Дисертації з теми "Dépôt de lithium"
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Astié, Vincent. "Mise en place d'un procédé industriel de dépôt épitaxié de niobates alcalins." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD008.
Повний текст джерелаThe industrial development of the next generations of telecommunications will have to go through the adoption of new piezoelectric materials in the form of thin films. In that regard, the direct liquid injection metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (DLI-MOCVD) of thin films of lithium niobate (LiNbO3), a ferroelectric material presenting exceptional properties in the field of acoustics and optics was studied in this work. Fine control of both the microstructure and the composition of these layers is a critical parameter in obtaining functional thin films, especially for radiofrequency filter applications. For this reason, in this work, we first focused on the deposition of epitaxial thin films of controlled composition at high temperature for the realization of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Then, in a second phase, on the deposition of highly oriented thin films on silicon-based heterostructures at a lower temperature for the realization of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) components. The optimization process presented in this manuscript demonstrates the impact of several deposition parameters: total pressure, injection flow rate, precursor molar ratio, on the thin films, and more particularly on its lithium composition, decisive parameter in the definition of material properties. The relative arrangement of the lattice of the film with that of the substrates are presented as well, for all epitaxial growth orientations. Finally, surface acoustic wave and bulk acoustic wave devices based on lithium niobate thin films deposited by DLI-MOCVD were fabricated and characterized
Mergo, Mbeya Karrick. "Contribution à la modélisation de batteries lithium ion : optimisation des charges rapides par rapport à la réaction de dépôt de lithium métal." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2595.
Повний текст джерелаLithium deposition reaction is a local and undesirable phenomenon within Li-ion batteries. It is widely describe in the literature as one of the major limiting phenomena of rapid Li-ion cell loading. The control ofthis reactio in real time therefore seems to be a key factor for an optmal fast charging. This is classically studied by ve complex physical models and using experimental techniques requiring invasive tests on battery. As part of th study ofthis thesis, a methodology has been established, including a simplified modelling as well as non-invasiv experimental characterizations of Li-ion, to estimate all charging currents close to the limit of the lithiu deposition reaction. Experimental studies have been conducted on a graphite/LFP cell to validate these current and this resulted in a charging protocol where the current evolves With the load state and temperature of the cel It has been observed that these currents allow the cell to be charged ultra quickly without triggering the lithiu metal deposition reaction. For a charge at 0°, the cell has been recharged in 11 minutes between 10% and 87% of the state of charge. It has been validated that the estimated currents are close to, less than 10%, the « real » lim for triggering the lithium deposition reaction. Finally, by comparing cycling With these estimated limit curren and the charge at IC, no additional aging has been observed after more than 100 cycles at 0°
Jones, Jennifer. "Etude des interfaces électrodes/électrolyte et des phénomènes de solubilité dans l'accumulateur lithium-ion." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ageing process of lithium-ion batteries is a key issue for their use in space applications. The passivation layers deposited on the electrode surface are composed of various salts and of polymers, and hence, have a great impact on battery performances or on cycle life. The understanding of dissolution and precipitation phenomena of species deposited at the electrode surface is therefore essential to enlighten the ageing process in batteries. At first, solubilization and transport properties of organic or mineral lithium salts in the electrolyte were determined. Using solubility data, investigations were then carried out to study the effect of these compounds on cycling properties. It has been shown that if some lithium salts have a critical impact on the battery efficiency, others do not have any detrimental effect on battery capacity or faradic yield. As a conclusion, the dissolution with time of compounds belonging to the solid electrolyte interphase is an important parameter to take into account when studying battery ageing
Létiche, Manon. "Élaboration de matériaux pour microbatterie 3D Li-ion par dépôt de couches atomiques (ALD) et caractérisations structurales operando." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10183/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to address the demand on energetic needs to sustain nomad and miniaturized electronic devices, micro-devices performance for energy storage such as Li-ion microbatteries (MB) have to be improved. An attractive way to meet the required performance consists in using 3D topology increasing the specific surface while keeping the initial surface footprint (in the mm2 range) which is significantly enhancing the delivered energy density of the MB. The development of thin film technologies such as ALD enabling conformal deposition makes it possible. In the framework of this thesis, a solid electrolyte (Li3PO4) has been developed and optimized by ALD, on a 3D micro-architectured silicon substrate obtained by microfabrication techniques. A positive electrode (LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4) has also been developed and optimized as a function of the deposition parameter by RF sputtering deposition on a Si/Al2O3/Pt substrate. A volumetric capacity of 63 µAh.cm-2.µm-1 has been measured for a film of 420 nm thick obtained at 0.01 mbar and then annealed at 700°C under air atmosphere. Finally, a prototype has been proposed to realize an electrochemical cell for the purpose of in situ/operando follow-up by XRD of a thin film electrode deposited on silicon substrate
Freixas, Jérémy. "Microbatteries 3D zinc-air ou comment repousser les limites des technologies lithium-ion." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe studies presented in the frame of this thesis are focused on zinc-air battery miniaturization, an electrochemical energy storage system that shows a higher volumetric and gravimetric energy density than the lithium-ion technology, mostly investigated in literature. The micromachining of a silicon substrate allows designing a high specific surface scaffold: 3D geometrical gain enhances the properties of charge storage for the electrodes of the microbattery. 3D microstructures exhibiting various geometrical designs have been studied: for instance, silicon micro-tubes (4,2μm outer diameter) 109 μm-depth (60:1 aspect ratio) provide a specific surface to the footprint ratio close to 70. Then, this scaffold is coated by the active materials using conformal depositions methods. This process leads to a 3D zinc metallic anode (300nm-thick) exhibiting a surface capacity of 1mAh.cm-2 in aqueous electrolyte (potassium hydroxide 0,7M). Cell voltage is 1,2V. For the first time in literature, a miniaturized air electrode has been manufactured, based on a porous microchannel network on the front side of silicon substrate, and the etching of a cavity on the back side. Once silicon wafer is micromachined, a platinum conformal thin film provides the conductive properties to the electrode while a manganese dioxide layer enhances the catalytic activity. This original concept of 3D air electrode presents a behavior similarly to a commercial one, but with a significant reduced size
Mantoux, Arnaud. "Synthèse par dépôt de couches atomiques et caractérisations de couches minces d'oxyde de vanadium applications aux accumulateurs au lithium." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066206.
Повний текст джерелаBazin, Laurent. "Anodes nanostructurées pour microbatteries 3D Li-ion." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/815/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to elaborate and characterise nano-architectured anodes for Li-ion 3D microbatteries. These electrodes are based on a nanostructured current collector, consisting in vertically-aligned arrays of copper nanopillars (Ø200nm, L=2µm). The goal of this work is to highlight the merits of a 3D electrode prepared by coating this substrate using different techniques and active materials. Tin metal has been deposited by ELD and formed a conformal layer onto the Cu current collectors. The obtained electrode showed a capacity of 0,02 mAh. Cm-2 during more than 500 cycles and a retention capacity of 75 % between 0,05 and 6C. Cu6Sn5 alloy, formed at the Cu/Sn interface was identified as responsible of this good cycling behaviour. Then, we attempted to realise a conformal coating using the electrophoretic deposition technique. In a first step, the feasibility of this deposition was proved using silica nanoparticules. These experiments enlighted the importance of the quality of the dispersion during EPD onto a nanostructured substrate. After this, an EPD depositin of SnO2 nanoparticle has been realised. Electrochemical charactyerisations of the obtained SnO2 anodes show similar behavior as Sn anodes. This confirms the interest of EPD techniques for elaboration nanostructured electrodes
Porthault, Hélène. "Étude de nouvelles voies de dépôt du matériau d'électrode positive LiCoO2 pour la réalisation de micro-accumulateurs 3D à haute capacité surfacique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112185/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe miniaturization of electronic systems is today a main topic of research and requires an important evolution of energy sources. All solid state micro-batteries are a perfectly adapted solution for this need. However, their specific capacity is limited to 50-200 µAh.cm-2 due to the difficulty to use films of active materials thickness over than 5 µm. One of the answers to enhance micro-batteries specific capacity is to deposit materials on textured substrate. Nevertheless, classical vacuum deposition techniques are not adapted to deposit conformal thin films on such surfaces because of shadow effects. The aim of this PhD-work was to develop new synthesis routes to realize 3D all solid state micro-batteries. Two chemical synthesis routes were studied: the sol-gel method and the electrodeposition under hydrothermal conditions. The sol-gel synthesis was not efficient to realize conformal and dense films. However, this technique was very effective to obtain rhombohedra LiCoO2 powders with high specific surface, without grinding step, at moderate temperature (600-700°C). The electrodeposition under hydrothermal conditions was very promising, both for its high deposition rate (up to 300 nm.mn-1) and its low synthesis temperature (from 125°C) without any annealing. The synthesized films exhibited excellent electrochemical performances in liquid electrolyte and a conformity higher than 97 % on textured substrates
Alias, Mélanie. "Composés à base de silicium ultra-divisé pour électrodes négatives d'accumulateur lithium ion." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2100.
Повний текст джерелаCurrently, Silicon appears as the most attractive anode material due to its large theoretical capacity of 3580mAh/g, but presents also a volume expansion until +280% during lithium insertion. This undergoes the pulverisation of particles. The purpose of this work is to evaluate mechanic strains depending Li/Si ratio during cycles by acoustic emission. Passivation and insertion phenomena are studied for different size of particles. A second work consists to create a Si/C composite in order to attenuate electrode degradation. Several solutions are investigated : silicon-coated carbon, silicon in a carbon matrix and grafting between silicon and carbon. Chemical vapour deposition is using silane as the precursor gas. The spray drying produces Si/carbon matrix. Grafting allows to create a covalent bond between silicon and carbon. For each compound, electrochemical performances are investigated
Thangavel, Vigneshwaran. "Mathematical models for understanding lithium sulfur batteries phenomena." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0017.
Повний текст джерелаLi-S batteries have attracted a lot of attention in the past decade due to their very high theoretical energy density of 2567 Wh.kg-1. Although several developments have been made to improve the performance of Li-S batteries, the assessment of some of their phenomena and limitations still remain challenging. In my PhD work, we have developed multiple mathematical models, which assist with assessment and optimization of some the Li-S batteries phenomena. We developed a novel 3D kinetic Monte-Carlo (kMC) model, which simulates the discharge of carbon/sulfur (C/S) composites at the mesoscopic level. Our kMC model also provides insights into the impacts of the discharge rate and sulfur loading on the mesoscale properties of the Li2S(s) deposits over the carbon surface. We also developed a multi-scale continuum model to investigate the impacts of the C/S cathode design parameters on the discharge of Li-S batteries. In order to determine the reaction mechanism of the solvated polysulfides in our experimental electrolyte (1 M LiTFSI in TEGDME:DOL (v/v=1:1)), we carried out cyclic voltammetry measurements of different electrolyte solutions containing solvated sulfur and polysulfides. A mathematical model was used to interpret the reactions behind the characteristics of experimental cyclic voltammograms. Furthermore, we also developed a nucleation and growth model to understand the phenomena behind the Li2S(s) electrodeposition in a simplified Li-S cell. Finally, we carried out some galvanostatic experiments using Li-S coin cells to validate our discharge model
Hallot, Maxime. "Micro-batteries tout solide en technologie Li-ion sur substrats Silicium planaires et tridimensionnels pour objets connectés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I115.
Повний текст джерелаMiniaturized sensors for Internet of Things (IoT) application is in expansion since the last 10 years. All solid-state lithium-ion battery is a promising candidate. Nevertheless, in spite of high technological readiness level, planar micro-batteries suffer from a lack of energy density meaning that it is necessary to develop new architectures to fullfill the performances requirements. 3D structures is needed for such application and this work is focused on the synthesis of positives electrodes with high storage capacity and high operating voltage by Atomic layer deposition (ALD). In the frame of this work,we will rely structurals and electrochemicals properties by differents characterisations techniques for batteries materials
Porthault, Helene. "Étude de nouvelles voies de dépôt du matériau d'électrode positive LiCoO2 pour la réalisation de micro-accumulateurs 3D à haute capacité surfacique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658071.
Повний текст джерелаDenoyelle, Elise. "Développement d’une microbatterie Li-ion 3D & Étude d’une anode de silicium amorphe déposée par LPCVD sur substrat 3D." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2005.
Повний текст джерелаSince the first Integrated Circuits, the Semiconductors industry has innovated in the field of miniaturization at the device level. For several years, NXP company has designed sb-SiP systems (silicon-based System in Package) which allow the insertion of passive components into passive devices on which an active device is mounted. The concept depends upon the PICS technology (Passive Integration Connective Substrate) which allows the integration of capacitors of high values. Considering the achievement of this process, NXP wishes to develop new products as 3D Li-ion microbatteries. At first, we developed a partnership approach in order to acquire competences in lithium-ion technology. The different contacts allow us to define more precisely the technological components needed in order to create a 3D-microbattery on silicon substrate. In a second part, we adress the study of an amorphous silicon thin film anode deposited by LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition). The objective of the study is to measure the electrochemical performances of the amorphous silicon anode on 2D and 3D silicon substrate
Loumpet, Germain. "Eléments de synthèse pour un cadre paléoclimatologique et paléoécologique quaternaire au Cameroun : première approche d'une industrie lithique ancienne dans les dépôts alluviaux de Biti en Haute-Sangha (Est-Cameroun-Ouest R.C.A.)." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010641.
Повний текст джерелаPilipili, Matadi Bramy. "Etude des mécanismes de vieillissement des batteries Li-ion en cyclage à basse température et en stockage à haute température : compréhension des origines et modélisation du vieillissement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI118/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to deepen the understanding of the aging mechanisms of Li-ion batteries, post-mortem investigations were performed on C/NMC Li-ion commercial cells. These autopsies revealed unexpected degradations that question current knowledge about the aging mechanisms of these cells. Thus, it appears that the parasitic reaction of Li metal depositions on the graphite electrode, nowadays associated in the literature with charging at low temperature and / or high C-rates, would have various origins depending on the chemistry and conditions of use of the battery. In this thesis work, local Li deposits were observed on cells aged in calendar at high temperatures, due to the apparition of dry areas. Paradoxically, under low temperature cycling conditions, this Li resulted from anode porosity hindrance. Besides, a semi-empirical aging model, taking into account cycling losses as well as those caused by the SEI growth and the biphenyl polymerization, is proposed. Finally, a method of identifying degradation modes using incremental capacity measurements has been undertaken, based on the potential shifts of each of the electrodes
Storelli, Martineau Alexandre. "Étude de l’interface lithium métal/polymère pour l’optimisation des batteries lithium métal tout solide." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25051.
Повний текст джерелаThe increased use of electricity witnessed during the past few decades emphasizes the urgency of developing efficient and performing energy storing devices. Present on the market since the beginning of the 1990s, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have reached the theoretical limit inherent to their components. Research efforts currently aim at developing all-solid batteries composed of a negative lithium electrode. This type of electrode uses only lithium in its pure metallic state and it has the capacity to attain higher energy densities than those attributable to the lithium-ion batteries. Despite the potential of this promising technology, there is an obstacle that must be overcome in order to ensure its viability: the formation of dendrites and mossy lithium on the surface of the lithium metal negative electrode causes the batteries to short-circuit and reduces their life expectancy. Several solutions have been proposed in the literature in order to either eliminate or mitigate the issues of dendritic growth and mossy lithium. However, published studies do not specifically address the correlation between the state of the surface of the lithium metal and its electrochemical performance when used as the negative electrode (anode). This research project therefore focused on evaluating the impact of the state of the surface the lithium metal negative electrode on its electrochemical performance, such as its lifetime, polarization, and impedance. The lithium sheets and the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface were characterized in order to better understand the problematic processes related to the use of the lithium metal in batteries. In addition to studying the sheets in their native form, a protective gold deposit was applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on the lithium sheets to determine whether the deposit improved the electrochemical performance of the cells. The physical characterization was performed by using tunnelling atomic force microscopy (Peakforce-TUNA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each lithium x sheet used was then characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These chemical characterizations allowed to determine the surface and bulk chemical compositions of the lithium sheets. Finally, in order to understand the impact of the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface on the viability of complete cells, galvanostatic cycling, similar to true operating conditions of a battery, was performed. Cross-sections of these batteries were assessed post-mortem by SEM in order to analyze the impact of the cycling density on the internal state of the cells. It has been determined that the morphology of the lithium foils and the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface impacted the lifespan and the polarization of the studied cells. An electrochemical surface preparation method was therefore designed by cycling the lithium electrodes at a low current density (0.130 mA.cm-2), thus improving the life of the symmetrical cells composed of lithium metal electrodes.