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Статті в журналах з теми "Design refrigeration capacity"
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Dubey, Gautam A., Vinay R. Chaurasia, Amit Kumar, S. Chaurasiya, Vidyesh T. Churi, and M. A. Gulbarga. "Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Portable Medical Refrigerator for Remote and Rural areas based on Peltier Effect." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The medicine and vaccine require to store in the refrigerator the continuous provision of electrical energy is required so that their efficacy is not affected. This represents an important problem for rural areas where there is no continuous electrical energy. In this work, we design a solar energy system for refrigeration of cold storage medicines to be used in rural towns without giving continuous electrical. The system uses a thermoelectric refrigerator based on the Peltier effect, which produces a temperature difference when electrical power is provided to it. It will be shown that for a typical application for vaccine refrigeration, the required solar panel is about 100W peak connected to batteries with a storage capacity of 20Ah. The designed refrigeration system has a 14-liter volume capacity of vaccines at temperatures in the range of 14° to 15°C using a Peltier cell (TEC) that consumes 28 W at 12V. Keywords: Refrigeration, Thermoelectric, Solar energy, Peltier.
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Yadav, Varun, Supradeepa Panual G, Neeraj Yadav, Ratnam Bordia, Rohini Soni, and Rinkesh Khandey. "Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017002011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Engineering is all about the application of knowledge and ideas for continuous development in society. In today’s world, there is a strong need for an environment-friendly refrigerating system, therefore, our focus is on a solar powered vapour absorption refrigeration system. This project focuses on a cooling system that minimizes the dependency over electricity and to show our ability to save our resources for future generations. The objective of this work was to design and fabricate a vapour absorption refrigeration system, using LiBr-H20, as the refrigerants and powered by solar energy. Performance Evaluation of the system has been done on the basis of different operating conditions and parameters like, solar irradiance, collector, generator, condenser and evaporator temperature. The COP of the system was obtained as 0.1 and the capacity was 0.01 TR. Since it’s an ab-initio development it will be a unique one in terms of understanding and underlying engineering. The system is an eccentric one that can be operated by multiple heat sources like solar energy, biomass etc. without much change in the design. This system can be used to develop an Air Conditioner, Refrigerator or a Chiller.
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Радченко, Микола Іванович, Євген Іванович Трушляков, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Богдан Сергійович Портной та Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв. "МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ ЗА МАКСИМАЛЬНИМ ТЕМПОМ ПРИРОЩЕННЯ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ (на прикладі кондиціювання повітря енергетичного призначення)". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (14 жовтня 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is justified the necessity of taking into consideration changes in thermal loads on the air conditioning system (heat and moisture treatment of air by cooling it with decreasing temperature and moisture content) in accordance with the current climatic conditions of operation. Since the effect of air cooling depends on the duration of its use and the amount of cold consumption, it is suggested that it be determined by the amount of cold spent per year for air conditioning at the GTU inlet, that is, for annual refrigerating capacity. The example of heat-using air conditioning at the inlet of a gas turbine unite (energy–efficient air conditioning systems) analyzes the annual costs of cooling for cooling ambient air to the temperature of 15 °C by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and two-stage air cooling: to a temperature of 15 °C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and down to temperature 10 °С – in a refrigerant ejector chiller as the stages of a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the installed (project) refrigerating capacity of waste heat recovery chiller.It is shown that, based on the varying rate of increment in the annual production of cold (annual refrigeration capacity) due to the change in the thermal load in accordance with current climatic conditions, it is necessary to select such a design thermal load for the air conditioning system (installed refrigeration capacity of chillers), which ensures the achievement of maximum or close to it annual production of cold at a relatively high rate of its increment. It is analyzed the dependence of the increment on the annual refrigerated capacity, relative to the installed refrigeration capacity, on the installed refrigeration capacity, in order to determine the installed refrigeration capacity, which provides the maximum rate of increase in the annual refrigerating capacity (annual production of cold). Based on the results of the research, it is proposed the method for determining the rational thermal load of the air conditioning system (installed – the design refrigeration capacity of the chiller) in accordance with the changing climatic conditions of operation during the year, which provides nearby the maximum annual production of cold at relatively high rates of its growth
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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович, Богдан Сергійович Портной, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Олександр Ігорович Прядко та Іван Володимирович Калініченко. "ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТД ХОЛОДИЛЬНИМИ МАШИНАМИ ШЛЯХОМ АКУМУЛЯЦІЇ ХОЛОДУ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (28 серпня 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.4.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine engines by exhaust heat conversion chiller, which transforms the GTE exhaust gases heat into cold, under variable climatic operating conditions, has been investigated. Considered is the use of a combined absorption-ejector exhaust heat conversion chiller with a step-by-step principle of air cooling at the gas turbine engines inlet: preliminary down to 15°C – by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller (ACh), which is used as a high-temperature air cooling stage, and further cooling down to 10°C – by a refrigerant ejector chiller (ECh) as a low-temperature cooling stage. Reserves have been identified for reducing the design (installed) refrigeration capacity of chillers by accumulating excess cold at reduced current heat loads with its use at increased heat loads. In this case, the design (installed) refrigeration capacity of chillers was determined by two methods: the first – based on the close to the maximum reduction in annual fuel consumption, the second – according to the maximum rate of increase in the reduction in annual fuel consumption. A scheme of the air cooling system at the gas turbine engines inlet using the refrigeration capacity reserve of the ACh, which provides preliminary cooling of the ambient air at the gas turbine engines inlet, in the booster stage, using the ACh accumulated excess refrigeration capacity has been proposed. The ACh excess refrigerating capacity, which is formed at decreased heat loads on the air coolers at the gas turbine engines inlet, is accumulated in the cold accumulator and is used at increased heat loads. The simulation results show the advisability of using the air cooling system at the gas turbine engine inlet with using the ACh accumulated excess refrigeration capacity, which allows reducing the ACh design (installed) refrigeration capacity by approximately 40%.
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Ganesh, Mandave. "Design of Evaporator Coil and Performance Evaluation of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System with Three Layer Evaporator." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The performance of a vapour compression refrigeration system with a three-layer zigzag evaporator is evaluated in this research. The primary goal of this study is to compare the performance of a household refrigerator with a capacity of 165 litres, R-12as refrigerant, and a three layer zigzag shaped evaporator to that of an existing system. The refrigerant capacity of this evaporator assembly is maximised.
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Keawkamrop, Thawatchai, and Somchai Wongwises. "Effect of Cycle Frequency of a Reciprocating Magnetic Refrigerator Prototype on the Temperature Span and Cooling Capacity." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 01 (March 2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magnetic refrigeration is an environment-friendly cooling technology and an interesting potential replacement for the vapor compression refrigeration system. This paper presents a linear reciprocating magnetic refrigerator prototype that operates at room temperature by using gadolinium parallel plates under a maximum magnetic field intensity of 0.94[Formula: see text]T. The design, installation and preliminary results are reported. The temperature span and cooling capacity are studied in a function of cycle frequency, and the results show the cycle frequency effects on temperature span and cooling capacity. The maximum temperature span and cooling capacity for cycle frequency of 0.16[Formula: see text]Hz are 1.3[Formula: see text]K and 4.68[Formula: see text]W, respectively. The results from the experiment will be a guideline to determine the maximum performance of the magnetic refrigerator prototype.
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KHOROLSKY, Valentyn, Yurii KORENETS, Yulіya PETRUSHYNA, and Ivan RASCHEKHMAROV. "IMPROVEMENT OF SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AND CONTROLLING THE PROCESS OF FREEZING PRODUCTS IN REFRIGERATING CHAMBERS OF INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATORS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 305, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-305-1-247-255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article proposes a set of theoretical and practical attributes associated with design decisions regarding the processes of freezing meat products in refrigerators with a large load capacity of industrial refrigerators. A system of intelligent sensors has been developed to control the parameters of the geometry of the carcass of cattle meat and signs of the state of the evaporators of the refrigeration chamber and the refrigeration supply system of an industrial refrigerator. An automatic recognition system has been developed that works in real time and determines: geometric parameters of local and integral sections of the carcass in the form of a plane, radii, length, width, number of contour inflection points, geometric center of image elements; humidity settings. This system constantly analyzes the space of sections of the refrigerating chamber. An intelligent system for neurocontrol of the refrigeration supply of a refrigerating chamber is proposed, in which two video cameras and matrix sensors with piezoelectric elements for assessing the shape of a cattle carcass are mounted; it has been proved that the expert ink image bank allows using reference methods of comparative analysis. Thanks to the interface with information support subsystems, the system provides the operator-technologist with video information and automatically affects the intelligent actuators of compressors, fans, condensers. A system for neuro-fuzzy control of the evaporator freezing process has been developed, which provides for an expert system, a recognition algorithm, an expert image bank of an evaporator with a snow coat and an intelligent mechanism for the impact of ultrasonic vibrations on the surface of a cooling device. A generalized algorithm for the operation of refrigeration control systems for the refrigerating chamber of an industrial refrigerator and a method for its use are presented.
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Li, Jie, Xin Ping Ou Yang, and Lian Jie Zhang. "Structure Design of a New Kind of Rotary Refrigeration Compressor." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper introduces the working principle and components structure of a new kind rotary refrigeration compressor which receives the merits of some existing rotary refrigeration compressors and discards some application limitation. The new type refrigeration compressor has the characteristics of fewer parts as well as simple structure, easy manufacturing, smooth operation and wide application capacity. In this paper the author puts emphasis on the discharge structure, capacity regulation mechanism, piston flexibleness and seal body.
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Mani, Kolandavel, Vellappan Selladurai, and Natarajan Murugan. "Experimental investigations with eco-friendly refrigerants using design of experiments technique-mathematical modeling and experimental validation." Thermal Science 18, suppl.2 (2014): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110805114m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper mathematical models were developed using design of experiments technique for the performance prediction of refrigeration system parameters such as refrigerating capacity, power consumption and coefficient of performance. The models developed were checked for their adequacy using F-test. The performances of vapour compression refrigeration system with different refrigerants R12, R134a and R290/R600a were compared. The R290/R600a mixture showed 10.7-23.6% higher coefficient of performance than that with R12 and R134a and it was found that the hydrocarbon mixture with 68% propane and 32% iso-butane could be used as a substitute for R12 and R134a.
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Alahmer, Ali, Malik Al-Amayreh, Ahmad O. Mostafa, Mohammad Al-Dabbas, and Hegazy Rezk. "Magnetic Refrigeration Design Technologies: State of the Art and General Perspectives." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 4662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154662.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magnetic refrigeration is a fascinating superior choice technology as compared with traditional refrigeration that relies on a unique property of particular materials, known as the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). This paper provides a thorough understanding of different magnetic refrigeration technologies using a variety of models to evaluate the coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling capacity outputs. Accordingly, magnetic refrigeration models are divided into four categories: rotating, reciprocating, C-shaped magnetic refrigeration, and active magnetic regenerator. The working principles of these models were described, and their outputs were extracted and compared. Furthermore, the influence of the magnetocaloric effect, the magnetization area, and the thermodynamic processes and cycles on the efficiency of magnetic refrigeration was investigated and discussed to achieve a maximum cooling capacity. The classes of magnetocaloric magnetic materials were summarized from previous studies and their potential magnetic characteristics are emphasized. The essential characteristics of magnetic refrigeration systems are highlighted to determine the significant advantages, difficulties, drawbacks, and feasibility analyses of these systems. Moreover, a cost analysis was provided in order to judge the feasibility of these systems for commercial use.
Дисертації з теми "Design refrigeration capacity"
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Trushliakov, E., A. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, S. Kantor, O. Zielikov, Є. Трушляков, А. Радченко, М. Радченко, С. Кантор, and А. Зеліков. "The efficiency of refrigeration capacity regulation in ambient air conditioning systems." Thesis, 2020. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The efficiency of refrigeration capacity regulation in ambient air conditioning systems = Ефективність регулювання холодопродуктивності в системах кондиціювання зовнішнього повітря / E. Trushliakov, A. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, S. Kantor, O. Zielikov // Матеріали XI міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2020. – Т. 1. – С. 475–480.Розроблено новий метод і підхід до аналізу ефективності системи кондиціювання зовнішнього повітря, згідно з яким весь діапазон змінних теплових навантажень поділяється на дві зони: зона обробки навколишнього повітря зі значними коливаннями поточного теплового навантаження і зона без коливань. Пропонований спосіб регулювання холодопродуктивності дозволяє підвищити ефективність використання встановленої холодопродуктивності в поточних кліматичних умовах.
Abstract. A new method and approach to analyzing the efficiency of ambient air conditioning system has been developed, according to which the overall range of changeable heat loads is divided in two zones: the zone of ambient air processing with considerable fluctuations of the current heat load and a zone without fluctuations. The proposed method of the refrigeration capacity regulation allows to increase the efficiency of utilizing the installed refrigeration capacity in current climatic conditions.
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Radchenko, M., E. Trushliakov, A. Radchenko, S. Kantor, V. Tkachenko, М. Радченко, Є. Трушляков, А. Радченко, С. Кантор, and В. Ткаченко. "Approach to enhance the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems by cooling load distribution in ambient air procession." Thesis, 2020. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4346.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Approach to enhance the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems by cooling load distribution in ambient air procession = Підхід до підвищення енергетичної ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря шляхом розподілу холодопродуктивності при обробці зовнішнього повітря / M. Radchenko, E. Trushliakov, A. Radchenko, S. Kantor, V. Tkachenko // Матеріали XI міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2020. – Т. 1. – С. 490–500.У загальному випадку весь діапазон холодопродуктивності будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря включає нестабільний діапазон і порівняно стабільну частину холодопродуктивності для подальшого охолодження повітря. Таким чином, стабільний діапазон холодопродуктивності може бути забезпечений роботою звичайного компресора, в той час як режим із значними коливаннями холодопродуктивності вимагає її модуляції. Пропонований підхід може бути використаний для проектування систем зі змінним потоком хладагента (VRF), забезпечених системою обробки зовнішнього повітря (OAP).
Abstract. In general case, an overall cooling load band of any air conditioning system comprises the unstable cooling load range and a comparatively stable cooling load part for further air cooling. Thus, the stable cooling load range can be covered by operation of conventional compressor, meantime mode with considerable cooling load fluctuation needs load modulation. A proposed method can be adopted for designing Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems provided with Outdoor Air Processing (OAP) system.
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Трушляков, Є. І., А. М. Радченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, E. I. Trushliakov, A. M. Radchenko, B. S. Portnoi та S. G. Forduy. "Методи визначення теплового навантаження систем кондиціювання повітря з урахуванням поточних кліматичних умов". Thesis, 2019. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Методи визначення теплового навантаження систем кондиціювання повітря з урахуванням поточних кліматичних умов = Methods to determine the heat load of air conditioning systems with account of current climatic conditions / Є. І. Трушляков, А. М. Радченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй // Матеріали X міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2019. – Т. 1. – С. 493–497.Анотація. Одним з найбільш привабливих резервів підвищення енергетичної ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря є забезпечення роботи холодильних компресорів в номінальному або близькому до номінального режимах шляхом вибору раціонального проектного теплового навантаження та його розподілу в межах його проектної величини відповідно до характеру поточного теплового навантаження за змінних поточних кліматичних умов з метою максимального або близького до нього річного виробництва холоду відповідно до його витрат на кондиціювання повітря. В загальному випадку весь діапазон поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря включає діапазон нестабільних навантажень, пов’язаних з попереднім охолодженням зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями витрат холодопродуктивності відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов, і порівняно стабільну частку холодильної потужності, що витрачається на подальше зниження температури повітря від певної порогової температури до кінцевої температури на виході. Цілком очевидно, що стабільний діапазон теплового навантаження може бути забезпечений при роботі звичайного компресора в режимі, близькому до номінального режимі, тоді як попереднє охолодження зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями теплового навантаження потребує регулювання холодопродуктивності шляхом застосування компресора з регульованою швидкістю. Таким чином, за характером зміни поточних теплових навантажень будь-яка система кондиціювання повітря, чи то центральна система кондиціювання повітря з його тепловологісною обробкою в центральному кондиціонері, чи то її комбінація з місцевою рециркуляційною системою кондиціювання повітря в приміщеннях, по суті, складається з двох підсистем: попереднього охолодження зовнішнього повітря і його подальшого охолодження до встановленої кінцевої температури. Запропонований метод розподілу проектного теплового навантаження в залежності від характеру поточних теплових навантажень є корисним для раціонального проектування систем центрального кондиціювання повітря та їх комбінованих версій з місцевою системою кондиціювання повітря.
Abstract. One of the most attractive reserves for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems is to ensure the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close to nominal modes by selecting a rational design heat load and distributing it within its design value according to the behavior of the current heat load under variable current climatic conditions to provide the maximum or close to maximum annual cooling capacity generation accord-ing to cooling duties of air conditioning. In the general case, the overall range of current thermal loads of any air conditioning system includes a range of unstable loads associated with the precooling of ambient air with significant fluctuations in cooling capacity according with current climatic conditions, and a relatively stable range of cooling capacity consumed to further reduce air temperature from a certain threshold temperature to the final outlet tem-perature. It is quite obvious that a stable range of heat load can be ensured within operating a conventional com-pressor in a mode close to the nominal mode, while precooling the ambient air with significant fluctuations in heat load requires regulation of the cooling capacity through the use of a variable speed compressor. Thus, in response of the behavior of the change in current heat loads, any air conditioning system, whether the central air-conditioning system with its heat procession in a central air conditioner, or a combination thereof with a local recirculation sys-tem of indoor air, essentially consists of two subsystems: pre-cooling the ambient air and then cooling it to the set point temperature. The proposed method of distribution of design heat load depending on the behaviour of current heat load is useful for the rational design of central air conditioning systems and their combined versions with the local air conditioning system.
Аннотация. Одним из самых привлекательных резервов повышения энергетической эффективности систем кондиционирования воздуха является обеспечение работы холодильных компрессоров в номинальном или близком к номинальному режимах путем выбора рационального проектной тепловой нагрузки и ее распределения в пределах ее проектной величины в соответствии с характером текущей тепловой нагрузки в соответствии с меняющимися текущими климатическими условиями с целью максимального или близкого к нему годового производства холода в соответствии с его расходованием на кондиционирование воздуха. В общем случае весь диапазон текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха включает диапазон нестабильных нагрузок, связанных с предварительным охлаждением наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями затрат холодопроизводительности в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями, и сравнительно стабильную долю холодопроизводительности, расходуемой на снижение температуры воздуха от определенной пороговой температуры до конечной температуры на выходе. Совершенно очевидно, что стабильный диапазон тепловой нагрузки может быть обеспечен при работе обычного компрессора в режиме, близком к номинальному, тогда как предварительное охлаждение наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями тепловой нагрузки требует регулирования холодопроизводительности путем применения компрессора с регулируемой скоростью. Таким образом, по характеру изменения текущих тепловых нагрузок любая система кондиционирования воздуха, то ли центральная система кондиционирования воздуха с его тепловлажностной обработкой в центральном кондиционере, то ли ее комбинация с местной рециркуляционной системой кондиционирования воздуха в помещениях, по сути, состоит из двух подсистем: предварительного охлаждения наружного воздуха и его дальнейшего охлаждения до установленной конечной температуры. Предложенный метод распределения проектного тепловой нагрузки в зависимости от характера текущих тепловых нагрузок весьма полезный для рационального проектирования систем центрального кондиционирования воздуха и их комбинированных версий с местной системой кондиционирования воздуха.
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Трушляков, Є. І., А. М. Радченко, В. С. Ткаченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, С. А. Кантор, E. I. Trushliakov та ін. "Ступеневий принцип розподілу теплового навантаження в системі кондиціювання повітря". Thesis, 2019. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ступеневий принцип розподілу теплового навантаження в системі кондиціювання повітря = The stage principle of distribution of thermal load in air conditioning systems / Є. І. Трушляков, А. М. Радченко, В. С. Ткаченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, С. А. Кантор // Матеріали X міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2019. – Т. 1. – С. 504–508.Анотація. Підтримання роботи холодильних компресорів в номінальному або близькому до нього режимах шляхом вибору раціонального проектного теплового навантаження та його розподілу за характером зміни поточного теплового навантаження відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов є одним з перспективних резервів підвищення енергетичної ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря, реалізація якого забезпечує досягнення максимального або близького до нього річного виробництва холоду відповідно до його витрат на кондиціювання повітря. В загальному випадку весь діапазон поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря включає діапазон нестабільних навантажень, обумовлених попереднім охолодженням зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями витрат холодопродуктивності відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов, і діапазон порівняно стабільної холодильної потужності, що витрачається на подальше зниження температури повітря від певної порогової температури до кінцевої температури на виході. Якщо діапазон стабільного теплового навантаження може бути забезпечений при роботі звичайного компресора в режимі, близькому до номінального, то попереднє охолодження зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями теплового навантаження потребує регулювання холодопродуктивності шляхом застосування компресора з регульованою швидкістю або ж використання надлишку холоду, закумульованого при знижених теплових навантаженнях. Такий ступеневий принцип охолодження забезпечує узгодження роботи холодильних машин з характером зміни поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря, чи то центральної системи кондиціювання повітря з його тепловологісною обробкою в центральному кондиціонері, чи то її комбінації з місцевою рециркуляційною системою кондиціювання повітря в приміщеннях, по суті, як комбінації підсистем – попереднього охолодження зовнішнього повітря з регулюванням холодопродуктивності та подальшого охолодження повітря до встановленої кінцевої температури в умовах відносно стабільного теплового навантаження.
Abstract. Maintaining the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close modes by selecting a rational design thermal load and distributing it in response to the behavior of the current thermal load according to the current climatic conditions is one of the promising reserves for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems, which implementation ensures maximum or close to it in the annual cooling production according to air conditioning duties. In general case, the total range of current thermal loads of any air-conditioning system includes a range of unstable loads caused by precooling of ambient air with significant fluctuations in the cooling capacity according to current climatic conditions, and a range of relatively stable cooling capacity expended for further lowering the air temperature from a certain threshold temperature to the final outlet temperature. If a range of stable thermal load can be provided within operating a conventional compressor in a mode close to nominal, then precooling the ambient air with significant fluctuations in thermal load requires adjusting the cooling capacity by using a variable speed compressor or using excess of heat accumulated at reduced load. Such a stage principle of cooling ensures the operation of refrigerating machines matching the behavior of current thermal loads of any air-conditioning system, whether the central air conditioning system with ambient air procession in the central air conditioner, or its combination with the local indoors recirculation air conditioning systems in the air-conditioning system. in essence, as combinations of subsystems – precooling of ambient air with regulation of cooling capacity and subsequent cooling air to the mouth of the set point temperature under relatively stable thermal load.
Аннотация. Поддержание работы холодильных компрессоров в номинальном или близком к нему режимах путем выбора рациональной проектной тепловой нагрузки и ее распределения согласно характеру изменения текущей тепловой нагрузки в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями является одним из перспективных резервов повышения энергетической эффективности систем кондиционирования воздуха, реализация которого обеспечивает достижение максимального или близкого к нему годового производства холода в соответствии с его расходованием на кондиционирование воздуха. В общем случае весь диапазон текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха включает диапазон нестабильных нагрузок, обусловленных предварительным охлаждением наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями затрат холодопроизводительности в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями, и диапазон сравнительно стабильной холодопроизводительности, расходуемой на дальнейшее понижение температуры воздуха от некоторой пороговой температуры до конечной температуры на выходе. Если диапазон стабильной тепловой нагрузки может быть покрыт при работе обычного компрессора в режиме, близком к номинальному, то предварительное охлаждение наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями тепловой нагрузки требует регулирования холодопроизводительности путем применения компрессора с регулируемой скоростью или использования избытка холода, аккумулированного при пониженных тепловых нагрузках. Такой ступенчатый принцип охлаждения обеспечивает согласование работы холодильных машин с характером изменения текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха, то ли центральной системы кондиционирования воздуха с его тепловлажностной обработкой в центральном кондиционере, то ли ее комбинации с местной циркуляционной системой кондиционирования воздуха в помещениях, по сути, как комбинации подсистем–предварительного охлаждения наружного воздуха с регулированием холодопроизводительности и последующего охлаждения воздуха до конечной температуры в условиях относительно стабильной тепловой нагрузки.
Частини книг з теми "Design refrigeration capacity"
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Trushliakov, Eugeniy, Andrii Radchenko, Mykola Radchenko, Serhiy Kantor, and Oleksii Zielikov. "The Efficiency of Refrigeration Capacity Regulation in the Ambient Air Conditioning Systems." In Advances in Design, Simulation and Manufacturing III, 343–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50491-5_33.
Повний текст джерела
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McCormick, J. A., G. F. Nellis, W. L. Swift, H. Sixsmith, and J. Reilly. "Design and Test of Low Capacity Reverse Brayton Cryocooler for Refrigeration at 35K and 60K." In Cryocoolers 10, 421–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47090-x_50.
Повний текст джерела
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Made Arsana, I., and Ruri Agung Wahyuono. "Design, Performance, and Optimization of the Wire and Tube Heat Exchanger." In Heat Exchangers. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The wire and tube heat exchanger has been mostly utilized as a condenser unit in various refrigeration systems. As a class of extended surface-based heat exchanger, not only the operating condition but also the geometry of the wire and tube heat exchanger plays a critical role in determining the overall performance of the heat exchanger. Despite the fact that the current designs that include the inline, single-staggered, and woven matrix-based wire and tube heat exchangers already exhibits positive performance, future design and optimization remain challenging from the thermal and fluids engineering point of view. To guide the optimization strategy in the heat exchanger design, this chapter provides an insight into how the geometrical design impacts the performance of various wire and tube heat exchangers, which can be deduced from either the heat exchanger capacity or efficiency.
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Gamberi, Mauro, Marco Bortolini, Alessandro Graziani, and Riccardo Manzini. "Retrofitting of R404a Commercial Refrigeration Systems with R410a and R407f HFCs Refrigerants." In Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies, 260–94. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8398-3.ch007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter presents an experimental analysis about the retrofitting of two commercial stationary refrigeration systems marketed by an Italian leading company of the sector. Such systems operate both at medium temperature (MT) and low temperature (LT) and they are originally designed to work with the high global warming potential (GWP) hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) R404a fluid (GWP = 3922). The purpose is to investigate the performances of HFCs R410a (GWP = 2088) and R407f (GWP = 1825) chosen as effective alternatives to HFC R404a, due to their compatibility, non-flammability and market availability. Furthermore, such fluids meet the EU restrictions in force in the next future for high GWP HFCs. The experimental analysis compares the performances, in terms of COP and cooling capacity, of R404a and the two identified alternatives under different operating conditions, i.e. chamber and condenser inlet air temperatures. In case of comparable performances, significant environmental benefits are introduced by the adoption of R407f and R410a in the MT and LT refrigeration systems.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Design refrigeration capacity"
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Guo, Dongzhi, Jingsheng Gao, Alan J. H. McGaughey, Matthew Moran, Suresh Santhanam, Gary K. Fedder, Bill Anderson, and Shi-Chune Yao. "Design and Evaluation of MEMS-Based Stirling Cycle Micro-Refrigeration System." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63084.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Stirling cycle micro-refrigeration system composed of arrays of silicon MEMS cooling elements has been designed and evaluated thermodynamically. The cooling elements are each 5 mm-long, 2.25 mm-wide, have a thickness of 300 μm, and are fabricated in a stacked array on a silicon wafer. A 0.5 mm-long regenerator is placed between the compression (hot side) and expansion (cold side) diaphragms. The diaphragms are 2.25 mm circles driven electrostatically. Helium is the working fluid, pressurized at 2 bar and sealed in the system. Under operating conditions, the hot and cold diaphragms oscillate sinusoidally 90° out of phase such that heat is extracted to the expansion space and released from the compression space. The bulk silicon substrate on which the device is grown is etched with “zipping” shaped chambers under the diaphragms. The silicon enables efficient heat transfer between the gas and heat source/sink as well as reduces the dead volume of the system, thus enhancing the cooling capacity. In addition, the “zipping” shaped substrates reduce the voltage required to actuate the diaphragms. An array of vertical silicon pillars in the regenerator serves as a thermal capacitor transferring heat to and from the working gas during a cycle. In operation, the push-pull motion of the diaphragm makes a 300 μm stroke and actuates at a frequency of 2 kHz. Parametric study of the design shows the effects of phase lag, swept volume ratio between the hot space and cold space, and dead volume ratio on cooling capacity. At TH = 313.15 K and TC = 288.15 K and assuming a perfect regenerator, the thermodynamic optimization analysis gives a heat extraction rate of 0.22 W per element and cooling capacity of 30 W/cm2 for the stacked system. Evaluation of the stacked system shows that the COP will reach 6.3 if the expansion work from the cold side is recovered electrostatically and used to drive the hot side diaphragm.
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Peeples, Johnston W. "Capacity Control in Refrigerated Systems." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Powerful refrigeration methods are being deployed to cool electronic devices in test and in end-use application. Cooling capacity control is required to prevent over- or under-cooling. Various levels of control precision are also required. Test applications demand precise temperature control while many end-use applications will accommodate a less sophisticated approach. Important determinants of the method employed to control refrigeration capacity include target operating temperature, absolute and dynamic power dissipation of the device being cooled, control precision required, refrigeration system design and construction, as well as application-related details of the electronics assembly. A variety of capacity control methods are needed to cover the breadth of electronics cooling applications. Control free, or open loop systems meet the needs of some applications. Other systems employ thermal expansion (TX) and hot-gas by-pass valves to provide controlled cooling of very high power electronics cooling vapor compression systems. Modulation of condenser efficiency by varying fan speed provides a very simple but limited range of temperature control. A broad range of precise temperature control requires a combination of approaches to precisely meter refrigerant flow to the cold plate and, if needed, to apply parasitic heat. This paper overviews various vapor compression refrigeration control architectures as they apply to electronics cooling. Comparative cost and performance data are presented.
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Bernal, Ivan, Hector Guido, Spencer Rautus, and Joseph Piacenza. "Toward an Experimental Design Approach for Magnetocaloric Refrigeration Systems." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is a magneto-thermodynamic phenomenon that heats and cools specific alloys through exposure to an alternating magnetic field. This phenomenon has the potential to create a temperature difference in a heat carrier mimicking a conventional vapor compression refrigeration cycle without harmful chemical byproducts. This research investigates the design of an experimental testing mechanism for identifying key interactions between design variables, while maximize temperature differential Key noise parameters (KNP). Fluid flow rate, magnetic field exposure time, and variations in heat exchanger configuration are explored. Understanding the significant interactions between these variables will lead to the design of a functional prototype that serves as a basis for future development in applications of the MCE for large-scale cooling systems. In this work, elemental gadolinium is used due to its high magnetic entropy change, and consequently high reversible temperature change when exposed to a magnetic field. An aqueous propylene glycol solution serves as the heat carrier based on its high heat capacity and basic pH level, reducing the possibility of degradation within the magnetocaloric material. The magnetic field is supplied by a grade N52 magnet with a magnetic field strength of approximately 0.9 Tesla. Based on this analysis, a concept stage design for experimentally maximizing the impact of the magnetocaloric effect is presented.
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Xu, Shiming, Jian Liang, Yi Jian He, and Ru Xu Du. "Design and Experimental Investigation of a Diffusion Absorption Refrigeration System." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the design and experimental analysis of a compact Diffusion Absorption Air Cooler (DAAC) system, in which the Diffusion Absorption Refrigeration (DAR) technology is utilized. The system uses a bubble pump to replace the mechanical pump, uses three-component working fluid (NH3+H2O+He), and operates under the same system pressure level. Hence, it is quiet, long lasting and environmental friendly. To investigate the practicality of using the DAAC system for regional air conditioning, the thermodynamic model is derived to guide the system design first, and then a DAAC experimental prototype is built for validation. Since the bubble pump is the kernel component, a series of experiments are conducted to investigate the bubble pump performance. From the experimental results under various operation conditions, it is found that the bubble pump dominates the system performance and should be designed carefully to match the designed cooling capacity and operation condition. The experimental results also show that the DAAC can work smoothly under various ambient temperatures when the input power of bubble pump is over 200W.
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Erickson, Donald C., G. Anand, Riyaz A. Papar, and Jingsong Tang. "Refinery Waste Heat Powered Absorption Refrigeration: Cycle Specification and Design." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0866.
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Abstract In an effort to increase the energy efficiency and reduce environmental emissions from refineries, the Commerce City Refinery of Ultramar Diamond Shamrock, the Office of Industrial Technologies at the U.S. Department of Energy and a team of contractors have collaborated to implement a novel project. A waste heat fired Absorption Refrigeration Unit (ARU) was designed, fabricated, installed and is currently completing a one year field test at the oil refinery in Denver, Colorado. Data is being gathered to document the performance and compare to the predictions. The ARU is designed to provide refrigeration for two process streams at the refinery while being powered by waste heat from a third process stream. The refrigeration benefits the refinery by recovering salable product and increasing the capacity of the process units with no additional electrical demand. The constraints to be satisfied by the ARU design were very stringent: low temperature waste heat; very low refrigeration temperature; limited plot space; geographically separated streams; and very limited cooling water. In order to satisfy all these constraints and to make the economics more favorable, several new concepts were developed and incorporated in the ARU. This paper describes the various cycles considered and the qualitative and quantitative considerations involved in screening the cycles. The parametric analysis and optimization of the most promising cycle is presented.
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Broglia, Thomas, Matteo Iobbi, and Nikola Stosic. "Improving the Capacity and Performance of Air-Conditioning Screw Compressors." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13121.
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Traditional compressor design methods make it very difficult to make significant improvements to screw compressors required for refrigeration and air conditioning applications. The principles which determine the optimum design of such machines are reviewed and, in some cases, redefined. These include rotor profiling, configuration and proportions, clearance distribution and bearing clearances and it is shown that there are conflicting requirements for them when attempting to obtain optimum performance. The best result can thus only be obtained by consideration of all the relevant parameters in an optimisation procedure, which leads to rotor designs that vary according to the specific duty of a machine, rather than follow a standard pattern An outline description is given of a process modelling procedure which has been developed to optimise the design of a compressor by the use of multi variable minimisation methods that take simultaneous account of all these parameters As a result of a collaborative project between industry and an academic institution, this procedure was applied to the design of a new refrigeration screw compressor, which was then built and tested. Its performance was then compared with that of the machine it was intended to replace. It is shown that the optimised design was up to 9% better than the original machine.
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Nsofor, Emmanuel C., Phani R. Gurijala, and Zhan Jiang. "Design, Construction and Heat Transfer Analysis of a Thermoacoustic Refrigeration System." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33338.
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The thermoacoustic processes resulting from pressure and temperature oscillations and their interactions with boundaries are utilized in thermoacoustic refrigeration systems. This technology offers benefits that include absence of significant moving parts (implying reduced maintenance), use of environmentally safe working fluids, quiet operation, and continuous capacity control. The flow of the thermoacoustically oscillating gas and heat transport in the stack were studied. Results indicate that there is a critical value of ΔT outside of which the work and heat transfer will increase for a given drive ratio. The system was designed and constructed. In order to achieve high thermal conductivity across the thickness of the stack and low thermal conductivity axially, a thermoplastic material with holes filled with carbon fiber was used for the stack. The fiber is in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the plate thus increasing the heat transfer in this direction. Since thermoplastics have very low thermal conductivity, the dissipative heat transfer through the stack material by conduction from the hot heat exchanger to the cold one (the direction opposite to the heat pumping) is minimized. When thermoplastic materials are used for the stack in place of stainless steel there is a significant drop in Qlosses for the range of values studied.
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Wei, Jie, Hideo Kubo, and Junichi Ishimine. "Thermal Design and Packaging of a Prototype Refrigeration Cooling System for CMOS-Based MCMs." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35156.
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Thermal design and packaging strategy of a prototype dual-loop vapor compression refrigeration cooling system, developed as a pilot model for thermal management of high performance CMOS based MCMs, is introduced in this paper. The cooling system was comprised of two separated refrigeration units providing low temperature cooling via a dual-path cooling module (evaporator) mounted on a CPU-MCM package. Cooling capacity for each refrigeration unit was controlled ranging from 250W to 2500W with a refrigerant evaporating temperature at −25 degree centigrade. The CPU-MCM mounted with the refrigeration cooling module was packaged on a system board assembly, together with other electronic devices. The assembly was accommodated into a dew-point control box where two dewpoint control units were operating in a redundancy to remove moisture and keep a dew temperature inside the box below −30 degree centigrade for completely preventing from condensation. Cooling redundancy was provided by both the refrigeration units and dual-path cooling module. The cooling module was redundant in that two sets of refrigerant passages were staggered within a thin copper plate, where each set was connected to a separated refrigeration unit. Apart from the robust system and steady operation, the configuration and operation mode also provided the cooling system a high power efficiency and much shortened starting time. Numerical simulations were also performed for investigating airflow and thermal characteristics, in a system board level inside the dew-point control box. Detailed predictions of airflow and temperature distributions were significantly helpful for improving and verifying practical system designs.
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Chakravarthy, Vijayaraghavan, Joe Weber, Abdul-Aziz Rashad, Arun Acharya, and Dante Bonaquist. "Oxygen Liquefier Using a Mixed Gas Refrigeration Cycle." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42124.
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This paper presents the design, selection of equipment, testing, and analysis of a 2 TPD (76 kg/hr) prototype oxygen liquefier that employs a mixed gas refrigeration cycle. Small scale oxygen plants (30–60 TPD) based on VPSA systems (Vapor Pressure Swing Adsorption) periodically require liquid back-up to provide uninterrupted supply of O2 gas to customers during planned plant maintenance. Supply of liquid for back-up, especially to customers in remote locations, is expensive and difficult. Economically designed MGR liquefiers will fulfill this market need. The 2 TPD prototype O2 liquefier is based on the dual loop MGR Rankine cycle (see Figure 1). The forecooler loop provides refrigeration at the warm end (233K). R507 is used as a refrigerant for the forecooler in the warm end loop. The main refrigeration loop uses a mixture of R218, R14 and N2. The main advantage of separating the refrigerants into two different loops is to avoid freezing of high boiling point refrigerants at liquid O2 temperatures in the main refrigeration loop. The process and mixture composition were optimized using the HYSYS process simulation package. Very useful insights were gained in terms of reducing the irreversibilities in the heat exchanger. Low cost innovative designs were adopted for the heat exchangers. For example: (1) plate-and-frame heat exchangers were successfully used for multiple gas streams, (ii) a spirally wound coiled heat exchanger was used to liquefy oxygen. Similarly, the compressors used in the forecooler and main cycle were low cost, off-the-shelf items used in conventional refrigeration systems. The liquefier unit was initially demonstrated and a liquid making capacity of 1.5 TPD at a unit power of 44 kW/TPD was achieved. Subsequent modifications to the heat exchangers resulted in meeting the design expectations at a unit power of 37 kW/TPD.
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Lear, William E., ChoonJae Ryu, John F. Crittenden, Aditya Srinivasan, William Ellis, David R. Tiffany, Sherif A. Sherif, and Peter L. Meitner. "System Design of a Novel Combined Cooling, Heat, Power, and Water Microturbine Combined Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51454.
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The Power, Water Extraction, and Refrigeration (PoWER) engine has been investigated for several years as a distributed energy system, among other applications, for civilian or military use. Previous literature describing its modeling and experimental demonstration have indicated several benefits, especially when the underlying semi-closed cycle gas turbine is combined with a vapor absorption refrigeration system, the PoWER system described herein. The benefits include increased efficiency, high part-power efficiency, small lapse rate, compactness, less emissions, less air and exhaust flows (which decrease filtration and duct size) and condensation of fresh water. The current paper describes the preliminary design and modeling of a modified version of this system as applied to distributed energy, especially useful in regions which are prone to major grid interruptions due to hurricanes, under-capacity, or terrorism. In such cases, the distributed energy system should support most or all services within an isolated service island, including ice production, so that the influence of the power outage is limited in scope. The current paper describes the rather straightforward system modifications necessary for ice production. The primary focus of the paper is the use of this ice-making capacity to achieve significant load-leveling during the summer utility peak, hence reducing the electrical capacity requirements for the grid as well as load-leveling strategies.