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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Desulfurization reaction"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Desulfurization reaction"

1

Zhang, Baojing, Peizhong Feng, and Tingan Zhang. "Desulfurization of Cu–Fe Alloy Obtained from Copper Slag and the Effect on Form of Copper in Alloy." Materials 15, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 5110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155110.

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In order to realize the high-value utilization of copper slag, a process for preparing Cu–Fe alloy through the reduction of copper slag is proposed. The sulfur in the alloy exists in the form of matte inclusions, which is different from sulfur in molten iron. The reaction of CaO with Cu2S is difficult. It is necessary to add a reducing agent to promote desulfurization. To avoid the introduction of other elements, Fe–Mn and CaC2 additions were used as desulfurizers for the desulfurization of Cu–Fe alloy. The thermodynamics of the desulfurization reaction were calculated and the experimental process was studied. It was found that the Gibbs free energy of desulfurization reactions was negative for Fe–Mn and that CaC2 can reduce the sulfur in the alloy to 0.0013% and 0.0079%, respectively. The desulfurization process affected the shape of copper in the alloy. Part of copper in this alloy exists in the form of nano-copper spheres, and the size of the spheres is found to increase after desulfurization. Reducing agents can facilitate the desulfurization process of stable sulfides.
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2

Wang, Ming Hua, Amin Yang, Miao Wang, Xin Yuan Zhang, and Yu Chun Zhai. "Desulfurization of Petroleum Coke via Alkali Calcination." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.526.

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Alkali desulfurization of petroleum coke is an important technology, can improve the performance of the final products of petroleum coke, while reducing air pollution. This paper studied the conditions for desulfurization of calcined petroleum coke using NaOH solid powders. The experimental results show that, the grain size in the range of experiment did not seem to influence desulphurization. With the increase of temperature, adding alkali coke ratio, reaction time, desulfurization of petroleum coke rate increased. In the alkali coke ratio of 2, the reaction temperature is 500°C, the reaction time is 2 h, the desulfurization of petroleum coke ratio reached 98.1%. Desulfurization of petroleum coke rate by prolonging the reaction time, to a certain extent, maintains the same level of lowing alkali coke ratio.
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3

Qiu, Jiang Hua, Guang Hui Wang, Yun Cheng Bao, Yu Qin Zhang, and Dan Lin Zeng. "Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Fuel Oil with Phosphomolybdic Acid Loaded on SiO2." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2110.

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Phosphomolybdic acid loaded on SiO2 has been prepared as the catalyst by the sol-gel method. The catalysts were evaluated for the oxidative desulfurization of model fuel oil using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Results show that the calcined temperature, Mo/Si molar ratio, catalyst dosage, H2O2 dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time affect the desulfurization rates. The oxidative reactions fit apparent first-order kinetics, and the apparent activation energies of BT and DBT are 51.87 KJ/mol and 25.79 KJ/mol, respectively.
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4

Yang, Yong, Hu Peng Yu, Jin Long Jiang, and Yun Hua Qian. "Flue Gas Desulfurization over Copper Oxide Loaded on Complex Carrier of Attapulgite and Activated Carbon." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.387.

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Sorbent of CuO loaded on complex carrier of attapulgite and activated carbon was prepared by incipient impregnation method for flue gas desulfurization. The effects of CuO loading, reaction temperature and components in flue gas on the desulfurization performance were investigated in a fixed-bed quartz reactor. The experimental results indicate that the sorbents of 20 wt% CuO loading has a high desulfurization activity under conditions of reaction temperatures 200-250 oC and 21000 h-1, and O2 is necessary for the high desulfurization activity of the sorbents.
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Liu, Hong Lei, Zhi Qi Wang, and Lei Zhang. "Test and Application of Desulfurization Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2577.

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Explains the principle and reaction mechanism of desulfurization catalyst. Introduces the test applying desulfurization catalyst in WFGD (wet flue gas desulfurization) system of 320MW generating units operating in thermal power plant. Desulfurization efficiency is improved significantly by using desulfurization catalyst of 100 μ g/g to 600 μ g/g concentrations. To save electricity, stopping the top level slurry pump is the priority.
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Class, Caleb A., Jorge Aguilera-Iparraguirre, and William H. Green. "A kinetic and thermochemical database for organic sulfur and oxygen compounds." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 20 (2015): 13625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp05631k.

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Mei, Dan, Junjie Shi, Yuzheng Zhu, Xuemei Xu, Futang Xing, and Ling Shi. "Optimization the operation parameters of SDA desulfurization tower by flow coupling chemical reaction model." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2020-0006.

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AbstractSpray Drying Absorber (SDA) has been widely used for large-scale desulfurization. However, it also has some limitations. For example, the liquid absorbent easily causes scaling, which impedes the contact between the serous fluid and the flue gas and reduces the chemical reaction rate and desulfurization efficiency. This paper establishes the mathematical and physical model of gas and liquid two-phase flow and droplet evaporation and heat transfer in rotary spray desulfurization tower. To study the accumulation and distribution of chemical reaction precipitates in the desulfurization tower and analyze the removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in different atomization diameters, this paper establishes a simulation model concerning the coupling of desulfurization reaction and flow field calculation based on the absorption and reaction mechanism of SO2. Baffle in different widths are set to optimize the internal flow field and balance the distribution of flue gas. By setting baffles of different widths to optimize the flow field in the tower and changing the distribution of flue gas, this model reduces the scaling while ensuring the desulfurization efficiency. The results of the simulation experiment have verified that the droplet with a diameter of 50 μm is the optimal option, which can effectively remove the scaling and ensure that the desulfurizing tower runs in high efficiency and stability. When the width of baffles is 2250 mm, the efficiency of desulfurization exceeds 95%, and the amount of scaling on the desulfurization tower main wall is controlled at the minimum level, which is the optimal option for production.
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8

Yang, Song, Li, and Chen. "Effect of Vanadium and Titanium on Desulfurization of CaO Slag in Liquid Iron." Metals 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111239.

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The possibility of vanadium and titanium participating in the CaO desulfurization reaction has been evaluated. The desulfurization products of CaO which were added to liquid iron containing vanadium–titanium in lab conditions were observed. At the early stage of adding CaO, titanium and sulfur ware agglomerated on the surface of CaO particles. The particles were composed of CaO, TiO2, and CaS. However, vanadium oxide was not detected. It was proposed that the titanium rather than the vanadium could react with CaO and sulfur. The desulfurization kinetics experiment showed that the high titanium content in liquid iron reduced desulfurization velocity, while vanadium had little effect on the desulfurization. The reason for this was that the TiO2 which surrounded the CaO particle impeded the mass transfer of sulfur. The vanadium and titanium had a little influence on the final sulfur content of CaO desulfurization. The theoretical discussion of these phenomena was carried out. The controlling reaction of final sulfur content was (CaO) + [S] + [C] = (CaS) + CO(g).
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Wang, Baohua, Mingbo Zhang, Rong Zhu, and Shengtao Qiu. "Study of CO2injection on the desulfurization of low-titanium slag." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 4 (2019): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018120.

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A new idea that the low-titanium slag (LTS) used in the steelmaking process after CO2injection desulfurization is proposed in this paper. The CO2injection process mainly involves the grinding of low-titanium slag, mixing of slag and water, CO2injection, filtration, and then obtains the low sulfur and low titanium slag. The effects of cooling rates (water cooling, air cooling, crucible cooling, and furnace cooling) and CO2injection on the desulfurization of LTS were studied by both experimental and thermodynamic calculations. The results showed that sulfite and sulfate ions couldn’t be removed from LTS using this method, and the main removal substance in slag was sulfide ion S2−. The desulfurization mechanism with CO2injection was that the CO2injection reacted with H2O to form H2CO3, and then the H+disrupted from H2CO3reacted with the S2−in the slag to achieve desulfurization. During the desulfurization process, the desulfurization reaction was mainly determined by S2− + CO2(aq) + H2O (l) = CO32− + H2S(g) within the first 5 min, and then the main desulfurization reaction was S2− + 2CO2(aq) + 2H2O(l) = 2HCO3− + H2S(g). As the cooling rate decreasing, the desulfurization rate of LTS increased. The desulfurization effect of furnace-cooled slag is the highest in four kinds of slag. The desulfurization rate of furnace-cooled slag reaches 72.28%, which is 4.34, 1.75 and 1.15 times than that of water-cooled slag, air-cooled slag and crucible-cooled slag, respectively. The optimal rate of desulfurization is 80.0%.
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Boddapati, S. N. Murthy, Chandra Mohan Kurmarayuni, Baby Ramana Mutchu, Ramana Tamminana, and Hari Babu Bollikolla. "Copper-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aminophenyl benzothiazoles: a novel approach." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 37 (2018): 8267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02018c.

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Substituted 2-aminophenyl benzothiazoles have been constructed from thiourea via copper-catalyzed desulfurization/nucleophilic substitution followed by domino intra- and intermolecular C–N cross-coupling reactions under moderate reaction conditions.
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Дисертації з теми "Desulfurization reaction"

1

Lindström, David. "A Study on Desulfurization of Hot Metal Using Different Agents." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikro-modellering, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144025.

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This thesis deals with desulfurization of hot metal using different agents. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of commonly used desulfurization agents such as fluidized CaO, CaC2, commercial-CaO, Mg, and mixtures of commercial-CaO-Mg. The possibility to use ZnO for desulfurization of hot metal was also investigated. The desulfurization mechanisms and kinetics of these agents were studied. A broad comparison of the desulfurization abilities of the agents was performed under the same experimental conditions. The experimental studies were carried out in a high temperature resistance furnace at 1773 K with good quenching ability and precise control of the oxygen partial pressure. The influence of ZnO in blast furnace slag on the sulfur removal potential was studied. It was found that ZnO does not stay in blast furnace slag under relevant oxygen potentials and consequently has no influence on its sulfur removal capacity. The reaction mechanism of Mg was studied by adding pure Mg into hot metal. It was found that most Mg (about 90 %) escaped as gas in less than two seconds, only providing a little desulfurization. MgS is not formed by homogenous nucleation, but on MgO particles originating from the surface of the added Mg metal. The growth of CaS around CaC2, fluidized CaO and commercial-CaO were measured and compared. The parabolic rate constants were evaluated to be 2.4∙10-7 [cm s-1] for CaC2, and 5∙10-7 [cm s-1] for fluidized CaO particles. The bigger parabolic rate constant of fluidized CaO explains why fluidized CaO achieved a much better desulfurization of hot metal than CaC2 under the same experimental conditions. Commercial-CaO performed less satisfactory in comparison to fluidized CaO powder. This was due to both its less reactive surface and agglomeration of the particles. Agglomerates and large CaO particles lead to 2CaO.SiO2 formation which hindered further utilization of CaO for desulfurization. The 2CaO.SiO2 formation was favored by a high oxygen potential. Since the desulfurization reaction of CaO not only produced CaS but also oxygen, the local oxygen concentration around big CaO particles was higher than around small particles. When small CaO particles were added together with Mg they quickly transformed to CaS. The Mg-gas helped to distribute the CaO particles in the hot metal and improved the kinetic conditions. The desulfurization abilities of some commonly used agents, namely fluidized CaO, CaC2, commercial-CaO, Mg, mixtures of commercial-CaO-Mg, and ZnO were studied and compared under the same experimental conditions. While fluidized CaO showed the best performance, commercial-CaO mixed with 20 mass % Mg achieved the second best desulfurization. Mg-granules performed slightly better than CaC2 and commercial-CaO, but somewhat less satisfactory compared to fluidized CaO and commercial-CaO-Mg mixtures. ZnO does not influence the sulfur concentration of hot metal.

QC 20140404

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2

Houda, Sara. "Oxidative desulfurization of marine fuels : optimization of reaction conditions and development of efficient catalysts." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R064.

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L'Organisation Maritime Internationale (OMI) a limité la teneur en soufre des combustibles marins dans les zones de contrôle des émissions de soufre (zones SECA) de 1 à 0,1 % en 2015 et la limitera, d’ici 2020, de 3,5 à 0,5 % dans toutes les zones maritimes. Les fiouls marins sont constitués des résidus lourds caractérisés par une teneur élevée en soufre, la majeure partie du soufre se trouvant dans des molécules dites réfractaires, très difficiles à éliminer par le procédé d'hydrodésulfuration existant, fonctionnant sous haute pression d’hydrogène. Cependant, ces molécules soufrées sont connues pour être plus réactives dans le procédé de désulfuration oxydante ou oxydésulfuration (ODS), réalisé dans des conditions douces sans consommation d'hydrogène. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une désulfuration des fiouls marins par ODS. Toutefois, l’ODS sur les fiouls lourds est encore immature et les fiouls marins restent peu étudiés avec peu de publications reportées dans la littérature. Les travaux de cette thèse se sont donc tout d’abord portés sur le développement d'une méthodologie fiable pour l'analyse des composés soufrés dans les combustibles marins, avant une étude pour la détermination d’un catalyseur efficace et approprié, couplée à l'optimisation des conditions opératoires. Parmi une large variété de fiouls marins, trois fiouls ont été choisis, caractérisés par une viscosité élevée variant de 380 à 700 cSt. Les résultats d’analyse chimique ont révélé des teneurs élevées en soufre entre 0,6 et 3,2 % reflétant la variabilité de composition des combustibles marins. La réaction d'ODS a été effectuée par catalyse hétérogène à l'aide du système MoO3/Al2O3-H2O2 dans un réacteur batch. Les effets du temps de réaction, du rapport molaire oxydant/soufre (Ox/S) et du solvant d'extraction ont été étudiés. Le couplage des ultrasons avec l’ODS classique a permis d'obtenir de meilleurs taux de désulfuration grâce à l'effet de synergie amené par l’utilisation des ultrasons. Des études sur les effets de la teneur en molybdène, du dopage au phosphore et/ou au vanadium et du type de précurseur du molybdène ont été réalisées sur le catalyseur molybdène sur alumine. D'autres supports oxydes ont également été utilisés, améliorant considérablement les performances catalytiques. Dans des conditions de réaction optimales et avec les catalyseurs les plus efficaces, il a été possible d'oxyder toutes les charges sélectionnées et de les désulfurer pour les rendre compatibles avec les nouvelles normes 2020
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has limited marine fuel sulfur content in Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) from 1 to 0.1 wt.% in 2015 and will limit marine fuel sulfur content from 3.5 to 0.5 wt.% in all maritime areas by 2020. Marine fuels consist of heavy oils characterized by high sulfur content with refractory sulfur compounds difficult to remove using existing conventional high pressure hydrodesulfurization processes. However, these sulfides molecules appeared more reactive in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process, carried out at mild conditions without hydrogen consumption. The objective of this thesis is to propose an oxidative desulfurization method of marine fuels. Nevertheless, ODS on heavy fuels is still immature and marine fuels are poorly studied with only few publications reported in literature. This work first focused on the development of a reliable methodology for the analysis of sulfur compounds in marine fuels before the study of an appropriate and efficient catalyst for marine fuel ODS reaction with optimized operating conditions. Among a large variety of marine fuels, three marine fuels were chosen with high viscosities that varied from 380 to 700 cSt. The results of chemical analysis revealed high sulfur content ranging from 0.6 to 3.2 wt.% reflecting the variability of the composition of marine fuels. ODS reaction was carried out by heterogeneous catalysis using MoO3/Al2O3-H2O2 system in batch reactor. The effects of reaction time, oxidant to sulfur molar ratio (Ox/S) and extracting solvent were investigated. Ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization coupled to normal mixing provided better desulfurization rates due to the synergetic effect provided by ultrasounds. Studies on the effects of molybdenum loading, phosphorus and/or vanadium doping and molybdenum precursor type were carried out on the alumina-supported molybdenum catalyst. Others oxide carriers were also employed, remarkably improving catalytic performances. Under the optimum conditions and with the most efficient catalysts, it was possible to oxidize and desulfurize all selected feeds making them compatible with the 2020 new regulations
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3

Ben-Said, Lotfi. "Reaction kinetics and mechanisms of low temperature SO₂ removal by dry calcium-based sorbents." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173758214.

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4

Carpenter, Russell Ellis Holly R. "Functional roles of conserved active site amino acids in the desulfonation reaction catalyzed by the alkanesulfonate monooxygenase from Escheria coli." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1426.

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5

Maldei, Michael. "Low-temperature dry scrubbing reaction kinetics and mechanisms limestone dissolution and solubility." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175715332.

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6

Visneski, Michael J. "Modeling of the low temperature reaction of sulfur dioxide and limestone using a three resistance film theory instantaneous reaction model." Ohio : Ohio University, 1991. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173741863.

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7

Mills, Landon C. "IMPACT OF CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE, SOLVATION ENVIRONMENT, AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION ON DESULFURIZATION ENZYME 2'-HYDROXYBIPHENYL-2-SULFINATE DESULFINASE (DSZB) STABILITY AND ACTIVITY." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/105.

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Naturally occurring enzymatic pathways enable highly specific, rapid thiophenic sulfur cleavage occurring at ambient temperature and pressure, which may be harnessed for the desulfurization of petroleum-based fuel. One pathway found in bacteria is a four-step catabolic pathway (the 4S pathway) converting dibenzothiophene (DBT), a common crude oil contaminant, into 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP) without disrupting the carbon-carbon bonds. 2’-Hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase (DszB), the rate-limiting enzyme in the enzyme cascade, is capable of selectively cleaving carbon-sulfur bonds. Accordingly, understanding the molecular mechanisms of DszB activity may enable development of the cascade as industrial biotechnology. Based on crystallographic evidence, we hypothesized that DszB undergoes an active site conformational change associated with the catalytic mechanism. Moreover, we anticipated this conformational change is responsible, in part, for enhancing product inhibition. Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 DszB was recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli BL21 and purified to test these hypotheses. Activity and the resulting conformational change of DszB in the presence of HBP were evaluated. The activity of recombinant DszB was comparable to the natively expressed enzyme and was competitively inhibited by the product, HBP. Using circular dichroism, global changes in DszB conformation were monitored in response to HBP concentration, which indicated that both product and substrate produced similar structural changes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy perturbation with Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics (FEP/λ-REMD) calculations were used to investigate the molecular-level phenomena underlying the connection between conformation change and kinetic inhibition. In addition to the HBP, MD simulations of DszB bound to common, yet structurally diverse, crude oil contaminates 2’2-biphenol (BIPH), 1,8-naphthosultam (NTAM), 2-biphenyl carboxylic acid (BCA), and 1,8-naphthosultone (NAPO) were performed. Analysis of the simulation trajectories, including root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), center of mass (COM) distances, and strength of nonbonded interactions, when compared with FEP/λ-REMD calculations of ligand binding free energy, showed excellent agreement with experimentally determined inhibition constants. Together, the results show that a combination of a molecule’s hydrophobicity and nonspecific interactions with nearby functional groups contribute to a competitively inhibitive mechanism that locks DszB in a closed conformation and precludes substrate access to the active site. Limitations in DszB’s potential applications in industrial sulfur fixation are not limited to turnover rate. To better characterize DszB stability and to gain insight into ways by which to extend lifetime, as well as to pave the way for future studies in inhibition regulation, we evaluated the basic thermal and kinetic stability of DszB in a variety of solvation environments. Thermal stability of DszB was measured in a wide range of different commercially available buffer additives using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) to quickly identify favorable changes in protein melting point. Additionally, a fluorescent kinetic assay was employed to investigate DszB reaction rate over a 48 hr time period in a more focused group of buffer to link thermal stability to DszB life-time. Results indicate a concerningly poor short-term stability of DszB, with an extreme preference for select osmolyte buffer additives that only moderately curbed this effect. This necessitates a means of stability improvement beyond alteration of solvation environment. To this end, a more general investigation of glycosylation and its impact on protein stability was performed. Post-translational modification of proteins occurs in organisms from all kingdoms life, with glycosylation being among the most prevalent of amendments. The types of glycans attached differ greatly by organism but can be generally described as protein-attached carbohydrate chains of variable lengths and degrees of branching. With great diversity in structure, glycosylation serves numerous biological functions, including signaling, recognition, folding, and stability. While it is understood that glycans fulfill a variety of important roles, structural and biochemical characterization of even common motifs and preferred rotamers is incomplete. To better understand glycan structure, particularly their relevance to protein stability, we modeled and computed the solvation free energy of 13 common N- and O-linked glycans in a variety of conformations using thermodynamic integration. N-linked glycans were modeled in the β-1,4-linked conformation, attached to an asparagine analog, while O-linked glycans were each modeled in both the α-1,4 and β-1,4-linked conformations attached to both serine and threonine analogs. Results indicate a strong preference for the β conformation and show a synergistic effect of branching on glycan solubility. Our results serve as a library of solvation free energies for fundamental glycan building blocks to enhance understanding of more complex protein-carbohydrate structures moving forward.
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8

Besher, Elmarghani M. "Low temperature Claus reactor studies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30563.

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A small-scale fluidized bed reactor (0.1m ID, 0.86m high) was used to carry out the Claus reaction 2H₂S + SO₂ ⇌3/X Sx + 2H₂O at low temperatures (100 to 150°C) where elemental sulphur condensed on the catalyst particles (Kaiser alumina S-501, 195µm mean particle size). The experimental apparatus was similar to that described by Bonsu and Meisen (1985). The feed gas consisted of pure nitrogen mixed with H₂S and SO₂ in the ratio of 2 to 1. The H₂S concentration was varied from 200 to 1300 ppm. The feed gas flow rate ranged from approximately 1.4 to 5.6 m³/h. The corresponding U/Umf ranges were approximately 2.2 to 8.8. The bed heights varied from 0.12 to 0.38m. It was found that the experimental conversion efficiencies ranged from 60 to 96% and that they were less than those predicted thermodynamically. The conversion efficiency was found to increase with H₂S concentration and catalyst bed height; it decreased with gas flow rate. Contrary to thermodynamic predictions, the conversion efficiency increased with temperature. These results suggest that thermodynamic equilibrium was not achieved in the reactor. The decline in conversion due to catalyst fouling was measured as a function of catalyst sulphur content. The experimental results could be interpreted by means of a bubbling bed model. New analytical expressions for predicting the overall conversion and the concentration profiles were developed for reactions of order n. For the Claus reaction, where n=1.5, good agreement was found between the model predictions and experimental values. The model properly discribed the observed behavior resulting from changes in feed concentration, bed temperature, U/Umf and static bed height. The bubbling bed model was used to predict the effect of particle size on conversion for various operating gas velocities and bed dimensions. The model predictions showed that the canversion improved with decreasing particle size and that the improvement depended on U/Umf. The bubbling bed model was modified for conditions where condensed sulphur fouled the catalyst. A catalyst deactivation function, derived from first principles and based on catalyst sulphur content, was incorporated into the rate expression. The modified model predicted the the experimental measurements well and conclusions are drawn regarding the continuous operation of fluidized bed Claus reactor operating under sulphur condensing conditions. A general procedure is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the bubbling bed model in the design of large scale reactors; examples for specific conditions are given. Attrition tests were performed on the catalyst at U/Umf=5.1 and room temperatures. It was found that most of the attrition occurred in the first few hours when the catalyst particles were rough. The overall test results indicated that attrition of the catalyst was negligibly small thereby suggesting the suitability of the Kaiser S-501 catalyst for long term use in fluidized bed Claus reactors.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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9

Adikesavalu, Ravichandran. "Preliminary modeling of in-duct desulfurization using condensation aerosols." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177616476.

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Berry, David A. "Investigation of hot gas desulfurization utilizing a transport reactor." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=500.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 101 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-85).
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Книги з теми "Desulfurization reaction"

1

Sánchez-Delgado, Roberto A. Organometallic modeling of the hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2002.

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Organometallic modeling of the hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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3

Shen, Henriette Kai Yee. Reaction mechanism for flue gas desulfurization by in-furnace limestone slurry injection. 1996.

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4

Tarbuck, Teresa L. Fundamental studies of the adsorption and reactions of thiophene on alumina-supported molybdenum catalysts. 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Desulfurization reaction"

1

Yang, Hongbo, Jingshe Li, Zengfu Gao, Fangfang Song, and Wanliang Yang. "Study on Flow-Reaction Desulfurization of RH by Physical Experiment." In Materials Processing Fundamentals, 45–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118662199.ch5.

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Yang, Hongbo, Jingshe Li, Zengfu Gao, Fangfang Song, and Wanliang Yang. "Study on Flow-Reaction Desulfurization of RH by Physical Experiment." In Materials Processing Fundamentals, 45–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48197-5_5.

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Friend, C. M. "Desulfurization Reactions Induced by Transition Metal Surfaces." In Surface Reactions, 55–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78746-1_3.

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Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M., and Z. Li. "Kinetics of Sulfidation Reactions Between H2S and Bulk Oxide Sorbents." In Desulfurization of Hot Coal Gas, 179–211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58977-5_10.

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5

Pfleiderer, Wolfgang, and Bernd S. Schulz. "Organic Electrochemistry, IV1: Electrochemical Desulfurization Reactions of Thiolumazines." In Redox Chemistry and Interfacial Behavior of Biological Molecules, 447–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9534-2_33.

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6

Doğu, Gülşen, and Timur Doğu. "Kinetics of Capture of Sulfur Dioxide and Applications to Flue Gas Desulfurization." In Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactors and Products, 467–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_19.

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Sareen, Neha, and Subrato Bhattacharya. "Cleaner Energy Fuels." In Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering, 84–128. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9545-0.ch003.

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Today, SO2 pollution has become a glaring problem especially in India and China. Thus, desulfurization of fossil fuels has become an essential area of research. Advances in experimental sciences to explain the desulfurization mechanism will be beneficial to the rational designing of more effective HDS catalysts. Several reaction pathways involving desulfurization of thiophene have been compiled. Also, a repertoire of the desulfurization pathways encountered in the author's laboratory has been provided. The results will not only throw light on some unusual mechanisms of desulfurization process but also break the popular belief that desulfurization is limited to C-S bond cleavage only. The reactions may also serve as a basis for engineering optimal catalysts for future applications.
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Ahmad, Waqas. "Sulfur in Petroleum." In Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering, 1–52. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9545-0.ch001.

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This chapter describes the occurrence of organosulfur compounds in petroleum, their detrimental effects and various techniques for removal of these compounds. The sole commercial desulfurization process i.e. HDS is broadly discussed in terms of reaction conditions, different types of catalysts used, reactor design and mechanistic pathways in the process. The shortcomings of HDS and needs for developing new desulfurization techniques is also described. Various newly developed research techniques for desulfurization are also discussed with their technical backgrounds, commercial overview, advantages and shortcomings in the light of literature reports. These techniques include, Adsorptive desulfurization, Bio-desulfurization, Precipitative desulfurization, and Oxidative desulfurization with its sub types like ODS using H2O2- Polyoxometalates (POM), ODS with Ionic liquids, Photo-oxidative desulphurization and Ultrasound Assisted ODS.
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Farag, Hamdy, and Masahiro Kishida. "Kinetic Models for Complex Parallel–Consecutive Reactions Assessment of Reaction Network and Product Selectivity." In Petrochemical Catalyst Materials, Processes, and Emerging Technologies, 330–51. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9975-5.ch012.

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Kinetic models were developed to account for the partial contributions of intermediates in complex parallel–consecutive reactions. The models allow precise estimation of the apparent rate constants of all steps in such a reaction network. The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) over CoMo-based alumina and carbon catalysts, and over an unsupported molybdenum sulfide catalyst, were investigated in a batch reactor and used to represent this type of reaction. The HDS reactions proceeded through two parallel–consecutive reaction pathways, i.e., direct desulfurization (DDS) and hydrogenation (HYD), in which two main intermediates, namely biphenyl and partially hydrogenated DBT, were involved. Different selectivities in terms of yield fraction (percentage ratio of HYD/DDS) were observed for these catalysts. The results are discussed in the context of proposed HDS reaction networks. Use of these models enables more accurate assessment of differences among the performances of different catalysts.
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Ge, Hui, Mingxing Tang, and Xiao-Dong Wen. "Ni/ZnO Nano Sorbent for Reactive Adsorption Desulfurization of Refinery Oil Streams." In Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering, 216–39. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9545-0.ch007.

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The aim of this chapter is to present the Ni/ZnO nano-sorbent for reactive adsorption desulfurization (RADS) of refinery oil steams. The preparation and modification of nano-sorbent are reviewed. Various characterizations involving in the relation of properties with components, structures and dynamic phase change during RADS, are extensively provided. The mechanisms of desulfurization, sulfur transfer and sulfur adsorption are proposed. The contradictories in literature about active structures and reaction mechanism are discussed and the solutions are suggested. This chapter unfolds the impressive application of RADS of Ni/ZnO nano-sorbent to produce a cleaner gasoline. It also delves into the inadequately engineer areas which require further attention so as to make the RADS process more economic and more efficient. The perspective applications other than gasoline desulfurization are also presented.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Desulfurization reaction"

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ZHOU, Mi, Zhao-Yuan FENG, Zi-Yang MA, Jiang LU, Jun-Xia LI, and Ning CHEN. "Numerical Simulation of Marine Desulfurization Tower based on Cyclone Reaction." In 2018 International Conference on Energy Development and Environmental Protection (EDEP 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/edep-18.2018.38.

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Wang, Lidong, Yongliang Ma, Gang Yuan, and Jiming Hao. "Study on the Reaction Characteristics of Flue Gas Desulfurization by Magnesia." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163522.

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Silaen, Armin, Bin Wu, Chenn Q. Zhou, and William Breen. "Numerical Model of FGD Unit in Power Plant." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37720.

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Numerical model technique was employed to model the reactive multiphase flow inside a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) unit. The model was divided into two parts: (a) the absorption tower model and (b) the reaction tank model. Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was employed in the absorption tower model. Discrete phase model was used to model the limestone slurry droplets and the SO2 absorption by the limestone slurry was included in the model. Eulerian-Eulerian approach was employed in the reaction tank model where the oxidation of the slurry to form gypsum was modeled. The absorption tower model and the reaction tank model are coupled. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the SO2 removal efficiency of the unit.
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Guo, Rui-tang, Wei-guo Pan, Xiao-bo Zhang, Jiang Wu, and Jian-xing Ren. "Dissolution Rate of Limestone for Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization in the Presence of Citric Acid." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55403.

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Dissolution rate of limestone for wet flue gas desulfurization in the presence of citric acid was measured by pH-stat method. It was found that limestone dissolution rate in the presence of citric acid was controlled by mass transfer. As can be seen from the experimental results, in the presence of citric acid, limestone dissolution rate increased with increasing stirring speed and reaction temperature. When pH value was greater than or equal to 5.5, due to the formation of calcium citrate, citric acid would inhibit the dissolution process of limestone. And the inhibition effect was more obvious at higher pH value.
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Wang, Q., H. Niida, P. Apar, Q. Chen, L. Gui, Q. Qian, N. Mitsumura, et al. "Clarification of the reaction at the solution interface of pyrite during oil agglomeration for developing desulfurization and coal cleaning efficiency." In ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus130261.

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Shukla, Rishabh, Ravikiran Anapagaddi, Amarendra K. Singh, Jitesh H. Panchal, Janet K. Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "Exploring the Design Set Points of Refining Operation in Ladle for Cost Effective Desulfurization and Inclusion Removal." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46265.

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This paper is motivated by a need identified by steel makers, namely, the need to produce steel products with new and often more stringent set of specifications and enhanced performances (such as fatigue life and corrosion behavior) using existing equipment cost-effectively. Manufacturing a steel product involves series of unit operations, each having a significant bearing on the properties of the end product. This paper focuses on studying the effect of one such unit operation, namely, ladle refining. The performance like corrosion behavior and fatigue life and properties of advanced high strength steel are greatly influenced by its cleanliness and by maintaining composition within specified bounds. Cleanliness of steel is assessed in terms of the count and nature of inclusions present and the levels of tramp elements such as sulfur, phosphorus and total oxygen present in the liquid steel. The desired composition is maintained with respect to alloying elements (Ni, Cr, Mn, etc.) that are added to impart certain properties to the steel. The ladle furnace is one of the key unit operations for carrying out deoxidation and desulfurization to maintain the levels of oxygen and sulfur within a tolerable limit. Deoxidation reaction during refining lead to formation of a number of which are deleterious in nature and should be removed. The effectiveness of the ladle operation is thus influenced by conflicting goals such as inclusion removal efficiency, desulfurization and the cost of refining. George Box is reputed to have observed that all models are wrong and some are useful. In keeping with George Box’s observation we suggest that our challenge is to determine the set points for the ladle unit operation using computational models that at best capture the essence of reality but not reality itself. Therefore, the need is to find solutions that are relatively insensitive to the inherent uncertainties embodied in the computational model while satisficing the conflicting goals. In this paper we present a method for visualizing and exploring the solution space using the compromise Decision Support Problem (cDSP) as a decision model. We illustrate the efficacy of our method, for use by steel producers, by determining the set points for a ladle, in an industrial setting.
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Zhang, Shuyang, Xiaoxin Wang, and Peiwen Li. "Hydrogen Production via Catalytic Autothermal Reforming of Desulfurized Jet-A Fuel." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59095.

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On-board hydrogen production via catalytic autothermal reforming is beneficial to vehicles using fuel cells because it eliminates the challenges of hydrogen storage. As the primary fuel for both civilian and military air flight application, Jet-A fuel (after desulfurization) was reformed for making hydrogen-rich fuels in this study using an in-house-made Rh/NiO/K-La-Ce-Al-OX ATR catalyst under various operating conditions. Based on the preliminary thermodynamic analysis of reaction equilibrium, important parameters such as ratios of H2O/C and O2/C were selected, in the range of 1.1–2.5 and 0.5–1.0, respectively. The optimal operating conditions were experimentally obtained at the reactor’s temperature of 696.2 °C, which gave H2O/C = 2.5 and O2/C = 0.5, and the obtained fuel conversion percentage, hydrogen yield (can be large than 1 from definition), and energy efficiency were 88.66%, 143.84%, and 64.74%, respectively. In addition, a discussion of the concentration variation of CO and CO2 at different H2O/C, as well as the analysis of fuel conversion profile, leads to the finding of effective approaches for suppression of coke formation.
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Zhang, Jun, Kunlei Liu, Wei-Ping Pan, John T. Riley, and Yiqian Xu. "Characterization of Ash Deposition During Co-Combustion of Coal With Refuse-Derived Fuels in a Pilot FBC Facility." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-099.

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This paper presents data from a recent investigation of the character of ash deposition in the convective zone (547°C to 338°C) in a 0.1 MWth bench-scale FBC system at Western Kentucky University. The ash deposit samples were collected during co-firing experiments using two coals with various blends of a refuse-derived fuel (RDF). A low sulfur coal, a high sulfur coal, and commercially available RDF sample were selected to investigate the influence of sulfur and chlorine in the fuels on the formation of ash deposits. Limestone was added to the combustor as the bed material and desulfurization sorbent. The results showed that the formation of ash deposits had a close relationship to the active fine lime particles produced from the limestone. An increase in the concentration of SOx in the flue gas restricts the formation of the ash deposits because of the reaction between SOx and the fine lime particles, which drops the adhesive force of the fine lime particles by reducing the contact area among the particles. With an increase in the content of the RDF in the fuels, the rate of deposit of ash decreased because of the higher content of chlorine and aluminum, which also decreased the contact area among the particles, leading to a low deposition rate of the fly ash.
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Monazam, Esmail R., and Lawrence J. Shadle. "Fuel Gas Clean-Up in a Transport Reactor: Model Development and Analysis." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78082.

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Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is the leading coal-fired system being developed by the U. S. Department of Energy to produce clean electricity from coal. One of the key components of this IGCC is fuel gas desulfurization (HGD) which is used to remove sulfurous compounds from coal gases with efficient, regenerable, mixed-metal oxide sorbents. Previous commercial desulfurization processes are based on wet scrubbing at or below ambient temperatures, resulting in considerable thermal efficiency loss as well as costly wastewater treatment. This has led to the development of gas-solid processes using transport reactors above the dew point of water. These systems offer the advantages of high throughput, continuous operation, and efficiency gains over low-temperature scrubbing of H2S. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is developing a simplified transport reactor mathematical model to provide a quick estimation of pressure drops and conversions as a function of riser dimensions, sorbent properties and gas velocity. Hydrodynamics and a solid conversion model, together with a transport reactor mass balance, are used to predict the performance of a fuel gas desulfurization reactor. Experimental data collected at NETL’s Gas Process Development Unit (GPDU) are used to provide an initial assessment of the model.
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Ora, Mikko, Johanna Järvi, Mikko Oivanen, and Harri Lönnberg. "Hydrolytic reactions of the phosphorodithioate analog of uridylyl(3',5')uridine: Cleavage, desulfurization and isomerization." In XIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css199902230.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Desulfurization reaction"

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Woods, M., K. Leese, S. Gangwall, D. Harrison, and K. Jothimurugesan. Reaction kinetics and simulation models for novel high-temperature desulfurization sorbents: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6381431.

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Miller, Aubrey L. Numerical Modeling of Reactive Multiphase Flow for FCC and Hot Gas Desulfurization Circulating Fluidized Beds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877149.

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Silaban, A., and D. P. Harrison. Enhanced durability and reactivity for zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Volume 2, Single particle kinetic studies of sulfidation and regeneration reactions of candidate zinc ferrite sorbents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163720.

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