Дисертації з теми "Demographic and social correlates"
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1
Boyda, David. "Trauma and psychosis : the complex interaction between demographic, behavioural, and social correlates." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The modern conceptualization of schizophrenia is flawed. An accumulating body of research has challenged psychiatry's perspective on psychosis. It is no longer accepted that schizophrenia and spectrum disorders are a categorical phenomenon whereby the presence of psychotic symptoms are indicative of psychopathology that lead to poor outcomes (Ahmed, Buckley, & Mabe, 2012). Evidence from a litany of studies indicates that psychosis is better conceptualized dimensionally than categorically. Evidence shows that psychotic symptoms manifest along a continuum of severity long before the development of a diagnosable illness (Dominguez, Wichers, Lieb, Wittchen, & van Os, 2011a). Therefore, the psychosis continuum is maybe better thought of a 'risk pathway' where individuals may transiently move between infrequent but non distressing psychotic-like symptoms (PLEs) to persistent distressing psychotic-like symptoms (PLSs) and finally to functional impairment due to the persistent of distressing symptoms. Moving between these states may be contingent on biological, psychological, and social factors and the influence of the social environment including individual resilience to stress (Tamminga, 2010) . This thesis tests the psychosis continuum by modelling the latent structure of psychosis in a non-clinical sample using confirmatory factor analysis. The findings from chapter 2 suggest that the latent structure of psychosis is best represented by a five factor strucuture. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 examine how various demographic, behavioural, and social correlates can influence the expression of these experiences. The findings suggest that risk factors which are typically associated with clinical samples have the same capacity to influence psychopathology, and sub-clinical psychotic symptoms, thus lending weight to the proposition that a 'risk pathway' may well indeed exist. Chapters 5 and 6 then examine the relationship between different forms of adversity, psychotic-like experiences, and proposed intermediary mechanisms (i.e. perception of threat, salience, top-down, and bottom-up processing); factors which may help influence the expression of such symptoms. In closing, this thesis advances traditional perspectives on trauma and psychosis and demonstrates that from a social and behavioural perspective, subclinical psychosis can also manifest from lesser forms of adversity and not just severe trauma such as physical and sexual abuse.
2
Kubrin, Charis Elizabeth. "Neighborhood structure and criminal homicide : socio-economic and demographic correlates of homicide types and trends /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8879.
Повний текст джерела
3
Wishnick, Hillary M. "DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF ENTRY INTO THE PUBLIC SECTOR MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990545283.
Повний текст джерела
4
Tatum, Jerry Lee. "Rape myth acceptance, hypermasculinity, and demographic characteristics as correlates of moral development: Understanding sexually aggressive attitudes in first year college men." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Male perpetrated sexual aggression has long been recognized as a serious problem on college campuses. The purpose of this Multiple Regression Correlation research design study was to assess the relationship between levels of moral development (measured by the Defining Issues Test) and the degree to which first year college men (N = 161) ascribed to rape supportive attitudes. Rape supportive attitudes, for the purposes of this study, included assessed levels of rape myth endorsements (measured by the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale [IRMA]) and hypermasculinity (measured by the Hypermasculinity Inventory). Respondents completed three research instruments and a demographic questionnaire prior to the beginning of the fall semester. Analysis of whether there was a significant relationship between (a) levels of rape myth endorsements and moral development, (b) hypermasculinity and moral development, and (c) the extent that rape myths, hypermasculinity, and SAT verbal/quantitative scores predicted moral development levels was conducted. Pearson correlations indicated that there was a significant (p < .01) relationship between rape myth acceptance and moral development. There was not a significant (p = .241) relationship between hypermasculinity and moral development. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that rape myths and SAT verbal scores accounted for 9% of moral development variance. Additional stepwise analysis suggested that the IRMA subscale, It wasn't really rape, in combination with SAT verbal scores, accounted for approximately 10% of moral development variance. Exploratory analysis on demographic characteristics was also conducted. Implications for practitioners and research suggestions are provided.
5
Linville, Brent. "A Biogeographic Analysis of the Socially Polyphenic Spider Anelosimus studiosus in East Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microclimates associated with environmental and geographic factors directly affect the ability of an organism to survive in a particular area. Survival is affected by: predator/prey abundance, temperature, relative humidity. A group of organisms that are particularly prone to habitat sensitivity are web-building spiders, because building the web commits them to a particular site for a period of time. Anelosimus studiosus is a small (~8 mm) Theridiid spider that exhibits varying degrees of sociality: a subsocial phenotype and a social phenotype. Population densities of A. studiosus vary significantly among seemingly suitable habitats within its range in east Tennessee. I conducted a large-scale survey of east Tennessee lake systems to establish connections between spider presence and geographic features such as aspect, slope and elevation. These geographic features were shown to have a strong impact on overall spider density.
6
Levy, Justin. "Personality and demographic correlates of effective retail sales managers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of personality traits in the determination of an individual’s future job performance is considered to be a valid measure that offers organisations the ability to carry out career planning, pre-employment selection and promotional testing amongst other uses. The incorrect placement of an individual has negative implications on the business that manifest themselves in different forms but the most prevalent is that of the loss of productivity and increased costs. This study was carried out in the hope of producing an additional measure in the identification of the most suitable candidates for a sales management position.The study was conducted utilising a qualitative research design. A total of (n) = 218 respondents took part in this study and completed the research instrument. The statistical tests that were conducted are that of correlation and linear regression testing between the identified independent and dependent variables.The results produced from the study corroborate the use of personality traits as a predictor of an individual’s future job performance is flawed. It was determined that the dimensions of the big five personality traits were not correlated to, nor could not offer any predictive ability with the required level of significance that of the dependent variables.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
7
Wallmann-Sperlich, B., J. Bucksch, S. Hansen, Peter Schantz, and I. Froboese. "Sitting time in Germany : An analysis of socio-demographic and environmental correlates." Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-18977.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Sedentary behaviour in general and sitting time in particular is an emerging global health concern. The aim of this study was to provide data on the prevalence of sitting time in German adults and to examine socio-demographic and environmental correlates of sitting time. Methods. A representative sample of German adults (n = 2000; 967 men, 1033 women; 49.3 ±17.6 years of age) filled in the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, including one question on overall sitting time and answered questions about the neighbourhood environment, as well as concerning demographics. Daily sitting time was stratified by gender, age group, BMI, educational and income level, as well as physical activity (PA). To identify socio-demographic and environmental correlates of sitting time, we used a series of linear regressions. Results: The overall median was 5 hours (299 minutes) of sitting time/day and men sat longer than women (5 vs. 4 hours/day; p < 0.05). In both genders age and PA were negatively and the educational level positively associated with sitting time. The level of income was not a correlate of sitting time in multivariate analyses. Sitting time was significantly positively associated with higher neighbourhood safety for women. The variance of the multivariate model ranged from 16.5% for men to 8.9% for women. Conclusions: The overall sitting time was unequally distributed in the German adult population. Our findings suggest implementing specific interventions to reduce sitting time for subgroups such as men, younger aged adults and adults with a higher education and lower PA. Future studies should enhance our understanding of the specific correlates of different types and domains of sitting in order to guide the development of effective public health strategies.:doi 10.1186/1471-2458-13-196
8
Sharma, Acharya Eva. "Assessment of nicotine dependence and its demographic correlates among African American smokers." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.P.H.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Public and Community Health. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Katz, Laura. "EXPLORING DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/170310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
School PsychologyPh.D.
Contemporary research suggests that multiple criteria, including SES, ethnicity, first and second language proficiency levels, language dominance, immigrant and/or generational status, acculturation status, and educational placement history predict ELL student achievement levels (Abedi, 2008). However, the majority of states do not examine these factors and instead use a combination of the Home Language Survey (HLS) plus an English language proficiency test for screening and identification, though it is debated if these instruments adequately measure the type of language proficiency needed to be successful in mainstream classrooms (O'Malley & Pierce, 1994). Because of these findings, it seems that multiple criteria are important to examine when screening students for English Language Learner (ELL) placement. It is hypothesized that a more detailed classification system will better predict students' academic language abilities as part of a universal screening effort, and truly identify those at most need for specialized language support. The present study uses a correlational design to examine the relationship between a parent interview form, the Bilingual Parent Interview (BPI) and students' language proficiency scores in both their native and second languages, as well as their academic achievement. It was hypothesized that the multiple criteria assessed with the BPI would be more associated with language proficiency abilities and academic achievement than the HLS. English-Language Learners (ELLs; n= 42) in grades two through five were targeted for participation. Families were recruited from a public elementary school in a city in Southern California. Record reviews were conducted to collect parents' responses on the HLS and the BPI, as well as students' language proficiency scores on the California English Language Development Test (CELDT), the Language Assessment Scales Links Español, and the Preschool Language Assessment Scales 2000 Español 2000 (Pre-LAS 2000). In addition, students' academic achievement based upon the California STAR program was also collected. It was anticipated that items on the BPI would better correlate students' language abilities and academic achievement than those from the HLS. However, it was determined that the HLS better correlated with measures of English Language Proficiency and Spanish Language Proficiency, therefore providing initial support for the validity of this measure. Examination of the socio-cultural factors related to the language abilities and academic outcomes of at-risk ELL students expands upon efforts to identify students in need of remedial support as part of an early prevention model. In addition, the assessment of language proficiency and achievement data in both English and Spanish extends the effort to discriminate between endogenous learning disabilities and language delays resulting from second language acquisition amongst ELL children who struggle academically.
Temple University--Theses
10
Sherman, Elisabeth Mary Suzanne. "Neuropsychological correlates of social skills." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9778.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Case studies and a small number of group studies in the neuropsychological
literature on adults and children with brain dysfunction suggest that certain
cognitive skills are important determinants of social skills. However, standardised
measures of social skills designed expressly to measure this construct have not
been used previously in the neuropsychological field. The goal of this study was to
determine neuropsychological correlates of social skills in children referred for
neuropsychological assessment, and compare the findings to the cognitive skills
identified in social information processing models from developmental and clinical
psychology. In younger children (6 to 9 years), only a measure of conceptual
ability was related to social skills. However, from a clinical standpoint, differences
in conceptual skills between socially impaired and socially skilled children were
minimal. In older children (10 to 13 years), sustained attention and verbal
reasoning were strong, unique predictors of social skills. However, only
differences in sustained attention between socially skilled and unskilled children
were clinically significant. Results were discussed with regards to 1) social
information processing models, 2) the effect of age on the cognitive correlates of
social skills; and 3) the relationship between insight and social skills.Graduate
11
Quadflieg, Susanne. "The Neural Correlates Of Social Stereotyping." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Judging people on the basis of cultural stereotypes is a ubiquitous facet of daily life, yet little is known about how this fundamental inferential strategy is implemented in the brain. In the current thesis, this important issue was addressed across a series of three functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments in the context of gender stereotyping. In Experiment 1, participants read short descriptions of everyday and leisure activities (e.g., play poker) and decided whether these activities were preferentially done by men, women, or equally likely to be undertaken by both sexes. In Experiment 2, participants judged whether a series of gender-stereotypic and non-stereotypic words (e.g., bubbly) could ever be descriptive of a preceding target person. In Experiment 3, participants categorised target individuals who were displayed in gender-congruent or incongruent occupational roles according to sex (e.g. a male vs. a female sailor). By analysing participants’ neural response during these tasks it was found that the neural substrates involved in stereotyping differed depending on what kind of stereotype content was probed (e.g., items of apparel, activities, traits). It was also observed that the neural signature of stereotyping differentiated between target individuals depending on whether they were deemed less or more typical of their respective category. Further analyses revealed that violations of stereotypic expectations impeded the efficiency of core person perception areas to form a coherent person percept. These findings begin to elucidate how stereotyping fits within the neuroscience of person perception and understanding. Whether interindividual differences in gender attitudes can modify the neural correlates of stereotyping, however, remains an issue of debate due to unequivocal findings in the current set of experiments.
12
Cotterill, Rachel. "Identifying stylometric correlates of social power." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15513/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis takes a stylometric approach to the measurement of social power, particularly hierarchical power in an organisational setting. Following the social constructionist view of identity, we infer that construction of identity is an ongoing process incorporating the full scope of human behaviour, including linguistic behaviour. We test the primary hypothesis that stylistic choice in language is indicative of power relations, and that a stylometric signal can be extracted from natural language to enable prediction of relationship status. Additionally, we consider the effect of individual variation versus interpersonal variation, and the effects of aggregating predictions to boost the predictive strength of the model. Three different datasets are used to validate the proposed approach across three different genres: email, spoken conversation, and online chat. We also present a vector space approach to modelling linguistic style accommodation, and undertake a preliminary examination of the correlation between linguistic accommodation and social power.
13
SAKAMOTO, JUNICHI, HIDEKI KASUYA, NODIRA ZAKIROVA, OYBEK RUSTAMOV, MD HARUN-OR-RASHID, and IZATULLA JUMAYEV. "SOCIAL CORRELATES OF FEMALE INFERTILITY IN UZBEKISTAN." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16738.
Повний текст джерела
14
Almond, Lindsey, Julianne McGill, and Francesca Adler-Baeder. "Demographic Variations in Mindfulness Levels." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the health and relational benefits associated with mindfulness, interest has increased in researching the topic. Typically, samples have been more homogeneous with no attention given to variations in mindfulness levels that may exist based on individuals’ characteristics. Therefore, this study assessed levels of three facets of mindfulness – non-reactivity, awareness, and non-judgement - with 1796 diverse individuals. Results indicate differences in mean level of non-reactivity based on sex, education level, income, and relationship status, with higher levels, on average, for males, individuals without a high school degree, individuals with an annual salary of $75,000+, and married individuals; differences in mean level of awareness based on sex and race, with higher levels, on average, for females and white individuals; and differences in mean level of non-judgement based on income, with higher levels, on average, for low income individuals. Findings highlight the value of considering social address in mindfulness studies.
15
Navarro, Christine. "Sexually transmitted diseases and their socio-demographic and behavioural correlates in Canada: National Population Health Survey, 1996-1997." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8963.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examines the two-year period prevalences and gender-specific correlates for self-reported gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital warts among 43,192 sexually experienced Canadians aged 15 to 59 years in the 1996--97 National Population Health Survey. Reporting multiple partners in the past year was consistently related to higher prevalences of STD. Regular alcohol consumption was a potential indicator of a higher risk lifestyle that places men and women at increased risk for chlamydia and genital herpes. Canadian-born respondents were significantly more likely to report STD, which may be a result of respondent error. Gender, age, and age at first intercourse were also important correlates, acting as both direct risk factors influencing susceptibility and as markers of higher risk sexual activity. Although the survey relies on self-reports of STD experience, in combination with clinic-based studies and surveillance it can be a useful tool for targeting prevention strategies for the general population.
16
Goldammer, Lori. "Bullying in Georgia Schools: Demographic Profiles and Psychosocial Correlates of Students Who Would Intervene in a Bullying Situation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While researchers have assessed the prevalence and health impact of bullying, there are still relatively few successful interventions and strategies implemented to reduce and prevent bullying. A particular promising area is to know more about students who may be willing to intervene in a bullying situation, which is the focus of this thesis. Using the data from the Georgia Student Health Survey II (GSHS 2006) (n=175,311) an empirical analyses of students who state that they are willing to intervene in a bullying situation, their demographic characteristics and psychosocial attributes will be examined. The survey administered to students across Georgia in grades 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th measured the number of students who reported being a bully-victim, bully or a victim of bullying, and their likelihood to engage in risky behaviors.
The results demonstrated students who were white and were girls were most likely to intervene in bullying situations. Grade level was not significant when it involved intervening, but was an important marker for the co-occurrence of bully-victims. One compelling finding is that the bully subgroup was most likely to always intervene. School climate factors such as success in school, clear expectations and liking school were significant indicators of willingness to intervene.
These findings assist researchers and schools to better understand the characteristics of students who are willing to intervene and school factors that may promote students likelihood of intervening. These findings may guide how bullying is addressed in Georgia schools, and underscore the importance of providing safe school climates.
17
Thwaites, Charlene Louise. "Neural correlates of verbal fluency and associations with demographic, mood, cognitive and tumour factors in brain tumour patients." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22711/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Verbal fluency tests are one of the most commonly used measures of executive functioning in neuropsychological testing and play an important role in the assessment, diagnosis and care planning of patients with a variety of conditions, including brain tumour. There is little conclusive evidence about which factors may influence verbal fluency outcomes. No studies to date have investigated the interactions between a comprehensive range of demographic variables, mood scores, tumour factors and key cognitive skills with the focus of verbal fluency outcomes in brain tumour patients. Similarly, clarification is required across studies assessing the localisation effects of verbal fluency skills. To address these gaps in the evidence base this study used a retrospective cohort design of cross-sectional data from patients with brain tumours, to investigate their performance of both phonemic and semantic verbal fluency. More specifically this study used simple linear and multiple regression calculations to analyse the interactions between these variables and other potentially important factors such as localisation, depression and anxiety (using the HADS), age, gender, education, premorbid functioning (using the TOPF), semantic memory (using the GNT), and tumour type. The results showed that an increase in phonemic fluency performance was significantly correlated with being educated, an increase in semantic memory, and an increase in premorbid functioning. Phonemic fluency was also significantly correlated with localisation. In general, a decrease in phonemic fluency was significantly associated with tumours in the left frontal lobe. An increase in semantic fluency was correlated with an increase in semantic memory. No other factors showed significant associations with phonemic or semantic fluency. The outcomes from the hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that localisation, gender, education, tumour type, depression, semantic memory, and premorbid functioning when combined can predict phonemic fluency variance. Combining localisation effects, semantic memory, depression and education together do not result in a model that predicts semantic fluency, as within this model the only significant relationship was between semantic memory and semantic fluency. These findings show that, for brain tumour patients, it is important to take into consideration tumour localisation, education, semantic memory, and premorbid functioning when assessing and care planning for deteriorations in phonemic fluency. Similar patients with deteriorations in semantic fluency need to have their results considered in light of performance in semantic memory tests.
18
Craig, Douglas E. "Perfectionism in Social Anxiety: Cognitive and Behavioral Correlates." DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety in general as well as social phobia, specifically. Subjects completed the Personal Standards Scale, the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale, and the Social Phobia and Agoraphobia Inventory. Results indicated that neurotic perfectionism is positively associated with both general social anxiety and social phobia. Moreover, the neurotic elements of perfectionism -- "concern over making mistakes" and "doubts about actions" -- appeared to be better predictors of social anxiety than high performance standards alone. Differences between social phobia and social anxiety secondary to agoraphobia as related to perfectionism were addressed, and directions for future research are discussed.
19
Harman, Amy Lynn Andersen. "Correlates of Marital Stability in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2650.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the relationship between marital stability and social support and negative interactions in Utah. Past research indicates that negative behavioral interactions have a negative correlation with marital stability. Past research also indicates that support of one's marriage positively correlates with marital stability. The data were taken from the Utah Marriage Movement Statewide Baseline survey. The total sample for this study included 886 married men and women over the age of 18. Spearman's rho correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results of the study show that negative interactions had a negative correlation with marital stability. Social support was shown to positively correlate with marital stability to a small degree. Demographic variables of gender and educations were also analyzed. The correlation between negative interactions and marital stability was the strongest of the variables.
20
Hansen, Ryan W. "Social Media Correlates of Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms, Worry, and Social Anxiety." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1482421602020119.
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Mansoor, Sadia. "Demographic diversity and outcomes: A multilevel study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/209949/1/Sadia_Mansoor_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a step forward in understanding the effects of demographic diversity (age, gender and ethnicity) through proposing an integrated multilevel framework at individual and group levels of analysis. The framework was tested using a time-lagged research design in the banking sector of Pakistan. The findings suggest managers to understand the nesting phenomenon within work groups, demonstrate efforts to establish positive communication, and enhance social integration among workgroup members. Moreover, diversity training efforts need to focus on perceptions of gender diversity and age diversity to capitalise on their benefits.
22
Ali, Akbar Rahmani. "Effective demographic, economic and social factors on fertility in Iran." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323948.
Повний текст джерела
23
Chappus, Francine T. "The social correlates of type A behavior in children." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7913.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether children classified as Type A and Type B differed on a number of measures of social functioning. A total of 176 children from grades 4 and 6 participated in the study. The entire sample of children was asked to fill out the Hunter-Wolf A/B Rating Scale, a self-report measure of Type A behavior, and the Children's Social Support Scale, a self-report measure of the availability of social support from significant others and of the quality of available support. The Pupil Evaluation Inventory, which provides peer nominations of Aggression, Withdrawal, and Likeability, was also administered. A subsample of 50 children were observed during free play at recess. Results indicated that children classified as Type A were evaluated by their peers as higher on aggression than their Type B counterparts. There was no significant difference between the two groups on peer-rated likeability or withdrawal. Type A children also indicated that the quality of their available social support was significantly poorer than that reported by Type B children. While Type A children's social support did not differ as a function of grade level, Type B children in grade 6 reported significantly more social support than Type B children in grade 4 or Type A children in grade 6. Females reported significantly more social support available to them than did males, and males received higher scores on aggression. While Type A children in grades 4 and 6 did not differ in the amount of low-involvement watching behavior engaged in, Type B children in grade 4 displayed significantly more watching behavior than Type As at the same grade level or than Type B children in grade 6. Implications of the results were discussed with reference to the social consequences of Type A behavior and suggestions for future research were noted.
24
Shih, Jian-Bin. "Cultural, social and individual correlates of happiness in Taiwan." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325503.
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25
Wu, Peixia. "Social Withdrawal and Its Behavioral Correlates Among Chinese Preschoolers." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1668.pdf.
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26
Dallas, Mark B. "Risk factors and correlates of courtship violence." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1386598246.
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27
Cetorelli, Valeria. "Demographic and health effects of the 2003-2011 War in Iraq." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3199/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing international concern about the consequences of warfare for civilian populations has led to a growing body of demographic and health research. This research has been essential in providing estimates of war-induced excess mortality, a primary indicator by which to assess the intensity of wars and the adequacy of humanitarian responses. Far less attention has been paid to war-induced changes in fertility and population health, and the limited existing literature has rarely adopted a longitudinal approach. This is especially evident in the case of the 2003–2011 war in Iraq. Several studies have sought to quantify excess mortality, whereas other demographic and health effects of this war have been largely overlooked. This thesis fills substantive knowledge gaps using longitudinal data from the 2000, 2006 and 2011 Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (I-MICS). The data collected during wartime are found to be of similarly good quality as those collected during peacetime. The analysis shows that, besides causing a heavy death toll, the Iraq war also had profound long-term consequences for women and newborns. It provides the first evidence on the effect of the war on early marriage and adolescent fertility, with implications for women’s empowerment and reproductive health. It is also the first to quantify the effect of the war on neonatal polio immunisation coverage, with relevance for the recent polio outbreak. It finally assesses the main challenges to Iraq’s health sector rehabilitation efforts, namely the ongoing insecurity and persistently high rate of population growth. Overall, the findings have important documentation functions for the international community and serve as inputs for the design of humanitarian relief strategies in Iraq and similar war-torn countries, such as neighbouring Syria.
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Armga, Carol Joan. "Demographic and Professional Dimensions of Child Care Proviers." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this investigation was to develop a demographic profile of current child care providers in 3 selected Western states. Further, this study sought to assess dimensions of professionally in the day to day activities of child care workers.
Utilizing a mailed questionnaire, 226 child care providers in Salt Lake City, Utah; Eugene, Oregon; and Boise, Idaho were surveyed for information on demographics and professional dimensions. Results suggest that the demographic profile created by a cross-sectional sample of child care providers differs markedly from a profile created by a sample based on professional affiliation. Statistical analyses suggest that education significantly effects the professional dimension of knowledge. The data further indicate that the interaction of education and length of employment as a care giver significantly effects the dimension of orientation to the community.
The findings are discussed in relation to the professional status of child care. It was suggested that child care has not yet met the requirements of becoming a profession. Recommendations for enhancing professional status are given.
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Van, Niekerk Belinda Anne. "Correlates of substance use disorder among patients in treatment at substance use disorder rehabilitation facilities in the Western Cape." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8384.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)Western Cape has the highest prevalence rates of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) with prevalence rates of 18.5%, versus the national average of 13.3%. Existing studies have emphasised that SUD is associated with exposure to trauma and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In addition, demographic factors such as gender, race and socio-economic status have been correlated with SUD. However, limited research exists on the correlates of SUD among inpatients at substance abuse rehabilitation facilities in the Western Cape Province. The study aimed to address this gap in the literature by investigating the correlates of SUD among inpatients at SUD rehabilitation treatment facilities.
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Rahimi, Sadeq. "Psychosocial correlates of collective self-esteem : a comparative study." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following earlier research on social and psychological effects and significance of collective self-esteem (CSE) in intergroup relations, a comparative cross cultural study was conducted to examine and compare the correlates of CSE, personal self-esteem (PSE) and personal experience of racism (PER) in Quebecois and Cambodian groups of adolescents and their parents. It was hypothesised that the effects and distribution of CSE, PSE and PER would be different across cultures and, within cultural groups, across generations, due to the differential meanings and social implications of these constructs in each group. Owngroup interviewers interviewed 208 subjects in French and Khmer languages. The study sample consisted of 114 Cambodian and 94 Quebecois participants. Each of these two groups was composed of two equal sub-groups of adolescents and their parents. Global results replicated earlier findings. Closer observation, however, revealed asymmetric patterns across the two ethnic groups. Results are discussed as evidence for the following hypotheses: (1) The magnitude of scores achieved on collective self-esteem varies across cultures; (2) The relationship between CSE and PSE is stronger for the Cambodian population; (3) The relationship between CSE and PER varies as a function of group membership (across cultures/generations); and (4) CSE has a positive correlation with mental health. Theoretical implications of the findings are further discussed in terms of the applicability of the construct CSE, a possible distinction between 'true' and 'defensive' high collective self-esteem scores on self-report scales, and the importance of collective self-esteem in intergroup interactions.
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Hassan, Abbas Cattie. "Feeling Close to Someone : The Neural Correlates of Social Connection." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the course of human evolution, being a member of a group has been more beneficial for survival than being alone. Food gathering, protection from predators, cooperation, and care for offspring are distributed among group members, increasing the likelihood for survival. It is as if there is an interplay between agent and environment that interprets being socially cooperative as pleasurable and being left out as painful. Studies have been dedicated to examine how our social life is one of the most important aspects of health and well-being, particularly social relationships. Since this link has been demonstrated, it would be interesting to incorporate the field of neuroscience to understand the involvement of the human brain in our social experiences, specifically the experience of social connection. The current state of neuroscience does not allow researchers to examine this kind of subjective experiences, simply because of the lack of proper tools and knowledge. Research in this field has come a long way since the early stages, and studies have indicated on significant results regarding the involved neural regions. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the anterior insula (AI) are active when threats to social connection is experienced. They are also active in situations were survival is threatened. An experience of social connection evokes a feeling of (social) safety, in part because it activates regions of the brain associated with physical safety, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). In similar fashion, a sense of social closeness ("warmth") activates the ventral striatum (VS), which is associated with physical warmth and studies have shown that social and physical warmth share overlapping neural activity in VS. Finally, Mu-opioids have been shown to be responsible for social bonding; while using an opioid antagonist such as naltrexone, decreases the feeling of social connection. Studies in this field are few; one should take their results with caution. The field continues to grow, and the studies that have been done to date give exciting hints of the influence of social relationships on physical health and mental well-being.
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Halliday, S. "Social mobility and demographic change in the British baronetage, 1611-1880." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358239.
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Keppel-Benson, Jane M. "Correlates of learning disabled students' social acceptance in mainstream classrooms." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study investigated the social status of learning disabled (LD) students among their non-LD peers and explored how their social acceptance related to personal attributes, behavioral characteristics, and social information processing. Subjects were 22 white, third through fifth grade LD students and 347 of their non-LD classmates. Results showed that on a play rating scale, but not on a peer nomination measure, the LD group was rated lower than non-LD students. In addition, more LD than non-LD students were found to be rejected; however, LD students were equally represented in the popular, neglected, and controversial sociometric status categories. LD students were also found to be less well known than controls. Acquaintance ratings correlated highly with friendship ratings and moderately with peer nominations, suggesting that being less well known was significantly related to being rated as an undesirable playmate.
Although LD students were perceived by peers as less physically attractive, less academically skilled, and less socially skilled, as a group, these findings appear to be clouded by the effects attributable to the low status LD children. Within the LD group, high social status children did not differ significantly from controls on dependent variables.
Multiple regression analyses showed that peer ratings of physical attractiveness were most predictive of peer nominations (multiple R square=.50), whereas athletic ability was found to predict 85% of the variance in friendship ratings. Social information processing deficits were not predictive of social acceptance. Results suggest that special skills or attributes appear to provide a boost needed for general social acceptance of LD students.Master of Science
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Tippett, Neil. "The socio-ecological context of peer bullying : correlates and consequences." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/71059/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bullying is a widespread public health problem. While its prevalence, key correlates and major health outcomes have been well researched, important gaps or controversies remain. In particular, the association between bullying and both socioeconomic status and ethnicity remains unclear. Furthermore, other areas are under-researched, such as sibling aggression and its relationship to peer bullying. Finally, while there is evidence of the adverse effects of bullying on mental health, there is still uncertainty whether any experience of being bullied, or only sustained, chronic victimisation, will lead to adverse consequences. Do those who escape bullying fare better? This thesis comprises five studies. Study 1, a meta-analysis, explored the relationship between bullying and socioeconomic status, finding victims and bully-victims, but not bullies, more often came from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Study 2 examined sibling aggression, identifying a strong homotypic association with roles taken in school bullying. Study 3 explored ethnic differences in bullying, finding ethnic minority children were not more likely to be victims, but in some cases were more often bullies. Study 4 identified individual, social and sociodemographic correlates of school bullying. Distinct profiles were observed for each bullying role. Finally, Study 5 examined the timing of bullying in relation to individual and social outcomes. Stable and concurrent victimisation was associated with more negative outcomes, while escaping bullying reduced the adverse consequences. The findings are considered in relation to ecological systems theory. Distant environmental factors, such as socioeconomic status, were only weakly associated with school bullying, while more immediate socio-ecological influences, including sibling relationships and individual characteristics, predicted victim, bully and bullyvictim roles. Further research should focus on the association with sibling aggression, and identify characteristics which can explain why some children escape being bullying, thereby limiting the adverse consequences. The findings have implications for interventions, which should take account of children’s home environments.
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Alayaf, Abeer. "Correlates of Facebook use Intensity - A Saudi Arabian Study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31929.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study measures Facebook use intensity in residents of Saudi Arabia, and distinguishes between Saudi citizens and non-Saudi residents. This is achieved through an analysis of the antecedents and the consequences of Facebook use intensity. The sample used consists of 135 Saudi and 66 non-Saudi participants, all of whom were Facebook users aged 18 or older. The “snowball” technique was used in this study. Data was collected through a face-to-face questionnaire, and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results show that there were significant relationships between the antecedents and the consequences of Facebook use intensity. Non-Saudi residents are shown to use Facebook to keep in touch with their families and friends more than Saudi do, while Saudi citizens use Facebook to search for products more than non-Saudi. The two groups are also quite different in terms of their online shopping behavior, including the sources of information and recommendations they prefer when researching a product. This study shows that there is a relationship between participants’ Facebook usage, and their demographics, personality, motivations, and values. The major limitation of this study is that it was conducted in only one city: Riyadh. Therefore, additional research should be carried out in other cities with larger samples. This thesis makes a special contribution to the literature, as it is the first to consider both the antecedents and the consequences of Facebook use intensity in a single study. It is also the first study to analyze the relationship between the Six Dimensional Achievement Motivation Scale (Jackson, Ahmed, and Heapy, 1976), the Rokeach Value System (1973), and Facebook use intensity in the world in general, and Saudi Arabia in particular.
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Sorenson, Dianna Lee Spies. "Developmental aspects of pregnancy: Correlates of self-satisfaction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this research was to explore and describe the relationships among four concepts within a proposed nursing theory. The research questions which directed the research focus on the relationships among the concepts self-satisfaction, affirmatory communication, pregnancy timing synchrony and physical symptoms in pregnancy; and the combination of variables that best explain self-satisfaction experienced among pregnant women. A descriptive-correlational design was used to address the research questions. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of 210 women who attended prenatal education classes in a Southwestern urban area. The instruments used to measure self-satisfaction in this research were: Index of Well-Being, Self-Esteem Scale," Myself as Mother-SR. Affirmatory communication was measured by the Affirmatory Communication in Pregnancy Instrument and the Personal Resources Questionnaire. Pregnancy timing synchrony was measured by the Pregnancy Timing Instrument. Physical symptomotology was measured by the Physical Symptoms Checklist-SE. Acceptable levels of reliability and validity were obtained for the instruments. The relationships were explored using correlational analysis, canonical correlation, multiple regression, and residual analysis. Positive correlations were found between affirmatory communication (measured with two variables), pregnancy timing synchrony and self-satisfaction. Negative relationships were identified between physical symptoms and self-satisfaction. The canonical correlation between the combined self-satisfaction measures and the combined pregnancy-related experiences measures yielded an Rc of.71 (Rc2 =.50). The largest predictors of self-satisfaction were affirmatory communication and pregnancy timing. Similar, but not parallel results were found when each measure of self-satisfaction was individually utilized as a criterion measure in multiple regression equations. The results indicate that childbearing experiences can be assessed from a life-span developmental perspective which includes an emphasis on developmentally relevant psychological and physical aspects of the pregnancy experience. Although in its infancy, the mid-level theory used to guide this research demonstrates relevance for gaining an understanding about factors that enhance self-satisfaction during pregnancy.
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Scott, Margaret Jean. "The environmental correlates of innovation in industrial laboratory design." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367255.
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Wabnitz, Pascal [Verfasser]. "Social trauma : psychophysiological correlates and time course of social threat processing in social anxiety disorder / Pascal Wabnitz." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104304096X/34.
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Löf, Kasper. "Investigating the Neural Correlates of Perceived Social Isolation : Is Perceived Social Isolation Confined to the Social Brain?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15985.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Loneliness, or the perceived discrepancy of ones relationships in terms of quality, is known as Perceived Social Isolation (PSI). Studies have shown that PSI is both increasing and is correlated with health risks. Specifically, PSI is not only related with risks of mortality but is also linked with variations in the brain. Having few social contacts, or being Objectively Socially Isolated (OSI) does not qualify as PSI. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the neural correlates of PSI, as distinguished from OSI. The true role of PSI is still unknown, however, arguments can be made that PSI serves an important role in survival. The social brain, which allows for social cognition is used as a basis for understanding PSI in this thesis. In this thesis, I found that individuals suffering from PSI have increased attention towards social threat, and a preference to engage in positive social stimuli. Further, PSI affects both social cognition and the social brain. However, regional brain activity was not confined to the social brain. The results showed that PSI may be related to both affective and attentional networks of the brain. PSI also affects activity in the ventral striatum. Further, PSI is related to varied regional brain size. I argue that PSI can be reduced by mainly fixing maladaptive cognitive patterns.
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Sonnentag, Tammy L. "The moral rebel: measurement, correlates, and perceptions." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6650.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Psychology
Mark A. Barnett
The term “moral rebel” describes an individual who refuses to comply, remain silent, or conform to others when doing so would compromise his or her values. Although researchers have identified individuals whose moral judgments reflect an adherence to “individual principles and conscience,” little attention has been given to the assessment, correlates, and perceptions of individuals who follow their own moral convictions despite considerable social pressure not to do so. The present study examined (1) the extent to which adolescents, peers, and teachers agree in their ratings of adolescents’ tendencies to be a moral rebel, (2) some characteristics potentially associated with differences in adolescents’ tendencies to be a moral rebel, and (3) the extent to which adolescents’ attitudes toward a moral rebel (vs. a non-moral rebel) are influenced by their own level of “moral rebelness” (as assessed by self, peers, and teachers). Results revealed significant positive correlations among all of the self-report, peer, and teacher ratings of moral rebelness for the entire sample (and for male and female participants considered separately). Contrary to predictions, self-report, peer and teacher ratings of adolescents’ moral rebelness were not robustly associated with any individual difference variable. Generally, adolescents reported relatively favorable attitudes toward a moral rebel (compared to a non-moral rebel), especially when they themselves had heightened ratings on this characteristic. The implications and limitations of the present findings, as well as directions for future research on the topic of moral rebelness in adolescents, are addressed.
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Dibble, Ashley. "Physiological Correlates of Aggression in Adolescent Females." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1680.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, with the development of new technology, researchers have focused on physiological predictors of aggressive behavior, specifically cortisol and alpha amylase. Gordis, Granger, Susman, and Trickett (2006) found the interaction between cortisol and alpha-amylase significantly predicted parent reports of aggression indicating that low levels of physiological reactivity was associated with higher levels of problem behavior. While this research has provided valuable information about aggressive behavior, a major limitation is the majority of research focuses on males, or has not examined gender differences explicitly. This study expanded on work by Gordis et al. (2006) and other researchers on the HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system responses and aggression by using a larger sample, focusing on female adolescents, examining both physical and relational aggression, and utilizing parent and adolescent reports of aggressive behavior. Based on prior literature, I expected that lower levels of salivary cortisol taken at the beginning of the interview and the beginning of the stress task would be associated with higher levels of physical and relational aggression in girls. I also hypothesized that lower levels of cortisol and α-amylase reactivity will be associated with higher levels of physical and relational aggression. Finally, I hypothesized that lower levels of cortisol reactivity coupled with higher levels of α-amylase reactivity will be associated with lower levels of aggressive behavior. Participants in the current study live in moderate- to high-violence areas in Richmond, VA. Participants were 146 adolescent females who were enrolled in a larger longitudinal study on coping with exposure to violence. Most of the adolescents were African-American (91.1%) with a mean age of 13.9 years old (range from 11-17). The changes in physiological responses were monitored during the interview process which included the administration of the Social Competence Interview (SCI). Aggression was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist and Problem Behavior Frequency Scales. In the analyses, I controlled for pubertal status, medication usage, race, and time of day which are all factors that can influence the level of cortisol and alpha-amylase. Results indicated that higher levels of basal cortisol were associated with higher levels of aggressive behavior. In contrast to previous research and prediction, results indicated that symmetry in α-amylase and cortisol predicted lower levels of self-reported physical aggression in girls. Asymmetry in the two systems was associated with higher levels of self-reported physical aggression. These results contribute to the mixed results on female physiological responses and aggression. It also provides support for symmetry in cortisol and α-amylase as a predictor of lower levels of aggressive behavior. Studying a child’s physiological reactions to stress can give insight into behavior regulation, help identify adolescents for prevention/intervention, and serve as markers of treatment progress. These data suggest that physiological associations with aggression may not be the same for males and females, or for youth living in extremely stressful circumstances. Further research is needed to replicate these finding, and specifically to compare these patterns of associations across gender.
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Auch, Patricia Marie. "Physiological correlates in happy and sad emotional states." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2759.
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The physiological differences in happy and sad emotional reactions were measured by taking blood pressure, EMG, heart-rate, and skin-temperature while each emotion was evoked in participants. The study used films shown to participants to provoke happy and sad responses. Self-evaluation questionnaires were used to determine how aware the participants were of their physiological changes in both emotional conditions. Results indicated a decrease in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and EMG responses, but, an increase in skin temperature while participants watched the sad film manipulation. Physiological readings taken during the happy film sequence contradicted the hypotheses of this study. Participants blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature readings were lower in the happy condition than in the sad. Electromyography during the happy film manipulation was the only measure to increase as predicted. Attention was paid to the differences in men and women in their physiological responses.
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Hendricks, Kirk. "The social and demographic study of the hispanic population on Staten Island /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 2001. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/business/2001/thesis_bus_2001_hendr_socia.pdf.
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Lewis, James John Ciaran. "Behavioural, demographic and social risk factors for HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429320.
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Wilkoszewski, Harald. "Germany's social policy challenge : public integenerational transfers in light of demographic change." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/886/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation addresses the question of to what extent growing numbers of older people who might have similar preferences regarding public intergenerational transfers (family and pension policies) will limit the scope of future social policy reforms in Germany. We are interested in to what extent the shift in the country's demography will trigger a so-called "gerontocracy." As a theoretical framework, we combine Mannheim's concept of political generations with a demographic life-course approach. According to Mannheim, growing numbers of a societal group, combine with unified preferences within the group, enhance the group's political power. To empirically test this hypothesis, we use three analytical steps: First, we analyse the future age composition of the German population, including familial characteristics, using a micro-simulation approach. The results suggest that the number of older people will grow substantially over the coming decades, particularly the share of older people who will remain childless and who will not be married. Second, we analyse preferences regarding redistributive social policies according to age, parity, and marital status, based on recent survey data. Generalised Linear Models and Generalised Additive Models are applied to examine what the effects of fdemographic indicators are on these preferences. Results show that older people are less in favour of transfers ot the younger generation than their younger counterparts. This is particularly true of childless interviewees. Third, we explore the extent to which these developments are likely to have an impact on the political sphere. How do policy makers perceive ageing and the preferences structures found? How do elderly interest groups define their roles in light of these results? In-depth interviews with these stakeholders provide a mixed picture: whereas most interviewees are convinced that older people have gained more power due to their bigger population share, there is little awareness of differences in policy preferences between various demographic groups. The biggest challenge for social policy makers is, therefore, to find ways to mediate between these two interesrs. if they fail to do so, a conflict of generations might become a realistic scenario for Germany.
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Parkin, Tim G. "Age and the aged in Roman society : demographic, social and legal aspects." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334229.
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Harris, Brenda C. "An Analysis of Problems Identified by Teachers and Selected Social Demographic Variables." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1987. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2694.
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The problem of this study was to investigate the problems listed as bothersome and their frequency as identified by selected elementary teachers. Another objective was to analyze differences between teacher problems and selected social demographic variables. The background research was limited to a review of the literature related to the subject. It was determined that the relevance of professional problem solving as a competency could provide formative information to guide changes in undergraduate, graduate, preservice, and in-service education. A descriptive research design was followed by surveying a selected sample of teachers of grades 1-7 in the nine counties and two cities with independent school districts in Southwest Virginia. Three hundred fifteen teachers were randomly selected to participate in the study. Two hundred forty-six teachers responded, and the findings reflect their responses. The statistical analysis of the collected data indicated significant differences in 12 of the 21 hypotheses developed for the study. A significant relationship existed between the frequency and bothersomeness of problems and the following clusters of problems: affiliation, control, parent relationships and home conditions, student success, and time. The predominately mentioned problems of teachers were problems dealing with time--having enough time to plan and implement good teaching and to complete related responsibilities. The second most frequently mentioned problems were problems dealing with student success. Conclusions of the study emphasized the fact that teachers can and will identify and share their school-related problems. Older and more experienced teachers were less bothered by problems than were the younger and less experienced teachers. Teachers in grades 3, 4, and 6 were more bothered by problems. No difference existed between the frequency and bothersomeness of problems and the sex of the teachers. There was also no relationship between the frequency and bothersomeness of problems and class size or the degree earned by the teacher. Teachers who indicated that they were less than very satisfied with teaching experienced more frequent problems and were much more bothered by those problems than were teachers who said that they were very satisfied with teaching. Seventy percent of the respondents were less than very satisfied with their undergraduate preparation program for teaching, and 60% of the respondents indicated that they were less than very satisfied with teaching.
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Stillman, Paul Edgar. "The Neural Correlates of Temporal Distance Traversal and Level of Construal." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437048047.
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Song, Hyojong. "An Exploratory Study of Macro-Social Correlates of Online Property Crime." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the recent decreasing trend of most traditional types of crime, online property crime (OPC), referring to crime committed online with a financial orientation such as online frauds, scams, and phishing, continues to increase. According to the Internet Crime Complaint Center, the number of reported complaints about OPC have increased by approximately sixteen fold from 16,838 cases in 2000 to 288,012 cases in 2015, and referred financial losses have also increased about sixty times from $17.8 million in 2001 to $1 billion in 2015. The increase in OPC might be directly related to advanced online accessibility due to the accelerated progress of information and communication technology (ICT). Since the progress of ICT continues forward and the advanced ICT infrastructure can affect our routine activities more significantly, issues regarding OPC may become more various and prevalent.
The present study aims to explore a macro-social criminogenic structure of OPC perpetration. Specifically, this study focused on exploring probable macro-social predictors of OPC rates and examining how effectively these possible macro-social predictors account for variance in OPC perpetration rates. In addition, this study explored possible predictors of macro-level online opportunity structure, which is expected to have a direct relationship with OPC rates. It also examined how much variance in online opportunity structure was explained by the included possible predictors. With these research purposes, the current study analyzed state-level data of the fifty states in the U.S. by applying a partial least square regression (PLSR) approach.
The results indicated that predictors related to macro-social economic conditions such as economic inequality, poverty, economic social support, and unemployment had a significant association with OPC. As expected, indicators in the domain of economic inequality predicted greater OPC rates and those in the domain of economic social support were related to lower OPC rates. However, poverty and unemployment predictors were negatively associated with OPC, which is the opposite direction of the relationships between these predictors and traditional street crime. In addition, indicators of online opportunity structure were found to have a significantly positive relationship to OPC as expected. The PLSR model for predicting OPC applied in the current study accounted for approximately 50% of variance in OPC rates across states.
For predictors of online opportunity structure, the results indicated that online opportunity was associated with state-level economic and socio-demographic characteristics. States with less poverty, more urban population, and more working age adults were more likely to report more online opportunities. The PLSR model for predicting online opportunity structure explained about 80% of variance in measured online opportunity. These results may imply that some types of macro-social conditions may have an indirect effect on OPC through online opportunity structure as well as their direct effects on OPC. Future study should pay more attention to examining structural relationships of macro-social contexts, online opportunity structure, and OPC to understand macro-level criminogenic mechanism of OPC.
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Bortolussi, Lina. "The correlates and consequences of alcohol consumption in elderly social drinkers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/NQ39621.pdf.
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