Готові списки джерел за темами / Design cooling capacity

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Design cooling capacity"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Design cooling capacity"

Xu, Ziming, Jun Xu, Zhechen Guo, Haitao Wang, Zheng Sun, and Xuesong Mei. "Design and Optimization of a Novel Microchannel Battery Thermal Management System Based on Digital Twin." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041421.

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In order to avoid high-temperature and large rate discharge impact on the performance of battery modules, a microchannel liquid cooling battery thermal management system (BTMS) and BTMS virtual model of the microchannel structure based on digital twin (DT) is proposed. On the basis of accurate virtual simulation model, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and the Gaussian process regression algorithm were combined to drive the optimization process in order to improve the cooling capacity of the system. The results show that the microchannel plates can greatly enhance the cooling capacity of the direct cooling system and effectively improve the uniformity of the coolant. The width of the microchannel plates and the side spacing actually represent the amount of coolant flowing through the inside and outside of the battery module, which significantly impacts the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference. Increasing the coolant flow can only effectively improve the cooling capacity of the module to a limited extent. Gaussian process regression based on the DT virtual model is more suitable for analyzing the interaction between multiple factors and obtaining global optimization results. After optimization, the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of the system are reduced by 4.02 °C and 5.05 °C, respectively. The proposed structure and method are expected to provide insights into the design and development of battery thermal management systems.

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Li, Tingxuan, Zhilin Xia, and Xiaochun Fan. "Cooling capacity evaluation of passive radiation cooling materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2200, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2200/1/012021.

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Abstract passive radiation cooling technology has aroused widespread interest and research enthusiasm because it can cool objects with zero energy consumption, and even cool to below the ambient temperature. At present, when evaluating the cooling performance of radiation cooling materials, in order to reduce the impact of air convection heat transfer and improve the radiation cooling capacity of materials, test samples are usually put into incubators for insulation. In this paper, the finite element method was used to analyze the influence of the size and material of the common used structural incubator on the radiation cooling capacity of the test sample, as well as the influence of the selection of reference ambient temperature. Results show that the selection of incubator structure, material and ambient temperature has a obvious impact on the evaluation results of material radiation cooling capacity, especially when the ambient heat convection coefficient is low. Therefore, for comparing the test results of different research work, a unified incubator design is needed, including structural size and material selection.

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Трушляков, Євген Іванович, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко, Сергій Георгійович Фордуй та Ян Зонмін. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРОЕКТНОЇ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ В КОНКРЕТНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВАХ І РІЗНИМИ МЕТОДАМИ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 6 (24 грудня 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.6.03.

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The cold output for the heat-moisture treatment of ambient air in air conditioning systems depends on its parameters (temperature and relative humidity), which vary significantly during operation. To determine the installed (design) cooling capacity of air conditioning system chillers, it is proposed to use a reduction in fuel consumption of a power plant or cooling capacity generation following its current conditioning spending over a certain period, since both of these indicators characterize the efficiency of using the installed cooling capacities of the air conditioning system. To extend the results of the investigation to a wide range of air conditioning units, two methods were used to determine the design cooling capacity (refrigerating capacity): by the maximum annual value and by the maximum growth rate of the efficiency indicator. The first method allows choosing the design cooling capacity, which provides a maximum annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption due to air cooling or maximum cooling capacity generation, which is necessary for air cooling following current climatic conditions. The second method allows determining the minimum design (installed) cooling capacity of chillers, which provides the maximum rate of reduction in fuel consumption by the power plant and the increment in the annual cooling capacity generation following the installed cooling capacity of chillers. The efficiency of air conditioning systems was analyzed for different climatic conditions: a temperate climate using the example of Voznesensk city (Ukraine) and the subtropical climate of Nanjing city (China). It is shown that the design cooling capacity values calculated by both indicators of its use efficiency are the same for the same climatic conditions. Wherein, if to determine the design cooling capacity by both methods - by the maximum annual value and the maximum rate of growth of the indicator, its values turned out to be quite close for tropical climatic conditions and somewhat different for a temperate climate.

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Kula, Sinan. "Design Studies of Two Stage Cooling Loop for New Generation Vehicles." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.104.

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In this article, the design and integration of an intelligent refrigeration system that increases air conditioning and engine efficiency, reduces fuel consumption and emission levels in vehicles manufactured today will be examined. This design will include a two-stage cooling system. Two-stage cooling unit consist; high temperature radiator and low temperature radiator. The engine coolant will be cooled in the high temperature radiator. In the low temperature radiator, coolant of water cooled air charger and air conditioning condenser will be cooled. It is aimed to increase the engine efficiency by cooling more efficiently, thanks to the heat carrying capacity of the water which is high compared to air. With this project, it is aimed to cool the heated air after the turbocharging and air conditioning gas in the vehicle with water instead of air.

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Seyed Salehi, Seyed Shahabaldin, Andrea Ferrantelli, Hans Kristjan Aljas, Jarek Kurnitski, and Martin Thalfeldt. "Impact of internal heat gain profiles on the design cooling capacity of landscaped offices." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124607003.

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Using passive methods in façade design for controlling heating and cooling needs is an important prerequisite for constructing cost-effective nearly zero-energy buildings. Optimal control of solar heat gains reduces the cooling demand and the size of the active cooling systems. However, applying such methods increases the impact of internal heat gains on the heat balance of the buildings, and accordingly also the dimensions of cooling systems. Therefore, a good model of internal heat gains is needed for a reliable and optimal sizing of the cooling sources. This paper aims to bring understanding to developing internal heat gains models for sizing the cooling systems. For this purpose, several weekly internal heat gain profiles were selected from a large set of tenant-based electricity use measured in 4 office buildings in Tallinn. The selection was based on maximum daily or weekly peak loads of an office space per floor area. The selected profiles and the schedule of EN 16798-1 were used to dimension ideal coolers in the zones of a generic floor model with landscaped offices developed in IDA-ICE 4.8. The model had variable window sizes and thermal mass of the building materials. Finally, the internal heat gains models resulting in the largest cooling capacity were identified. We found that utilizing thermal mass can reduce the cooling system size by up to 7% on average and the models with big windows and light structure need the largest cooling systems. The cooling loads obtained with the profile of EN 16798-1 did not significantly differ from the average of other profiles’ results. This paper focused mainly on the zonal dimensioning of cooling systems, therefore a more in-depth analysis of the different occupancy patterns as well as developing models for dimensioning the cooling system at the building level, is needed.

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Song, Jiangnan, Ying Huang, Yi Liu, Zongpeng Ma, Lunjun Chen, Taike Li, and Xiang Zhang. "Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Cooling Flow Field Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Energies 15, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072609.

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High temperatures and non-uniform temperatures both have a negative bearing on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The temperature of proton exchange membrane fuel cells can be lowered by reasonably distributed cooling channels. The flow field distribution of five different cooling plates is designed, and the temperature uniformity, pressure drop and velocity of each cooling flow field are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics technology. The results show that while the pressure drop is high, the flow channel distribution of a multi-spiral flow field and honeycomb structure flow field contribute more to improving the temperature uniformity. As the coolant is blocked by the uniform plate, it is found that although the flow field channel with a uniform plate has poor performance in terms of temperature uniformity, its heat dissipation capacity is still better than that of the traditional serpentine flow field. The multi-spiral flow field has the strongest ability to maintain the temperature stability in the cooling plate when the heat flux increases. The increase in Reynolds number, although increasing the pressure drop, can reduce the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the flow field, ameliorate the temperature uniformity and improve the heat transfer capacity of the cooling plate.

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Трушляков, Євген Іванович, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Микола Іванович Радченко, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор та Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко. "ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО ПОВІТРЯ СИСТЕМИ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ТИПУ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (31 серпня 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.4.02.

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Анотація:

One of the most attractive reserves of enhancing the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems is to provide the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close to nominal modes by choosing rational design cooling loads (cooling capacities) and their distribution according to a cooling load behaviour within the overall design (installed) cooling load band to match current changeable climatic conditions and provide close to maximum annual cooling capacity generation according to cooling duties. The direction of increasing the efficiency of outdoor air conditioning in combined central-local type systems by rationally distributing the heat load - cooling capacity of the central air conditioner into zones of variable heat load in accordance with current climatic conditions and its relatively stable value, i.e. cooling capacity required for further air cooling at the entrance to the indoor recirculation air conditioning system is justified. By comparing the values of the excessive production of cold and its deficit within every 3 days for a rational design heat load of the air conditioning system (cooling capacity of the installed refrigeration machine), which provides close to maximum annual production of cold, and the corresponding values of the excess and deficit of cooling capacity in accordance with current climatic conditions during July substantiated the feasibility of accumulating the excess of cooling capacity of a central air conditioner at low current loads and its use for covering cooling deficit at elevated heat loads through pre-cooling the outdoor air. It is developed a scheme of a combined central-local air conditioning system, which includes the subsystems for the outdoor air conditioning in a central air conditioner and the local indoor recirculated air conditioning.

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Lakovic, Mirjana, Milos Banjac, Slobodan Lakovic, and Milica Jovic. "Industrial cooling tower design and operation in the moderate-continental climate conditions." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 5 (2016): 1203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci16s5203l.

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A large number of producers offer a wide choice of various types of industrial cooling towers. Usually, a proper choice of pre-fabricated cooling tower satisfies end-user needs. However, if there are specific end-user requirements, it is necessary to design cooling tower according to those requirements. For the adhesive factory located in southern region of Serbia, 350 kW mechanical draught wet cooling tower was designed and built. Dimensioning of the cooling tower was done according to parameters of the ambient air, higher than the standard recommendations given in the literature. In this paper, the reasons for deviation from recommendations are given. The analysis of the cooling tower operation based on real meteorological parameters for 2015 is also shown in this paper. According to this analysis, cooling tower provides required water temperature in any season, and gives opportunity for energy savings in winter, with opportunity for heat capacity enlargement if production capacity is raised as it is planned in the factory.

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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович, Ян Зонмін, Микола Іванович Радченко, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Богдан Сергійович Портной та Юрій Георгійович Щербак. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВСТАНОВЛЕНОЇ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНІСТІ СИСТЕМИ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГАЗОТУРБІННОЇ УСТАНОВКИ ЗА ПОТОЧНИМ ТЕПЛОВИМ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯМ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 2 (22 квітня 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.2.07.

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Significant fluctuations of the current temperature and relative humidity of the ambient air lead to significant changes in the thermal load on the cooling system at the inlet of gas turbine units (GTU), which acutely raises the problem of choosing their installed (design) thermal load. Calculations of ambient air cooling processes were carried out for different climatic conditions, for example, southern Ukraine (Mykolaiv) and Central China (Beijing). It is analyzed two methods of determination of the installed (design) cooling capacity of the ambient air cooling system at the GTU inlet according to the maximum current reduction of fuel consumption and according to the maximum rate (increase) of annual reduction of fuel consumption following to increasing of the installed cooling capacity, calculated by summarizing the current values of fuel consumption reduction. It is shown that the values of the installed cooling capacity of the air cooling system at the GTU inlet, determined by both methods, are close enough but differ significantly for different climatic conditions. The advantage of the method of calculating the installed cooling capacity of the air cooling system at the GTU inlet according to the maximum rate of annual reduction in fuel consumption is the possibility of a more precise definition of it due to the absence of significant fluctuations in the annual reduction in fuel consumption, calculated by summarizing the current values of fuel consumption reduction. Since the maximum reduction in fuel consumption per year is achieved with some decrease in the rate of its increment at high values of the design cooling capacity, required in the hottest hours in the summer and excessive in somewhat cool periods (at night and in the morning even in the summer), the installed cooling capacity, determined according to the maximum rate of the reduction of fuel consumption, will be insufficient in times of increased thermal loads above their design value. In such cases, the elimination of the deficit in cooling capacity is possible by using an excess of cold accumulated during reduced thermal loads

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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович. "МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ТЕРМОТРАНСФОРМАТОРА ЗА МАКСИМАЛЬНИМ ТЕМПОМ ПРИРОЩЕННЯ ТЕРМОЧАСОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (14 жовтня 2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.07.

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It is proved a possibility of using the thermohour cooling potential method, developed by the author, for defining the installed (design) refrigeration capacity of term transformer (refrigeration machine), providing a maximum rate of thermo-hour cooling potential increasing according to the current climatic conditions for a definite period of operation.It is proposed to define the effect, gained due to cooling air, in particular at the inlet of GTU, depends on duration and depth of cooling, by thermohour potential ÕS,°С·h, as air temperature decrease Δta multiplied by duration τ of GTU operation at decreased temperature: ÕS = ∑(Δta ∙°τ), which to some extent characterizes heat load on the cooling system.It is shown that taking into consideration a different rate of annual thermohour cooling potential arising with increasing the installed refrigeration capacity of term transformer, caused by changing the heat load according to current climatic conditions during a year, it is necessary to choose such design heat load on the air cooling system (refrigeration capacity of term transformer) that provides a maximum value of annual thermohour cooling potential or close it with relatively high rates of its increasing. To define the installed refrigeration capacity, providing a maximum rate of annual thermohour cooling potential increasing, it is analyzed the dependence of annual thermohour cooling potential related to the installed refrigeration capacity of term transformer, from the installed refrigeration capacity of term transformer. As a result of the investigation, it is proposed the method of defining the design heat load (installed refrigeration capacity) of term transformer with maximum rates of increasing thermohour cooling potential, as a further development of methodology of rational designing of them transformers for combustion engine inlet air cooling on the base of thermohour potential, developed by author

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Design cooling capacity"

Ritz, Carolina, and Malin Mattsson-Mårn. "Utformningens betydelse för energiförbrukningen : En fallstudie av verksamhetsbyggnader." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28281.

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Purpose: The building sector accounts for 40 % of the total energy consumption in Sweden today, and the largest proportion is consumed during the operating phase. From the year 2020 and onwards, all new buildings should be erected as zero-emissionbuildings. The building’s design can reduce energy demands, but the current legal requirements do not favour energy-efficient designs. This study focuses on the design’s importance for the energy efficiency of buildings, i.e., energy-saving design. The impact of specific measures is difficult to calculate due to the complexity of reality. This study aims to highlight the measures that could reduce energy consumption in commercial buildings. Method: In order to provide answers to the issues stated in the report and to achieve the objective of the study, case studies are being conducted investigating three commercial buildings where deliberate decisions were made to use energy-reducing measures. Results and conclusions are based on qualitative interviews and literature studies. Findings: The energy-reducing design measures found to be of most importance used in the studied buildings are the form factor, the window portion and the thermal storage capacity. Moreover, significant savings are possible by carefully consider how solar energy can be limited or used in the building. Generally, buildings tends to become more technical, therefore technical knowledge early in the process is important to reach a good result. Economic incentives and clear objectives with right focus are also important for optimizing a building’s energy performance. The wording and the requirement levels in the Swedish building regulations highly controls the construction of energy efficient buildings. Implications: This study shows how energy efficient design is made today and provides an indication of what can be done and what should be prioritized. By imposing requirements on consumed energy instead of bought, energy efficient design could be favoured. Furthermore, this study suggests that a balance between windows, façade and solar shading are important energy-reducing measures. Regardless of selected energyreducing measures, a good performance is essential. Finally, this study shows that a methodical use of existing knowledge and technology makes a difference. Limitations: A lifecycle approach provides an overall picture of a building’s energy consumption. However, this study is based on the energy consumption during the operating phase. The result of this study does not take economic or aesthetic factors into account. This study is a comparative case study and is based on few but carefully matched cases. The selected cases are commercial buildings where deliberate decisions were made to use energy-reducing measures.

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Komárek, Filip. "Návrh rekonstrukce stávající vstupní rozvodny a kabelové sítě 22 kV v areálu fakultní nemocnice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377072.

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This master's thesis deals with the area hospital distribution networkand one of the hospital's entry substation. The first part of this master's thesis deals with the project of the new cable network, her gradual revival without any power outages at the collection points. Futher, in this thesis is project of temporary transformer station for supplying power during the reconstruction of the HV switchboard. Subsequently, in this thesis is project of the new HV switchboard in one of the entry substation. new HV switchgear and a new HV substation were projected. Futher, in this thesis is proposed compensation of the whole area, including the HV network.

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Kvasnička, Karel. "Mobilní zdroje elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413211.

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TONG, JUN-YANG, and 童鈞洋. "Design of cooling fin to enhance the generating capacity of thermoelectric module for motorcycle exhaust pipe system." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76041376202141406786.

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碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系所
104
A thermoelectric module was installed at the exhaust pipe of motorcycle to generate electric power from waste heat in this thesis. Bismuth telluride thermoelectric generators were used in this study and obtained from Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan. To enhance the temperature difference and generating capacity, cooling fins of thermoelectric module at the exhaust pipe of motorcycle were studied. Heat sink analytical and finite element models were used to design the geometry of cooling fins and were compared to the experimental results. Three rotation speeds of motorcycle engine, 1700, 2500 and 3000rpm were investigated in the experiment. Experimental results showed that temperature difference and electrical power increased 10%, 11% and 25% for modified heat sink at 1700rpm, 2500 and 3000rpm, respectively.

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Wang, Shih-Chuan, and 王世全. "Design and Experimental Analysis of Cooling Structure of an Outside Metallic Box Used for High Capacity Tele-communication System." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04955419255171677017.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系所
95
The main object of experiment is built for expanding service area in Chunghwa Telecom Company , LTD. It is a metallic box that is on the side of the road used for High Capacity Tele-communication System. It consists of two layers. Inside layer is installed with internet equipment that is the main heat source. Outside layer is installed with subscriber line and cooling equipment. 　　The experiment is researched for cooling structure of an outside metallic box used for High Capacity Tele-communication System. The process of experiment is used with air for cooling fluid. Then analyses the effect of heat transfer that cooling structure of an outside metallic box used for High Capacity Tele-communication System Inside layer has three fixed heat source that are 350W,600W and 850W. There are 1 ~ 3 cooling structures that are consist of (1)heat exchanger on the side of the box (2)eight cooling fans on the top of the box (3)forced cooling structure( assemble with heat sinks and fans) 　　The result of experiment find (1)Balance temperature changes and follows the background temperature. (2)It can create 6.5％~20％ effect of heat transfer with forced cooling structure (3)it could reduce the balance temperature and fault rate of circuit board. At the same time , it can advance the service quality.

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Trushliakov, E., A. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, S. Kantor, O. Zielikov, Є. Трушляков, А. Радченко, М. Радченко, С. Кантор, and А. Зеліков. "The efficiency of refrigeration capacity regulation in ambient air conditioning systems." Thesis, 2020. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4345.

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Анотація:

The efficiency of refrigeration capacity regulation in ambient air conditioning systems = Ефективність регулювання холодопродуктивності в системах кондиціювання зовнішнього повітря / E. Trushliakov, A. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, S. Kantor, O. Zielikov // Матеріали XI міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2020. – Т. 1. – С. 475–480.
Розроблено новий метод і підхід до аналізу ефективності системи кондиціювання зовнішнього повітря, згідно з яким весь діапазон змінних теплових навантажень поділяється на дві зони: зона обробки навколишнього повітря зі значними коливаннями поточного теплового навантаження і зона без коливань. Пропонований спосіб регулювання холодопродуктивності дозволяє підвищити ефективність використання встановленої холодопродуктивності в поточних кліматичних умовах.
Abstract. A new method and approach to analyzing the efficiency of ambient air conditioning system has been developed, according to which the overall range of changeable heat loads is divided in two zones: the zone of ambient air processing with considerable fluctuations of the current heat load and a zone without fluctuations. The proposed method of the refrigeration capacity regulation allows to increase the efficiency of utilizing the installed refrigeration capacity in current climatic conditions.

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Radchenko, M., E. Trushliakov, A. Radchenko, S. Kantor, V. Tkachenko, М. Радченко, Є. Трушляков, А. Радченко, С. Кантор, and В. Ткаченко. "Approach to enhance the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems by cooling load distribution in ambient air procession." Thesis, 2020. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4346.

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Анотація:

Approach to enhance the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems by cooling load distribution in ambient air procession = Підхід до підвищення енергетичної ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря шляхом розподілу холодопродуктивності при обробці зовнішнього повітря / M. Radchenko, E. Trushliakov, A. Radchenko, S. Kantor, V. Tkachenko // Матеріали XI міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2020. – Т. 1. – С. 490–500.
У загальному випадку весь діапазон холодопродуктивності будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря включає нестабільний діапазон і порівняно стабільну частину холодопродуктивності для подальшого охолодження повітря. Таким чином, стабільний діапазон холодопродуктивності може бути забезпечений роботою звичайного компресора, в той час як режим із значними коливаннями холодопродуктивності вимагає її модуляції. Пропонований підхід може бути використаний для проектування систем зі змінним потоком хладагента (VRF), забезпечених системою обробки зовнішнього повітря (OAP).
Abstract. In general case, an overall cooling load band of any air conditioning system comprises the unstable cooling load range and a comparatively stable cooling load part for further air cooling. Thus, the stable cooling load range can be covered by operation of conventional compressor, meantime mode with considerable cooling load fluctuation needs load modulation. A proposed method can be adopted for designing Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems provided with Outdoor Air Processing (OAP) system.

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Трушляков, Є. І., А. М. Радченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, E. I. Trushliakov, A. M. Radchenko, B. S. Portnoi та S. G. Forduy. "Методи визначення теплового навантаження систем кондиціювання повітря з урахуванням поточних кліматичних умов". Thesis, 2019. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4332.

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Анотація:

Методи визначення теплового навантаження систем кондиціювання повітря з урахуванням поточних кліматичних умов = Methods to determine the heat load of air conditioning systems with account of current climatic conditions / Є. І. Трушляков, А. М. Радченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй // Матеріали X міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2019. – Т. 1. – С. 493–497.
Анотація. Одним з найбільш привабливих резервів підвищення енергетичної ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря є забезпечення роботи холодильних компресорів в номінальному або близькому до номінального режимах шляхом вибору раціонального проектного теплового навантаження та його розподілу в межах його проектної величини відповідно до характеру поточного теплового навантаження за змінних поточних кліматичних умов з метою максимального або близького до нього річного виробництва холоду відповідно до його витрат на кондиціювання повітря. В загальному випадку весь діапазон поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря включає діапазон нестабільних навантажень, пов’язаних з попереднім охолодженням зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями витрат холодопродуктивності відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов, і порівняно стабільну частку холодильної потужності, що витрачається на подальше зниження температури повітря від певної порогової температури до кінцевої температури на виході. Цілком очевидно, що стабільний діапазон теплового навантаження може бути забезпечений при роботі звичайного компресора в режимі, близькому до номінального режимі, тоді як попереднє охолодження зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями теплового навантаження потребує регулювання холодопродуктивності шляхом застосування компресора з регульованою швидкістю. Таким чином, за характером зміни поточних теплових навантажень будь-яка система кондиціювання повітря, чи то центральна система кондиціювання повітря з його тепловологісною обробкою в центральному кондиціонері, чи то її комбінація з місцевою рециркуляційною системою кондиціювання повітря в приміщеннях, по суті, складається з двох підсистем: попереднього охолодження зовнішнього повітря і його подальшого охолодження до встановленої кінцевої температури. Запропонований метод розподілу проектного теплового навантаження в залежності від характеру поточних теплових навантажень є корисним для раціонального проектування систем центрального кондиціювання повітря та їх комбінованих версій з місцевою системою кондиціювання повітря.
Abstract. One of the most attractive reserves for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems is to ensure the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close to nominal modes by selecting a rational design heat load and distributing it within its design value according to the behavior of the current heat load under variable current climatic conditions to provide the maximum or close to maximum annual cooling capacity generation accord-ing to cooling duties of air conditioning. In the general case, the overall range of current thermal loads of any air conditioning system includes a range of unstable loads associated with the precooling of ambient air with significant fluctuations in cooling capacity according with current climatic conditions, and a relatively stable range of cooling capacity consumed to further reduce air temperature from a certain threshold temperature to the final outlet tem-perature. It is quite obvious that a stable range of heat load can be ensured within operating a conventional com-pressor in a mode close to the nominal mode, while precooling the ambient air with significant fluctuations in heat load requires regulation of the cooling capacity through the use of a variable speed compressor. Thus, in response of the behavior of the change in current heat loads, any air conditioning system, whether the central air-conditioning system with its heat procession in a central air conditioner, or a combination thereof with a local recirculation sys-tem of indoor air, essentially consists of two subsystems: pre-cooling the ambient air and then cooling it to the set point temperature. The proposed method of distribution of design heat load depending on the behaviour of current heat load is useful for the rational design of central air conditioning systems and their combined versions with the local air conditioning system.
Аннотация. Одним из самых привлекательных резервов повышения энергетической эффективности систем кондиционирования воздуха является обеспечение работы холодильных компрессоров в номинальном или близком к номинальному режимах путем выбора рационального проектной тепловой нагрузки и ее распределения в пределах ее проектной величины в соответствии с характером текущей тепловой нагрузки в соответствии с меняющимися текущими климатическими условиями с целью максимального или близкого к нему годового производства холода в соответствии с его расходованием на кондиционирование воздуха. В общем случае весь диапазон текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха включает диапазон нестабильных нагрузок, связанных с предварительным охлаждением наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями затрат холодопроизводительности в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями, и сравнительно стабильную долю холодопроизводительности, расходуемой на снижение температуры воздуха от определенной пороговой температуры до конечной температуры на выходе. Совершенно очевидно, что стабильный диапазон тепловой нагрузки может быть обеспечен при работе обычного компрессора в режиме, близком к номинальному, тогда как предварительное охлаждение наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями тепловой нагрузки требует регулирования холодопроизводительности путем применения компрессора с регулируемой скоростью. Таким образом, по характеру изменения текущих тепловых нагрузок любая система кондиционирования воздуха, то ли центральная система кондиционирования воздуха с его тепловлажностной обработкой в центральном кондиционере, то ли ее комбинация с местной рециркуляционной системой кондиционирования воздуха в помещениях, по сути, состоит из двух подсистем: предварительного охлаждения наружного воздуха и его дальнейшего охлаждения до установленной конечной температуры. Предложенный метод распределения проектного тепловой нагрузки в зависимости от характера текущих тепловых нагрузок весьма полезный для рационального проектирования систем центрального кондиционирования воздуха и их комбинированных версий с местной системой кондиционирования воздуха.

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Трушляков, Є. І., А. М. Радченко, В. С. Ткаченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, С. А. Кантор, E. I. Trushliakov та ін. "Ступеневий принцип розподілу теплового навантаження в системі кондиціювання повітря". Thesis, 2019. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4333.

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Анотація:

Ступеневий принцип розподілу теплового навантаження в системі кондиціювання повітря = The stage principle of distribution of thermal load in air conditioning systems / Є. І. Трушляков, А. М. Радченко, В. С. Ткаченко, Б. С. Портной, С. Г. Фордуй, С. А. Кантор // Матеріали X міжнар. наук.-техн. конф. "Інновації в суднобудуванні та океанотехніці". В 2 т. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2019. – Т. 1. – С. 504–508.
Анотація. Підтримання роботи холодильних компресорів в номінальному або близькому до нього режимах шляхом вибору раціонального проектного теплового навантаження та його розподілу за характером зміни поточного теплового навантаження відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов є одним з перспективних резервів підвищення енергетичної ефективності систем кондиціювання повітря, реалізація якого забезпечує досягнення максимального або близького до нього річного виробництва холоду відповідно до його витрат на кондиціювання повітря. В загальному випадку весь діапазон поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря включає діапазон нестабільних навантажень, обумовлених попереднім охолодженням зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями витрат холодопродуктивності відповідно до поточних кліматичних умов, і діапазон порівняно стабільної холодильної потужності, що витрачається на подальше зниження температури повітря від певної порогової температури до кінцевої температури на виході. Якщо діапазон стабільного теплового навантаження може бути забезпечений при роботі звичайного компресора в режимі, близькому до номінального, то попереднє охолодження зовнішнього повітря зі значними коливаннями теплового навантаження потребує регулювання холодопродуктивності шляхом застосування компресора з регульованою швидкістю або ж використання надлишку холоду, закумульованого при знижених теплових навантаженнях. Такий ступеневий принцип охолодження забезпечує узгодження роботи холодильних машин з характером зміни поточних теплових навантажень будь-якої системи кондиціювання повітря, чи то центральної системи кондиціювання повітря з його тепловологісною обробкою в центральному кондиціонері, чи то її комбінації з місцевою рециркуляційною системою кондиціювання повітря в приміщеннях, по суті, як комбінації підсистем – попереднього охолодження зовнішнього повітря з регулюванням холодопродуктивності та подальшого охолодження повітря до встановленої кінцевої температури в умовах відносно стабільного теплового навантаження.
Abstract. Maintaining the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close modes by selecting a rational design thermal load and distributing it in response to the behavior of the current thermal load according to the current climatic conditions is one of the promising reserves for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems, which implementation ensures maximum or close to it in the annual cooling production according to air conditioning duties. In general case, the total range of current thermal loads of any air-conditioning system includes a range of unstable loads caused by precooling of ambient air with significant fluctuations in the cooling capacity according to current climatic conditions, and a range of relatively stable cooling capacity expended for further lowering the air temperature from a certain threshold temperature to the final outlet temperature. If a range of stable thermal load can be provided within operating a conventional compressor in a mode close to nominal, then precooling the ambient air with significant fluctuations in thermal load requires adjusting the cooling capacity by using a variable speed compressor or using excess of heat accumulated at reduced load. Such a stage principle of cooling ensures the operation of refrigerating machines matching the behavior of current thermal loads of any air-conditioning system, whether the central air conditioning system with ambient air procession in the central air conditioner, or its combination with the local indoors recirculation air conditioning systems in the air-conditioning system. in essence, as combinations of subsystems – precooling of ambient air with regulation of cooling capacity and subsequent cooling air to the mouth of the set point temperature under relatively stable thermal load.
Аннотация. Поддержание работы холодильных компрессоров в номинальном или близком к нему режимах путем выбора рациональной проектной тепловой нагрузки и ее распределения согласно характеру изменения текущей тепловой нагрузки в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями является одним из перспективных резервов повышения энергетической эффективности систем кондиционирования воздуха, реализация которого обеспечивает достижение максимального или близкого к нему годового производства холода в соответствии с его расходованием на кондиционирование воздуха. В общем случае весь диапазон текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха включает диапазон нестабильных нагрузок, обусловленных предварительным охлаждением наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями затрат холодопроизводительности в соответствии с текущими климатическими условиями, и диапазон сравнительно стабильной холодопроизводительности, расходуемой на дальнейшее понижение температуры воздуха от некоторой пороговой температуры до конечной температуры на выходе. Если диапазон стабильной тепловой нагрузки может быть покрыт при работе обычного компрессора в режиме, близком к номинальному, то предварительное охлаждение наружного воздуха со значительными колебаниями тепловой нагрузки требует регулирования холодопроизводительности путем применения компрессора с регулируемой скоростью или использования избытка холода, аккумулированного при пониженных тепловых нагрузках. Такой ступенчатый принцип охлаждения обеспечивает согласование работы холодильных машин с характером изменения текущих тепловых нагрузок любой системы кондиционирования воздуха, то ли центральной системы кондиционирования воздуха с его тепловлажностной обработкой в центральном кондиционере, то ли ее комбинации с местной циркуляционной системой кондиционирования воздуха в помещениях, по сути, как комбинации подсистем–предварительного охлаждения наружного воздуха с регулированием холодопроизводительности и последующего охлаждения воздуха до конечной температуры в условиях относительно стабильной тепловой нагрузки.

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Частини книг з теми "Design cooling capacity"

Angelides, M. "Earthquake capacity design considerations." In Natural Draught Cooling Towers, 293–97. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17001-44.

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Zhao, Jinhui, Yifan Bu, and Lijun Zhang. "Design and Performance of Heat Pipe Air-Conditioning Based on Latent Heat of Water Evaporation." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220056.

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This paper proposes a scheme for creating a low-pressure environment to evaporate a large amount of water, using the latent heat of water evaporation for cooling, designing and building a test bench for a heat pipe air conditioning system, and testing the working performance of a negative pressure evaporating heat pipe air conditioner at 30–85°C. COMSOL Multiphysics Establish a fluid heat transfer model to analyze internal heat transfer. Under the design condition of 40°C, the EER is 2.1 and the cooling capacity is 298W. The experimental data and results show that the EER of the system in the high-efficiency working range of 50–75°C is 2.5, the maximum cooling capacity is 376W, and the EER in the actual application temperature range of 30–40°C is 1.4, and the cooling capacity is 221.6W. Basically reached the design index and can run stably.

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Esarte, Jesús, Roger R. Riehl, Simone Mancin, Jesús Mª Blanco, Maite Aresti, and Juncal Estella. "Nanofluid as Advanced Cooling Technology. Success Stories." In Heat Transfer - Design, Experimentation and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96247.

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Nanofluids are defined as heat transfer fluids with enhanced heat transfer properties by the addition of nanoparticles. Nanofluid’s stability, nanoparticles’ type and their chemical compatibility with the base fluid are essential not only to increase the nanofluid’s thermophysical properties but also to ensure a long-lasting and thermal efficient use of the equipment in which it is used. Some of these aspects are discussed in this chapter. Likewise, the improvement in terms of the heat transfer capacity (thermal resistance) that the use of nanofluids has on the heat pipes-thermosyphons is shown. On the other hand, the improvement in energy efficiency that nanofluid causes in a vapor compression system is also presented.

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Yang, Fei, Shengting Kuai, and Zhe Wang. "Study on Water Cooling Performance of IGBT Module in Wind Power Converter." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210262.

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Thermal design of IGBT is the key technology on wind power converter design. This paper introduced a theoretical calculation method of IGBT power loss which is applicable in wind power converter engineering applications. Meantime, the corresponding mathematic model was established. Considering the divergence of application environments as well as the characteristics of water-cooling heat dissipation, simulation models of two different inlet and outlet position radiators were built in Ansys software. And then the cooling capacity of these two types of radiators was analyzed though simulation. According to the simulation results, the ipsilateral inlet and outlet channel mode radiator was selected. After the sample production of the water cooling plate is completed, the experimental platform is built and the sample was verified. Finally, the experiment results indicated the rationality and practicability of the thermal design and simulation, which provided critical references of IGBT water cooling system design. In this paper, the performance of water cooling radiators is studied, which also provides a reference for the design of other high power electronic products.

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Ramesh Korasikha, Naga, Thopudurthi Karthikeya Sharma, Gadale Amba Prasad Rao, and Kotha Madhu Murthy. "Recent Advancements in Thermal Performance Enhancement in Microchannel Heatsinks for Electronic Cooling Application." In Heat Transfer - Design, Experimentation and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97087.

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Thermal management of electronic equipment is the primary concern in the electronic industry. Miniaturization and high power density of modern electronic components in the energy systems and electronic devices with high power density demanded compact heat exchangers with large heat dissipating capacity. Microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) are the most suitable heat exchanging devices for electronic cooling applications with high compactness. The heat transfer enhancement of the microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) is the most focused research area. Huge research has been done on the thermal and hydraulic performance enhancement of the microchannel heat sinks. This chapter’s focus is on advanced heat transfer enhancement methods used in the recent studies for the MCHS. The present chapter gives information about the performance enhancement MCHS with geometry modifications, Jet impingement, Phase changing materials (PCM), Nanofluids as a working fluid, Flow boiling, slug flow, and magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD).

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Liu, Xiao-Chen, and Leif H. Skibsted. "Advances in understanding milk salts." In Understanding and improving the functional and nutritional properties of milk, 433–70. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2022.0099.14.

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Distribution of minerals between casein micelles and the homogeneous serum phase of milk is different for different mammals. Chemical thermodynamics has provided a complete description of mineral distribution in milk and caseins with varying degree of phosphorylation and metal binding capacity. Milk production processes including cooling and heat treatment, acidification, and addition of salts also affect mineral distribution. Quantum mechanical calculations have recently been introduced to dairy science to optimize design of dairy products with improved mineral nutritive value. New roles of citrate and other hydroxycarboxylates in controlling bioavailability of calcium and magnesium have been identified through such calculations.

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Ponnusamy, Vasaki, Bobby Sharma, and Gan Ming Lee. "Green Energy in Data Centers Using Internet of Things." In Role of IoT in Green Energy Systems, 225–46. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6709-8.ch010.

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Green energy infrastructure with the internet technologies relies on five important domains: green machine to machine (M2M), green cloud computing (CC), green data center (DC), green ICT, and green cellular. The ever-increasing demand for cloud computing and heavy dependence on cloud for storage, processing, and applications results in the need for more data centers with high capacity. Power management using wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be a potential solution as there has been a lot of works suing WSN for power management for green buildings, green home, and green farming. The same design can be applied to data centers with modifications to cater for data centers. Since WSN is part of IoT, various IoT-related solutions can be proposed for green data center solutions. A hybrid model that consists of virtualization, cooling systems, and IoT shows energy efficient data center designs. There have been various efforts as such, and this research will present green energy designs and mainly IoT-related initiatives for green-aware data centers.

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Gamberi, Mauro, Marco Bortolini, Alessandro Graziani, and Riccardo Manzini. "Retrofitting of R404a Commercial Refrigeration Systems with R410a and R407f HFCs Refrigerants." In Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies, 260–94. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8398-3.ch007.

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This chapter presents an experimental analysis about the retrofitting of two commercial stationary refrigeration systems marketed by an Italian leading company of the sector. Such systems operate both at medium temperature (MT) and low temperature (LT) and they are originally designed to work with the high global warming potential (GWP) hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) R404a fluid (GWP = 3922). The purpose is to investigate the performances of HFCs R410a (GWP = 2088) and R407f (GWP = 1825) chosen as effective alternatives to HFC R404a, due to their compatibility, non-flammability and market availability. Furthermore, such fluids meet the EU restrictions in force in the next future for high GWP HFCs. The experimental analysis compares the performances, in terms of COP and cooling capacity, of R404a and the two identified alternatives under different operating conditions, i.e. chamber and condenser inlet air temperatures. In case of comparable performances, significant environmental benefits are introduced by the adoption of R407f and R410a in the MT and LT refrigeration systems.

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"put capacity and does not require premixing; it is fairly inexpensive and suitable for continuous operation. Major drawbacks to this equipment are its lack of availability, the need for special heating and cooling control systems, no available laboratory model, and the need for many trial-and-error runs in order to scale-up to production. 8. Static Mixers A true low-shear and low-energy requirement device for emulsifying immiscible liq-uid mixtures is the static mixer. Sometimes called a pipeline mixer, this device is ac-tually a series of specially designed baffles in a cylindrical pipe as shown in Fig. 42. These simple devices are used extensively for the preparation of unstable emulsions for liquid-liquid extraction purposes. Droplet sizes, obtainable using static mixers, have been studied extensively and vary with viscosity, interfacial tension, pressure drop, and static mixer design [45]. Size distributions obtainable range from 1000-100 |am. Hence, al-though there are very few emulsions stable in this region, the static mixer has seen application as an in-line premixer in continuous processes or in recirculation loops to batch-processing equipment. F. Nonmechanical Disperse Processing Recently a new processing technique became available for the production of stable and uniform liposomes. It uses the physico-chemical properties of the supercritical liquids rather than the mechanical forces of the pumps. One such a process technology is pre-sented in this section. 1. Critical Fluids Liposome Process Near-critical or supercritical fluid solvents with or without polar cosolvents (SuperFluids™) (Aphios, Corp., Woburn, MA) for the formation of uniform and stable liposomes having high encapsulation efficiencies has been used [46-48]. Supercritical or near-critical fluids as shown by the pressure-temperature diagram in Fig. 43, are gases such as carbon dioxide and propane that have been processed under ambient conditions. When compressed at conditions above their critical temperature and pres-sure, these substances become fluids with liquidlike density and the ability to dissolve other materials, and gaslike properties of low viscosity and high diffusivity. The gas-eous characteristics increase mass transfer rates, thereby significantly reducing process-ing time. Small added amounts of miscible polar cosolvents, such as alcohol, can be used to adjust polarity and to maximize the selectivity and capacity of the solvent. Fig. 42 Static mixer. (From Ref. 44.)." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 370–75. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420000955-56.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Design cooling capacity"

Fujimoto, Takayuki, Nobuyuki Isoshima, Hiroyuki Toyoda, Yoshiaki Yamauchi, Hitoshi Matsushima, and Ikuo Nishida. "Cooling Design for the Next Generation Optical Disc Drive." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33263.

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Recently, the data transfer rate and the memory capacity of optical disc drives have been increasing dramatically. To obtain the high data transfer rate and greater memory capacity, the disc rotation speed and the laser power also need to be increased and these cause an increase in the temperature of the laser diode. Therefore, to develop the next generation optical disc drives, an enhanced cooling system is indispensable for the optical pick-up unit that contains the laser diode. As the temperature of the pick-up unit is influenced by the inside air flow induced by the disc rotation, it is quite necessary to grasp the velocity and temperature distribution inside the drive, and also the influence of the disc rotation speed on the temperature of the pick-up unit. Hence we applied PIV measurements and CFD simulations to visualize the flow field and the internal temperature. Then, during the actual disc recording process we measured the temperature of the pick-up unit and the internal air of the drive. As a result, we made clear the dependence of the disc rotation speed on the pick-up unit temperature. In addition, as an example for next generation optical disc drives, we evaluated the cooling system applying a small axial fan inside the drive and confirmed the validity of this fan system.

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Wang, Tao, Fang Wang, Hongqun Chen, Junyan Ou, Dawei Yu, and Jiawen Zhang. "Research on Small-scale Variable Capacity Evaporative Cooling Plate System for Chips with High Heating Flux." In 5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icadme-15.2015.407.

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Tao, Yubo, Baoxin Hao, Xuan Chen, Hao Chen, and Jing Shi. "Optimal Capacity Design for Solar Combined Cooling Heating and Power System with Energy Storage." In 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei2.2018.8582466.

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Ghahremani, Amir R., F. Roshanghalb, R. Jahanbakhshi, M. H. Saidi, and S. Kazemzadeh Hannani. "Performance Analysis and Optimization of High Capacity Pulse Tube Refrigerator." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24863.

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High capacity pulse tube refrigerator (HCPTR) is a new generation of cryocoolers tailored to provide more than 250 W of cooling power at cryogenic temperatures. The most important characteristics of HCPTR when compared with other types of pulse tube refrigerators are a powerful pressure wave generator, and an accurate design. In this paper the influence of geometrical and operating parameters on the performance of a double inlet pulse tube refrigerator (DIPTR) is studied. The DIPTR is modeled applying the nodal analysis technique, using mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. The model is able to compute instantaneous flow field throughout the system and calculate cooling capacity and COP. The model is validated with the existing experimental data. To perform the optimized mode of operation, the influence of both geometrical and operating parameters on cooling capacity and COP is investigated. The key geometrical parameters considered in this paper are aspect ratios of regenerator and tube section, length ratio of regenerator and tube, and type of screen mesh. The main operating parameters considered are average charge pressure, and position of opening of orifice and bypass. As a result of this optimization a new configuration of HCPTR is proposed. This configuration provides 300 W at 80 K cold end temperature with a frequency of 50 Hz and COP of 0.054.

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Gong, Xiao, Bo Sun, Baobin Zhou, and Liang Zhang. "Combined Cooling Heating and Power System Design and Capacity Configuration taking into account Solar Photovoltaic." In 2019 14th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2019.8833801.

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Peeples, Johnston W. "Capacity Control in Refrigerated Systems." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35070.

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Powerful refrigeration methods are being deployed to cool electronic devices in test and in end-use application. Cooling capacity control is required to prevent over- or under-cooling. Various levels of control precision are also required. Test applications demand precise temperature control while many end-use applications will accommodate a less sophisticated approach. Important determinants of the method employed to control refrigeration capacity include target operating temperature, absolute and dynamic power dissipation of the device being cooled, control precision required, refrigeration system design and construction, as well as application-related details of the electronics assembly. A variety of capacity control methods are needed to cover the breadth of electronics cooling applications. Control free, or open loop systems meet the needs of some applications. Other systems employ thermal expansion (TX) and hot-gas by-pass valves to provide controlled cooling of very high power electronics cooling vapor compression systems. Modulation of condenser efficiency by varying fan speed provides a very simple but limited range of temperature control. A broad range of precise temperature control requires a combination of approaches to precisely meter refrigerant flow to the cold plate and, if needed, to apply parasitic heat. This paper overviews various vapor compression refrigeration control architectures as they apply to electronics cooling. Comparative cost and performance data are presented.

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Dembo, N., V. Chepkin, M. Goyhenberg, and A. Lanshin. "Design investigations of turbojets using fuel cooling capacity for the 1st stage of TSTO aerospace system." In 9th International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4842.

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Liu, Teng, Weiguo Gao, Guanwei Zhang, Dawei Zhang, and Yifan Zhang. "Supply Power Design of Oil Cooling Strategies for Precision Ball Screw Unit." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9246.

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For the accurate simulation about the heat transfer between the flowing oil coolant and ball screw structure, a heat-fluid-solid interaction transient FE (finite element) modeling method of precision ball screw unit is presented in this paper. This FE modeling method allows a supply power prediction of the oil coolant for precision ball screw unit. Then based on predictions, influencing tendencies from oil cooling strategy (oil supply temperature and volume flow rate) onto the time-varying supply powers of oil coolant are investigated. The research results demonstrate that: Firstly, the supply power of oil coolant has the increasing tendency with the time increase. Besides, the steady scale of oil supply power is in proportion to the oil supply volume flow rate, and in inverse proportion to the oil supply temperature. Finally, the maximum steady supply cooling power brings the guidance for the capacity selection of recirculation cooler for the precision ball screw unit.

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Niu, Jianlei, and Shuo Zhang. "The Impact of Supercooling on the Effective Cooling Storage Capacity of Phase-Change Materials in Natural Cooling Application." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88637.

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Ice storage is currently the dominant cooling energy storage method. To more effectively utilize natural, renewable cooling sources, such as evaporative cooling and sky-radiative cooling, diurnal storage media operated on daily basis at the temperate range between 10 and 20 °C are the most desirable. In this paper, we presented our experimental investigation of micro-encapsulated paraffin slurry as cooling storage media for building cooling applications. The water slurry of micro-encapsulated N-hexadecane with a melting temperature of 18 °C were cooled to 5 °C and heated to 25 °C cyclically in a storage tank of 230 litre, and it was observed that full latent heat storage can only be realized at 5 °C due to supercooling, and the effective cooling storage capacity at the cooling temperature between 5 and 18 °C are obtained, which can be used to for cooling storage system design with various passive cooling possibilities.

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Lear, William E., ChoonJae Ryu, John F. Crittenden, Aditya Srinivasan, William Ellis, David R. Tiffany, Sherif A. Sherif, and Peter L. Meitner. "System Design of a Novel Combined Cooling, Heat, Power, and Water Microturbine Combined Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51454.

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The Power, Water Extraction, and Refrigeration (PoWER) engine has been investigated for several years as a distributed energy system, among other applications, for civilian or military use. Previous literature describing its modeling and experimental demonstration have indicated several benefits, especially when the underlying semi-closed cycle gas turbine is combined with a vapor absorption refrigeration system, the PoWER system described herein. The benefits include increased efficiency, high part-power efficiency, small lapse rate, compactness, less emissions, less air and exhaust flows (which decrease filtration and duct size) and condensation of fresh water. The current paper describes the preliminary design and modeling of a modified version of this system as applied to distributed energy, especially useful in regions which are prone to major grid interruptions due to hurricanes, under-capacity, or terrorism. In such cases, the distributed energy system should support most or all services within an isolated service island, including ice production, so that the influence of the power outage is limited in scope. The current paper describes the rather straightforward system modifications necessary for ice production. The primary focus of the paper is the use of this ice-making capacity to achieve significant load-leveling during the summer utility peak, hence reducing the electrical capacity requirements for the grid as well as load-leveling strategies.

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