Дисертації з теми "Dépôts de transport en masse"
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Claussmann, Barbara. "Dépôts de transport en masse le long de rides chevauchantes : nouvelles contraintes sur l'évolution tectonostratigraphique des bassins associés à la subduction (Marge Hikurangi, Nouvelle-Zélande)." Thesis, Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0034.
Повний текст джерелаAlong active margins, the prevalence of thrust ridges and tectonic processes (e.g., uplift, slope oversteepening) is generally called out as one of the main recurrent reasons for generating slope failures and mass wasting on subduction complexes. The resulting mass-transport deposits (MTDs) are often seen to vary strongly along a single margin and therefore, this research work proposes to investigate their nature, origin and significance in the frame of the tectonostratigraphic evolution of subduction-related sedimentary basins (e.g., trench-slope basins [TSBs]). Here, we present high-resolution outcrop-scale insights on both the characteristics and mechanisms of emplacement of the failed sediments by examining thrust-related MTDs from the Miocene cropping out in the emerged southern portion of the Hikurangi subduction margin (eastern North Island of New Zealand). Regional offshore seismic reflection data are also used to offer a broader overview and understanding of these systems through the study of the larger scale geometries and architectures. Results show the role and importance of the thrust ridges in controlling the TSB infilling. Different styles of MTDs are generated from different structural positions (forelimb and backlimb) and at specific times of thrust-ridge and TSB development. This suggests that MTDs are powerful tectonostratigraphic markers. Here, they help to unravel the evolution of two TSBs and more largely of the Hikurangi Margin at key periods. This study provides new insights on the close interplays between deformation and sedimentation, understandings of which may be key for geohazard, exploration and geodynamic predictions along active margins
Miramontes, García Elda. "Glissements sous-marins en mer Tyrrhénienne septentrionale et relations avec les dépôts contouritiques et turditiques : morphologie, stratigraphie, géotechnique et modélisation." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0083/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Corsica Trough is an asymmetric confined basin located between the Corsica Island and the Tuscan Ar-chipelago, with the western flank dominated by turbiditic and hemipelagic processes and the eastern flank by mass transport and contouritic processes. The present PhD project aims to develop our understanding of the mechanisms that control the formation of submarine landslides within muddy contourites (sediment deposits related to bottom currents) during the Plio-Quaternary. The broad data set available for this PhD project includes: multibeam bathymetry, seismic reflection data, sediment cores, in situ geotechnical measurements, current ADCP measurements and results of a hydrodynamic model.The contourites of the Corsica Trough are mainly composed of mud with sandy layers formed by enhanced bottom currents during periods of sea level fall. The contourite drifts grow slowly during sea level high-stands and rapidly during sea level low-stands due to the high sediment availability provided by an active turbidite sys¬tem. Bottom currents control the seafloor morphology and generate plastered drifts on the slope. This is a con¬vex-shaped contourite with steep slope gradients in the lower part limited by a moat (incision created by bottom currents). The Pianosa Slump was initiated in this lower part of the plastered drift. The occurrence of continuous erosive processes during cold periods could undercut the slope and trigger submarine landslides. Another predis¬posing factor for slope instability identified is the presence of a potential weak layer with a post-peak strain soften¬ing behaviour (strength loss with increasing strain). This particular property is caused by the presence of zeolites (product of the alteration of volcanic rocks). This layer originated the basal failure surface of the Pianosa Slump.In summary, the two main factors predispose the formation of submarine landslides in the Pianosa Ridge are: the morphology of the plastered drift with steep slopes in the lower part and a potential weak layer composed of zeolitic muddy sediment. The main triggering factor seems to be undercutting by bottom currents
Laborde-Casadaban, Marine. "Déformations et processus tectono-sédimentaires dans les sédiments marins semi-indurés : cas des bassins Permo-Triasique d'Europe du Nord (UK) et du bassin intra-montagneux de Tabernas (Espagne)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066563/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim is to study the sedimentary structures of deformation produced by liquefaction in subsurface of marine sediments (soft sediment deformations) during seismic events. A characterization of different levels of seismites is carried out in order to (1) establish links between the formation of SSDs and the regional tectonics with the time of destabilization using structural directions of deformation; (2) to discuss the impact of lithology on the shape and location of deformation structures in the sedimentary pile. The characterization of SSDs is realized from: (1) field observations and (2) statistical measurements of the direction of structures on objects of variable dimensions. The first studied case concerns the characterization of the SSDs that affect the Penarth group (Triassic-Jurassic boundary) deposits in the British Isles at the beginning of the break-up phase of the Pangea. The second example present the characterization of upstream areas of four major mass transport deposits, located in the intramontane basin of Tabernas, in the Betic Cordilleras (Spain). Sediment lithology and induration rates with depth, have a strong impact on the type of observed deformation structures. The parameters that encourage the triggering of the gravity destabilization above a liquefied level are (1) a low sedimentary induration rate which does not limit the liquefaction process (2) a high liquefaction duration which requires a high magnitude of the seismic event (3) the absence of faults which cross the liquefied level and can anchor the deformation in the underlying bed by forming relief
Grall, Céline. "La Faille Nord Anatolienne dans sa portion immergée en mer de Marmara : évolution du réseau de failles et migration de fluides." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4371.
Повний текст джерелаThis study addresses the issue on the deformation and the fluid migration, associated to the North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (Turkey).First, we aim to constrain the evolution of the fault network and the slip rate through time, by two independent approaches: - historical thermal modeling of a basin of the Sea of Marmara; - definition of a Mass Transport Deposit as a fault lateral slip marker, and dated by stratigraphic interpretation. We show that: - (1) the present day fault system, formed by a main fault which accommodated the main part of the inter-plate deformation does not significantly evolved since 330.000 ± 100.000 years - (2) a progressive reorganization of the fault network occurred since the last 2.5-1.5 Ma.Secondly, we discuss the triggers of Mass Transport Processes. We show that: - (1) despite submarine mass movements are related to tectonic activity (mainly earthquakes and crustal stretching), their frequency and their size are also modulated by glacio-eustatic changes; -(2) remarkable Mass Transport Deposits display some cyclicity in stratigraphic sequences which are apparently correlated to transitions between salty marine and lacustrine environments. This cyclicity is perhaps explained by marine clay activity (swelling) under low brackish-fresh water conditions, which can trigger sediment destabilization.Third, we investigate the diversity of active fluid seepages contexts. We propose that the widespread occurrence of fluid expulsion sites can be explained by up-dip gas migration by buoyancy along permeable strata toward their edges, and along fractures within the basement toward both the edges of the basins and topographic highs
Monnier, Denis. "Étude des dépôts par plasma ALD de diélectriques à forte permittivité diélectrique (dits "High-k") pour les applications capacités MIM." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0036.
Повний текст джерелаThe continuous decreasing size of integrated circuits in the field of microelectronics is now applied to passive components such as MIM (Metal/Insulator/Metal) capacitors. To increase the capacitance density of MIM capacitors, new materials with high permittivity are required to replace silica (Si02, E = 3. 9). Zr02 permittivity is around 47 for the tetragonal phase. Zr02 is deposited by PEALD. We studied the Zr02 deposition method with TEMAZ and ZyALD precursors. Thermodynamic properties of TEMAZ have been analyzed by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry. PEALD process parameters and post-treatments influence on the tetragonal zirconia synthesis have been investigated. Various characterisation methods (XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, SIMS, XPS, electrical characterisation) were employed to establish an optimum between Zr02 films properties and deposition process performance
Duez, Benoit. "Caracterisation de dépôts multicouches TiCxNy et Al2O3 sur WC : analyse quantitative par SIMS." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL089N.
Повний текст джерелаQuantification in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry is a recurring problem since the creation of this analytical technique. The determination of elements concentration inside an industrial sample was the final goal of this project. So, we work on several ways to succeed: some of them are already known (oxygen bombardment and cationization), others are more original (EEF/OF). EEF/OF technique uses oxygen bombardment, secondary ions have an initial energy of 600eV and there is oxygen flooding on sample surface. For these three methods, quantitative power has been tested on calibration standards and on multiplayer based titanium and aluminum samples. Our study shows us that oxygen bombardment will never be a quantitative analytical technique in spite of an important detection sensibility. The two others techniques have quantitative power: for majors elements EEF/OF has an important quantitative power but this technique is unable to quantify oxygen and the limit of detection sensibility does not authorize the detection of some minors elements. EEF/OF could be used in addition to cationization method, which allows oxygen detection and which have a higher detection sensibility limit. On the other hand, the accuracy between calculated concentrations and real concentrations are better for EEF/OF method
Dréano, Julie. "Dynamique et morphologie de dépôts sédimentaires en chenal expérimental." Phd thesis, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462405.
Повний текст джерелаCHEN, SI. "Transport de chaleur et de masse dans l'atlantique tropical." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066440.
Повний текст джерелаTedgui, Alain. "Étude du transport de masse dans la paroi artérielle." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120018.
Повний текст джерелаTedgui, Alain. "Etude du transport de masse dans la paroi artérielle." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610255d.
Повний текст джерелаSerin, Jean-Paul. "Etude et modélisation des dépôts solides lors de la détente du gaz naturel." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3028.
Повний текст джерелаThe appearance of a solid deposit within the gas pressure regulation stations of the regional gas supplier total infrastructure Gaz France (TIGF) leads to an increase in maintenance and costs. The analyses of solid samples showed that the deposit is mainly constitued of crystallised sulphur. A protocol has been carried out to quantify the mass of deposited sulphur on the equipment. A data survey supplies by company's operators and a bibliographic study allowed us to determine that drop pressure and temperature are the most influent parameters. Then, two mechanisms of solid formation have been assumed: condensate formation and desublimation. The natural gas behaviour during the pressure drop has been modelled by a reactive flash model. It takes into account partial mass balances, energy balance, relationships which characterise the thermodynamic equilibrium and chemical reactions. The thermodynamic models and the necessary properties have been selected from current literature. The use of both experimental data and our model results seem to prove that the mechanism of desublimation is the right one
Bach, Thi Diep Phuong. "Ecoulement et transport de masse dans une jonction de canaux bidimensionnels." Rennes, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAR0044.
Повний текст джерелаThe networks of the flows can bi found in several fields, in particular in the hydraulic installations, the hydrographic systems, on the surface or in-depth of the grounds. Thus, the understand of the flows and the processes of transport of solute in the flow network is paramount to control the flows, the risks of the pollution by the dissolved substances or more generally the management of water in these systems. The interest of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms of transfer mass in the networks at various levels of coupling convection - diffusion. For this purpose, a theoretical and numerical study of the slow flow and mass transfer by convection - diffusion is carried out initially in a two - dimensional simple structure with is made up of the orthogonal junction of four channels with parallel walls of the same dimension. Then, a study of networks of several channels which cross themselves is carried out. The theoretical study of the Stokes flow in a junction of four channels enabled us to determine the function of current and calculate the structure of the flow according to the division of the discharges. The structures of flows in the possible configurations in two-dimensional condition are given. It is shown in particular that movements in the form of cells of recirculation are established in the channels of low flowrate. When a channel is closed, it appears that the cells of recirculation attached to the walls of the channel. The number and the structure of these cells also depend on the structure of the flow in the junction. This work is extended to the network of several channels laid out in square meshs containing two entries and two exits. Because of the interest in the flows in the parallel junction canals, we find that the flows in these channels are constant beside the first one. More generally, the flow in the successive junction canals obeys a geometric progression with common ratio 3. 9. Once the stream lines were built, the transport of a solute in the junction is analyzed for various levels of coupling convection - diffusion quantified by the Peclet number varying from 10 to 100,000. This transport is examined for one or two solute sources located in one or two entries. The field of concentration as well as the time of transport depends on the distribution of the discharges and Peclet number. We show in particular the influence of the recirculation on the mass transfer to a large Peclet number (>1000). Under this condition, contours of concentration follow the shape of the lines of recirculation. Besides these movements of recirculation delay the mass transfer more and more strongly when the Peclet number grows. A thorough analysis of the case of the presence of closed channel (cavity), in situation of pollution and depollution is led. The process of depollution is carried out either after the concentration in the cavity reached the maximum, or after the concentration in the center of the recirculation reached a rate of 0. 3. The comparison of the times of solute transfer shows that the speed of pollution is equal to that of the depollution of a cavity polluted until saturation. However, for a polluted cavity at a lower rate, the speed of depollution is lower than the speed of pollution
Fleurant, Cyril. "Modélisation stochastique du transport de masse en milieux poreux et fracturés." ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP0906.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Seigneur Pierre Jacques. "Caractérisations de dépôts de nickel sur TiO#2. Etude par EXAFS de surface, XPS et SIMS." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS031.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Gouic Thibaut. "Localisation de masse et espaces de Wasserstein." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2163/.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of this manuscript is based on two disctincts tools : the packing and the Wasserstein spaces. A first part focuses on the measure localization of a probability Mu. For a regular Mu, the level sets of its density are a good notion to localize where measure is dense, but loose its meaning for a finitely supported measure such as the empirical measure. We thus define a function Tau , called size function, on the closed sets, based on the packing of the sets. The sets of smallest Tau -size with a given probability 1 − alpha localize dense areas, even if Mu is not regular. We show that these smallest sets given Mu and alpha depend continuously on Mu and alpha, for the Hausdorff distance. We derive a new method to quantize Mu in a robust and stable way. A second part focuses on the Wasserstein distance between a probability measure and the associated empirical measure. We obtain a non asymptotic upper bound of the expectation of this distance, for any arbitrary underlying metric space. An application of the result to finite dimensional spaces shows the accuracy of the bound. We also obtain new bounds for the case of Gaussian measure on Banach spaces that coincide asymptotically with the best quantizers possible. Using concentration inequalities, we show deviation bounds. Finally, we use these results to define non asymptotic and non parametric statistical tests of goodness of fit to a family of probability measures. A third part focuses on the barycenter of a finite family of probability measures. The Fréchet mean is an extension to the notion of barycenter to metric spaces, and gives us a way to define barycenter on Wasserstein spaces. We show the existence of these barycenters and then study properties of continuity on the family of measures. We then discuss practical applications in agreagation of empirical measures and texture mixing
Guittet, Kévin. "Contributions à la résolution numérique de problèmes de transport optimal de masse." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066380.
Повний текст джерелаReboul, Nadège Cambou Bernard. "Transport de particules dans les milieux granulaires Application à l'érosion interne /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/nreboul.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTuaillon-Combes, Juliette. "Synthèses et propriétés de nanostructures magnétiques obtenues par dépôts d'agrégats de cobalt et de nickel." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10311.
Повний текст джерелаJomard, François. "La spectrométrie de masse d'ions secondaires : application à l'étude de l'interaction de H218O avec TiO2(100) et de dépôts métalliques supportés par des oxydes." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS039.
Повний текст джерелаIon, Maria Luminita. "Diagnostic par spectroscopie optique et spectrométrie de masse d'un plasma froid hors équilibre : application à l'élaboration des dépôts de C3N4 et Si3N4 par PEVCD." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3012.
Повний текст джерелаBeaudoin, Anthony. "Contribution numérique à l'étude du transport de masse dans les milieux poreux saturés." Le Havre, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LEHA0002.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the thesis is to solve transport problems by means of particles methods. Two problems are resolved with particles methods : the migration of a solute in the groundwater and the water flow in a porous medium at the pore scale. In order to solve the advection-dispersion equation in the general case of a non-isotropic dispersion, a numerical model based on the particles methods and the dispersion velocity method is presented. In order to simulate flows in porous media at low Reynolds numbers, a numerical model based on an anisotropic particles method and a boundary integral method is presented. The anisotropic particles method allows to improve the description of the boundary layer appearing around grains of the ground. The boundary integral method allows to satisfy the no-slip condition by writing a boundary integral equation on the wall of grains of the ground
Dijoux, Loïc. "Simulation numérique des phénomènes d'écoulement et de transport de masse en milieu poreux." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0033.
Повний текст джерелаFlow and mass transport through porous media are an important part of underground water studies. Pollution spreading or salt water intrusion in coastal groundwater tables are well known applications. This thesis manuscript is dedicated to the study of this physical phenomena through numerical modelling. Different finite element methods are presented and discussed. We focus on the mathematical representation of strongheterogeneous and anisotropic porous media. We introduce two new numerical methods named H-RTm and H-RTp methods. They take advantage of the hybridization technique applied to mixed finite element methods and discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods. The benefits reached in the numerical representation of flow and mass transfer in porous media are illustrated through numerical examples currently used in literature
Galdi, Alice. "Propriétés magnétiques, orbitales et de transport d’hétérostructures basées sur LaMnO3." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2015.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of the thesis deals with the magnetic, orbital and transport properties of (LaMnO3)2N(SrMnO3)N digital superlattices and of LaxMnO3-d thin films, both deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique on SrTiO3 substrates. The (LaMnO3)2N(SrMnO3)N digital superlattices represent the new kind of heterostructure, actually under intensive study, composed by an integer number of unit cells, where electronic reconstruction effects at the (clean) interface are expected. Both systems where studied by traditional techniques (transport measurements, SQUID magnetometer) and soft X-ray absorption and emission techniques by synchrotron radiation. Collecting the data from different measurement techniques, precious information about ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism and orbital ordering is obtained. In the second part of the thesis work, optical lithography techniques and different deposition techniques are employed in order to perform transport measurement in current perpendicular to plane (CPP) configuration and field effect measurements. The CPP technique would allow to gain more information respect to the in-plane measurements as the ones used in the first part of the thesis. The possibility of application of such technique also to multiferroic multilayers is also investigated. Field effect has been widely investigated in manganite (especially LMO-based) systems, as it represents a method to tune the carrier density, and in order to engineer all oxide field effect devices. The results of the optimization of such techniques, together with the optimization of the materials needed as base electrode, side and gate insulators and top electrode is reported
Hannaoui, Rachid. "Simulation par Dynamique Moléculaire des Propriétés de Transport (Masse et Chaleur) de Fluides Confinés." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to study how a fluid confined in a low permeability porous medium (micro- and meso-porous) behaves concerning its properties of mass diffusion, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion. For this purpose, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on simple binary mixtures placed in various thermodynamic conditions, confined in a porous medium of lamellar geometry of different types (structure-less or atomistic, more or less adsorbent) in __//_ and grand canonical ensembles. The results show that the effects of porous medium on transport properties are more pronounced when the pore size is small, the adsorption is strong and the temperature is low. The results allowed to evaluate these effects quantitatively. In addition, it has been found that the wall roughness has a major impact on the mass diffusion coefficient and a non negligible one on the thermal diffusion coefficient
TABTI, NOUREDDINE. "Transport de masse non-stationnaire vers une surface rugueuse, en concentration ou ecoulement module." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077350.
Повний текст джерелаNahra, Maguy. "Dépôts électrochimiques de tantale à partir d'une électrolyte liquide ionique : étude physico-chimique de l'électrolyte et analyse des étapes du dépôt." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI073/document.
Повний текст джерелаTantalum is a metal of strategic uses such as in the field ofelectronics and biomedical implants. These fields require thedeposition of thin metallic tantalum films on different substrates.The aim of this thesis is to perform tantalum electrodepositionfrom tantalum salt at room temperature using room temperatureionic liquids as electrolytes. Tantalum electrodeposition isimpossible in aqueous solutions; therefore ionic liquids are thebest choice for this application because of their largeelectrochemical window. Room temperature ionic liquidsaccomplish both the roles of a solvent and an electrolyte. Theirperspectives are encouraging for the electrodeposition ofrefractory metals as tantalum. We have established in this thesisnew knowledge about the physicochemical and transportproperties of the electrolyte formed by tantalum salt TaF5 andthe room temperature ionic liquid [BMPyr][TFSI]. These studiescorrelated with electrochemical analysis, morphology andelemental composition analysis of the layers deposited served usin the understanding of the reduction mechanism of tantalumsalt into its metallic form. An amorphous metallic form oftantalum exists in deeper layers of the deposit in addition toresidues of the ionic liquid trapped in the pores of the layers
Amiroudine, Sakir, and Jalil Ouazzani. "Modelisation numerique des phenomenes de transport de chaleur et de masse dans les fluides supercritiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22087.
Повний текст джерелаLagnoux, Olivier. "Projection de poudres métalliques par plasma d'arc soufflé à l'air libre : étude de l'entraînement de l'air et de son influence sur l'oxydation des poudres en vol et des dépôts." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0031.
Повний текст джерелаIlina, Tatiana Panfilov Mikhail. "Modèles pseudo-diphasiques de transport facilité des colloïdes en milieux faiblement perméables." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_ILINA_T.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOukfif, Samira. "Modélisation numérique du transport de masse et de la filtration dans les milieux poreux saturés." Le Havre, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEHA0007.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims is devoted to the development of numerical model in order to simulate the mass transport in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. So to guarantee security, a reliable numerical model will be used at long term to predict the progression of pollution in a ground. The model is based on the convection-dispersion equation coupled with a deposition release kinetic. The transport equation in 1D and 2D is resolved by means of a Lagrangian method, called particle method which uses a dispersion velocity technique. The boundary conditions are interpreted with a technique of a ghost particle. Due to the retention and detachment of the particle, the Kozeny-Carman relation is employed to evaluate the porosity variation in the porous media. The sensitivity study of the model is performed by considering a various configurations when analytical solutions are provided and shows a sufficient precision for adequate numerical parameters. The numerical model validation is obtained by fitting the tracer laboratory column under the constant flow or constant flow head conditions. Under the constant flow head, a coupling between the transport equation and flow equation (Darcy’s low) are performed by resolving flow equation using a numerical model of the finite differences on a fixed grid. The coupling between the flow problem and the transport problem is realized with using a non iterative sequential scheme. The exchanges between the grid and the particles are ensured by means of interpolation function. A good fitting is obtained from the numerical results and experiment data measured in the term of breakthrough curves, in particular when the deposition and release kinetic were considered. The constant flow head shows an important reduction of the porosity profiles at the entry of the laboratory column. Then, the numerical model is used to simulate the erosion (suffusion) of a ground by considering only release, and the fitting of the laboratory column showed a good agreement. An interesting alternative to particle tracking random walk random is studied in order to simulate the transport of sorbing solutes in homogeneous and heterogeneous infinite media. The deposition release kinetic is replaced by a nonlinear Freundlich sorption is considered. A stochastic approach which consists in generating many simulations for which flow and transport problems are resolved. The final results are obtained by means of an average on all numerical simulations performed called Monte Carlo approach. The results obtained are in agreement with those presented in the literature. In order to simulate transport, deposition and release in a finite porous media, the numerical model presented in this study allowed the implementation of the particle method. Nevertheless, the model studied of the deposition and release kinetic can be improved in order to take account the coupling between the two processes and in particular the threshold of detachment of the particles
Lemmer, Celia. "Etude spatio-temporelle du transport de masse au voisinage d'électrodes intégrées dans un canal microfluidique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077228.
Повний текст джерелаIntegration of microband electrodes in a microfluidic channel can be carried out in order to detect electrochemically, in situ and in real time, some electroactive species, On one hand, the aim of this work is to study, the influence of the mass transport, under laminar flow, of electroactive species on chronoamperometric responses of microelectrodes. On the other hand, this study deals with the perturbations of concentration generated downstream within the microchannel. Therefore, a theoretical approach has been performed by numerical simulations in order to solve the transport equation for different hydrodynamic and geometrical conditions. The analysis of the currents has led to specify the conditions which define the transient state and the steady state for one single electrode. The propagation of the concentration front has also been carried out. We have shown that a second electrode, used as a concentration probe, could detect this front. The validity of these datas has been tested by performing experimental measurements using microdevices integrating one or two working electrodes. All these results have led to determine some optimal conditions for analytical applications combining microfluidic and electrochemistry
Migliore, Thomas. "Estimation des paramètres de transport dans un milieu hydro-géologique et analyse d'incertitudes." Nice, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442635v3.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we are interested in estimating solute transport parameters in a porous medium with a low permeability, from a theorical and applied point of view in connection with the storage of long- lived nuclear waste in deep geological layer. In recent years, the problem of nuclear waste management has become a major concern of society. The mathematical models used for storing waste in deep level are based on the flow and transport equations in porous media? These models require the knowledge of the physical parameters of the different geological layers. Since those parameters (porosity and diffusion) are not directly accessible by measurements, we studied firstly the aspect of parameters identification and fixed areas. To solve this inverse problem, we used deterministic (or variational) methods based on the minimization of a quadratic criterion (or cost function) with the objective of finding all the parameters that minimize the criterion. We have broken down the media in homogeneous areas in which the coefficients have been identified (zonation technique), for this, we differentiated the convection-diffusion code traces with the automatic differentiation software Tapenade to get the adjoint code of traces. In a second step, we used this work to solve the zones identification problem, starting form a modified geological configuration, we searched for the actual geological configuration by identifying the parameters whose supports are these zones. Then, by grouping the identified coefficients by isovalues, we obtained the desired configuration
Muller, Martine. "Contribution à l'étude de dépôts en phase vapeur de semiconducteurs IV-VI par "hot wall epitaxy" : modèle thermodynamique du transport gazeux." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20114.
Повний текст джерелаRhandour, Ali. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés de transport de fluorures et oxyfluorures de structures fluorine ou tysonite." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10604.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Than Son. "Influence de la nature du liant et de la température sur le transport des chlorures dans les matériaux cimentaires." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0025.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to document the effect of the temperature on the chloride diffusion through cement-based materials. The chloride diffusion coefficient, the penetration profiles and the chloride interactions with the solid phase were highlighted. The materials were CEM I and CEM V/A mortars and pastes. They were cured in wet room (21 ± 2 °C, 90% relative humidity) for 1 month in the case of CEM I and 3 months in the case of CEM V before the experiments started. The temperature levels were 5, 21, 35 and 80 ºC. In addition, microstructure analyses were carried on using X-rays diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The experimental results were then used to continue to develop the numerical code, MsDiff, developed in our research group. A good agreement between the numerical concentration profiles and the experimental ones was found
Reboul, Nadège. "Transport de particules dans les milieux granulairesApplication à l'érosion interne." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0024.
Повний текст джерелаInternal erosion is the phenomenon by which soil particles are entrained and washed out from an hydraulic earth structure by water seeping flows. It is one of the most widespread causes of failure of levees and embankment dams. So to guarantee security, it is crucial to locate and quantify mass transfers within granular materials. Filter criteria are employed to assess transfer properties of a granular medium. They rely on the soil grading curve which is a local characteristics of the solid material. In a same way, it has been proposed to carry out a microscopic analysis of void space where transported particles flow. Void networks in sphere packings are charaterized morphologically and topologically thanks to a Delaunay tessellation. Specific behaviours resulting from relative density changes have been studied. Several measures of pores and constrictions, smallest paths between pores, are defined, which enables us to plan to correlate void space organization and possibilities for particles to migrate within this space. This correlation assumes that particles are captured by a size exclusion mechanism : a transported particle is blocked if it encounters a constriction smaller than it. A purely geometrical model has been proposed to estimate the travel length that a particle with a given size can cover within a granular medium. Because this model was unable to take into account structural changes of the material at macroscopic scale, a new approach has been developped. It is in line with the theory of continuous media but a local void characteristics, the constriction size distribution, has been added. This improvement has been made possible because an analytical formula has been proposed to calculate the constriction size distribution from the particle size distribution. This analytical formula results from discrete numerical analyses
Wu, Xiao. "Fabrication of 1D, 2D and 3D polymer-based periodic structures by mass transport effect." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0058/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe have theoretically and experimentally investigated the formation of both active and passive surface relief gratings on two kinds of photosensitive polymers: negative photoresist and azobenzene copolymer. The common mechanism of the structures formation was attributed to mass transport effect, which however pushes the materials in opposite directions in these two materials. The fabrication technique is based on the use of interference lithography, which allowed to create large and uniform structures. In the first case, 1D and 2D passive periodic surface relief structures were created on the negative photoresist SU8 thanks to the shrinkage effect during the crosslinking process. In the second case, 1D, 2D and 3D active periodic structures have been obtained thanks to the movement of DR1/PMMA copolymer materials from regions of high intensity to those of low intensity irradiation. The modulation amplitude of structures is optimized by controlling the film thickness, the structure periodicity, the exposure dosage, and the polarizations of interference laser beams. Applications of these structures for multiple wavelength DFB laser, nonlinear photonic crystals, and waveguide coupling have been discussed
Knobloch, Keith. "Mesure in situ de l'effet du transport par migration et par convection sur les profils de concentration au voisinage d'une électrode." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077105.
Повний текст джерелаMialle, Sébastien. "Développements analytiques en spectrométrie de masse à thermo-ionisation pour l'analyse isotopique de faibles quantités." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1507/.
Повний текст джерелаIn the framework of the French transmutation project of nuclear wastes, experiments consisted in the irradiation in a fast neutron reactor of few milligrams of isotopically enriched powders. Hence, the isotopic analysis of very small amount of irradiation products is one of the main issues. The aim of this study was to achieve analytical developments in thermal ionization mass spectrometry in order to accurately analyze these samples. Several axes were studied including the new total evaporation method, deposition techniques, electron multiplier potentialities and comparison between different isotope measurement techniques. Results showed that it was possible to drastically decrease the amounts needed for analysis, especially with Eu and Nd, while maintaining an uncertainty level in agreement with the project requirements
Le, Bouteiller Pauline. "Identification and characterization of Mass Transport Deposits from seismic data. Application to the Amazon River Mouth basin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS481.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding the processes leading to the formation of a Mass Transport Deposit (MTD) allows a better knowledge of the potential resources and geohazards associated to a sedimentary basin. Seismic data interpretation is used to study MTDs. Two methodologies are developed in this PhD thesis, in order to infer the physical processes that may have impacted the current aspect of an MTD in a seismic image. The “identification” methodology allows to locate the position and extent of MTDs in seismic images, while preserving their internal seismic facies variability. This methodology is based on textured image segmentation, jointly with a weakly-supervised learning of probabilities of MTD occurrence on seismic images. The “interpretation” methodology provides hypotheses to explain the various characters of an MTD, in terms of physical processes. These hypotheses are retrieved through a knowledge base built from the literature and used as an inference engine, thus highlighting the interpretation process. Both methodologies are successfully applied to a seismic dataset acquired in the Amazon basin (Brazil). They enhance the joint use of data-, knowledge- and model-driven approaches
Abadie, Thomas. "Détection électrochimique de gradients de concentration ou de gouttes générés à l'intérieur d'un canal microfluidique : approche théorique et expérimentale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066643/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectrochemistry enables the implementation of relevant and appropriate detection techniques to the miniaturization constraints imposed by the design of labs-on-a-chip. The aim of this thesis was to study the detection of electroactive species flowing within microfluidic channels under the form of concentration gradients or microdroplets. Therefore, two approaches were undertaken by means of microband electrodes integrated within microchannels. The first one was to study the opportunity to control the electrochemical generation and detection of concentration gradients in continuous flow. The amperometric responses were analyzed as a function of the characteristics of concentration gradients after the generation and propagation processes. Two boundary behaviours were evidenced by numerical simulations and validated experimentally. The second approach was to implement the electrochemical detection of droplet content in segmented flow. The challenge was both to demonstrate the feasibility of the experiments and to introduce relationships between currents and concentration or amount of species inside droplets. In this context, an innovative microdevice was designed and tested experimentally allowing the total electrolysis of the droplets
Gasparin, Florent. "Caractéristiques des Masses d'Eau, Transport de masse et Variabilité de la circulation océanique en mer de Corail." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840821.
Повний текст джерелаDa, Mota Nicolas. "Détection électrochimique intégrée dans un canal microfluidique : transport de masse et couplage entre microélectrodes à l'état stationnaire." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066132.
Повний текст джерелаAaboubi, Omar. "Etude de l'influence du champ magnetique sur les phenomenes de transport de masse en electrochimie : impedance magnetohydrodynamique." Reims, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIM5012.
Повний текст джерелаMedjdoub-El, Amraoui Mokhtaria. "Dépôts de nitrure de silicium assistés par plasma à couplage inductif ICP-PECVD : application à la passivation du transistor à haute mobilité électronique GaInAs/InP." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077100.
Повний текст джерелаParisot, Thomas. "Dépendances paramétriques expérimentales du transport des impuretés métalliques dans le tokamak Tore Supra." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11073.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDuring this PhD work, a full setup of tools for an experimental investigation of impurity transport has been developed on the Tore Supra tokamak. It includes a laser blow-off system for metallic impurity injections and developments for ITC, an interpretative transport code which allows to extract the experimental impurity transport coefficients (diffusion and convection velocity). This tool has been used to perform and analyse several experiments, to evidence parametric dependences of impurity transport. In a first experiment, a confinement time law for nickel in Tore Supra has been obtained as a function of collisionality ν∗ and normalized Larmor radius ρ∗. Then the impurity charge Z role has been investigated in various conditions : ohmic regime with or without sawteeth, and sawtoothless L-mode with LH power. No Z effect is observed, consistently with theoretical predictions, whether neoclassical (NCLASS) or for turbulent transport with both non linear gyrofluid (TRB) and quasilinear gurokinetic (QuaLiKiz) simulations. An exception is found for LH heated plasmas where the confinement time seems to decrease for the heaviest impurities. This is not explained by any model available. The observed transport is close to neoclassical between sawtooth relaxations, in the centre (r < rq=1) of ohmic plasmas, turbulent outside. Without sawteeth, it is turbulent in the whole plasma, for ohmic or L mode discharges. The profile shape of the diffusion coefficient is here qualitatively different, with a stronger and deeper transition between the low diffusion central region and a more turbulent peripheral region for LH heated plasmas
Gallouët, Thomas. "Transport optimal : régularité et applications." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793191.
Повний текст джерелаYounes, Anis. "Modélisation de l'écoulement et du transport de masse en milieu poreux avec les éléments finis mixtes et discontinus : prise en compte du contraste de masse volumique et de viscosité." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13206.
Повний текст джерелаBravin, Frédérique. "ÉTUDE DU MÉTABOLISME ET DU TRANSPORT DE COMPOSÉS EXOGÈNES GRÂCE À L'ENRICHISSEMENT ISOTOPIQUE UNIFORME AU 13C." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352986.
Повний текст джерелаCasamatta, Gilbert Angelino Henri. "Comportement de la population des gouttes dans une colonne d'extraction transport, rupture, coalescence, transfert de matière /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000197.
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