Добірка наукової літератури з теми "DEMC"

The DEFECTIVE EMBRYO AND MERISTEMS 1 (DEM1) gene encodes a protein of unknown biochemical function required for meristem formation and seedling development in tomato, but it was unclear whether DEM1’s primary role was in cell division or alternatively, in defining the identity of meristematic cells. Genome sequence analysis indicates that flowering plants possess at least two DEM genes. Arabidopsis has two DEM genes, DEM1 and DEM2, which we show are expressed in developing embryos and meristems in a punctate pattern that is typical of genes involved in cell division. Homozygous dem1 dem2 double mutants were not recovered, and plants carrying a single functional DEM1 allele and no functional copies of DEM2, i.e. DEM1/dem1 dem2/dem2 plants, exhibit normal development through to the time of flowering but during male reproductive development, chromosomes fail to align on the metaphase plate at meiosis II and result in abnormal numbers of daughter cells following meiosis. Additionally, these plants show defects in both pollen and embryo sac development, and produce defective male and female gametes. In contrast, dem1/dem1 DEM2/dem2 plants showed normal levels of fertility, indicating that DEM2 plays a more important role than DEM1 in gamete viability. The increased importance of DEM2 in gamete viability correlated with higher mRNA levels of DEM2 compared to DEM1 in most tissues examined and particularly in the vegetative shoot apex, developing siliques, pollen and sperm. We also demonstrate that gamete viability depends not only on the number of functional DEM alleles inherited following meiosis, but also on the number of functional DEM alleles in the parent plant that undergoes meiosis. Furthermore, DEM1 interacts with RAS-RELATED NUCLEAR PROTEIN 1 (RAN1) in yeast two-hybrid and pull-down binding assays, and we show that fluorescent proteins fused to DEM1 and RAN1 co-localize transiently during male meiosis and pollen development. In eukaryotes, RAN is a highly conserved GTPase that plays key roles in cell cycle progression, spindle assembly during cell division, reformation of the nuclear envelope following cell division, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Our results demonstrate that DEM proteins play an essential role in cell division in plants, most likely through an interaction with RAN1.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious worldwide health concern.Pakistan is among the top 10 countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes in the worldwith estimates reaching as high as 21.6% in adults aged 30–79 years. HbA1C is the most usefuldiagnostic tool to assess the control and progression of disease and related complications.However, the predictors of good and bad control are not well established in our population.Objective: 1). To assess the level of A1C control among type 2 diabetic patients. 2). To find outfactors which can predict uncontrolled A1C. Study Design: Retrospective observational study.Setting: Among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the outpatient of Diabetes Endocrineand Metabolic Centre (DEMC) of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Period: June 2012 to Feb2014. Material and methods: Total of 809 patients were randomly selected to assess A1C inthis population. At the same time, we assessed other factors associated with uncontrolled A1C.Chart review of the included patients was done using a data collection sheet, structured for thispurpose. Patient demographic data was gathered. Specific information including complicationsand laboratory results (HbA1C, Triglycerides (TG), Dyslipidemias) was collected. Diabetescomplication data was obtained clinically and through laboratory workup. The outcome wascalculated. Patients with A1C of <7% were considered well controlled. Other lab findings werecategorized with results being controlled according to the accepted cut off points. Results: Atotal of 809 patients were enrolled. Only 32.9% attained A1C control. Analyses showed thatsome factors were significantly associated with uncontrolled A1C. They were diabetes-relatedcomplications like presence of neuropathy, longer duration of diabetes and Dyslipidemias.When multivariate analysis was carried out, the chances of having uncontrolled A1C weresignificantly higher among patients who developed neuropathy and longer duration of diabetes,while triglycerides and other dyslipidemias were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Thelevel of HbA1C is significantly uncontrolled in our population. Uncontrolled HbA1C is morelikely to exist in patients with neuropathy and longer duration of Diabetes. High triglycerides andother dyslipidemia are also present in our population, but not statistically significant.