Книги з теми "Design per Territori"

Il volume, che raccoglie riflessioni intorno al tema della città, intesa come campo di sperimentazione, traccia un panorama aggiornato della ricerca dottorale e post-dottorale in Tecnologia dell’Architettura, da cui traspare la volontà di offrire spunti teorici di ampio respiro e, contemporaneamente, testimoniare una vasta gamma di applicazioni specialistiche. Nell’approccio ambientale, che accoglie i suggerimenti dei territori valorizzandone la "cultura materiale", appare il tratto comune sul quale sono impostate molte delle tematiche di ricerca qui esposte. The book, that gathers reflections on the theme of the city, intended as field of experimentation, gives an updated panorama of the doctoral (PhD) and postdoctoral research in Architectural Technology, and offers ample theoretical insights as well as a large collection of specialized applications. The environmental approach, that welcomes suggestions from the surrounding areas, highlighting the "material culture", shows the common traits that are present in many of the research themes here exposed.

The contributions presented at the study day held in Empoli in May 2006 – now collected in book form – are intended to provide a contribution to the debate on the relations between the teaching of history of architecture, design and historiography. Each essay addresses a specific issue, proposing an analysis and valorisation of the sources (documents, images, diaries etc.) and the resources available for research, representation and design. Taken as a whole, the collective work aims at defining a history of architecture focused on a knowledge and understanding of how, at different times and in different places, man has interacted with the geographical or environmental context to organise the physical space. A history of architecture in seamless relation with that of the city and the territory. A history of architecture that posits itself as an essential component in the design culture of architects and town planners, fostering a mode of intervention generated by a profound knowledge of the complex realities in which it takes shape.

This book brings together the materials of a study carried out by the Florence Faculty of Architecture in liaison with the Tuscan scientific community (five universities, research institutes and technicians from the Regional Authority) to define the methods and approaches of the new Landscape Plan. The aim was to exploit the opportunities offered by recent legislation, such as the European Landscape Convention and the Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code, in order to formulate public policies and projects designed to enhance the quality of life throughout the entire territory, both valuable and degraded. Different skills, aptitudes and passions have come together in the hope that the recent phase of planning can trigger mechanisms that stimulate the inhabitants of Tuscany to continue to produce the collective work of art that is their landscape, in the exquisitely normal manner and form that left scholars such Desplanques pleasantly perplexed when he wrote: «These people have constructed their rural landscapes as if they had no concern other than beauty.»

Around the world, familiar ideological conflicts over the market are becoming increasingly territorialized in the form of policy conflicts between national and subnational governments. Thanks to a series of trends such as globalization, democratization, and especially decentralization, subnational governments are now in a position more effectively to challenge the ideological orientation of the national government. This book conceptualizes these challenges as operating in two related but distinct modes. The first stems from elected subnational officials who use their authority, resources, and legitimacy to design, implement, and defend subnational policy regimes that deviate ideologically from national policy regimes. The second occurs when these same officials use their authority, resources, and legitimacy to question, oppose, and alter the ideological content of national policy regimes. The book focuses on three similarly situated countries in Latin America where these two types of policy challenges met different fates; neither challenge succeeded in Peru, both succeeded in Bolivia, and Ecuador experienced an intermediate outcome marked by the success of the first type of challenge (that is, the defense of a deviant, neoliberal subnational policy regime) and the failure of the second (that is, the inability to alter a statist national policy regime). Derived from the in-depth study of these outcomes, the book’s theoretical argument emphasizes three causal variables: (1) the structural significance of the territory over which subnational elected officials preside, (2) the level of institutional capacity they can harness, and (3) the strength of the societal coalitions they can build both within and across subnational jurisdictions.

This chapter presents a series of exhibition and curatorial projects situated in the discipline of interior design that experimented with questions of interior and interiority, subject and object relations, spatial and temporal conditions. Deleuze’s critique of interior and interiority as isolated, pre-existing entities provokes a thinking and doing otherwise where space and subjectivity, interior and exterior are unquestioned givens. Thinking through practising with Deleuze, the technique of framing is re-posed as a technique of interiorization where interior and interiority are productions in exteriority; the frame as a fold of an outside that involves processes of selection and arrangement. Deleuze’s book Foucault and the ‘Outside-interior’ and Elizabeth Grosz’s Chaos, Territory, Art. Deleuze and the Framing of the Earth are key references. The chapter poses ‘?interior’ – with reference to Deleuze’s ?-being – as a problematic to be addressed through designing interior – each time anew.

El presente libro resultado de investigación denominado “Contribución del Sector Defensa Nacional de Colombia al Cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (Agenda 2030)”, pretende ser un referente académico para quienes desean comprender los roles que se vienen desarrollando desde el sector defensa frente a la protección ambiental y el aporte de las Fuerzas Militares al desarrollo sostenible de Colombia. Este libro muestra los avances que en estas materias se han dado en el país y los retos a los que se debe prestar atención para garantizar una seguridad territorial y una supervivencia mundial por cuenta de la protección de los recursos naturales, y así garantizar el bienestar de las futuras generaciones y la seguridad de la Nación. Este libro es resultado del proyecto de investigación denominado ‘Contribución del Sector Defensa Nacional de Colombia al Cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (Agenda 2030)’, que hace parte de la línea de investigación “Estrategia, Geopolítica y Seguridad Hemisférica”, del grupo de investigación “Masa Crítica”, reconocido y categorizado en (B) por Colciencias, registrado con el código COL0123247, a cargo del Departamento de la Fuerza Aérea, adscrito y financiado por la Escuela Superior de Guerra “General Rafael Reyes Prieto”, Colombia.

This chapter tries to explain why continental Europeans wanted to take up the opportunities that the British Empire presented. Two main motives operated. The first was religion; the second the desire for personal and familial advancement. Successive sections of the chapter consider these two spurs to foreign involvement, with some attention being given to a third, more difficult to assess—sexual opportunity. The final part seeks to account for the particular lure of the mid- to late-eighteenth-century British Empire. It was not the only option, either for the British and Irish, or other Europeans. So why did so many continental Europeans gravitate towards the British Empire? While its growing strength excited some hostile reactions from continental commentators, who thought that the British were becoming too powerful and needed to be brought down a peg or two, to others the expansion of British territories and influence merely made the attraction greater.

En el presente libro se articulan en dos líneas, a saber, las organizaciones desde la región y las organizaciones desde el emprendimiento y la gestión. En la primera se analizan diferentes temáticas que dejan ver el uso adecuado de la ciencia y la tecnología, reconociendo el rol de los sectores tanto público como privado y de la sociedad civil en el desarrollo, productividad y competitividad de las organizaciones, por lo que se tienen temáticas como normas internacionales, emprendimiento, tasa representativa del mercado, direccionamiento estratégico en el sector de obras civiles, precios internos y externos del tipo de cambio, que permitan comprender la dinámica contemporánea de las organizaciones, a partir de las experiencias de los diferentes actores que participan en escenarios inclusivos, con el propósito de evidenciar los elementos de competitividad y perdurabilidad que contribuyen a la internacionalización organizacional. La segunda línea trata de las organizaciones en la región, donde se muestran resultados de investigaciones, como las tendencias mundiales en el sector funerario, estrategias de innovación empresarial y responsabilidad social empresarial para Mipymes. Usos agroindustriales de la hoja de coca, factores de competitividad en la ganadería, en el sector metalmecánico, redes socio institucionales en el sector lácteo, imagen comercial de empresario, estrategia de encadenamiento, patios productivos, aplicación del modelo desing thinking, gestión del conocimiento en Mipymes industriales, ecosistema de emprendimiento, microempresas sostenibles, territorios de paz que dejan ver las nuevas tendencias y temáticas de creatividad e innovación para fortalecer la pedagogía, las competencias, las redes de emprendimiento a través de las herramientas, modelos y estructuras de los esquemas emprendedores, que permitan la continua evolución de los mercados emergentes y sus diferentes actores.

O Cerrado é uma formação vegetacional inexistente em qualquer outro lugar no planeta, é único e predominante na Região Centro Oeste do Brasil. É redundante afirmar que no Cerrado encontramos uma rica flora destacando-se entre as savanas do planeta. É o segundo bioma brasileiro em extensão ocupando entorno de um quarto do território do país. Nele encontra-se um terço da biodiversidade nacional e 5 % da flora e fauna mundial. Grande parte da flora é endêmica o que significa ser de distribuição geográfica restrita, ou seja, existir somente neste bioma. Se as espécies desaparecerem é para sempre. Economicamente se destaca como um representativo centro de produção de commodities como a soja, o milho e o boi. Essas atividades são conduzidas, via de regra, a custas da retirada da vegetação nativa exclusiva, o que ameaça este bioma de extinção. Ademais essas culturas têm raízes superficiais consequentemente quando as chuvas caem, a água não infiltra como deveria. Como efeito com o passar dos tempos, tem reduzida a capacidade de armazenar e de conduzir a água subterrânea para poços e minas, assim as nascentes decrescem, afetando o nível dos aquíferos o que compromete o ciclo hidrológico. O avanço das atividades do agronegócio, eliminando a vegetação dos Cerrados pode, ainda, estar comprometendo a agricultura em suas diferentes formas de produção, a economia, a indústria e o meio ambiente, sobretudo por comprometer o fornecimento de água. Isso desconsiderando o abastecimento público. A água é vital para a vida humana e sua disponibilidade está umbilicalmente associada a presença da vegetação, de árvores. A água depende de árvores para completar seu ciclo. De mais a mais, muitos ignoram que numerosas espécies dos Cerrados fornecem frutos, sementes ou palmitos saborosos e nutritivos com possibilidade de serem economicamente aproveitados seja na indústria alimentícia ou farmacêutica, ou ainda fornecendo frutos in natura como também madeiras ou oferecendo proteção ambiental ou é fonte de alimento para várias espécies de animais silvestres. Os frutos como o araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.), o pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), a cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), o jatobá (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. Ex Hayne), o baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), a mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), o buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L), a guariroba (Syagrus oleraceae L.), entre outras, constituem fontes importantes de fibras, proteínas, vitaminas, minerais, ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados presentes em polpas e sementes. Ademais as espécies nativas possuem características sensoriais como cor, sabor e aroma peculiares e penetrantes. Várias plantas são utilizadas em virtude destes atrativos como condimento a exemplo da pimenta-demacaco (Xylopia aromática); para aromatizar como os frutos do murici (Byrsonima crassifolia), na cachaça ou da amburana (Amburana claudii Schwacke &Taub), aromatizante para o fumo ou ainda a mama-cadela (Brosimum gaudichaudii Tréc), cujas raízes também são usadas como aromatizante de tabaco para cachimbo ou cigarro de palha ou artesanal. Concomitantemente muitas espécies além dos frutos fornecem madeiras. Estas madeiras são detentoras de particularidades como cor, textura, dureza e fibras de desenhos exóticos, passíveis de atender a um nicho de mercado sofisticado como o de design de móveis, especialmente no mercado internacional. Similarmente muitas de suas espécies são utilizadas para o fabrico de cosméticos comercializados nacional e internacionalmente, sendo exemplo o buriti. Contudo excetuando-se o pequi, a guariroba e o baru, os demais frutos do Cerrado são explorados apenas por populações tradicionais. O uso sustentável dos recursos naturais necessita combinar ações que proporcionem o desenvolvimento da região, o bem-estar social e a proteção da fauna e da flora. E, ainda, é fundamental como alternativa social e econômica de inclusão e geração de renda para os que dependem de recursos do bioma onde vivem. Neste contexto essa publicação tem a primordial função de aglutinar informações sobre atividades que, de maneira sustentável, sejam a solução para o uso dos recursos naturais desse bioma sob a ótica sócioecológica e socioeconômica. Neste sentido busca, de maneira acessível, apresentar ao público leitor algumas alternativas sustentáveis. Alternativas econômicas de baixo impacto ambiental que possam gerar renda conciliada com a conservação/preservação dos Cerrados. Soluções consideradas tecnologias leves em substituição àquelas empregadas pelo agronegócio que vêm pondo em risco a continuidade deste bioma. Enfim, a valorizar os Cerrados como ambiente de vida e de sobrevivência. Assim serão propostas estratégias, atitudes ou atividades que postas em prática, contribuam para a conservação dos Cerrados, ainda por ser o bioma essencial para o ciclo hidrológico no Brasil Central. As atividades propostas são o extrativismo orientado, o ecoturismo, a agricultura sustentável: agroecologia e a arborização urbana com espécies nativas dos Cerrados. Além de elencar outras possibilidades como a criação de animais silvestres e a apicultura. Essas são alguns entre outros meios de garantir a conservação/preservação deste bioma essencial no ciclo hidrológico e um símbolo cultural goiano, especialmente na gastronomia.

An analysis of the existing literature on the issue of damage to regeneration caused by timber harvesting, revealed that a great majority of results reported in those publications was obtained through laborious and time-consuming field research conducted in two stages. Field research methods for gathering data, employed by various authors, differed in terms of the manner of establishing trial plots, the accuracy of counting and evaluating the number of saplings growing on the investigated sites, classification systems used for distinguishing particular groups of regeneration based on quantitative (diameter at breast height, tree height) and qualitative features (biosocial position within the certain layer and the entire stand), classification systems used for identifying types of damage caused by cutting and felling, as well as transporting operations, and finally the duration of observation intervals and time spent on gathering data on the response of damaged saplings from both, the individual and collective perspectives. Obviously, the most reliable manner of gathering such data would be to count all damaged elements of the environment being a subject of interest of particular investigators at the certain point of time. However, due to time and work consumption of this approach, which is besides very costly, any research should be designed in such a manner as to reduce the above-mentioned factors. This paper aimed to (1) analyse the probability of occurrence of damage to regeneration depending on the form of timber assortments dragged from the felling site to the skidding routes, and timber harvesting technology employed in logging works, and (2) identify a method ensuring that gathered data is sufficient for performing reliable evaluation of share of damage to regeneration at acceptable accuracy level, without necessity to establish trial plots before commencing harvesting works. The scope of these studies enclosed a comparison between two motor-manual methods of timber harvesting in thinned stands, with dragging of timber in the first stage of skidding from the stand to landings. According to one of these methods, a classical one, operations of felling and delimbing of trees were carried out by sawmen at the felling site. Timber obtained using different methods was skidded by carters and horses, and operators of a light-duty cable winch, driven by the chainsaw’s engine, as well as operators of cable winches combined with farm tractors. In the latter, alternative method, sawmen performed only cutting and felling of trees. Delimbing and cross-cutting of trunks, dragged from the felling sites, was carried out by operators of processors combined with farm tractors, worked on skidding routes. The research was conducted in the years 2002–2010 in stands within the age classes II–IV mostly, located in the territories of Regional Directorates of State Forests in Krakow and Katowice, and in the Forest Experimental Unit in Krynica-Zdrój. In the course of a preliminary stage of investigations 102 trial plots were established in stands within early and late tinning treatments. As a result of the field research carried out in two stages, more than 3.25 thsd. circular sites were established and marked, on the surface of which over 25 thsd. saplings constituting the regeneration layer were inventoried. Based on the results of investigations and analyses it was revealed that regardless of the category of thinning treatment, the highest probability of occurrence of destroying P(ZN) to regeneration (0.24–0.44) should be expected when the first stage of timber skidding is performed using cable winches. Slightly lower values of probability (0.17–0.33) should be expected in stands where timber is skidded by horses, while in respect to processor-based skidding technology the probability of destroying occurrence oscillates between 0.12 and 0.27, depending on the particular layer of regeneration. P(ZN) values, very close to those of skidding technology engaging processors, were recorded for skidding performed using the light-duty cable winch driven by the chainsaw’s engine (0.16–0.27). The highest probability of damage P(USZK) to regeneration (0.16–0.31) can be expected when processors are used in the first stage of timber skidding. Slightly lower values of probability (0.14–0.23) were obtained when skidding was performed with the use of cable winches, whereas engaging horses for hauling of trunks results in probability of damage occnrrence oscillating between 0.05–0.20, depending on the particular layer of regeneration. With regard to the probability of occurrence of both, destroying and damage P(ZNUSZK) to regeneration (0.33–0.54), the highest values can be expected when cable winches are engaged in the first stage of skidding. Little lower (0.30–0.43) was the probability of their occurrence if processor-based technology of skidding was employed, while in respect to horse skidding these values oscillated between 0.27–0.41, depending on the layer of regeneration. The lowest values of probability of occurrence of damage P(USZK), and destroying and damage treated collectively P(ZNUSZK), within all layers of regeneration, were recorded in stands where thinning treatments were performed using the light-duty cable winch driven by the chainsaw’s engine. The models evaluated and respective equations, developed based on those models, for evaluating the number of destroyed saplings ZNha (tab. 40, 42, 44, 46, 48) could be used for determining the share of damage expressed as a percentage, upon conducting only one field research at the investigated felling sites, once the timber harvesting and skidding would have been completed. As revealed by the results of analyses, evaluation of statistically significant regression models was possible for all layers of regeneration (tab. 39, 41, 43, 45, 47). Nevertheless, the smallest part of these models that could be considered positively verified, were those for the natural young regeneration, although almost a half of them revealed to be significant. Within the medium-sized regeneration over three-fourths of all models could be considered positively verified, four of which explained more than 50% of variability. Within the high-sized regeneration almost two-thirds of evaluated regression models were statistically significant, five of which were verified positively, moreover, one of them explained more than 50% of variability. The most promising results were those obtained for the advance growth. Nearly 90% of the evaluated models revealed to be statistically significant, ten of which could be considered positively verified. Furthermore, four statistically significant models explained over 50% of general variability. With regard to the entire regeneration more than 80% of evaluated models were statistically significant. However, due to insignificant coefficients of regression, eight of them could be considered positively verified. At this point it should be stressed that in respect to logging technology employing the light-duty cable winch FKS it was impossible to evaluate statistically significant models of regression. Whereas, in the case of processor-based logging technology, firstly regarding the advance growth, and then the entire regeneration, all of the evaluated statistically significant models could be considered positively verified, in terms of both, all of the stands, and particular categories of thinning treatments individually. This latter case also revealed the highest degree of matching of evaluated models (R2 popr 0.73–0.76 for advance growth and 0.78–0.94 for the entire regeneration). A significant impact of the kind of form of hauled timber on the probability of damage occurrence P(USZK), mainly in early thinning treatments, could have been reflected in the results obtained for all stands (early and late thinning treated collectively). Moreover, due to an insignificant impact of the form of hauled timber and logging technology employed, on the probability of occurrence of damage in late thinned stands, and a significant impact of the above-mentioned variables on early thinned stands, it should be assumed that for performing an evaluation of destroying and damage caused by timber harvesting the both thinning treatment categories should be analysed separately. Furthermore, when evaluating the probability of occurrence of destroying and damage caused by timber harvesting, the layers of natural young regeneration and advance growth should be analysed separately. As proved by the results presented in this paper, varying values of probability computed for each of the layers of regeneration seem to indicate that when investigating damage to regeneration caused by timber harvesting, it would be reasonable and recommended to perform a separate analysis of damage to the highest saplings as well, namely individuals with diameter at breast height close to 7 cm. In respect to studies on damage to regeneration caused by logging technologies mentioned above, the evaluation of number of destroyed saplings within the advance growth can be carried out using the proportions of damaged and undamaged saplings per 1 ha of the stand. The numbers evaluated in this manner can be used to calculate the damage share expressed in relative values (percentage of damaged saplings compared with the entire number of saplings before commencing the logging works). However, one should keep in mind that this is true only if the field research have been carried out based on the methodology described in this paper.