Дисертації з теми "Densité – Dynamique – Modèles mathématiques"
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Saudreau, Marc. "Analyse de la dynamique des jets à densité variable en écoulement cocourant pulsé." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT002H.
Повний текст джерелаHermet, Patrick. "Modélisation de la dynamique vibrationnelle des oligothiophènes." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20168.
Повний текст джерелаCouto-Barba, Laurent. "Contribution à la simulation du mélange turbulent par la schématisation de fonctions densité de probabilité." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3014.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis considers a method which simplifies the mixing at different levels, depending on turbulence length and time scales. The analysis is here restricted to the case of homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flows. The model is based on elementary fluid particles considered in their different levels of neighborhoods. For each vicinity level, a specific mixing model is applied. The approach takes into account - from small to high length scales - laminar diffusion (Fick diffusion process), internal mixing into fluid particle (Kerstein model, 1988), external mixing between fluid particles contained into a same eulerian volume (inspired from the LMSE model developpef by Dopazo, 1974, or from the Curl model,1963) and turbulent dispersion (where lagrangian moves are computed). An internal clock organizes the sequence of applications of the different models. Each one is applied instantaneously at different periodic times. Two different cases have been studied. The first case is the time evolution of mixing between two components initially introduced in two different areas. The numerical results have been compared to those of Direct Numerical Simulations by Eswaran & Pope (1988). The time evolution of Probability Density Functions, and the evolutions of variance, symetry coefficient and flatness coefficient have been compared. A parametrical study of the parameter governing the sequence of application of the different models has been performed. The second case considers thermal mixing layers emitted from one or two hot films placed inside a grid turbulence with uniform mean flow. Numerical results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results by Warhaft (1984)
Reveillon, Julien. "Simulation dynamique des grandes structures appliquée aux flammes turbulentes non-prémélangées." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES071.
Повний текст джерелаBeyer, Robert. "Modélisation téléonomique de la dynamique de croissance des plantes à partir du concept de densité foliairé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC037/document.
Повний текст джерелаFunctional-structural plant growth models (FSPMs) have emerged as the synthesis of mechanistic process-based models, and geometry-focussed architectural models. In terms of spatial scale, these models can essentially be divided into small-scale models featuring a topological architecture – often facing data-demanding parametrisations, parameter sensitivity, as well as computational heaviness, which imposes problematic limits to the age and size of individuals than can be simulated – and large-scale models based on a description of crown shape in terms of rigid structures such as empirical crown envelopes – commonly struggling to allow for spatial variability and plasticity in crown structure and shape in response to local biotic or abiotic growth conditions.In response to these limitations, and motivated not least by the success-story of spatial density approaches in theoretical populations ecology, the spatial distribution of foliage in plants in this thesis is characterised in terms of spatial leaf density, which allows for a completely local description that is a priori unrestricted in terms of plasticity, while being robust and computationally efficient. The thesis presents dynamic growth models specifically developed for crops and trees, exploring different mathematical frameworks in continuous and discrete time, while critically discussing their conceptual suitability and exploring analytical simplifications and solutions to accelerate simulations.The law of Beer-Lambert on the passing of light though an absorbing medium allows to infer the local light conditions based on which local biomass production can be computed via a radiation use efficiency. A key unifying mechanism of the different models is the local expansion of leaf density in the direction of the light gradient, which coincides with the direction most promising with regard to future biomass productivity. This aspect falls into the line of teleonomic and optimization-oriented plant growth models, and allows to set aside the otherwise complex modelling of branching processes. The principle induces an expansive horizontal and upward-directed motion of foliage. Moreover, it mechanistically accounts for a slow-down of the horizontal expansion as soon as a neighbouring competitor's crown is reached, since the appropriate region is already shaded, implying a corresponding adaptation of the light gradient. This automatically results in narrower crowns in scenarios of increased competition, ultimately decreasing biomass production and future growth due to lesser amount of intercepted light. In an extension, the impact of water availability is incorporated into the previously light-only dependency of biomass production by means of a novel hydraulic model describing the mechanistic balancing of leaf water potential and transpiration in the context of stomatal control. The allocation of produced biomass to other plant compartments such as roots and above-ground wood, e.g. by means of the pipe model theory, is readily coupled to leaf density dynamics.Simulation results are compared against a variety of empirical observations, ranging from long-term forest inventory data to laser-recorded spatial data, covering multiple abiotic environmental conditions and growth resources as well as stand densities and thus degrees of competition. The models generate a series of complex emergent properties including the realistic prediction of biometric growth parameters, the spontaneous adaptability and plasticity of crown morphologies in different competitive scenarios, the empirically documented insensitivity of height to stand density, the accurate deceleration of height growth, as well as popular allometric relationships – altogether demonstrating the potential of leaf density based approaches for efficient and robust plant growth modelling
Ibrahim, Hassan. "Analyse de systèmes parabolique/Hamilton-Jacobi modélisant la dynamique de densités de dislocations en domaine borné." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004186.
Повний текст джерелаMartínez, von Dossow Carlos. "Modélisation, analyse et contrôle de la croissance microalgale en cultures à haute densité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS255.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMicroalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with a high biotechnological potential. They have many industrial applications, including biofuel and wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, controlling optimal growth conditions for full-scale outdoor cultivation of microalgae is challenging. Mathematical models based on differential equations are of great help to better manage these nonlinear and dynamical systems. The aim of this thesis is to better understand how different factors such as the availability of light and nutrients affect microalgae growth in high density cultures. In a first part, we study the impacts of photo-inhibition and medium turbidity when microalgae growth is only limited by light. Then, we analyse the long-term behaviour of a microalgae population accounting both for nutrient and light limitations. We determine the conditions to avoid population extinction. In particular, we show that continuous periodic culture operation (periodic dilution rate and nutrient supply) under periodic fluctuations of environmental conditions (such as the light source or temperature) leads to a periodic behavior. In a third part, we show how to maximize microalgae productivity. We determine a strategy for shading outdoor cultures to protect microalgae from excess light. We also find the optimal incident light for photobioreactors operated at steady state. In the context of wastewater treatment, we determine numerically the optimal depth of a culture limited by light and nutrient. Finally, the last part of this work proposes and validates a mathematical model accounting for light, nitrogen, and phosphorus limitations, including photoacclimation dynamics
Fekih-Salem, Radouane. "Modèles Mathématiques pour la compétition et la coexistence des espèces microbiennes dans un chémostat." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940100.
Повний текст джерелаOussaily, Aya. "Étude théorique et numérique des systèmes modélisant la dynamique des densités des dislocations." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. https://bibliotheque.utc.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/2021COMP2634.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we are interested in the theoretical and numerical studies of dislocations densities. Dislocations are linear defects that move in crystals when those are subjected to exterior stress. More generally, the dynamics of dislocations densities are described by a system of transport equations where the velocity field depends non locally on the dislocations densities. First, we are interested in the study of a one dimensional submodel of a (2 × 2) Hamilton-Jacobi system introduced by Groma and Balogh in 1999, proposed in the two dimensional case. For this system, we prove global existence and uniqueness results. Adding to that, considering nondecreasing initial data, we study this problem numerically by proposing a finite difference implicit scheme for which we show the convergence. Then, inspired by the first work, we show a more general theory which allows us to get similar results of existence and uniqueness of solution in the case of one dimensional eikonal systems. By considering nondecreasing initial data, we study this problem numerically. Under certain conditions on the velocity, we propose a finite difference implicit scheme allowing us to calculate the discrete solution and simulate then the dislocations dynamics via this model
Wu, Yi. "Topology optimization in structural dynamics : vibrations, fracture resistance and uncertainties." Thesis, Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC2007.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to develop density based-topology optimization methods for several challenging dynamic structural problems. First, we propose a normalization strategy for elastodynamics to obtain optimized material distributions of the structures that reduces frequency response and improves the numerical stabilities of the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO). Then, to take into account uncertainties in practical engineering problems, a hybrid interval uncertainty model is employed to efficiently model uncertainties in dynamic structural optimization. A perturbation method is developed to implement an uncertainty-insensitive robust dynamic topology optimization in a form that greatly reduces the computational costs. In addition, we introduce a model of interval field uncertainty into dynamic topology optimization. The approach is applied to single material, composites and multi-scale structures topology optimization. Finally, we develop a topology optimization for dynamic brittle fracture structural resistance, by combining topology optimization with dynamic phase field fracture simulations. This framework is extended to design impact-resistant structures. In contrast to stress-based approaches, the whole crack propagation is taken into account into the optimization process
Huot, Jean-Claude. "La Dynamique des grands projets." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0027.
Повний текст джерела[The design of large projects is never completed until construction itself has been achieved, i. E. We start their construction and then resume the design. Technology is in continuous if reluctant evolution during the long life cycle of a major project The owner wants to take advantage of the latest innovations. This cause scope changes. Any design change often construction starts, will cause undiscovered rework that will eventually affect the interrelated parameters of the project (resources, productivity, quality, time and cast). Because major building projects are "fast-tracked" they have behaviour modes similar to other major projects. From the theory of systems we are proposing a model and developing a paradigm of organizational management of the realization of a major building that establishes the proper time to start construction and minimizes delays and impacts on costs. ]
Drouilhet, Rémy. "Dérivée de mouvement brownien fractionnaire et estimation de densité spectrale." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3024.
Повний текст джерелаHosseinizadeh, Ahmad. "Excited States in U(1)2+1 Lattice Gauge Theory and Level Spacing Statistics in Classical Chaos." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26815/26815.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLechner, Christoph. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'insertion du 3H et du 36Cl dans les graphites UNGG." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX014/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the upcoming years, nine nuclear UNGG (Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz) power plants will have to be dismantled in France. In these power plants, nuclear graphite was used as a neutron moderator and reflector, and was activated during operation. The dismantlement will lead to 23000 tons of irradiated graphite waste, which will have to be managed. The graphite is classified as a nuclear waste containing radionuclides with low activity and long half-life. Two radionuclides are the focus of this work: 36Cl and 3H. 36Cl has one of the longest half-lives (about 301000 years) among the waste's radionuclides. 3H has a shorter half-life (12 years), but contributes significantly to the waste’s initial activity. Previous experiments suggest that both, 36Cl and 3H, are mainly fixed at different traps in graphite, which are defective structures, such as dislocation loops, surfaces, or grain boundaries. Since the only significant migration mechanism of these radionuclides is release, it is important to understand where the traps are located and the conditions of the release.UNGG graphite has a complex heterogeneous multi-scale structure which differs substantially from an ideal monocrystal of graphite. However, in order to understand macroscopic data, theoretical studies at the nano- and microscopic scale are an important tool to explain underlying phenomena even though they rely on simpler models due to the limitations of computation power. A multi-scale approach was therefore applied to study the local interactions of the radionuclides with graphite as well as diffusion and trapping mechanisms on the nm-μm length scale.First, the interaction of 3H and 36Cl with defects in graphite was studied with density functional theory (DFT). Hydrogen interacts covalently with bulk graphite as well as with the studied surfaces (001), (100), and (110). Several surface reconstructions were investigated: arch-type reconstructions and in-plane reconstructions. The results show that the existing hypothesis on the trapping of hydrogen needs to be refined. The behavior of Cl is more complex. On the (100) and (110) surface chemisorption is observed. However, on the (001) surface a strong charge transfer interaction is observed for Cl. In contrast to that, Cl2 only interacts via weak van der Waals interactions with this surface. In bulk graphite Cl2 dissociates.The diffusion of H and Cl in irradiated graphite has been investigated by performing molecuar dynamics simulations. The ab initio results were used to develop bond order potentials to model the interaction of radionuclides and the graphite matrix, which attributes for short and long range interactions. For Cl, a new potential has been parameterized which is able to describe all aspects obtained with DFT. For the 3H-graphite interactions, the bond order potential AIREBO/M was used for C-H interactions. For C-C interactions the LCBOP potential was used.To evaluate the influence of the complex heterogeneous structure of the UNGG graphite on the radionuclide's behavior, several different atomic models were studied to account for this diversity such as surfaces, grain boundaries and nanopores.For Cl, irradiation simulations of different systems were performed up to an energy of 10 keV for the primary knock-on atom (PKA), and in a temperature range of 200 to 500ºC. The dependence on temperature and irradiation direction was investigated. In general, direct irradiation damage increases with temperature. Irradiation at incident angles <90º can create more or less damage compared to the perpendicular one depending on the surface type.Diffusion of H and Cl along surfaces shows that all crystallite edges with dangling bonds can serve as traps. For Cl, diffusion in nanoporous graphite revealed two preferred locations : First, the crystallite edges where Cl forms strong covalent; second, the corners of microcracks where Cl interacts via charge transfer
Guegan, Sylvain. "Contribution à la modélisation et l'identification dynamique des robots parallèles." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2112.
Повний текст джерелаEraydin, Ersin. "Domaine de validité des équations de la dynamique du vol : découplage." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ESAE0003.
Повний текст джерелаBrenon, Isabelle. "Modélisation de la dynamique des sédiments fins dans l'estuaire de la Seine." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2024.
Повний текст джерелаXexo, Gjergj. "Flamme de diffusion turbulente dans un écoulement transversal : comportement dynamique et rayonnement." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT082H.
Повний текст джерелаFontane, Jérôme. "Transition des écoulements cisaillés libres à densité variable." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7338/1/fontane.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBerro, Alain. "Optimisation multiobjectif et stratégies d' évolution en environnement dynamique." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10091.
Повний текст джерелаAfter a state of the art on the methods used to solve multiobjectives problems and dynamic environment problems, we propose a multiagent method of optimization in dynamic environment which offers a discriminating response to a change of environment. A generalization of this method applied to the multiobjectives problems is also proposed
Laire-Peirano, André de. "Quelques problèmes liés à la dynamique des équations de Gross-Pitaevskii et de Landau-Lifshitz." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066513.
Повний текст джерелаArryman, Arif. "Dynamique et simulation des marches de matière plastique." Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090018.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns with the problem of dynamic modelling of market behavior. Its purpose is to introduce system dynamic simulation models capable of representing the dynamic of the polystyrene market. System dynamics methodology is employed as it provides conceptual devices that facilitate the clarification and formalization of mental model of market agents or experts. It facilitates also the conceptualization and formulation of complex relationships consist of time delays, non-linearity embedded in many interconnected feedback loops existing in the real-world market system. An aggregate and a competitive market models are constructed to represent the dynamic of the polystyrene market. The causal relationships and feedback structures of the models include classical economics forces and concepts such as market clearing through adjustment of supply and demand. Qualitative factors and concepts such as viscosity socio-psychology (elasticity) as well as accelerators of pressures psycho-financial (anticipation, speculation) underlying market mechanism. The analysis and simulation of model’s behavior produce insight and facilitate understanding and comprehension of the relationship between the complex behavior of the plastics markets and its underlying structure
Brufau, Hélène. "Analyse et modélisation de dynamiques de végétation." Perpignan, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PERP0191.
Повний текст джерелаBizid, Abdelhamid. "Equilibre, imperfections de marché et évaluation de produits dérivés." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010026.
Повний текст джерелаFriggit, Jacques. "Mécanique statistique des marchés : une approche darwinienne des comportements financiers : application à la dynamique des taux de change." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32020.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation models market behavior in very liquid markets. It assumes that financial behaviors adapt to information not instantaneously but following a darwinian evolution process, then reformulates and solves the problem thus posed by using tools borrowed from statistical mechanics. Some properties of the resulting price process are then compared to actual price processes observed in the foreign exchange market on short time scales. A potential predictor of instabilities is derived. A complete translation of the dissertation into english is available
Boughrara, Adel. "Sur la modélisation dynamique retrospective et prospective des séries temporelles : une étude méthodologique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32054.
Повний текст джерелаThe past years have witnessed intensive competition among economic and econometric methodologies attempting to explain macroeconomic behaviour. Alternative schools have made claims with respect both to the purity of their methodology and to their ability to explain the facts. This thesis investigates the epistemological foundations of the major competitors, namely, the new classical school with its links to prospective econometric modelling on the one hand, and the retrospective modelling which is more close to inductive methods, on the other hand. The main conclusion of the thesis is that none of the rival schools has a very tight link with the popperien epistemology of falsificationism
Boulanouar, Mohamed. "Transport - théorie et applications à la dynamique des populations cellulaires." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2282.
Повний текст джерелаJordan, Robert. "Essais sur la dynamique du déséquilibre." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX24004.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of the theory of temporary equilibria with rationing to the determination of quantities when prices, wealth distribution and agents' expectations are given. Accordingly, it supplies a microeconomic foundation for macroeconomic analysis such that it is presented in is-lm tradition. However, quantities solutions that appear are not stationary as long as agents' endowments cannot remain unchanged when trade occurs, and as they are not necessarily satisfied with the transactions they realise. Prices being given, dynamic adjustment of stocks leads to steady states whose stability and comparative static properties are not always the same that those of temporary equilibria. In order to study prices adjustment in disequilibrium situations, it is necessary to exhibit an exact measure of the effective excess demand that appears in a fixed price equilibrium. From this point of view, the theory of effective demand under stochastic and manipulable rationing is better than that one can get from deterministic and non-manipulable rationing schemes. To every price vector, it associate a locally unique temporary equilibrium with a vector of effective excess demand that must go to zero when prices move according to this "law of supply and demand". This price adjustment may be associated with that concerning stocks into a "non tatonnement" process. However, non competitive price dynamics are not to be excluded since, when prices move slowly, agents can rationally hold non walrasian conjectures about their trading possibilities
Nguyen, Trong Hieu. "Modèles mathématiques de la dynamique des populations en environnement déterministe et stochastique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066432/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we consider mathematical population dynamics models in deterministic and stochastic environments. For deterministic environments, we study three models: an intraguild model with the effects of spatial heterogeneous environment and fast migration of individuals; a fishery model with Marine Protected Area where fishing is prohibited and an area where the fish population is harvested; a predator-prey model which has one prey and two predators with Beddington-DeAngelis functional responses. For stochastic environments, we study SIRS epidemic model and predator-prey models under telegraph noise. We try to present the dynamical behavior of these models and show out the existence or vanishing of species in the models
Mohammedi, Mehdi. "Modélisation en régime dynamique de structures d'habitation couplées a leurs équipements énergetiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0710.
Повний текст джерелаVenture, Gentiane. "Identification des paramètres dynamiques d'une voiture." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2106.
Повний текст джерелаThe modelling is based on the modified Denavit-Hartenberg geometric description, which is commonly used in robotics. The car is considered as a tree structure multi body system, where the four wheels are the terminal links. This description allows calculating automatically the symbolic expression of the geometric, kinematics and dynamic models by using robotics techniques or even by using a symbolic software package like SYMORO+. Such a model allows us calculating the inverse dynamic model, which is linear with respect to the dynamic parameters. The identificaion is performed with a weighted least squares method. Models are testing in simulation then with a real car. The identification is realized with common tests with a car equipped with different sensors. Most of the dynamic parameters of the chassis can be identified (inertia matrix, centre of mass position and mass), and also the dynamic parameters of the suspensions, anti-roll bar and vertical stiffness of the tires
Tiedemann, Florian, and Florian Tiedemann. "Étude sur la relation compétition-densité de l'épinette noire au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24779.
Повний текст джерелаUn modèle intégrant des guides de gestion de la densité décrit l'«effet de compétition-densité» étant l'effet négatif du nombre d'arbres (densité) sur le volume moyen V . Pour les peuplements naturels d'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) au Québec, Tremblay et collab. (2000) constatent que le modèle simple d'Ando (1968) manque de précision. L'ajout du coefficient de distribution, défini comme le taux d'occupation des cellules subdivisant une placette échantillon en autant de cellules qu'il s'y trouvent d'arbres, a significativement amélioré un modèle simplifié de l'effet de compétition-densité (critère d'information d'Akaike) pour 63 placettes échantillons situées dans les régions Saguenay{Lac-St-Jean et Côte-Nord. Un faible CD, indicateur d'une dispersion spatiale en bouquets des arbres, a un effet négatif sur le V . En utilisant 8197 placettes échantillons du ministère des Ressources naturelles, nous avons significativement amélioré (critère d'information bayesien) le modèle simple d'Ando (1968) par l'ajout simultané de (1.a) l'indicateur de distribution diamétrale «RD4», qui est le rapport entre le diamètre moyen quadratique et le diamètre dominant, (1.b) W, qui est de 1 dans les sous-domaines bioclimatiques de l'ouest, et de 0 dans ceux de l'est et (1.c) RE2, qui est de 1 pour la végétation potentielle RE2 et de 0 pour l'autre végétation potentielle (RE3). Avec une racine d'erreur quadratique moyenne (RMSE) de 1,055 et un coeffiction de déterminantion (R2) de 0,936, nous avons obtenu une véritable amélioration de la précision du modèle réduit (RMSE = 1; 369 et R2 = 0; 787), tout en n'utilisant que des variables qui sont à la fois faciles à mesurer sur le terrain et qui se prêtent bien, en plus, à être utilisees dans les autres modèles composants d'un guide de gestion de la densité. Le modèle complétée par (2) la classe de pourcentage de couverture est également significativement meilleur (critère d'information bayesien) et plus précis (RMSE = 1; 303 et R2 = 0; 81) que le modèle réduit.
Moyse, Alexandra. "Odysseo, plate-forme orientée objet pour la simulation dynamique des procédés." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT016G.
Повний текст джерелаBastian, Guy. "Determination dynamique des parametres des transferts couples de chaleur et d'humidite au sein d'un mortier en regime hygroscopique." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2024.
Повний текст джерелаWinant, Pablo. "Modèles stochastiques d'équilibre général dynamique à deux agents." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0048.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation focuses on the numerical solution and properties of dynamic general equilibrium models, in which two agents can trade in one or many assets. In the first chapter, I develop an approximation method around a « risky steady-state » which captures precautionary behavior of economic agents. In a simple two-countries models, I show that this effect stabilizes the net foreign asset position. The second chapter provides theoretical foundations to adapt classical perturbation methods in order to characterize dynamic portfolios in general or partial equilibrium. It also evaluates its precision relative to other concurring methods. The third chapter studies financial integration in the stochastic neoclassical model. By comparing quantitatively the effects of precautionary savings by risky countries with the effects of efficient capital allocation, the model is able to predict capital flow reversals a few years after integration. Counter-intuitively, the safer country benefits more from financial integration that the risky one. Last chapters links an increase in income inequalities with a debt accumulation by the 95% poorest households. The debt buildup induces in turn a rational default by bottom earners, leading to crises episodes similar to the great depression and the great recession. The debt accumulation comes from the preference for wealth by top earners that matches the observed behavior of the top 5% households. When calibrated to empirical data, the model is able to reproduce the magnitude of debt accumulation and the increase in crisis probability that were historically observed before the two historical episodes
Zeghal, Slim. "Simulation dynamique de la polymérisation du styrène : développement et validation de modèles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0225.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Huu Tri. "Echelles de temps et dynamique spatiotemporelle de populations." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22099.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAggregation of variables methods allow reducing complexity of models in population dynamics by building simplified models governing fewer variables. We first use those methods to study spatial host-parasitoids models on patches. Those models are composed of a local interaction submodel and a dispersal submodel. Dispersal consists in k events of elementary dispersal on the nearest neighbours. We study the influence of parameter k on global dynamics and persistence of the system. We then develop a model of a virus in a marine environment to study the “plankton paradox”: plankton dynamics violate the principle of competitive exclusion. The study of our system shows that the presence of a virus enables the coexistence of two different species of bacteria
Ibrahim, Ouarda. "Contribution à la modélisation dynamique des robots parallèles et des robots hybrides." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2096.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we propose novel methods for the dynamic modeling of parallel robots and hybrid robots. These methods are essentially based on the recursive Newton-Euler algorithm, which is easy to program and efficient during the real-time execution. For the dynamic modeling of the parallel robots, the proposed method takes into account all the dynamics of these robots what gets complete models of these structures that can be exploitable in advanced control algorithms and in simulation. The dynamics of the platform is calculated as a function of the Cartesian variables of the platform, whereas the dynamic models of legs are calculated as a function of the joint variables, This choice allows to obtain relation less complicated than the calculation of both dynamics in the joint space. To illustrate the various steps of the method we applied it to six parallel robots with different structures and mobilities, each of them presents particularities that guided us in the clarification of the method. Then, we studied the modeling of the hybrid robots composed of series of parallel modules. The proposed method is a recursive method based on calculation of the efforts applied to the various modules of the structure the ones with respect to the others and with respect to the environment. The inverse dynamic model generalizes, for the hybrid robots, the formulation of Newton-Euler of Luh developed for serial robots, whereas the direct dynamic model generalizes the algorithm of Featherstone. Then finally, the modeling of hybrid robots was extended to robots with a mobile base, for which we exploited the principle of a generalized module composed of the succeeding modules, the use of this principle allowed us to calculate the acceleration of the mobile base of the robot. To illustrate the feasibility of this method we applied it to two modules of the robot Anguille
Musy, Olivier. "La dynamique de l'inflation dans les modèles néo-keynésiens." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24009.
Повний текст джерелаBarbaroux, Jean-Marie. "Modèles mathématiques de la chimie quantique atomique & dynamique quantique et spectre multifractal." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010385.
Повний текст джерелаNoël, Pierre-André. "Dynamique de modèles épidémiologiques : applications au cas du virus du Nil occidental." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24606/24606.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMartel, Claire. "Etude expérimentale de la combustion turbulente prémélangée : analyse de modèles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0573.
Повний текст джерелаPiacenza, Guy. "Nouveaux matériaux énergétiques, modélisation et préparation de polyamines hétérocycliques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30081.
Повний текст джерелаLakhal, Abderrahman. "Modélisation mathématique du contact unilatéral avec frottement en dynamique : application aux problèmes d'impact et de glissement en mécanique des roches." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10218.
Повний текст джерелаCarbonnell, Frédéric. "Étude de la prise en compte des effets instationnaires dans les simulations numériques (laminaire/turbulent)." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT110H.
Повний текст джерелаBoudghène-Stambouli, Mustapha-el-Habib. "Analyse physique, modélisation et simulation numérique des écoulements turbulents instationnaires en canal pulsés." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT049H.
Повний текст джерелаPurwanto, Aji. "Modélisation d'écoulements turbulents-basse vitesse à forte variation de masse volumique : application aux schémas de fermeture kappa-epsilon." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT095H.
Повний текст джерелаPeng, Yue-Jun. "Sur les solutions de grande amplitude de certains systèmes hyperboliques de lois de conservation : applications à la dynamique des gaz et des câbles élastiques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10029.
Повний текст джерелаTanimura, Emily. "Structure et dynamique des réseaux sociaux : un essai de modélisation mathématique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0108.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studies the modeling of social interaction networks and analyzes the diffusion of innovations through such networks. It proposes an extension of Watt's Small World networks built upon clusters connected through a few long range links which leads to more realistic topologies while preserving the main features of the original model. This theoretical framework is then applied to the study of diffusion in such small worlds and to the simulation of information transmission. A different model of binary individual choices, inspired by medical treatment prescriptions by physicians is finally analyzed to understand the role of the social network in generating prescription behaviors
Shraim, Hassan. "Modélisation, estimation et contrôle pour la dynamique du véhicule." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30037.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to propose an analytical vehicle model integrating faults in order to facilitate diagnosis and control investigation. The main study is based on three complementary parts : Modelling oriented towards the diagnosis: In this part, we propose an analytical vehicle model integrating faults (model faults). The model is composed of five sub models corresponding to five vehicles. A validation with the simulator ve-DYNA of the proposed model is presented. In this part, we propose also a simulator for vehicle dynamics. Observation, estimation and strategy for driving assistance: In this part, we design an observer for the vehicle allowing to observe the states and to identify uncertain or unknown parameters. The identification of the parameters is done by using new algorithms treating the continuous systems. Based on these identifications, a new strategy for driving assistance is then proposed based. Control: By proposing and validating the vehicle dynamical model, as well as the observer, we are interested in the chassis control. Indeed, we propose in this part, two control techniques are proposed