Статті в журналах: "Denses materials"

1

Rymaszewski, E. J. "Dense, denser, densest ..." Journal of Electronic Materials 18, no. 2 (March 1989): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02657412.

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2

Younes, Rassim, Mohand Amokrane Bradai, Abdelhamid Sadeddine, Youcef Mouadji, and Abderrahim Benabbas. "Influence des post-traitements sur la résistance à l’usure des dépôts en superalliage Ni-Cr-Al-Mo obtenus par projection thermique." Matériaux & Techniques 106, no. 6 (2018): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2019003.

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Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation microstructurale, structurale et mécanique des dépôts métalliques à base Nickel déposés sous forme de poudres par la technique de projection thermique flamme-poudre sur un substrat type E335. Pour améliorer les propriétés de ces dépôts, des traitements thermiques sont préconisés en vue d’homogénéiser ces derniers et permettre d’obtenir de meilleures propriétés mécaniques. Ces post-traitements ont été réalisés à différentes températures 400, 600 et 800 °C avec un temps de maintien d’une heure et un refroidissement à l’air. La caractérisation structurale et microstructurale de la poudre et des dépôts est obtenue en utilisant le microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) et la diffraction X (DRX). Des relevés de micro duretés Vickers ont été également réalisés sur la surface de ces dépôts. Les essais tribologiques ont été réalisés avec une configuration pion-disque à différentes charges avec deux vitesses de glissement en vue de déterminer le taux d’usure. Les observations microstructurales ont montré que les traitements effectués aux températures de 400 et 600 °C ont réduit les porosités en rendant les microstructures plus homogènes et plus denses par le phénomène de colmatage. Par contre, le traitement à 800 °C a présenté un délaminage au niveau de l’interface substrat/dépôt. Les résultats d’usure ont révélé que la vitesse de glissement et la pression de contact appliquée influent sur la variation du taux d’usure et que les dépôts traités à 400 °C présentent une meilleure résistance à l’usure que ceux traités à 600 et 800 °C.

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3

Puckett, James G., Frédéric Lechenault, Karen E. Daniels, and Jean-Luc Thiffeault. "Trajectory entanglement in dense granular materials." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2012, no. 06 (June 19, 2012): P06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2012/06/p06008.

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4

ROGNON, PIERRE G., JEAN-NOËL ROUX, MOHAMED NAAÏM, and FRANÇOIS CHEVOIR. "Dense flows of cohesive granular materials." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 596 (January 17, 2008): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009329.

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Using molecular dynamic simulations, we investigate the characteristics of dense flows of model cohesive grains. We describe their rheological behaviour and its origin at the scale of the grains and of their organization. Homogeneous plane shear flows give access to the constitutive law of cohesive grains which can be expressed by a simple friction law similar to the case of cohesionless grains, but intergranular cohesive forces strongly enhance the resistance to the shear. Then we show the consequence on flows down a slope: a plugged region develops at the free surface where the cohesion intensity is the strongest. Moreover, we measure various indicators of the microstructure within flows which evidence the aggregation of grains owing to cohesion and we analyse the properties of the contact network (force distributions and anisotropy). This provides new insights into the interplay between the local contact law, the microstructure and the macroscopic behavior of cohesive grains. Movies are available with the online version of the paper.

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5

Honaker, R. Q., and C. Bimpong. "Alternative Materials for Dense Medium Separations." International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 29, no. 4 (July 29, 2009): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392690903102329.

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6

Liu, Chuanqi, Qicheng Sun, and Guohua Zhang. "Multiscale properties of dense granular materials." Engineering Computations 32, no. 4 (June 15, 2015): 956–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-04-2014-0084.

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7

Yang, Wen, Nai Qian Feng, Ch’ng Guan Bee, and Xiao Qin Liu. "Research on the Effect of Beads on Properties and Microstructure of Cementing Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1229.

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The paper studied the effects of different contents of beads on powder pressure entity dense packing density, mechanical performance of composite cement paste. The microstructure of the composite paste is researched by SEM analysis and nitrogen adsorption method. The results show that when the beads content is low, the compacting voidage decreases with the increased bead contents. When the beads content is 30%, composite cementing material achieves the densest packing density. The compacting voidage of composite cement powder has strong correlation with the pore structure and strength of hardened cement paste. When the compacting voidage value reaches minimum, the average pore radius and maximum pore radius of hardened cement paste reach the minimum values. In addition, the 28d strength of composite cement paste is higher than ordinary cement paste.

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8

Mohaddes Pour, Mehrdad, and Seyed Sina Razavi Taheri. "Experimental Study of the Aggregate Shapes in Self-Compaction." Shock and Vibration 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7612956.

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Compaction operations have a vital role in embankments or rock fills to avoid settlement, but in some projects, such as marine ones, it is hardly possible to accomplish compaction operations due to the problems and executive limitations. In situations with no possibility of compaction, it is recommended to use single-size or self-compacted materials. From a theoretical point of view, self-compacted materials consist of coarse aggregates with no vast domain of gradation. In this case, the porosity of the materials in the dense state is not significantly different from the loose one, and a relatively dense condition occurs after it is poured; thus, the mass of materials will undergo lower volumetric changes in the future. In this study, the self-compacted characteristic of materials has been investigated using real aggregates with different gradations (the ratio of the largest to the smallest aggregate size of 1, 2, 4, and 8). The gradation and shape of aggregates are the main variables examined in the research. Real aggregates have been used in order to compare the study of self-compacted idea with ideal aggregates and the effects of sphericity and angularity of them. According to the experiments carried out on samples in the present work, it was observed that, without compaction operations, even ideal materials would not be in fully self-compacted state. However, relatively denser conditions can be achieved by observing the necessary points. Moreover, aggregates with high sphericity have better self-compacted property. Furthermore, the more uniform gradation and bigger size of materials lead to more self-compacted pile of materials.

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9

Gibson, Lorna J. "The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 76 (August 8, 2012): 2749–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0341.

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The cell walls in plants are made up of just four basic building blocks: cellulose (the main structural fibre of the plant kingdom) hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. Although the microstructure of plant cell walls varies in different types of plants, broadly speaking, cellulose fibres reinforce a matrix of hemicellulose and either pectin or lignin. The cellular structure of plants varies too, from the largely honeycomb-like cells of wood to the closed-cell, liquid-filled foam-like parenchyma cells of apples and potatoes and to composites of these two cellular structures, as in arborescent palm stems. The arrangement of the four basic building blocks in plant cell walls and the variations in cellular structure give rise to a remarkably wide range of mechanical properties: Young's modulus varies from 0.3 MPa in parenchyma to 30 GPa in the densest palm, while the compressive strength varies from 0.3 MPa in parenchyma to over 300 MPa in dense palm. The moduli and compressive strength of plant materials span this entire range. This study reviews the composition and microstructure of the cell wall as well as the cellular structure in three plant materials (wood, parenchyma and arborescent palm stems) to explain the wide range in mechanical properties in plants as well as their remarkable mechanical efficiency.

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10

Sobczak, Agnieszka, Anna Kida, Zygmunt Kowalski, and Zbigniew Wzorek. "In vitro tests of dense hydroxyapatite materials." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-009-0011-4.

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In vitro tests of dense hydroxyapatite materials The paper presents the results of the calcining process of deproteinised and defatted bone pulp called bone sludge. The calcining process was performed in two stages. The first step of the calcining process was realized at the temperature of 600°C in a rotary kiln. In the second stage the obtained bone ashes were calcined at five different temperatures from 650°C to 950°C for 2 hours in a chamber kiln and in air atmosphere. The products of the calcining process were characterized by the XRD method. Calcium content was determined by titration whereas the contents of total phosphorus and acid-soluble phosphorus - by the spectrophotometric method. The X-ray analysis confirmed that hydroxyapatite is the main component of the calcining products. Calcium and phosphorus contents were kept at the level of 40% and 17.5%, respectively, which corresponded to the Ca/P ratio of not stechiometric hydroxyapatite. In vitro studies, in the simulated body fluid, Ringer liquid and distilled water were realised. The measurements of pH value of SBF and Ringer fluid were realized. Additionally electrical conductivity as well as pH for distilled water where conducted. The goal of these tests was to evaluate chemical durability of dense hydroxyapatite materials.

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11

SUN, QICHENG, FENG JIN, JIANGUO LIU, and GUOHUA ZHANG. "UNDERSTANDING FORCE CHAINS IN DENSE GRANULAR MATERIALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 29 (November 20, 2010): 5743–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210055780.

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When a load is applied to a dense granular material, the stress is largely transmitted by relatively rigid, heavily stressed chains of particles forming a sparse network of larger contact forces. Force chains act as the key determinant of mechanical properties such as stability, elasticity and flowability. To understand the structure and evolution of force chains, related physical processes and three corresponding characteristic time scales are analyzed in this study. We also propose three dimensionless numbers for the measurement of the relative importance of force chains. To solely study the effect of particle surface friction on force chains, uniaxial compression tests of 11,000 equal-sized particles in 2D were numerically simulated using the discrete element method. By proposing three conditions to define a force chain, the chain length distribution is found in the form of a power law. The exponent of 1.744 is independent of the surface friction. Although these results were obtained from partially crystallized jammed packings, they provide new insight into the physical processes and the structure of force chains, and thus will be helpful in the interpretation of force chains in other dense granular systems.

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12

Hu, N. "Shear bands in dense metallic granular materials." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 52, no. 3 (March 2004): 499–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2003.08.003.

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13

Innocente, V., and E. Nagy. "Trajectory fit in presence of dense materials." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 324, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)90992-q.

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14

Zamankhan, Piroz, Tero Tynjälä, William Polashenski, Parsa Zamankhan, and Pertti Sarkomaa. "Stress fluctuations in continuously sheared dense granular materials." Physical Review E 60, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 7149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.60.7149.

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15

Park, K., T. Yamamoto, M. Green, T. Hasegawa, K. Kishio, K. Kitazawa та K. Fueki. "Microstructure of highly dense Ba2YCu3O7-δ superconductive materials". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (6 серпня 1989): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152914.

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Since the breakthrough discoveries by Bednorz and Muller and Wu et al., superconductivity in Cu-O based ceramic materials has been the subject of tremendous research and development interest. In particular, the Ba2YCu3O7-δ type oxide is very important from a practical point of view, since it has a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) around 90K, which is above the liq. N2 boiling temperature.

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16

AOKI, Katsutoshi. "Phenomena Created in Dense Materials at High Pressure." Review of High Pressure Science and Technology 22, no. 4 (2012): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.22.276.

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17

Behringer, R. P. "Jamming, plasticity and diffusion in dense granular materials." PAMM 7, no. 1 (December 2007): 1090603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700490.

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18

Kim, D. Y., R. H. Scheicher, H. k. Mao, T. W. Kang, and R. Ahuja. "General trend for pressurized superconducting hydrogen-dense materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 7 (January 26, 2010): 2793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914462107.

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19

Sun, Qicheng, Feng Jin, and Guohua Zhang. "Mesoscopic properties of dense granular materials: An overview." Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-013-0184-z.

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20

Soleymani, Azita, Piroz Zamankhan, and William Polashenski. "Supersonic dense granular materials in a duct flow." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 22 (May 31, 2004): 4409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1757648.

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21

Shirokova, V., T. Laas, A. Ainsaar, J. Priimets, Ü. Ugaste, B. Väli, V. A. Gribkov, et al. "Armor materials’ behavior under repetitive dense plasma shots." Physica Scripta T161 (May 1, 2014): 014045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2014/t161/014045.

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22

Graziani, T., and A. Bellosi. "Degradation of dense AlN materials in aqueous environments." Materials Chemistry and Physics 35, no. 1 (August 1993): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(93)90174-k.

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23

Perevislov, S. N. "The Formation of Dense Composite Materials Al2O3–SiCw." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 94, no. 5 (May 2021): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427221050165.

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24

Huang, Jian Feng, Fei Deng, Li Yun Cao, Jian Peng Wu, and Hong Jie Luo. "Influence of Infiltration Additives on the Phase, Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of SiC Coating for Graphite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1756–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1756.

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Oxidation resistant SiC coating for graphites was prepared by a pack cementation process with mixture powders of Si, C, SiC and some infiltration additives containing MgO, Al2O3 and Cr2O3. The influence of different infiltration additives on the phase, microstructure and oxidation resistance of SiC coating was primarily investigated. The results showed that adding infiltration additive in the pack powders is helpful for depositing denser SiC coating on graphite substrate; and the coating prepared by using MgO as infiltration additive exhibited better oxidation resistance at high temperature. XRD analyses revealed that SiC coating prepared by adding of MgO as infiltration additive possessed more free silicon; and the SEM analyses displayed that the free silicon could effectively fill the small holes of the SiC coating, which resulted in a perfect dense surface structure of SiC coating. Oxidation test showed that the as-prepared SiC coating could effectively protect graphite materials at 1500oC for 200 hours and the corresponding weight loss of the coated graphite was only 0.13%.

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25

Albuquerque, Larissa Maria Monteiro de, Camila Carla de Andrade Silva, Wenys Cláudio Gomes da Silva, and Ana Cláudia da Silva Araújo. "Comparação clínica e radiológica de pulpotomia em dentes decíduos com formocresol, MTA e biodentine." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 13 (October 18, 2021): e447101321492. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21492.

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Introdução: O processo de pulpotomia convencionalmente é feito com formocresol, porém, devido as suas características mutagênicas, novos materiais obturadores foram desenvolvidos como alternativa. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura de forma integrativa a respeito do material obturador mais adequado para pulpotomia de dentes decíduos. Metodologia: A busca ocorreu nas bases de dados Pubmed e Medline, por meio dos descritores: “child”, “children”, “primary teeth”, “tooth, deciduous”, “primary tooth”, "pulpotomy", "pediatric dentistry", "endodontics", "root canal filling materials", "materials", "material", "biodentine", "mineral trioxide aggregate", "formocresol", "formocresols", "cytotoxicity", "biocompatible materials", "biocompatibility", "radiopacity", "radiographic" e "radiography, dental". Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos, estudos retrospectivos e estudos prospectivos, publicados entre 2016 e 2021, em inglês ou português. Os critérios de exclusão foram teses, dissertações, monografias, cartas ao editor, livros e revisões de literatura. Resultados: A pesquisa resultou em 9 estudos de ambas as bases de dados, com maior prevalência de ensaios clínicos. Conclusão: O material mais recomendado para realização de pulpotomias em dentes decíduos é o Biodentine e Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, devendo a escolha ser feita de acordo com o critério do profissional e caso do paciente. É preciso que seja considerado os custos e colaboração do paciente durante o tratamento.

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26

Nicholas, Jason, Lutgard C. De Jonghe, and Craig P. Jacobson. "Sintering of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.549.

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The synthesis of multilayer membranes for solid oxide fuel cells by means of co-firing requires choice of compatible materials as well as a precise balance between densification rates of the various layers throughout the densification process. One attractive practical objective is the formation of dense electrolyte films on invariant, preformed electrode substrates, such as porous electrodes of either ceramic or metal conductors. The formation of dense 10-20 micrometer thick Ceria-based membranes on invariant substrates has been achieved by adjusting of the film sintering properties trough selection of particle size, initial density, and novel sintering additives. The accompanying theory pertaining to constrained sintering is examined, to determine the conditions under which fully dense electrolyte layers can be produced on invariant or minimally variant substrates.

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27

Mohammed, Abd El–Naser A., Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, and Abd El–Fattah A. Saad. "Thermal Sensitivity Coefficients of the Fabrication Materials Based A thermal Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) in Wide Area Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Networks." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (2009): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2009.v1.23.

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28

Takemura, Taro, Hong Song Fan, Toshiyuki Ikoma, M. Tanaka, and Nobutaka Hanagata. "Gene Expression Profile of Osteoblast-Like Cells on Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 1087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.1087.

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Gene expression profile of osteoblast-like cells cultured on dense disk materials and porous materials of calcium phosphate ceramics was constructed from DNA microarray analyses. The profile revealed that gene expression patterns of porous materials were significantly different from those of dense disk materials. The porous materials had a capacity to induce expressions of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation, while dense disk materials regulated gene expressions related to osteoclastogenesis.

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29

Kimura, Hiroshi. "Process Design for Fully Dense Consolidation of Mechanically Alloyed Powders with Non-equilibrium Phases." Materia Japan 33, no. 7 (1994): 948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.33.948.

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30

S, Sonika, Nivetha R, Esther Nalini H, Arun Kumar Prasad P, and Renuka Devi R. "INFLUENCE OF RBC COUNT AND HAEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION ON PLATELET RICH FIBRIN NETWORK AMOMG DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AND GENDER- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY." Thai Moogambigai Journal Of Periodontics and Dental Science 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37841/tmjpds_2020_v1_i1_04.

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AIM: To determine the influence of RBC count and hemoglobin concentration on the density of PRF network among individuals of different age groups and gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 82 individuals were divided into three groups based on their age, Group 1: 20-30 years, Group 2: 30-45 years, & Group 3: 45-60 years. 3-4 ml of venous blood samples were collected, PRF were prepared and it was subjected to histological analysis to determine the age and gender related changes in the density of PRF network. Hematological parameters such as Hb concentration and RBC count were also evaluated and correlated with the density of PRF network. RESULTS: Group 1 showed predominantly dense fibrin network, Group 2 showed mixed pattern including both dense and loose fibrin network and Group 3 showed predominantly loose fibrin network. However the difference in fibrin network among different age groups was not statistically significant (p value-0.14). Among the gender, males showed dense fibrin network compared to females which was statistically significant with p value-0.03. There was no statistically significant correlation between RBC count and density of fibrin network with p value-0.11. There was a statistically significant correlation between Hb level and density of fibrin network with p value-0.05. CONCLUSION: The PRF which is widely used in periodontal regenerative therapy differ in densities between male (dense network) and female (loose network). It is found to be denser in individuals with high hemoglobin concentration.

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31

Zhou, Yanmin, Adam Robinson, Ullrich Steiner, and Walter Federle. "Insect adhesion on rough surfaces: analysis of adhesive contact of smooth and hairy pads on transparent microstructured substrates." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 98 (September 6, 2014): 20140499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0499.

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Insect climbing footpads are able to adhere to rough surfaces, but the details of this capability are still unclear. To overcome experimental limitations of randomly rough, opaque surfaces, we fabricated transparent test substrates containing square arrays of 1.4 µm diameter pillars, with variable height (0.5 and 1.4 µm) and spacing (from 3 to 22 µm). Smooth pads of cockroaches ( Nauphoeta cinerea ) made partial contact (limited to the tops of the structures) for the two densest arrays of tall pillars, but full contact (touching the substrate in between pillars) for larger spacings. The transition from partial to full contact was accompanied by a sharp increase in shear forces. Tests on hairy pads of dock beetles ( Gastrophysa viridula ) showed that setae adhered between pillars for larger spacings, but pads were equally unable to make full contact on the densest arrays. The beetles' shear forces similarly decreased for denser arrays, but also for short pillars and with a more gradual transition. These observations can be explained by simple contact models derived for soft uniform materials (smooth pads) or thin flat plates (hairy-pad spatulae). Our results show that microstructured substrates are powerful tools to reveal adaptations of natural adhesives for rough surfaces.

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32

Liu, Daren, and David L. Henann. "Size-dependence of the flow threshold in dense granular materials." Soft Matter 14, no. 25 (2018): 5294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00843d.

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A size-dependent flow threshold is measured in discrete-element method simulations of dense granular flow across several different flow configurations and may be quantitatively captured using a nonlocal continuum model for dense granular flow.

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33

Zientara, Dariusz, Mirosław M. Bućko та Jerzy Lis. "Dense γ-Alon Materials Derived from SHS Synthesized Powders". Advances in Science and Technology 45 (жовтень 2006): 1052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1052.

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Dense polycrystalline aluminium oxynitride with spinel structure, γ-alon, is noted for its excellent thermal properties, high-temperature mechanical properties, low dielectric constant, thermal expansion coefficients and intrinsic transparency extending from ultraviolet to mid-infrared wavelengths. The conventional way for synthesis of γ-alon powder is high-temperature reaction of aluminium nitride and corundum in pure nitrogen or a vacuum. The dense materials are made by reactive pressureless sintering or hot-pressing of a powder compact. This work is focused on preparation of γ-alon materials derived from SHS synthesized powders. The powders for sintering were synthesized from mixtures of aluminium and corundum powders of different proportions. The products of the SHS synthesis were composed mostly of γ-alon and aluminium nitride with small amount of non-reacted substrates. Ground powders were hot-pressed at 1750, 1850 and 1950°C for 1 h under 25 MPa in nitrogen flow. Such procedure allowed dense material composed of pure γ-alon with good mechanical properties to obtain.

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34

Mizgulin, Viacheslav Vladimirovich, Radi Mihailovich Kadushnikov, D. M. Alievsky, and V. M. Alievsky. "The modeling of dense materials with spherepolyhedra packing method." Computer Research and Modeling 4, no. 4 (December 2012): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/2076-7633-2012-4-4-757-766.

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35

Manski, Julita M., Atze J. van der Goot, and Remko M. Boom. "Formation of Fibrous Materials from Dense Calcium Caseinate Dispersions." Biomacromolecules 8, no. 4 (April 2007): 1271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm061008p.

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36

Ragulya, A. V., and V. V. Skorokhod. "Validity of rate-controlled sintering of dense nanocrystalline materials." Metal Powder Report 53, no. 7-8 (July 1998): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(98)85126-6.

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37

Burg, Joseph A., and Reinhold H. Dauskardt. "Elastic and thermal expansion asymmetry in dense molecular materials." Nature Materials 15, no. 9 (June 27, 2016): 974–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4674.

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38

Khoshini, Mohammad, Arman Khoshghalb, and Nasser Khalili. "Compressive behaviour of very dense structured granular geo-materials." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199209002.

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The isotropic compression behaviour of dense structured geo-materials and the associated degradation at failure is addressed in a non-qualitative manner. To this end, the general behaviour of fully de-structured geo-materials, e.g. sands, as an accepted reference is thoroughly investigated. The parameters affecting the behaviour of de-structured materials such as mineralogy, gradation and fines content, and relative density are discussed. The isotropic compression behaviour of a weathered weak sandstone, representative of a structured granular geo-material, is then investigated along the isotropic compression stress path under a range of pressures from nil to 100 MPa. Both structured and fully de-structured states of the material are tested implementing the proposed quantification method. The effect of structure on the compressibility of the material is found to be tangible. By plotting the specific volume versus natural log of the mean effective stress, the onset of structure collapse and the successive degradation of the structure are captured. By increasing the pressure, compaction bands throughout the sample increasingly develop and the compression curve asymptotically approaches to that of the fully degraded state of the material. At elevated pressures, the rate of compressibility will increase significantly due to particle crushing.

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39

Smirnov, Andrey, Sergey Ponomarev, and Alexander Vasin. "Dense Packing of Poly-Fractional Powder of Ceramic Materials." Materials Today: Proceedings 11 (2019): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.01.021.

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40

Bowman, Elisabetht, and Kenichi Soga. "Creep, Ageing and Microstructural Change in Dense Granular Materials." Soils and Foundations 43, no. 4 (August 2003): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.43.4_107.

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41

Liu, Jianguo, Qicheng Sun, and Feng Jin. "Visualization of force networks in 2D dense granular materials." Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-010-0003-8.

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42

Sutjiadi-Sia, Y., P. Jaeger, and R. Eggers. "Interfacial tension of solid materials against dense carbon dioxide." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 320, no. 1 (April 2008): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.12.021.

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43

Qian, S. "Comments on “Trajectory fit in presence of dense materials”." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 336, no. 1-2 (November 1993): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)91127-9.

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44

Ma, Gang, Richard A. Regueiro, Wei Zhou, and Jiaying Liu. "Spatiotemporal analysis of strain localization in dense granular materials." Acta Geotechnica 14, no. 4 (June 14, 2018): 973–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0685-y.

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45

Palmqvist, Lisa, Karin Lindqvist, and Chris Shaw. "Porous Multilayer PZT Materials Made by Aqueous Tape Casting." Key Engineering Materials 333 (March 2007): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.333.215.

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Porous piezoelectric ceramics are of interest for hydrophones and medical imaging because of their enhanced coupling with water or biological tissue due to acoustic impedance matching. Multilayer lead zirconate titanate (PZT) substrates with dense and porous interlayers were produced by tape casting of aqueous PZT slips with high solids contents. The use of latex binders with low viscosity enabled addition of starch as a fugitive additive to create air/ceramic composites with ´3-3´connectivity. Microstructures, piezoelectric and mechanical properties of sintered, poled laminates were evaluated. The relative permittivity, ε33, decreased by 40% for laminates with porous interlayers compared to dense ones, whereas the relative decrease in piezoelectric longitudinal coefficient, d33, was 35%. Laminates with porous interlayers maintained 72% of their bending strength compared to dense ones.

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46

Zheng, Xiao Hui, Chun Yu Wang, Song Tao Ding, and Chi Yong Liang. "Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Celsian/Yttrium Silicate Oxidation Resistant Coatings for C/SiC Composite." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.882.

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A novel celsian/yttrium silicate coating was deposited on carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (C/SiC) composite, using BaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (BAS) glass andY2O3 powder as starting materials. The effects of sintering temperatures on microstructure and performance of coatings were studied. The results show that the final phases of sintered coatings are composed of celsian, yttrium silicate and remnant glass. The coating are dense, crack-free and pore-free in macroscopic scales when sintered at temperatures above 1400°C. The crystal grains in the coating grow too large, and the coating is loose in microstructure when sintered at temperatures higher than 1450°C. The coated samples sintered at 1450°C for 30min, which have the densest morphology and microstructure, have the lowest weight loss of 0.13 % after oxidation at 1500°C for 90 min.

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47

Peszkin, P. N., R. J. Raymakers, R. S. Feigelson, L. V. Moulton, and Z. Lu. "Processing of Bi2.1Sr1.8Ca1.1Cu2O8 source material for float-zone fiber growth." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 11 (November 1991): 2280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2280.

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Bi2.1Sr1.8Cu2O8 fibers having excellent superconducting properties can be grown by a laser-heated float zone process. In order to maintain stable growth conditions and thereby obtain fibers free of diameter fluctuations and voids, dense ceramic starting material containing only the 2212 phase is required. In this study various processing parameters, including calcining and sintering temperatures and times, grain size of the powders used, and pressing pressures were optimized to yield dense, chemically homogeneous starting material. It was found that under most conditions there was no increase in the density on sintering. Retrograde densification was the usual situation except at higher pressures and was found to depend on pressing pressure, calcination history, and sintering temperature. Cold-pressing at higher pressures (100000 psi) yielded denser but chemically inhomogeneous material. Ceramic samples sintered for long times (>48 h) yielded source rods that produced instabilities during fiber growth, presumably due to preferential loss of mass during sintering.

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48

Wu, Zhi Yuan, Kang Zhang, Xiu Jian Tang, Xin Li Tian, and S. H. Wang. "Study on the Cutting Process for Remanufacture Deposited Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.200.

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. The systematic experiments for cutting remanufacture deposited materials have been finished. The results show that the deposited materials can be divided into two parts on the view of machining process:surface layer and dense layer. One of the distinctive features on surface layer is impacts to cutting tools in the process. And the process of dense layer cutting is similar with homogeneous material. On the basis of above, the paper puts forward the method which adopts different processing phases for deposited materials.

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49

Wang, Shixing, Jian He, and Zhaolu Xue. "Preparation, Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Plasma-Sprayed (Y0.8Gd0.2)3Al5O12 Coatings." Coatings 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040510.

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Garnet-type rare earth aluminate compounds are one class of promising potential candidate materials for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In this paper, (Y0.8Gd0.2)3Al5O12 (GYAG) coatings are fabricated by air plasma spraying, with the microstructure, high-temperature phase stability, and thermal conductivity investigated. The results showed that the as-deposited GYAG coating was relatively dense, and contained garnet-type (Y0.8Gd0.2)3Al5O12 phase and a small amount of (Y,Gd)AlO3 and amorphous phases. The crystallized GYAG coating exhibited good phase stability from room temperature to 1450 °C. The coating had the lowest thermal conductivity of 1.17 W·m−1·K−1 at 800 °C, approximately 15% lower than that of the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coating. After heat treatment at 1100 °C, the coating became denser with some fine grain precipitation, and formed a number of transverse and longitudinal cracks.

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50

Li, Li, Xuan Liu, Shyam Pal, Shulan Wang, Christopher K. Ober, and Emmanuel P. Giannelis. "Extreme ultraviolet resist materials for sub-7 nm patterning." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 16 (2017): 4855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00080d.

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