen, uncovers some of the gendered implications of congressional polarization. Looking beyond legislative behavior, Gendering the GOP: Intraparty Politics and Republican Women’s Representation in Congress reveals changes over time in the way Republican congresswomen (1) claim to represent women and (2) work together to advance their own interests within the party. Through extensive interviews with women members of Congress and in-depth analyses of House floor speeches, the book details how women have both navigated and shaped existing gender dynamics within the House GOP conference. It demonstrates that Republican women in Congress are not merely gender-blind partisans. Rather, it complicates traditional understandings of the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation, showing how polarization and party competition have incentivized Republican women to organize around their partisan-gender identity—distinguishing themselves from both Democratic women and Republican men. Doing so has increased their visibility as party messengers, while simultaneously limiting their legislative power in the institution. This book shines light on the ongoing challenges Republican women face, the intricate gender dynamics they must learn to navigate in their party, and potential opportunities for change.

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Частини книг з теми "Details of blind holes"

Shi, Z., J. Lin, and H. Lai. "Study of Passive Control of Jet Noise by Blind Holes on Nozzle Inner Wall." In Fluid-Structure-Sound Interactions and Control, 343–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7542-1_52.

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Zhang, Feng-lian, and Jing Zhu. "An Experimental Study of Drilling Small and Deep Blind Holes with an Abrasive Water Jet." In Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 33–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40063-6_4.

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Steininger, Andreas, Anton Siller, and Friedrich Bleicher. "Influencing the Process Stability for Tapping Through and Blind Holes by Taps with Radial Lubricant Supply." In Proceedings of the 38th International MATADOR Conference, 441–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64943-6_31.

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Sharma, A., V. Jain, and D. Gupta. "Tool Wear Analysis While Creating Blind Holes on Float Glass Using Conventional Drilling: A Multi-shaped Tools Study." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 175–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1724-8_17.

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Kitchin, Rob. "Blind Data." In Data Lives, 17–22. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215144.003.0002.

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This chapter details a blind date between two researchers who have very different notions about the nature of data and the ethos and practices of science. One is an electronic engineer, while the other is an anthropologist. The anthropologist studies how digital technology is built and used, examining the politics and praxes of some start-up companies who were developing new apps. Meanwhile, the electronic engineer works on a sound-sensing network for monitoring and modelling background noise across the city. The chapter then looks at their debate on data creation and collection. The anthropologist makes a point about scientific practice, arguing that the electronic engineer is practising mechanical objectivity — trying to minimize biases, errors, calibration issues, and so on — but it is still set up in their vision, based on their education and experience, and compromising for circumstance. Thus, they are still making choices that influence the outcome.

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Moffat, John W. "Gravitation and Black Holes." In The Shadow of the Black Hole, 11–23. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190650728.003.0001.

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Einstein’s theory of general relativity introduced the concept of black holes to physics and astronomy. But, eminent physicists such as Einstein and Eddington did not believe in the existence of black holes. Schwarzschild solved Einstein’s equations and disclosed a possible dark compact object with an event horizon. This is a membrane in spacetime surrounding the object, from which nothing can escape, not even light. The chapter describes the contributions of Chandrasekhar, Kruskal, Wheeler, Oppenheimer, Landau, Kerr, and others to help promote black holes in the physics and astronomy communities. It details ideas about the origins of black holes and the conundrums they still present, such as the singularities (infinitely dense matter) associated with them.

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Bailyn, Charles D. "Introducing Black Holes: Event Horizons and Singularities." In What Does a Black Hole Look Like? Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691148823.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides a background of black holes. The term “black hole” is not defined in a technical way and is used in different contexts to mean different things. The phrase itself was popularized by the physicist John Archibald Wheeler to replace the cumbersome description “gravitationally completely collapsed object.” However, black holes are not just useful metaphors or remarkable constructs of theoretical physics; they actually exist. Over the past few decades, black holes have moved from theoretical exotica to a well-known and carefully studied class of astronomical objects. Extensive data archives reveal the properties of systems containing black holes, and many details of their behavior are known. In the current astronomical literature, the seemingly bizarre properties of black holes are now taken for granted and are used as a basis for understanding a wide variety of phenomena.

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Dylan, Huw, David V. Gioe, and Michael S. Goodman. "Flying Blind? The CIA and the Trump Administration." In The CIA and the Pursuit of Security, 493–502. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428842.003.0025.

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The chapter details the CIA’s relationship with Trump during his Presidency. One of Trump’s first actions as President was to visit the CIA where he proclaimed ‘backing’ for the organisation, but the CIA and the President often viewed the world, and, indeed, the mission of the CIA, very differently. This led to serious questions over the Trump administrations’ respect for the independence of the CIA’s analytical judgements, and the potential for politicisation of intelligence, particularly on issues like Iran’s nuclear programme. How did the CIA adapt to this new situation.? Document: Donal J. Trump Tweet.

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Akhtar, Imtisal, Malik Abdul Rehman, and Yongho Seo. "Measuring the Blind Holes: Three-Dimensional Imaging of through Silicon via Using High Aspect Ratio AFM Probe." In 21st Century Surface Science - a Handbook. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92739.

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Three-dimensional integration and stacking of semiconductor devices with high density, its compactness, miniaturization and vertical 3D stacking of nanoscale devices highlighted many challenging problems in the 3D parameter’s such as CD (critical dimension) measurement, depth measurement of via holes, internal morphology of through silicon via (TSV), etc. Current challenge in the high-density 3D semiconductor devices is to measure the depth of through silicon via (TSV) without destructing the sample; TSVs are used in 3D stacking devices to connect the wafers stacked vertically to reduce the wiring delay, power dissipation, and of course, the form factor in the integration system. Special probes and algorithms have been designed to measure 3D parameters like wall roughness, sidewall angle, but these are only limited to deep trench-like structures and cannot be applied to structures like via holes and protrusions. To address these problems, we have proposed an algorithm based nondestructive 3D Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Using the high aspect ratio (5, 10, 20, 25) multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) AFM probe, the depth of holes up to 1 micron is faithfully obtained. In addition to this, internal topography, side walls, and location of via holes are obtained faithfully. This atomic force microscopy technique enables to 3D scan the features (of any shape) present above and below the surface.

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Bedingfield, Sid. "Color-Blind Conservatism and the Great White Switch." In Newspaper Wars. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041228.003.0009.

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This chapter details the effort by former segregationist editors to unite whites against rising black political clout after passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965. The editors at the state’s two largest newspaper, Thomas R. Waring Jr. at the News & Courier in Charleston and William D. Workman Jr., at The State in Columbia, helped develop a rhetoric of “color-blind conservatism” to undermine black political activism. The new rhetoric accepted the end of segregation and legal equality for blacks in the South, but declared that racial issues should no longer be an acceptable topic for political debate. It identified blacks as special pleaders seeking aid from government that they did not deserve.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Details of blind holes"

Ogawa, Keiji, Toshiki Hirogaki, Eiichi Aoyama, and Tsukasa Ayuzawa. "Microvia Formation for Multi-Layer PWB by Laser Direct Drilling: Improvement of Drilled Hole Quality of GFRP Plates." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7219.

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Microvia formation technology using lasers has become the dominant method for drilling microvia that are called blind via-holes (BVHs) in printed wiring boards (PWBs). Laser direct drilling (LDD), which is direct drilling of the outer copper foil by laser, has attracted attention as a novel method. In particular, when copper and resin with different processing thresholds are simultaneously drilled, an overhang defect occurs on the drilled hole. On the other hand, aramid fiber reinforced plastics (AFRP) have been replaced by glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) as the material used for the build-up layer because of its cost performance. Moreover, the PWB quality of the particle incrustations around the drilled holes has problems in the manufacturing process. However, the LDD process of such a composite has not been clarified. Therefore, we investigated it by detailed observation using a high-speed camera. We estimated the overhang length using the finite element method (FEM) and experimentally and analytically evaluated the effects of filler contented build-up layers. As a result, we improved drilled-hole quality by using prototype PWBs made of GFRP with filler in the build-up layer.

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Ogawa, Keiji, Toshiki Hirogaki, Eiichi Aoyama, Kuniyoshi Obata, and Tsukasa Ayuzawa. "Microvia Formation for Multi-Layer PWB by Laser Direct Drilling: Improvement of Hole Quality by Silica Fillers in Build-Up Layer." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50222.

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Microvia formation technology using lasers has become the dominant method for drilling microvia called blind via-holes (BVHs) in printed wiring boards (PWBs). Laser direct drilling (LDD), drilling directly outer copper foil by laser, has attracted attention as a novel method. In particular, when copper and resin with different processing thresholds are drilled at the same time, an overhang defect occurs on the drilled hole. However, the overhang generation mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, we investigated it by detailed observation of the drilled-hole section. Moreover, the overhang length was estimated using the finite element method (FEM). Influences of surface treatment of outer copper foil and thermal properties of the build-up layer were evaluated experimentally and analytically. Consequently, an experiment with a prototype PWB with silica filler added in the build-up layer was carried out. Using the prototype PWBs, the overhang was reduced as shown in FEM analysis results.

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Fredette, Lee F., Matthew Kerr, Howard J. Rathbun, and John E. Broussard. "NRC/EPRI Welding Residual Stress Validation Program: Phase III Details and Findings." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57645.

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The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) are working cooperatively under a memorandum of understanding to validate welding residual stress predictions in pressurized water reactor primary cooling loop components containing dissimilar metal (DM) welds. These stresses are of interest as DM welds in pressurized water reactors are susceptible to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) and tensile weld residual stresses are one of the primary drivers of this stress corrosion cracking mechanism. The NRC/EPRI welding residual stress (WRS) program currently consists of four phases, with each phase increasing in complexity from lab size specimens to component mock-ups and ex-plant material. This paper discusses Phase III of the WRS characterization program, comparing measured and predicted weld residual stresses profiles through the dissimilar metal weld region of pressurizer safety and relief nozzles removed from a cancelled plant in the United States. The DM weld had already been completed on all of the plant nozzles before use in the mock-up program. One of the nozzles was completed with the application of the stainless steel safe-end weld to a section of stainless steel pipe. Measurements were taken on the nozzles with and without the welded pipe section. Several independent finite element analysis predictions were made of the stress state in the DM weld. This paper compares the predicted stresses to those found by through-thickness measurement techniques (Deep Hole Drilling and Contour Method). Comparisons of analysis results with experimental data will allow the NRC staff to develop unbiased measures of uncertainties in weld residual stress predictions with the goal of developing assurances that the analysis predictions are defensible through the blind validation provided using well controlled mock-ups and ex-plant material in this program.

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Matejicek, J., S. Sampath, and J. Dubsky. "Residual Stress Measurement in Plasma Sprayed Coatings by X-Ray Diffraction." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0855.

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Abstract Processing induced residual stresses play an important role in the performance of thermally sprayed coatings. Their precise determination is a key to influence the coating properties by modification of process variables and to understand the processing-property relationship. Among various methods for residual stress measurement, x-ray diffraction holds a specific position by being nondestructive, phase distinctive, localized and applicable for real parts. The sin2ψ method is commonly applied for bulk materials as well as coatings. However, the results are often reported without sufficient experimental details and the method is used in its simplified form without justification of certain assumptions. In this investigation, the sin2ψ x-ray diffraction method was used to measure residual macrostress in plasma sprayed Ni, NiCrAlY and ZrO2+8%Y2O3 coatings. Reproducibility of the method was tested and the assumptions allowing its use are discussed and experimentally verified. For Ni coatings, a comparison with blind hole and neutron diffraction measurements is presented. The results are discussed with respect to processing, structure and properties of the coatings.

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Bethancourt, Roswall Enrique, Mohammed Sarhan, Felix Leonardo Castillo, Imad Al Hamlawi, Luis Ramon Baptista, Sultan Saeed Al Mansoori, Ali Mubarak Al Braiki, et al. "First Non-Directional Casing While Drilling CWD Run in ADNOC Onshore Saves Five Days Rig Time and Improves the Well Construction Process Minimizing Associated Risks with Circulation Losses and Wellbore Instability." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208024-ms.

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Abstract Loss of circulation while drilling the surface holes has become the main challenge in the Abu Dhabi Onshore developed fields. Typical consequences of losses are blind drilling and high instability of the wellbore that eventually led to hole collapse, drill string pack-offs and other associated well-integrity risks. Expensive operations including implementing aerated drilling technique, high water consumption and logistical constraints lead to difficulties reaching planned depth and running casing with added complexities of well integrity due to poor cement quality and bonding in the required isolation zones. Casing while drilling (CWD) is becoming a powerful method in mitigating both lost circulation as well as wellbore stability issues. This paper details the first 13 3/8″ × 16″ successful non-directional CWD trial accomplished in Abu Dhabi and the various advantages of the process. The Non-Directional CWD technology is used to drill vertical or tangent profiles with no directional drilling or logging (formation evaluation) requirements. The casing string is run with drillable body polycrystalline diamond cutters (PDC) bit and solid body centralizers are installed into the casing to achieve the required stand-off for cementing purpose. Some of the best practices applied to conventional drilling operations are not valid for CWD. The paper presents the methodology followed by the drilling engineers during the planning and preparation phases and presents a detailed description of the execution at the rig and the results of the evaluation including time savings, cement quality, rate of penetration, bottomhole assembly (BHA) directional tendency and losses comparison among others.The implementation of CWD saved the operator five days. The bit selection and fit-for-purpose bit design were critical factors for the success of the application. The interval was drilled (as planned) in one run through interbedded formations with a competitive rate of penetration (ROP). In this trial the interval consisted of 2,470ft with an average on-bottom ROP of 63.7 ft/hr, zero quality, health, safety and environmental (QHSE) incidents with enhanced safety for the rig crew.The technology eliminated the non-productive time (NPT) associated with tight spots, BHA pack-off, vibrations or stalls which it is an indication of good hole cleaning and optimum drilling parameters.Medium losses (10-15 BBL/hr) were cured due to the plastering and wellbore strengthening effect of CWD allowing drilling to resume with full returns.Well Verticality maintained with 0.3 degrees Inclination at section final depth.The drillable CWD bit was drilled out with a standard 12.25-in PDC bit in 1 hour as per the plan.

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"Session details: Color/blind." In the SIGCHI Conference, chair Steve Feiner. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1240624.3258908.

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Feiner, Steve. "Session details: Color/blind." In CHI07: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3258908.

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Peters, Daniel T. "Effect of Blend Radius on Stress Concentration Factor of Crossbored Holes in Thick Walled Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1838.

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Many studies have been performed on the effect of stress concentration factor in thick walled cylinders caused by holes drilled to the wall perpendicular to the vessel ID, commonly called crossbores. Recent developments in FEA analysis and computer technology have allowed detailed analysis in their effect on the stresses in pressure vessels. This allows the reevaluation of many theories developed in the past. The following is a study of how applying a blend radius to the inside intersection of a vessel bore and a crossbore affects the stresses in vicinity of the hole and the stress concentrations developed near the hole.

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Trewin, Shari. "Session details: Supporting blind users." In CHI '09: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3257000.

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Azenkot, Shiri. "Session details: Tactile Information for Blind Users." In ASSETS '16: The 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3254066.

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