Готові списки джерел за темами / Design for diversity

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Design for diversity"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Design for diversity"

Helberger, Natali. "Diversity by Design." Journal of Information Policy 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 441–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.441.

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Abstract How do you get citizens/media consumers to voluntarily choose to expose themselves to diverse content? Is there a role for government in helping people make diverse choices? Professor Helberger addresses these questions by suggesting “diversity by design” as an antidote to the ironic fact that broadband media abundance actually makes it more difficult for users to choose diversely. She presents four conceptualizations of diversity policy: marketplace of ideas (“external diversity”); public sphere (“internal diversity”); personal autonomy (“individual choice”); and random exposure (“serendipity”), and suggests concrete design principles to guide regulators in implementing them. However, she notes, in the end it remains for the user to decide.

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Natali Helberger. "Diversity by Design." Journal of Information Policy 1 (2011): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0441.

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Nivet, Marc A., and Anne C. Berlin. "Diversity by Design." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-13-00200.1.

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Dali, Keren, and Nadia Caidi. "Diversity by Design." Library Quarterly 87, no. 2 (April 2017): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/690735.

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Bradbury, Andrew. "Diversity by design." Trends in Biotechnology 16, no. 3 (March 1998): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(97)01142-6.

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Sasaki, Takahiro, Takaki Okamoto, Seiji Miyoshi, Yuki Fukazawa, and Toshio Kondo. "Evaluation of Portability and Design Diversity of FabCache." International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering 8, no. 3 (2016): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijcee.2016.8.3.185.

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Schreiber, Stuart L. "Molecular diversity by design." Nature 457, no. 7226 (January 2009): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/457153a.

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Woodard, P. "Waveform diversity & design." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 21, no. 6 (June 2006): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2006.1662009.

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Littlewood, Bev, Peter Popov, and Lorenzo Strigini. "Modeling software design diversity." ACM Computing Surveys 33, no. 2 (June 2001): 177–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/384192.384195.

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Дисертації з теми "Design for diversity"

Moss, Gloria Ann. "Diversity and web design." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/diversity-and-web-design(ca1bbe90-27f9-4a05-a63f-631817c3d81d).html.

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The ability to target consumer segments and achieve a match between the product or promotional instrument and the consumer self-concept is stressed in the marketing literature. The online quality of a website has been said to have a positive impact on intention to use a website and perform a search, with preference for a website linked to perceptions of its credibility. Website preferences cam also encourage or discourage consumers’ purchasing intentions and the perceived visual attractiveness of a website is said to have a greater impact on e-loyalty and consumer retention than traditional attributes such as product selection and price. The important impact of preferences necessitates an understanding of the factors in a website that can appeal or not to people. Unfortunately, until as recently as 2004, studies investigating website aesthetics were anchored in the universalist paradigm which assumed that reactions would be universally held rather than differentiated according to demographic variables. A Canadian study in 2005 documented differences in reaction by gender but this study was inadequate in using a single commercial stimulus which had not been selected on any particular basis. Prior to this, research on web aesthetics was rooted in the universalist aesthetic in assuming that a single set of factors would suit all tastes. The overview describes the work by the author to ascertain the extent to which website productions differ by segmentation variables and the extent to which preferences can also be segmented. The author’s work has isolated the impact of segmentation variables (gender, personality and nationality) on website productions and of gender on website preferences and the overview focuses on gender since the impact of this variable has been explored in relation to productions and preferences.

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Scharlott, William C. "Representing Diversity in the Arts Through Interaction Design." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1494252723818847.

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Huang, J. "Frequency diversity array : theory and design." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/624503/.

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This thesis presents a novel concept of beam scanning and forming by employing frequency diversity in an array antenna. It is shown that by applying a linear frequency shift to the CW signals across the elements, a periodically scanning beam pattern is generated and the main beam direction is a function of time and range. Moreover, when transmitting a pulse signal, the frequency diversity array (FDA) can be used for beam forming in radar applications. These properties offer a more flexible beam scanning and forming option over traditional phase shifter implementations. The thesis begins with the discussion on FDA’s array factor. It is mathematically proven that the array factor is a periodic function of time and range and the scanning period itself is a function of the linear frequency shift. Then further discussion is made when a pulsed signal is transmitted by an FDA. The requirement on the pulse width for a certain linear frequency shift is specified and corresponding signal processing technique is provided for the frequency diverse signal receiver. The thesis subsequently goes on to an electromagnetic simulation of FDA. The CST Microwave Studio is utilized to model the FDA and simulate its transient field, which allows one to verify the relationship between the scanning period and the linear frequency shift. Finally, the implementation of FDA is considered with the focus laid on the generation of the required frequency diverse signals complying with the two basic assumptions. The PLL frequency synthesis technique is introduced as an effective approach of generating the frequency diverse signals. One low cost and profile design of integer-N frequency synthesizer is presented to illustrate the basic design considerations and guidelines. For comparison, a Σ − Δ fractional-N frequency synthesizer produced by Analog Device is introduced for designs where more budget is available.

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Walker, Jacinda N. "Design Journeys: Strategies For Increasing Diversity In Design Disciplines." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469162518.

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Håkansson, Ronja. "For Relationship Diversity From a Polyamourous Perspective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90586.

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In this bachelor project I’m working with a topic close to my heart, in my heart and a matter of the heart. Its about how humans does intimate relationships. Specifically how people in Sweden have relationships that do not follow the monoamorous norm of Swedish society. This report goes through how one can work with a highly personal topic with the goal to reach out, to awaken awareness and inspire courage in others. How a designer in a student position can have a process that goes back and forth between ”Participating and Listening”, “Talking and Facilitating” and “Thinking and Making”: and how those roles leak into each other, and nurture the over all process. How did I give visibility to relationship diversity focusing on polyamory and worked withits community? I had a process of searching and experimenting with mediums. Words on twitter and in poems. Gathering people for workshops and conversations. Participating in a polyamourous conference, sending out “Chainletters” among its participants. Gathering inspiration and information until a materialization was needed. Finding that textile crafts feels as close to home as the topic does. Hands and sewing machines turn intangible into tangible; “My Poly Power Blanket”. The quilted materialization and representation of polyamory goes into our graduation exhibition. Where the blanket gets accompanied by the workshops “Relationship Picnic” and “Make you own Power Patch”. This report gives an overview of the complex process that happened when I worked from my heart, with a subject about hearts; polyamory.

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Hogberg, Dan. "Ergonomics integration and user diversity in product design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7772.

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Consideration of products' ergonomic qualities is one important component for successful product development. Product designers engaged in the core activity of product development need methods that support the consideration of ergonomics along with other product requirements. This thesis aims to address these needs. The first part of the thesis investigates how people working within product development organisations communicate with and about users of their products. The general need for methods to support communication of user aspects in product development is identified through formal interviews with product developers and a review of the management, ergonomics and design literature. The second part of the thesis studies the factors which affect the integration of ergonomics in product design. Supportive methods, including User Characters, for evoking user consideration among designers together with Overlapping methods for scheduling ergonomics evaluation in product design processes are introduced and argued. The third part of the thesis reviews and discusses computer aided ergonomics as a means for integration of ergonomics in product design. A web-based support system for effective employment of human simulation tools is developed using a participative approach and evaluated based on the system's usability. The objective of the fourth part of the thesis is to study how human simulation tools can aid designers' consideration of human diversity to accommodate users of diverse anthropometric characteristics in multivariate design problems such as automobile cockpits. The work involves the evaluation of different approaches for the generation of specific manikin families which can be used as test groups for fitting trials in the virtual design process. The research demonstrates enhancements in design methodology knowledge to support integration of ergonomics in product design processes with a focus on anthropometric diversity in vehicle design.

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Ensor, Ronda Lea. "Romaine Brooks: Embracing Diversity." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/23.

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While the majority of literature written in regard to artist Romaine Brooks has focused on her portraiture of cross-dressing women, I intend to focus on other aspects of her oeuvre which are often neglected. Therefore, I will examine works depicting women produced or exhibited by Brooks during the years 1910 and 1911 when her output was at its most varied. I have divided these works into four different categories: nudes, interior scenes, balcony scenes, and portraits. These paintings prove that while Brooks painted in a traditional fashion, she also subtly challenged the role of women in art and society.

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Johnson, Bryce Wade. "Socioeconomic Diversity in Public Spaces." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83517.

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While academics and policy-makers seek to address historic segregation and its harmful impacts on communities, many such efforts have been unsuccessful. Therefore, this original research examines the role of public parks as potential sites of social and economic integration. These spaces serve as third places, or social spaces where community members regularly visit, similar to their regular visitation of their home and workplaces. In the City of Roanoke, three visited public parks serve as local third places where individuals of different social and economic backgrounds visit for various activities. However, visitors typically only interact with others similar to themselves. The exception appears to be when the third place provides a source of triangulation based in common interests. This form of triangulation is useful in establishing commonality among visitors, thus bridging existing gaps between communities. Said triangulation is successful when the third place provides a physically and socially comfortable environment affected by the space's design, location, and management. These three factors must combine to maintain a careful balance between welcoming visitors of diverse backgrounds, but also establishing a sense of comfort among visitors. Public spaces which achieve this balance realize their potential by becoming equitable third places.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning

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O'Daniel, Peter Ivo. "Exploring structural diversity in nucleoside and nucleic acid drug design." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08252005-130946/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Barefield, E. Kent, Committee Member ; Beckham, Haskell W., Committee Member ; Doyle, Donald F., Committee Member ; Weck, Marcus, Committee Member ; Seley, Katherine L., Committee Chair.

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Mo, Wei. "MIMO communication systems receiver design and diversity-multiplexing tradeoff analysis /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.

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Книги з теми "Design for diversity"

Talen, Emily, and Sungduck Lee. Design for Social Diversity. Second edition. | New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315442846.

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Dean, Philip M., and Richard A. Lewis, eds. Molecular Diversity in Drug Design. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46873-5.

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1944-, Dean P. M., and Lewis Richard A, eds. Molecular diversity in drug design. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Muscle: Design, diversity, and disease. Menlo Park, Calif: Benjamin/Cummings, 1986.

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Principles of waveform diversity and design. Raleigh, NC: SciTech Pub., 2011.

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Koen, Steemers, and Steane Mary Ann, eds. Environmental diversity and architecture. London: Spon Press, 2004.

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Diversity by design: Guide to fostering diversity in the civil engineering workforce. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008.

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M, Gordon Eric, and Kerwin James F, eds. Combinatorial chemistry and molecular diversity in drug discovery. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1998.

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Miskelly, Ashley. Sea urchins of the world: Diversity, symmetry & design. Blackheath, N.S.W: A. Miskelly, 2009.

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Design and thermal diversity of semi-enclosed spaces. Ely, Cambridgeshire: Melrose Books, 2007.

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Частини книг з теми "Design for diversity"

Adams, Roderick. "Interior diversity." In Interior Design, 15–30. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429026225-5.

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Adhya, Anirban, and Philip D. Plowright. "Diversity." In Urban Design Made by Humans, 192–95. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003254935-59.

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Kocabas, Bircan. "Methodologisches Design." In Gender and Diversity, 64–66. Herbolzheim: Centaurus Verlag & Media, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-86226-961-7_4.

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Newell, Philip, and Keith Holland. "Diversity of Design." In Loudspeakers, 21–66. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Audio Engineering Society presents ...: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315149202-2.

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Talen, Emily, and Sungduck Lee. "Why Diversity?" In Design for Social Diversity, 31–46. Second edition. | New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315442846-3.

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Carbonell, Pablo. "Modeling Chemical Diversity." In Metabolic Pathway Design, 45–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29865-4_4.

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Talen, Emily, and Sungduck Lee. "Why Design?" In Design for Social Diversity, 47–54. Second edition. | New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315442846-4.

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Talen, Emily, and Sungduck Lee. "Separation vs. Diversity." In Design for Social Diversity, 15–30. Second edition. | New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315442846-2.

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Rigon, Andrea, Joana Dabaj, and Hanna Baumann. "Participatory Design and Diversity." In Inclusive Urban Development in the Global South, 198–212. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003041566-14.

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Moss, Gloria. "Diversity and Web Design." In Lessons on Profiting from Diversity, 21–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230355057_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Design for diversity"

Colusso, Lucas, Cynthia L. Bennett, Pari Gabriel, and Daniela K. Rosner. "Design and Diversity?" In DIS '19: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3322276.3323690.

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Helm, Paula, Loizos Michael, and Laura Schelenz. "Diversity by Design?" In AIES '22: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534149.

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Rankin, Yolanda A. "Diversity by Design." In CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2851610.

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Benton, Laura, Asimina Vasalou, Rilla Khaled, Hilary Johnson, and Daniel Gooch. "Diversity for design." In CHI '14: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557244.

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Schneible, R., R. Brown, and W. Baldygo. "Waveform diversity: Hardware demonstration." In 2006 International Waveform Diversity & Design Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wdd.2006.8321511.

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Schneible, Joseph, James Paul Browning, Michael Wicks, and Yuhong Zhang. "Geometric diversity versus frequency diversity an imaging example." In 2010 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference (WDD). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wdd.2010.5592619.

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Harman, S. A., G. L. Williams, and J. T. Ascroft. "Waveform diversity for spectral sharing." In 2004 International Waveform Diversity & Design Conference. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwddc.2004.8317577.

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Capraro, G. T., I. Bradaric, D. D. Weiner, R. Day, J. Perretta, and M. C. Wicks. "Waveform diversity in multistatic radar." In 2006 International Waveform Diversity & Design Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wdd.2006.8321509.

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Naghibi, T., and F. Behnia. "MMSE based waveform design for MIMO radars." In IET Waveform Diversity & Digital Radar Conference 2008. Day 1: Waveform Diversity & Design. IET, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2008.0745.

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Pillai, S. Unnikrishna, Braham Himed, and Ke Yong Li. "Waveform diversity for space based radar." In 2004 International Waveform Diversity & Design Conference. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwddc.2004.8317576.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Design for diversity"

Greco, Maria S. Waveform Diversity and Design for Interoperating Radar Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581129.

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Murray, Bernie, and Ben Barry. Diversity in Body Shape and Size: Teaching Design and Communications. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-468.

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Noone, Bailey C. An Introduction to Risk with a Focus on Design Diversity in the Stockpile. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048843.

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Fluhr, Robert, and Volker Brendel. Harnessing the genetic diversity engendered by alternative gene splicing. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696517.bard.

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Our original objectives were to assess the unexplored dimension of alternative splicing as a source of genetic variation. In particular, we sought to initially establish an alternative splicing database for Arabidopsis, the only plant for which a near-complete genome has been assembled. Our goal was to then use the database, in part, to advance plant gene prediction programs that are currently a limiting factor in annotating genomic sequence data and thus will facilitate the exploitation of the ever increasing quantity of raw genomic data accumulating for plants. Additionally, the database was to be used to generate probes for establishing high-throughput alternative transcriptome analysis in the form of a splicing-specific oligonucleotide microarray. We achieved the first goal and established a database and web site termed Alternative Splicing In Plants (ASIP, http://www.plantgdb.org/ASIP/). We also thoroughly reviewed the extent of alternative splicing in plants (Arabidopsis and rice) and proposed mechanisms for transcript processing. We noted that the repertoire of plant alternative splicing differs from that encountered in animals. For example, intron retention turned out to be the major type. This surprising development was proven by direct RNA isolation techniques. We further analyzed EST databases available from many plants and developed a process to assess their alternative splicing rate. Our results show that the lager genome-sized plant species have enhanced rates of alternative splicing. We did advance gene prediction accuracy in plants by incorporating scoring for non-canonical introns. Our data and programs are now being used in the continuing annotation of plant genomes of agronomic importance, including corn, soybean, and tomato. Based on the gene annotation data developed in the early part of the project, it turned out that specific probes for different exons could not be scaled up to a large array because no uniform hybridization conditions could be found. Therefore, we modified our original objective to design and produce an oligonucleotide microarray for probing alternative splicing and realized that it may be reasonable to investigate the extent of alternative splicing using novel commercial whole genome arrays. This possibility was directly examined by establishing algorithms for the analysis of such arrays. The predictive value of the algorithms was then shown by isolation and verification of alternative splicing predictions from the published whole genome array databases. The BARD-funded work provides a significant advance in understanding the extent and possible roles of alternative splicing in plants as well as a foundation for advances in computational gene prediction.

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Lausche, Barbara, Aaron Laur, and Mary Collins. Marine Connectivity Conservation Rules of Thumb for MPA and MPA Network Design. IUCN WCPA Connectivity Conservation Specialist Group’s Marine Connectivity Working Group, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53847/jxqa6585.

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Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely used as place-based protective measures for restoring and safeguarding marine biodiversity. When ecological connectivity is taken into account during design and management, the results can lead to more effective and resilient MPAs and MPA networks. This publication provides 13 ‘Rules of Thumb’ to support more consistent efforts by MPA managers and marine conservation professionals to implement connectivity conservation and better measure progress towards global conservation targets. These purpose-built tools are intended to inform more effective management and protection of oceans and coasts by covering a diversity of science and policy issues. They can also be used to progress system-based marine conservation as an essential component of national, transboundary, and global policies that establish greater connectivity across borders and at larger scales.

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Charmes, Jacques. Designing Surveys and Analysing Results from a Gender Perspective in Economic Research. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2022.009.

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This document provides guidance on the integration of gender and diversity considerations into applied research in economics focusing on countries in which the informal sector is predominant. It draws inspiration from the support given to the West African research centres involved in researching solutions to the socioeconomic challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly the livelihoods of vulnerable groups and the informal sector. The document was written with the assistance of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and is intended to be a guide to applied research. Section 1 sets out the principal orientations of gender analyses. Section 2 examines how, in practice, considerations of gender and diversity are integrated into the design and formulation of statistical and qualitative surveys, and into their descriptive and logistic analyses. Section 3 contains a brief compilation of the resources available on gender, the informal economy, and the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Leis, Sherry, Mike DeBacker, Lloyd Morrison, Gareth Rowell, and Jennifer Haack. Vegetation community monitoring protocol for the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network: Narrative, Version 4.0. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294948.

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Native and restored plant communities are part of the foundation of park ecosystems and provide a natural context to cultural and historical events in parks throughout the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN). Vegetation communities across the HTLN are primarily of three types: prairie, woodland, and forest. Park resource managers need an eﬀective plant community monitoring protocol to guide the development and adaptation of management strategies for maintaining and/or restoring composition and structure of prairies, woodland, and forest communities. Our monitoring design attempts to balance the needs of managers for current information and the need for insight into the changes occurring in vegetation communities over time. This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative (this document) and 18 standard operating procedures (SOPs) for monitoring plant communities in HTLN parks. The scientiﬁc objectives of HTLN plant community monitoring are to (1) describe the species composition, structure, and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; (2) determine temporal changes in the species composition, structure and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; and (3) determine the relationship between temporal and spatial changes and environmental variables, including speciﬁc management practices where possible. This protocol narrative describes the sampling design for plant communities, including the response design (data collection methods), spatial design (distribution of sampling sites within a park), and revisit design (timing and frequency of monitoring visits). Details can be found in the SOPs, which are listed in the Revision History section and available at the Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) website (irma.nps.gov). Other aspects of the protocol summarized in the narrative include procedures for data management and reporting, personnel and operating requirements, and instructions for how to revise the protocol.

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Bischoff, Thore Sören, Kaja von der Leyen, Simon Winkler-Portmann, Dierk Bauknecht, Kilian Bizer, Matthias Englert, Martin Führ, et al. Regulatory experimentation as a tool to generate learning processes and govern innovation, An analysis of 26 international cases. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627857.

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Regulatory experiments can be useful to guide complex transitions in the field of sustainable development. They help to understand the effects of policies and regulations and offer insights into the dynamics of social processes. Empirical studies analyzing heterogeneous samples of regulatory experiments are missing. This paper uses a qualitative content analysis to examine 26 international cases of regulatory experiments in the field of sustainable development. The results show the diversity of existing regulatory experiments in terms of their design. We use the results to formulate implications on how to use regulatory experiments that facilitate learning processes.

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Vigneri, Marcella. The Science in the Middle: Middle Level Theory in International Development Evaluation. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmwp3.

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This paper discusses how Middle Level Theory is becoming an important tool in the evaluation of international development programmes by connecting abstract theory to project level theory. The paper discusses three defining features of how mid-level theorising generates transferable knowledge across disciplines and settings; it consolidates empirical regularities in human behaviour, it explains the diversity of outcomes observed across contexts, and it is explicit about causal principles observed in different settings. These attributes are illustrated using examples from interventions in international development that show the potential of the method in improving the design of international development programmes.

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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.

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