Дисертації з теми "Dépendance à l'égard de la technologie"
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Toung, Nzue Jérôme. "Transferts de technologie et développement en Afrique : Stratégies d'acteurs et relations de pouvoir dans la coopération scientifique et technique Franco-Gabonaise." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUEL267.
Повний текст джерелаLengrand-Jacoulet, Sophie. "Dépendance technologique entre espaces inégalement développés : l'introduction du conteneur comme innovation majeure pour le transport maritime international." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24004.
Повний текст джерелаThe starting point of this study acknowledges that the third world, which is becoming more and more diversified, can no longer be presented as a bloc of countries assembled around one criterion, i. E. Their G. N. P. (Gross National Product). It is therefore necessary to find out other criteria that would offer the possibility to regroup national spaces and to explain the international hierarchy. Dependency, still the common factor between all the spaces, raised as a concept would not offer the means to put together a new typology of the world and in particular of the developing spaces. The study of dependency's various forms and degrees and types brings to light the fundamental role of technological dependency furthers the continuation of a process through which national economies are being organized into a hierarchy, thus creating an international division of labour (I. D. L. ) increasingly organised into a hierarchy. In studying the case of the container one understands the birth and the role of a major innovation in developed spaces. Above all, through the study of how the container was introduced into a country like morocco, one may grasp the importance of adopting without adapting a technology which is not produced by the space subjected to this technology. This increases not only its technological dependency but also its financial and commercial dependency. Thus is explained the perpetuation of the relations between dominating nations and dominated ones
Cohen, Caroline. "Facteurs pharmacologiques de la dépendance à l'égard du tabac." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112005.
Повний текст джерелаTo better understand the tobacco dependence mechanism, the influence of pharmaco-logical factors, and the relative effect of nicotine among smoke components, two kinds of experiments were done. I- In 94 smokers, physiological measurements before and after smoking a cigarette from their own brand has shown that : - biological concentrations of tobacco products are not related to cigarette yields; - alveolar carbon monoxide level is not related to the smoke pH (6. 45-7. 55). II- Behavioral and psychomotor indexes obtained while smoking cigarettes of different composition showed that : - smokers submitted to a pharmacological deficit when smoking a cigarette free from active components increased their smoke intake and cigarette combustion of their next cigarette. While smoking a cigarette free from active components but enriched with nicotine, subjects reduced their smoke intake and increased the smoke intake from their next normal cigarette; - subjects smoking a low nicotine cigarette regulated their smoking behavior by increasing smoke intake from the next cigarette only. While smoking a high nicotine cigarette they compensated immediatly. These results show that smokers are able to regulate the amount of nicotine intake by their smoking behavior but that others pharmacological factors seems to be looked for by smokers
Ekazama, Richard. "La liberté humaine et la dépendance à l'égard de Dieu chez Kant." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5011.
Повний текст джерелаOhlmann, Théophile. "Perception de la verticale : variabilité interindividuelle dans la dépendance à l'égard des référentiels spatiaux." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080302.
Повний текст джерелаThe necessarly continuous control of the upright gives rise to specific vicarious processes linked to spatial behaviours as a whole. As it is present both in ego-centered postural space and in allo-centered object space, the upright operates unification of the two spaces by a sort of "tuning". Compatibility of these two modes of spatial encoding is probably ensured by the gravitational invariant. The first part (reference frames) contains four chapters. The first reviews the main biological and methodological notions used in this field of research. The next three chapters focus on the three basic spatial reference frames (visual, gravitational and ego-centered). One of their fundamental characteristics is that one can be substituted for another (or others) each of them beeing both sufficient and not necessary. The four chapters of the second part (equipowerful vicarious processes) presents a differential approach to the selection and control of reference frames. There are, in fact, stable individual differences in implicit preference for a reference frame linked to a given sensory system equipowerful vicarious processes are analysed in the fifth chapter. Their direct implications(i) lack of general aptitude to perceive the upright, (ii) absence of correlations between visuopostural conflicts and other intermodal conflicts-are dealt with in the sixth and seventh chapters. Chapter eight discusses the postural origin of these vicarious processe involved in the perception of the upright
Rousseu, Christelle. "Stabilité de la dépendance-indépendance à l'égard du champ visuel et effet de la pratique sportive." Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0015.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the present work was to study the effects of several factors linked to sport practice, on the visual field dependency-independency (FDI), knowing that the FDI is classically considered as stable. To determine the subject's FDI, we used the Rod and Frame Test (RFT), and worked out new techniques to analysed RFT results, particularly by including different degrees of frame tilt. Firstly, a specific postural education (taekwondo training) seems affect subject FDI. Secondly, our results showed a height effect on FDI, and consequently a weight effect. Thirdly, a FDI perceptive asymmetry was shown. This asymmetry was not a stable characteristic for all subjects, and depended on their age and the degree of tilt of the visual environment. Fourthly, the stability of the FDI could be questioned, at short term, by physical fatigue. It seems clear that numerous factors influence the FDI. These factors must be formally defined and should be systematically controlled in later experiments
Merzouki, Mohammed. "Le Maroc dans les rapports Nord-Sud : dépendance et dialogue." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10046.
Повний текст джерелаAny country of the third world, recently liberated from the colonial domination, finds itself confronted to its underdevelopment and to its dependency on the developed countries. The mean of a possible struggle against these latters is a political action at two levels : at a national level by orientating the politico-economical decision towards the national development and at an international level in order to define again the international relations. Soon after its decolonization, morocco had to choose between two strategies : a strategy of a graduated severance with the established order by the protectorate and with the system of the world economy. Secondly, a strategy of adaptation led by a spirit of conciliation with this order and with this system. Being the first to be in confrontation with the reality, harmed by an unfavorable political balance of power, handicapped by its own contradictions and the political ambiguities of its authors, the strategy of severance has only worked for two years. At work since then, the strategy of adaptation has reproduced, if not aggravated, the dependency and the underdevelopment of morocco. With the emergence of the contesting vague of the north-south relations, its supporters have thought it is a good thing to join the movement which is in favour of the international economical new order without taking however an active part in it, or more precisely without surrounding its different authorities with the same attention, and above all, without taking the trouble of gathering the national conditions (internal reforms) and evaluating the international political chances (the developed countries opposition) to realize its objectives. In concrete terms, the result is that the movement has completely failed. .
Hamidi, Hamid. "Transfert de technologie et développement : application du concept de dépendance dans le cas algérien." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010286.
Повний текст джерелаConcerned with and historically determined (the Algerian praxis), the purpose of the thesis in to analyze the technological dependence, as well as an external constraint (lst part) and as an internal constraint (2end part), in order to seize the evolution of the state controlled accumulation, characterized by the difficulties of internal reproduction and the strong dependance towards the outside world. In others words, if the internal rupture with the economic system has failed (as well in its technical meaning as in its social dimension) it is precisely because the power in charge with algeria has always used the external technology as a means to influence the way of governing. The technological dependace has probably been instelled for the sake of efficiency. It is also in the puissance of economic efficiency that the "bourgeoisie" (upper and middle class) in power has contested the principle of the nationality of the investment (cf. The reforms of the legal regulation of the algerian economy, decided since 1988). It results a new problematic of the Algerian "developpementism" and follows many consequence on the law and its formation in the Algerian legal internal system
Rossi, Patricia. "Contribution psychosociale à l'étude de l'intégration des informations contextuelles dans le traitement des problèmes de la vie quotidienne." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20004.
Повний текст джерелаEverybody has activities in different (job and family-related) domains of life. This PHD aims at showing that, in order to deal with everyday life problems, they resort to contextual informations coming from their other domains of life. Students were asked to predict the success of subjects confronted with various problems. The results of two successive experiments have shown that integrating contextual informations depends, on the one hand on the initial cognitive structuring of the problem (i. E. Internal context) and, on the other hand, on the conflict between internal context and external context, which is connected with the characteristics of the situation (norm of internality, valence of the situation)
Chen, Fei. "Le style cognitif des enfants autistes de haut-niveau : dépendance ou indépendance à l'égard du champ ? : organisation perceptive et implications cliniques." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES3206.
Повний текст джерелаThe present study aimed to assess the visuospatial performance and to identify the cognitive style in 14 boys with high-functioning autism (or Asperger syndrome) and 14 chronological age (from 8 to 12 years old) and Raven’s score matched typical developed boys, using the CEFT and the Samuel Test (informatized cubes test). No significant difference has been found between performances of our two groups in both tests (although more control subjects succeeded in Samuel test). We compared between these two groups the ratio of errors for each figure of both conditions (“Triangle” and “House”) in CEFT which showed a similar ratio for most figures. Our clinical group adopted in Samuel test a range of strategies (analytic, synthetic, global) just like the control group and these two groups showed the same tendency of strategic changes (from analytic or synthetic dominant strategy to global dominant strategy) when the task turned more difficult. We observed also a tendency to use more frequently the synthetic strategy in our clinical group than in control group. All these results suggest that early findings of autistic visuospatial superiority need to be re-examined in the light of the cognitive style account. Gestalt effect and strategy mobilization were not “absent” in high-functioning autistic children but just dependent on their “cognitive style”. We couldn’t define a unique cognitive style for our clinical group in the present study because of the similarity between groups and the heterogeneity between individuals on both the performance and the cognitive strategy adoption
Voisine, Jimmy. "La dépendance moderne de l'homme envers la technique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29689/29689.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRufflé, Isabelle. "Du néocolonialisme au dragon celte : croissance et dépendance de l'économie irlandaise au 20e siècle." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20014.
Повний текст джерелаAs southern Ireland is striving to break the bond of dependency that ties her to the United Kingdom, it is gradually becoming an industrial region of the United Sates of America. Contrary to the expectations of the nationalists, the political sovereignty obtained in 1921 did not lead to economic independence and growth but to the continuation of a neocolonial relationship with the UK. This subordination is the consequence of the strengh of the age-old commercial, financial and fiscal links shaped between the two islands, of the existence of a pro-British élite hostile to the economic breakaway, of the conservatism of the population and of the absence of a strategy of development. Since 1960's and thanks to the liberalisation of world trade, Ireland has been able to implement, although belatedly, a very pragmatic policy of growth and employment based on the attraction of foreign direct investments, particularly those of American origin, and European integration. Yet, the three-way relationship set up between Ireland, the European Union and the USA is ill-balanced in so far as the role of American companies in the Irish economic growth is out of proportion compared to the size of the 26 Counties. Consequently, this makes the Irish economy more fragile and increases inequalities within Irish society
Atangana, Jean-Claude. "L'Université et la construction nationale au Cameroun : bilan et perspective." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100032.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of the country’s colonial legacy, Cameroonian’s university system is widely established on Western foundations. German, English and French colonialists provided the background knowledge from which everything has developed till nowadays. Faculty members were for a long time foreigners before they become Cameroonians as part of the growing autonomy of the institution. This personel basically comes from the lower classes and has benefited of scholarships to study abroad. Cameroonians scholars therefore are multipositional but do not enjoy suitable working conditions. Their intellectual freedom is sometimes jeopardized by political influences which, moreover, seek to instrumentalize them. The university system is broadly divided into seven state universities which basically expose their western affiliation. Cameroon’s state universities are considered peripheral, regarding western universities as central and paradigmatic. The system therefore does not correspond to local realities and does not meet the needs and goals of nation building. It is laid under mimicry of western curricula and fetishism of occidental knowledge
Ouaked, Saïd. "Les migrations des personnels qualifiés aux Etats-Unis : de la domination à la dépendance ?" Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL014.
Повний текст джерелаHamidi, Sofiane. "Etudes de la monocytopoïèse issue de cellules hESC ou iPSC." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077266.
Повний текст джерелаMy work was focused on the monocyte and macrophage lineages. We have shown that Monocyte/macrophage derived from ES cells are cells extremely specialized in tissue remodeling, pro-angiogenesis and immune suppression but with low inflammatory potential. I have investigated the characteristics of monocytes/macrophages from iPS. Those monocyte/macrophage were quite similar to hESC derived, but exhibited more inflammatory potential suggesting some incomplete reprogrammation during derivation of IPS. We hypothesize that the decrease or absence of inflammatory potential of the monocyte/macrophages could be related to a decrease activation of the JAK2/STAT pathway induced by IFN-y and GM-CSF, two cytokines implicated in MI polarization. In this purpose we derive iPS from patient harboring the JAK2V617F mutation, a gain of fonction mutation associated with myéloproliférative neoplasm. In preliminary results, no significant differences were observed in the polarization of JAK2V617F or JAK2WT monocyte/Macrophages derived from IPS. Furthermore we found that IFN-y was capable to normally induce STAT1 activation in these cells suggesting that the blockage in inflammatory response is downstream STAT1 and may be related to epigenetic regulation of inflammatory gens. Finally I have obtained preliminary results showing that JAK2V617F may induce independence to bFGF of the pluripotent iPSC, a result very similar to those reported by Griffiths and al on JAK2V617F mESC who could maintain their pluripotent phenotype without addition of LIF. This was not related to the induction of the canonical STAT pathway but to an effect of nuclear JAK2 on the epigenetic regulation of Nanog
Vanappelghem, Cédric. "Le rôle et l'efficacité du conseil d'administration selon sa sympathie à l'égard du dirigeant : le cas des firmes françaises cotées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAG004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation deals with the consequences of board friendliness on the financial policy and the performance of the firm. It revolves around four empirical studies. Until now, the study of corporate governance was based on Agency Theory. It conceives the board of directors as aimed at monitoring the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in order to protect claimholders' interests. However, Resource Dependence Theory states that the board of directors is aimed at bringing information and resources to the CEO. These two roles are opposing, and board composition determines its dominant role toward the other one. Thus, CEO social ties enhance the advising role of the board and impede its monitoring role. Our dissertation is based on these two theories. Our studies are based on 78 French firms. We decided that a director was a social tie of the CEO when they were graduated from the same university or grande ecole (Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale d'Administration, HEC ...). Corporate governance data are manually collected in the annual reports launched by the firm between 2007 and 2011. Data concerning CEO and directors vita are extracted from the biographical dictionary Who's Who in France 2013 or the annual reports. We first find that friendly boards lead to fewer dividends and higher leverage. We decided to refine our results and analyze the effect of ownership concentration on these two relationships. We found that these relationships remained in a context of high ownership concentration, but the relation between board friendliness and leverage turned negative. The relation between board friendliness and dividends remained negative in a context of high ownership concentration but disapeared in a context of low ownership concentration. Consequently, the possibility for the CEO to use his social ties in order to set up a financial policy to entrench depends on ownership concentration. The higher ownership concentration, the harder it is for the CEO to entrench. In the third empirical study, we found that CEO social ties lead to a higher implied cost of capital. This relationship is stronger for the most risky and opaque firms. Finally, we find that friendly boards increase the performance of the firm. More precisely, this positive effect of board friendliness is concentrated on opaque firms with a lot of growth opportunities. Consequently, even if friendly boards generate agency costs, shareholders accept them when the firm has a lot of growth opportunities because the CEO needs advice to exploit investments properly. When the CEO does not have advisory needs, CEO social ties prevent the financing of the firm at an optimal cost of capital insofar as the CEO is only entrenched
Ryczer-Dumas, Malgorzata. "Users’ agencies : juxtaposing public portrayals and users’ accounts of app-mediated cardiac arrest volunteer work in Sweden." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHES0024.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis embraces a social science research perspective to examine uses of the app SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), now Heartrunner, dedicated to alert volunteers nearby to assist people suspected to suffer from a cardiac arrest outside hospital. This case study of the uses of the health and medical app juxtaposes the public portrayals of the app, its prospective users, their agencies and use practices with the volunteer users’ own accounts. The analysis explores dimensions of the app’s and its users’ agencies as delegated by the technology’s portrayals and perceived by its users. It renders visible also possibly obscured aspects of the volunteer users’ agencies and practices at the time of the technology’s implementation in the two first regions, before its subsequent adoption in other Swedish regions and in Denmark. A medical research perspective has so far dominated the studies of lifesaving apps. Such research evaluates the patients’ health outcomes resulting from the app use by the volunteers and concentrates on the examination of the efficiency aspects of the app, such as how many users arrived and how many engaged in resuscitating the patients. At the same time, it contributes to the promissory discourses and instrumental approaches applied to understand the meanings and uses of health and medical apps. In contrast, building on the discourse and thematic analysis of the qualitative research material, this thesis seeks to highlight the users’ perspectives in their co-constructing of the SMSlifesaving technology through their app use practices; it embraces a socio-material theoretical approach and critically explores the users’ agencies as delegated by the discourses of the project developers, managers and evaluators of the medical technology and as negotiated by the users in their daily practices. This thesis, first, investigates the public portrayals of the app, its users and their agencies published online, in the user-recruiting practices, and in a medical research publication evaluating the SMSlifesaving technology. Next, it examines how the volunteers’ accounts describe the rationales of their entry into their SMSlifesaving app use practices, the social context embedding their entry and the meanings which they ascribe to their practices. Third, the study investigates how the volunteers’ accounts in juxtaposition to the online portrayals of the SMSlifesaving technology represent the volunteers’ app use before their receptions of the app’s notifications which inform them about cardiac-arrest cases nearby, at the time of reception of such notifications, and following acceptance of such notifications.Contributing to the field of critical social research on health and medical apps, the thesis identifies that both the SMSlifesaving app users and the technologies they co-construct have agencies. It illustrates the users’ agencies delegated and negotiated; the latter when they overcome the app everyday dependencies and judge the app-mediated volunteer work importance versus their paid work and private life commitments, develop dutiful engagement with the app and re-define the app’s medical promises for the patients and their families
Sikali, Mamdem Yolande. "Capteurs à fibres optiques répartis par effet Brillouin : séparation de la dépendance à température et à la déformation." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0058/document.
Повний текст джерелаOptical fibers sensors for civil engineering are not a new idea. Their interest is based mainly on the intrinsic properties of optical fibers: electromagnetic neutrality, important capacity of multiplexing and access to long distances of measure. These sensors may cover numerous functions of the traditional sensors: detection, localization and surveillance. Thanks to interactions between the light and the optical fiber, such Brillouin scattering, the optical fiber can be on all its length, a continuously distributed sensor.The phenomenon of Brillouin scattering is well studied due to its big efficiency of scattering, its dependence towards temperature and strain and its pluri-kilometric reach. However, the double sensibility of the Brillouin frequency in temperature and strain is problematic for the simultaneous measurement of these two parameters. We shall present a possibility of discrimination of temperature and strain corresponding to the precisions wished for surveillance health monitoring
Tohoubi, Sidonie. "La succession d'États et le droit du développement." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10044.
Повний текст джерелаNew nations, principally those that are formed after de-colonization have, after obtaining independence, generally rejected all aspects of international law, including legislation concerning the succession of states. They consider that these rules were made by and for other states and they can not be applied to them, or at least not all of these laws. However, there is a contradiction between this theoretical rejection of what existed before the creation of these ans their actual practice in the process of succession, which reveals an almost total continuity. In fact, it is neither a succession nor an automatic continuation, since these stages, which are for the most part economically weak countries, and consequently preoccupied with the problem of development, have managed as a result of their contestatory attitude, to develop new laws favorable to them out of the old norms which they had initially criticized
Dasso, Jean-Etienne. "Les entreprises transnationales nord-americaines de l'agro-industrie et la dependance de l'amerique latine : le cas du mexique (1940-1988)." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20015.
Повний текст джерелаAfter a survey of the period of settlement of the north-american firms, of its historical and economic background, and an identification of the various agents which participated in this movement of internationalization of capital, the author draws an analysis of the functionning of the transnational corporations of the food industry in latin america. He illustrates his study by means of concrete examples chosen within the mexican area. This study of the firms on a macro economic level precedes an accurate analysis of the consequences of their settlement : and increasing dependence for mexico and the whole latin america, from the economic, cultural, and political point of view
Yan, Xin. "Robustesse aux interférences dans les réseaux de capteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10158/document.
Повний текст джерелаModern wireless system designs are increasingly involving dense deployment architectures for wireless networks. Such a feature makes interference in these networks an important limitation to the system performance. In several situations, such as wireless ad hoc or ultra wide band impulse radio, this interference exhibits an impulsive behavior. Such impulsive behavior is often badly captured by the classical Gaussian model. With such interference, the classical linear receiver, optimal for Gaussian noise, is no longer robust. Most of the conventional works were done under the premise of an assumption of independent and identically distributed interference random variables. However, space, time or frequency diversity can result in vectors with dependent components. In this thesis, we first give and general system model and give several distributions and models, and we compare them in modeling the impulsive interference. We then evaluate the robustness of different receiver strategies proposed when the noise model changes. We propose to classify the different ways to define receivers. We give also the parameter estimation method and we illustrate their performance under an impulsive interference environment. We also propose a first approach to model the time and/or space dependency of the interference samples. We use the framework of copulas that allows separating the marginal distributions and the dependence structure of the interference. We use the flexible family of the skew-t copulas and show that it significantly impacts the performance of a receiver
Kobila, Hagbe. "Contribution à une étude des attitudes à l'égard des technologies de l'information et de la communication pour l'enseignement: analyse de quelques facteurs d'influence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210751.
Повний текст джерелаHoule, Hélène. "Les croyances préalables d'enseignants, à l'ordre primaire, à l'égard des pratiques pédagogiques relatives à la gestion de l'enseignement et à la gestion de l'apprentissage des sciences et de la technologie au primaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57903.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAgathos, Catherine Perséphone. "Reliance on the visual frame of reference in ageing across different sensorimotor tasks : from perception to walking." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS351/document.
Повний текст джерелаAging entails deficits in the mechanisms of sensory integration which may affect daily living tasks in old adults, ultimately leading to loss of autonomy and health risks, notably falls. Among the factors contributing to these risks, some may be associated with a degradation in sensory (re)weighting, leading to a greater reliance on visual cues and the associated frames of reference (FoR) (visual field dependence).Our aim was to study how preferential modes of spatial referencing influence sensorimotor control. Examining visual field dependence in the context of aging thus allows to better understand:• if age-related cognition and/or sensorimotor deficits are associated with increased reliance on the visual FoR;• whether this reliance indicates a preferred mode of spatial referencing or a consequence of age-related deficits;• how the above associations and mechanisms evolve by studying young, middle-aged and old adults.We first examined possible factors associated with greater reliance on the visual FoR with age (Chapter 2). We confirmed classic literature reports of increased visual field dependence in old age, and uncovered an association between greater visual field dependence and reduced i) reliance on the egocentric FoR, ii) parallel attentional visual processing ability, and iii) visual fixation stability.We subsequently examined the orientation and stabilisation behaviour of our participants during postural tasks and while walking under different conditions of linear ground optic flow. In Chapter 3, participants stood quietly or stepped in place (SIP – intermittent podal contacts with the ground surface) while confronted with 1- natural optic flow (no stimulus), 2- a static visual stimulation, 3- approaching and 4- receding optic flow. The results showed that the optic flow stimuli influenced SIP primarily as evidenced by anteroposterior drifting of the head, trunk and centre of pressure (COP). Old adults had larger amplitudes of drift compared to the younger participants, and drifted even under natural flow (natural drift) during SIP, indicating reduced egocentric self-motion perception. The most important directional optic flow effects were on the COP and were associated with i) increased reliance on the visual FOR, ii) reduced reliance on the egocentric FoR, and iii) greater natural drift.In Chapter 4 we investigated the influence of ground optic flow on the control of walking and head stabilisation. Reliance on the visual FoR in old adults was manifested under conditions of i) natural flow by a reduced head pitch orientation and ability to stabilise their head in space, which may indicate a strategy to maximise the salience of available visual cues and ii) imposed optic flow, by a re-orientation of the trunk in pitch and increase in stepping frequency. Our results also revealed a general improvement of head stabilisation under conditions of imposed visual stimulation towards a more frequent adoption of the head stabilisation in space strategy. This suggests that the artificial enhancement of optic flow provokes a postural adaptation in order to optimise sensory information processing when walking.Our findings extend current knowledge on the association between reliance on the visual FoR and sensorimotor control across adulthood and depending on the perceptivo-motor task. It is evident that this reliance is linked to a reduction in the exploitation of the egocentric FoR in terms of body orientation and self-motion perception, and that its manifestation depends on the task. Finally, our work provides insights for the design of training protocols aimed at frailer olds taking into account exacerbated reliance on the visual FoR
Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Amir. "L’abondance (dépendance) des ressources naturelles influence-t-elle l’accumulation de capital humain ? Les Ressources Naturelles sont-elles une Malédiction pour l'Education et la Santé ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0016.
Повний текст джерелаAs illustrated by the “Human Development Index” published by the United Nations and used by the World Bank, a society’s progress is often judged not just by its income, but also its human capital outcomes in education and health. It is therefore not surprising that, just as a large number of studies have asked whether natural resource dependence or abundance harms or helps a society’s income, a growing number of papers have separately asked if they harm or help a society’s accumulation of human capital. To date, however, no one has surveyed this body of research. This is what we attempt to do in the dissertation. This new survey then is followed by several empirical analyses and conceptual models to check whether the abundance/dependence of natural resources hurt/help or does not affect the accumulation of human capital. While the literature typically focuses on a national-level analysis of the resource curse, chapter two of this dissertation investigates the impact on the human capital of the abundance of petroleum resources in 28 provinces of Iran from 2000 to 2014. It also contributes to the literature by distinguishing between upstream and downstream impacts i.e. whether the effects of the oil and gas industry on human capital are associated mostly with extraction (upstream) or refining and distribution (downstream) activities. Second, the approach of the dissertation inclined from macro to the microeconomic view in chapter three. Although a growing body of literature studies the HCIF’s (Human Capital-Intensive Firms) boundary and governance, few try to focus on these firms when the abundance of resources is involved in the economy. Similarly, in resource curse literature much has been said about the natural resource effects on human capital, however, fewer studies have been conducted for the immigration of the talented students in the resource abundance countries and the potential impacts this might have on human capital. This gap inspired me to study the effect of oil rent, brain drain, and good governance on human capital in a set of countries listed in the Natural Resource Governance Index (NRGI) Report. 3. Overall, all the empirical analysis of this dissertation significantly confirms the curse of natural resource abundance/dependence for the accumulation of human capital, measured by different indicators of health and education. For example, regarding the case of Iran, the empirical results show that apart from the global crowding effect of natural resources on human capital, the provinces involved in both downstream and upstream oil activities have significantly lower levels of human capital compared to both oil-free provinces and provinces involved only in downstream oil activities. This suggests a double resource curse. We also find the same negative effects for a cross-section of 81 NRGI countries by estimating a system of multiple linear regression models, by using ordinary least squares (OLS). Another interesting result of this dissertation was the negative impacts of brain drain on the accumulation of human capital. Contrary, we find that the determinants of good governance show a significant and positive impact on human capital accumulation, indicating the important role of good governance in resource-abundant countries to harness the curse of oil abundance. Finally, the positive and significant coefficient of interaction term -in chapter four- between natural resource governance and oil rent (as a proxy for resource dependence) implies that natural resource good governance is one key to avoid the negative effect of resources on the accumulation of human capital
Kim, Sea. "Étude des représentations du personnel enseignant à l'égard de ses pratiques d'ordre technologique et pédagogique actuelles et de celles qui pourraient favoriser la mise en oeuvre d'un dispositif de formation à distance à l'Institut de Technologie du Cambodge." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/940.
Повний текст джерелаKhattri, Guman Singh. "A crippled revolution : rise and transformation of Maoist revolution in Nepal." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12026.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation explores how Maoist revolution evolved in Nepal, and how over the time it detoured from its political and military direction and came to a complete halt. Examining historically important documents, and views, perceptions, and insights of the Maoist actors from Marxist, structural, and political conflict perspectives, this dissertation demonstrates that the period of a closed political system under an authoritarian political system provided fertile ground for the rise of the Maoists with an ideological objective of smashing existing state and establishing a new democratic order, which implemented the armed revolution in the relatively open and partly reformed fluid political, economic and military structure in the 1990s. The analysis of the course of revolution suggests that the revolution made a very powerful headway mainly beause of the conflicting interests of and contradictions among the major political forces. Indeed, the active involvement of India, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom in Nepal forced the Maoists to halt their revolution, abandoning their core aim and strategies. This dissertation reveals that although the Maoists along with other political parties succeeded to abolish the monarchy, they failed to undertake the radical policies and programs promised during the war. Critically examining the Maoist politics and trajectories of actors involved in the revolution, this dissertation concludes that the inconsistencies in the Maoists’ aims, strategies, culture, and politics are also responsible for the failure of the Maoists to transform the existing state structure, the class relation, and nature of the economy
Minkala-Ntadi, Pierre. "Appropriation professionnelle des technologies de l'information et de la communication en contexte de dépendance politique : la spécificité de la co-construction de l'information de presse au Congo-Brazzaville (1963-2012)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946901.
Повний текст джерелаDakpo, K. Hervé. "Non-parametric modelling of pollution-generating technologies : theoretical and methodological considerations, with an application to the case of greenhouse gas emissions in suckler breeding systems in French grassland areas." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10474/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe growing importance of environmental matters in social responsibility of firms has generated many frameworks of analysis in the economic literature. Among those frameworks, performance evaluation and benchmarking using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have increased at a very fast rate. This PhD research focuses on models that include undesirable outputs such as pollution in the overall production system, to appraise eco-efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). Besides, the recent awareness on the large contribution of agriculture and particularly livestock farming to global warming, has highlighted for this sector the challenge of reaching both economic and environmental performances. In this line, the overall objective of this dissertation is to provide a theoretical and empirical background in modelling pollution-generating technologies and to suggest theoretical improvements that are consistent with the particular case of greenhouse gas emissions in extensive livestock systems. Firstly, we showed that all existing approaches that deal with undesirable outputs in the non-parametric analysis (i.e. DEA) have some strong drawbacks. However, the models grounded on the estimation of multiple independent sub-technologies offer interesting opportunities. Secondly, I developed a new framework that extends the by-production approach through the introduction of some explicit dependence constraints that link the sub-technologies in order to build a unified system. Thirdly, an empirical comparison, using a sample of French sheep meat farms, of this by-production modelling extension with the existing approaches, revealed some inconsistencies of these latter. Finally, we expanded this new by-production formulation to account for dynamic aspects related to the presence of adjustment costs. The application to the case of French suckler cow farms underlined the necessity of accounting for dynamic aspects and also showed high heterogeneity in investment strategies of these farmers
Maneuvrier, Hervieu Arthur. "Le sentiment de présence en réalité virtuelle : rôle modérateur des facteurs humains sur la performance." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC035.
Повний текст джерелаVirtual reality has emerged as a new paradigm for research and scientific applications. The ability of this technology to simulate complex custom-made situations offers researchers the opportunity to study behaviours with a laboratory methodological control and an ecological dimensions. The latter is made possible by the emergence of the feeling (or “sense”) of presence, the sensation of "being there", a phenomenon at the heart of in virtuo studies. The present work is part of a meth-odological and fundamental framework aimed at advancing the emergence of a body of knowledge on virtual reality and its sense of presence. The global understanding of the sense of presence remains very limited, especially with regard to its links with performance in virtual reality. Whether it is for diagnostic purposes or for the investigation of human behaviour, the question of the relationship between the sense of presence and performance is crucial: if presence promotes performance, for example by increasing scores during a neuropsychological test, it becomes a systematic bias inherent to the tool that must be controlled in any rigorous experiment. This ques-tion remains little studied in the literature, mostly because it is complexified by the interactions between a whole set of adjacent variables – gender, cybersickness, cognitive style, video game experience – but also because performance can take many different forms, making it particularly difficult to infer directional causality. In order to explore this question, the present work proposes three experiments on three different types of evaluation: executive functions, spatial cognition, semantic learning. The data collected in this way is also the object of transversal analyses de-signed to compare the experiments. Together, these results seem to suggest the existence of two components of virtual reality. The first, the cognitive profile, is made up of individual human factors interacting with system factors – notably the degree of integration of the task into the virtual envi-ronment – to build the second, the user experience. The sense of presence and performance, but also their relationship depends on the user experience. This model, presented in conclusion, is discussed with regard to different theoretical approaches to cognition, notably the ecological and computational theories. This discussion makes it possible to draw up a list of recommendations and perspectives for virtual reality users, including the possibilities of estimating a priori the user experience of an individual immersed in virtual reality
Turgeon, Londei Sophie. "Perception des personnes âgées à l'égard de la vidéosurveillance intelligente pour leur soutien à domicile." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2711.
Повний текст джерелаBackgroung: Among the elderly, at-home falls are a significant problem (on average, 1 elder/3 falls at least 1/year). In order to automatically detect falls while maintaining privacy, an innovative technology was developed: an intelligent videomonitoring system. Objective: To explore the perception and receptivity of the elderly regarding the introduction of this new technology at home. Methodology: Using a mixed methods design, 30 elderly underwent a structured interview. A content analysis (qualitative data) and descriptive analyses (quantitative data) were executed and then combined. Findings: 93.4% of the participants were favorable (or partially) to the intelligent videomonitoring system and 43.3% would use it for the sense of security and the privacy provided. Conclusion: The living situation of the elderly influences their perception and receptivity regarding an intelligent videomonitoring system. The next step will be to evaluate this new technology in various living environments.
Bouchoucha, Arbi. "Analyse de dépendance des programmes à objet en utilisant les modèles probabilistes des entrées." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5506.
Повний текст джерелаThe task of maintenance and understanding of object-oriented programs is becoming increasingly costly. Dependency analysis can be a solution to facilitate this engineering task. However, dependency analysis is a task both important and difficult. We propose a framework for studying program internal dependencies in a probabilistic setting, where the program inputs are modeled either as a random vector, or as a Markov chain. In that setting, coupling metrics become random variables whose probability distributions can be studied via Monte-Carlo simulation. The obtained distributions provide an entry point for understanding the internal dependencies of program elements, as well as their general behaviour. This framework is appropriate for the (common) situation where the value taken by the metric does depend on the program inputs and where those inputs are not fixed a priori. We provide a concrete illustration with two case studies.
Shi, Lixin. "Relating Dependent Terms in Information Retrieval." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13716.
Повний текст джерелаSearch engine has become an integral part of our life. More than one-third of world populations are Internet users. Most users turn to a search engine as the quick way to finding the information or product they want. Information retrieval (IR) is the foundation for modern search engines. Traditional information retrieval approaches assume that indexing terms are independent. However, terms occurring in the same context are often dependent. Failing to recognize the dependencies between terms leads to noise (irrelevant documents) in the result. Some studies have proposed to integrate term dependency of different types, such as proximity, co-occurrence, adjacency and grammatical dependency. In most cases, dependency models are constructed apart and then combined with the traditional word-based (unigram) model on a fixed importance proportion. Consequently, they cannot properly capture variable term dependency and its strength. For example, dependency between adjacent words “black Friday” is more important to consider than those of between “road constructions”. In this thesis, we try to study different approaches to capture term relationships and their dependency strengths. We propose the following methods for monolingual IR and Cross-Language IR (CLIR): We re-examine the combination approach by using different indexing units for Chinese monolingual IR, then propose the similar method for CLIR. In addition to the traditional method based on words, we investigate the possibility of using Chinese bigrams and unigrams as translation units. Several translation models from English words to Chinese unigrams, bigrams and words are created based on a parallel corpus. An English query is then translated in several ways, each producing a ranking score. The final ranking score combines all these types of translations. We incorporate dependencies between terms in our model using Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. Every occurrence of a text fragment in a document is represented as a set which includes all its implied terms. Probability is assigned to such a set of terms instead of individual terms. During query evaluation phase, the probability of the set can be transferred to those of the related query, allowing us to integrate language-dependent relations to IR. We propose a discriminative language model that integrates different term dependencies according to their strength and usefulness to IR. We consider the dependency of adjacency and co-occurrence within different distances, i.e. bigrams, pairs of terms within text window of size 2, 4, 8 and 16. The weight of bigram or a pair of dependent terms in the final model is learnt according to a set of features. All the proposed methods are evaluated on several English and/or Chinese collections, and experimental results show these methods achieve substantial improvements over state-of-the-art baselines.
Shen, Wei. "Concept oriented biomedical information retrieval." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12573.
Повний текст джерелаHealth and biomedical area is probably the area where there are the richest domain resources. In these resources, different expressions are clustered into well defined concepts. They are designed to facilitate public access to the health information and are widely believed to be useful for biomedical information retrieval. However the results of previous works are highly mitigated: in some studies, concepts slightly improve the retrieval performance, while in some others degradations are observed. It is however difficult to compare the results directly due to the fact that they have been performed on different test collections. It is still unclear whether and how medical information retrieval can benefit from these knowledge resources. In this thesis we aim at comparing in the same framework two families of approaches to exploit concepts - using concept IDs as the representation units or using synonymous concept expressions to expand the original query. Compared to a traditional bag-of-words (BOW) baseline, our experiments on test collections show that concept IDs always degrades retrieval effectiveness, whereas the second approach can lead to some improvements. In particular, by matching the concept expressions as either strict or flexible phrases, some methods can lead to significant improvement over the BOW baseline and even over MRF model on most query sets. This study shows experimentally that when concepts are used in a suitable way, it can help improve the effectiveness of medical information retrieval. We participated at the ShARe/CLEF 2014 eHealth Evaluation Lab. Our result was the best among all the participating systems.