Дисертації з теми "Démarrage de la traduction"
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Guillon, Laurent. "Etude des facteurs du démarrage de la traduction eIF5B et eIF3." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004650.
Повний текст джерелаVial, Lionel. "Le démarrage de la traduction dans la mitochondrie de la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0050.
Повний текст джерелаMonestier, Auriane. "Mécanisme de formation du complexe de démarrage de la traduction chez les Archées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX047/document.
Повний текст джерелаA cell is subjected to different internal and external stimuli and must adapt quickly to fulfill its functions. This involves a fine regulation of gene expression. This occurs at the transcriptional level, but also at the translational level. Translation has three phases: initiation, elongation and termination. Selection of the start codon and therefore the choice of the mRNA reading frame is performed during translation initiation. From a kinetic point of view, translation initiation is the rate limiting step. Thus, it appears as a prime target for translational control.In archaea, initiation of translation involves a macromolecular complex containing the small subunit of the ribosome, mRNA, an initiator methionyl tRNA (Met-tRNAiMet) and three initiation factors (aIF1, aIF1A and aIF2). Interestingly, each of three initiation factors has an ortholog in eukaryotes.Archaeal and eukaryotic tRNAi have highly conserved bases A1-U72, at the extremity of the acceptor stem. This base pair was shown to be important for discrimination of initiator tRNAs from elongator tRNAs. In addition, other studies suggest the importance of the geometry of the A1-U72 pair for the initiator identity of those tRNAs. At the beginning of my thesis, no structural information was available to explain how the characteristics of the A1-U72 pair were involved in the selection of the initiator tRNA. At first, my thesis work involved the construction of an E. coli strain using as only source of tRNAi, a bacterial variant of tRNA initiator (tRNAfMet) having a base pair A1-U72 (tRNAfMetA1-U72). The use of this strain allowed us to obtain large quantities of purified tRNAfMetA1-U72. In addition, the crystal structure of this tRNAfMetA1-U72 has been determined at 2.8 Å of resolution. An unusual arrangement of bases A1 and U72 was observed.All archaeal translation initiation actors being available in the laboratory, a study of the archeal translation initiation complex by cryo-electron microscopy was achieved. The study identified two conformations of the tRNAi. In the first complex, both conformations (IC0-Premote (5.3 Å resolution) and IC1-Pin (7.5 Å resolution)) allowed us to propose a model for the accommodation of the initiator tRNA during start codon recognition.Finally, I was also interested in the role of the aIF1 factor. Availability of 3D structures, assembly models and alignments of the archeal aIF1 sequences allowed us to identify amino acids or regions that could be involved in ribosome binding and/or in the selection of initiator tRNA. In order to study the involvement of these regions, I have developed a method to study the binding of aIF1 to the small ribosomal subunit using fluorescence anisotropy. This study highlights two basic residues of aIF1 involved in binding to the ribosome. On the other hand, the roles of aIF1 in the selection of the start codon and in the stabilization of initiation complex on the mRNA were studied by the ribosome footprint method also called « toeprint »
Devaux, Zaëlle. "Etude du complexe de pré-démarrage de la traduction chez Pyrococcus Abyssi par cyro-microscopie électronique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066404.
Повний текст джерелаTiennault-Desbordes, Emmanuelle. "Le facteur de démarrage de la traduction IF2 de la myxobactérie mycococcus xanthus : structure et caractérisation fonctionnelle." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2304.
Повний текст джерелаYatime, Laure. "Rôle du facteur d'initiation e/aIF2 dans le démarrage de la traduction chez les Eucaryotes et chez les archées." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001539.
Повний текст джерелаKazan, Ramy. "Role of aIF5B in archaeal translation initiation." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAX043.
Повний текст джерелаTranslation initiation universally occurs with accurate selection of the start codon that defines the reading frame on the mRNA. The mechanism involves a macromolecular complex composed of the small ribosomal subunit, the mRNA, a specialized methionylated initiator tRNA and initiation factors (IFs). Once the start codon is selected at the P site on the small ribosomal subunit and the large subunit is associated, the IFs are released and an elongation competent ribosome is formed. Although the general principles are the same in the three domains of life, the molecular mechanisms are different in bacteria, eukaryotes and archaea as illustrated by the different number and types of the initiation factors.In eukaryotes and in archaea, late steps of translation initiation involve the two initiation factors a/eIF1A and a/eIF5B. Importantly, a/eIF5B and a/eIF1A are orthologues of the bacterial proteins IF1 and IF2 respectively. Therefore, late steps of translation initiation have a universal character.We determined the cryo-EM structure of an archaeal translation initiation complex containing the small ribosomal subunit, a model mRNA, the methionylated initiator tRNA and the two initiation factors aIF5B and aIF1A. The two initiation factors are very well defined in the cryo-EM map. aIF5B is bound to the methionine group of the initiator tRNA by its domain IV while domains I, II, and III contacts the body part of the small ribosomal subunit in the uS12, h5 region. For the first time, interaction between archaeal aIF1A and aIF5B is observed. The structure allows us to model the late steps of translation initiation and to understand how aIF5B facilitates the joining of the large ribosomal subunit. Our results are compared to the eukaryotic and bacterial cases
Ghelici, Naceur. "Etude du régime transitoire de démarrage rapide d'une pompe centrifuge." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10145.
Повний текст джерелаSallantin, Renaud. "Optimisation de bout-en-bout du démarrage des connexions TCP." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12180/1/sallantin.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMariaule, Mickaël. "Les limites de la traduction et la traduction des limites : traduction littéraire anglais-français." Artois, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ARTO0004.
Повний текст джерелаWhen confronted with a centuries' old practice, it is futile to propose a theory claiming this same practice is impossible. Translation is possible, but it nevertheless has its limits. These are found both in the process and in the product of translation. For the former, they are called limits to translation, and are found in the comprehension stage of the source text, with, for example, unintentional ambiguity of syntax and discourse, intentional lexical ambiguity with puns, coordinated redundancies, neologisms etc. They may be linguistic in nature, as those we have mentioned above, but also cultural – for example sociolects, proper names, various cultural items etc. These obstacles force the translator to use all his resourcefulness. Arriving at a translation demands a considerable effort. The second type of limits are called the limits of translation. The product, the target text, goes beyond the actual framework of the translation. These limits may take different forms – explicitation, creation, adaptation, etc. , for instance – and are seen in re-writing, or even in post-translation adjustments. It can be seen, then, that this concept of limits provides an excellent methodological tool for taking translation as a continuum, where the different stages (comprehension – conceptualisation – rephrasing) intertwine. It thus serves a useful purpose with regard to theory, separating it from, and putting into perspective, certain of its radical positions. For indeed, translation is a complex activity which can no longer be the centre of black-and-white oppositions and fruitless empirical discussion. Thus the notion of limits gives a new perspective on translation, refining our perception of it, and heralding the birth of new ideas on translation which move away from traditional, linguistically saturated concepts such as fidelity
Cordonnier, Jean-Louis. "L'homme décentré : culture et traduction, traduction et culture." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA1002.
Повний текст джерелаChan, Lucienne. "La traduction littérale dans l'histoire de la traduction." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5397.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Grand Thomas. "Physique du quark top dans l'expérience CMS au démarrage du LHC." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00527815.
Повний текст джерелаFerrand, Antoine. "Modélisation du démarrage et de la réactivation rapide d’une turbine d’hélicoptère." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0006.
Повний текст джерелаThis study on the start-up phase of gas turbine engines takes place in the context of the hybridization of a helicopter turboshaft engine with a decreased fuel consumption target. A new flight mode for a twin engine helicopter with the shutdown of one engine in-flight is being considered. For Safran Helicopter Engines, this mode would allow up to 15% of fuel savings. The certification of this flight mode involves improving the understanding of the start-up phase of gas turbine engines towards a close-to-zero failure rate for in-flight restarts as well as a fast restart capability of the shutdown engine. The start-up phase is composed of two main steps: the light-up and the acceleration. A detailed phenomenological study has highlighted the factors influencing the performance for each of these two steps. A test rig campaign at sea level and ambient temperature, performed at Safran Helicopter Engines, took place in order to study the restart capability of the RTM322 turboshaft engine. Analyzing the results of this campaign provided support to the phenomenological study and fed the first 0D numerical tools developed in this thesis with data. The 0D model implemented can simulate a full start-up sequence towards idle speed, with a basic approach to account for the light-up phase. This achievement required working on the extension of the various component characteristics towards sub-idle speeds and also on the different transient phenomena involved. The lack of test rig data at low speed leads to a level of uncertainty in these conditions. Finally, the fast restart capability was studied, with the assessments of time saved potentially achievable from the test rig data and with the model developed in this thesis. A new test rig campaign dedicated to low speed operations with more severe environmental conditions in pressure and temperature would allow to lower the level of uncertainty of the simulation results. This would also be the opportunity to test the various improvements suggested in terms of fast restart
Niccolini, Eric. "Adhérence roue/rail en traction : réalité tribologique en condition de démarrage." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0010.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of adhesion controller in starting condition of locomotives, from the "adhesion-slip" curves established in braking, demonstrated its limits because of the ignorance of the phenomena concerned in wheel-rail adhesion. Facing these limits, we developed a phenomenological approach able to materialize these phenomena, using the 3rd body created in the contact like tracer of contact conditions. Indeed,»in vivo" contact instrumentation, ideal in this case, is unrealizable because of the severe rolling-sliding conditions. This difficulty is circumvented by an "ex vivo" instrumentation using flows, chemical nature, texture and faces of the 3rd body to reconstitute the contact conditions. This reconstitution requires tests on site with an instrumented locomotive and in laboratory with an experimental device. On site, the creation of adhesion is maximum in the presence of 3rd body flowing in the contact without be thrown out. In other words, the characteristics of its faces, such as cohesion, slenderness and area, must remain sufficiently high, which for instance imposes to limit the ambient air action. Thus, the 3rd body's flows show that the use of theoretical stick/slip conditions for this type of contact is not justified any more. In laboratory, the evolution of adhesion as a function of the sliding velocity is explained by the mean of 3rd body rheology changes described through its chemical nature : screens, "solid films" and 3rd bodies close to those met on site, thus validating these tests. Consequently, on contact scale, the rolling velocity determines the 3rd body rheological behavior which, under sliding velocity, imposes the adhesion value
Sammut, Sylvie. "Contribution à la compréhension du processus de démarrage en petite entreprise." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10059.
Повний текст джерелаFor a long time period in litterature, start-up was thought as just the first period of the for a long time period in litterature, start-up was thought as just the first period of the enterprise development, as the same for the life cycle of product. Then, the firm starts with a little dimension and must come bigger. We think there is another approach of the start-up period, less systemetatic because of a systemic and dynamic point of view. Thanks to an analysis support of the management system of the start-up firm, that we use in a diachronic perpective, we are proposing four scenari of start-up. These one are hold on very important problems encoutered by the manager. The scenari are proposed for a learning approach, a defining approach, and help for start-up
Le, grand Thomas. "Physique du quark top dans l'expérience CMS au démarrage du LHC." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10165/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of this thesis is about the improve made to the seeding algorithm of track reconstruction for the hadrons and the muons in the silicon tracker of the CMS experiment. The different stages from the creation to the tests, which allowed us to qualify this new algorithm as the standard seeding for tracks reconstruction, are presented in this document. The second part is dedicated to the creation of an alternative method to measure the cross-section of the top-antitop pairs production in the CMS experiment at the LHC launch. This analysis has been made using the channel of the semi-muonic decay with at least one another muon coming from a bottom quark and has been studied on full simulation showing the feasibility to “re-discover” the top quark with 5 pb-1. The 2.4 pb-1 of data collected by the end of august have allowed me to observe the first top-antitop pairs and to make the first cross-section measurement: 171±77(stat.) ±27(syst.) pb
Boissinot, Michèle. "Guide pour le démarrage d'une coopérative de services de santé au Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq26545.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCennamo, Ilaria. "Enseigner la traduction humaine en s'inspirant de la traduction automatique." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur project aims at studying human-machine (H-M) interaction in the context of Italian to French translation teaching and learning, at a master degree level in translation and interpretation. More precisely, our focus is on the pedagogical usefulness of such a H-M interaction having been put in place thanks to the integration of a rule-based machine translator, namely the system Apertium , in a prototypical version.Can this interaction between machine translation and human translation strategies represent a useful pedagogical tool for translation training? Our hypothesis is that H-M interaction taking place between human translation learners and our machine translation prototype can encourage learners’ meta-translational reflection. This process would help them in becoming aware of all the factors implied in translating, and would allow the systematisation of their translation knowledge
Merillou-Bouffault, Catherine. "Anglicismes et traduction." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT5006.
Повний текст джерелаWecksteen-Quinio, Corinne. "Traduction et connotation." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0001.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this doctoral dissertation is to study the translation of connotation. It begins with a general survey of connotation as it has been used in fields such as logic, linguistics and semiotics. Emphasis is laid on the importance of connotation for the construction of meaning, itself a multifaceted and multidisciplinary concept. This research is motivated and justified by the lack of a wide ranging and systematic treatment of the notion in translation studies. The approach is based on the examination of an extensive English-French corpus of contemporary literary texts and it takes into account the notions of variability, subjectivity, ambiguity and implicitness. The study of translation strategies proper is duly preceded by an attempt to define the markers of connotation; Stress is placed on the intrinsic variability of connotation and on the importance of the translator as a person, with subjectivity this necessarily entails. Connotation is viewed as a form of variation which paves the way for a stylistic and sociolinguistic study involving not only registers but accents and dialects. This highlights the fact that the translator has to comply with certain writing constraints but that he also has some leeway as co-author of the target text. Ambiguity is then taken as a thematic link for the analysis of the humorous connotations conveyed by wordplay and for the study of the connotative shifts at work when languages come into contact, as exemplified by calques and loanwords. The last section is devoted to the study of implicitness, in connection with the translation of cultural connotations, and especially onomastics, cultural references and allusions
Duplaa, Sébastien. "Étude expérimentale du fonctionnement cavitant d'une pompe lors de séquences de démarrage rapide." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004519.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract : The start-up of rocket engine turbopumps is generally performed in a few seconds only. It implies that these pumps reach their nominal operating conditions after only a few rotations. During these first rotations of the blades, the flow evolution in the pump is governed by transient phenomena, based mainly on the flow rate and rotation speed evolution. The pump transient behavior induces significant pressure fluctuations which may result in partial flow vaporization, i. E. Cavitation. The present study focuses on cavitation induced during the pump start-up with two objectives : i) to analyze the cavitating behavior of the pump during fast start-up, ii) to take into account the cavitation phenomena in the prediction of pump behavior during fast start-up. An existing experimental test rig has been updated in the LML laboratory (Lille, France) for the start-ups of a centrifugal pump. Instantaneous measurements of torque, flow rate, inlet and outlet unsteady pressures, and pump rotation velocity enable to characterize the pump behavior during rapid starting periods. Visualizations with high speed camera are also included in the experimental device. A functional model devoted to the prediction of the pump behavior during fast start-up in non cavitating conditions has been developed previously in the LML laboratory, and it has been modified in the present study by taking into account the stationary head drop due to cavitation. The calibration of the transient terms in cavitating conditions requires the determination of the local density within the impeller. For that purpose, X-rays measurements have been performed during fast starts-up with the collaboration of CEA (French nuclear agency). These results will enable to optimize the prediction
Kuroda, Kyoko. "Traduction automatique : divergences de traduction entre le japonais et le français." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1004.
Повний текст джерелаSentences obtained by translation show varied and important syntactic discrepancies. This is true especially when the sentences are in distant languages such as Japanese and French. This work described here explores the issue of translation divergence of these particular languages in order to apply the results of this investigation to our transfer system. With this intention we are interested in the discrepancy observed at the level of verbal argument structures. We put special focus on changes of lexical category, changes of voice, diversification of the actancial distribution and various forms of actualized predicate. These disparities often are correlated with each other and have common origins. For example they can be explained by what Pottier calls ‘event statutes' of the predicate. That is, according to whether the event to be expressed is one of state or evolution, the way of representing the event is different. Furthermore, this differentiation largely depends on the lexicon of each language and also on the syntactico-semantic constraints which each language imposes on its lexicon. We have thus endeavored to extract factors which, on the one hand, are correlated between the diverging facts and, on the other hand, are common to our two languages. We have included these factors in the lexical description, in considering that they thus enable the transfer system to apply operations which neutralize the disparity. Having formalized these lexical descriptions which are based on unification grammar, we show how the transfer system uses the common factors in order to neutralize the discrepancy
Delpech, Estelle. "Traduction assistée par ordinateur et corpus comparables : contributions à la traduction compositionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905930.
Повний текст джерелаRochard, Michel. "Traduction dogmatique et traduction du sens étude à partir d'un cas d'espèce /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376177544.
Повний текст джерелаDing, Tingting. "Etude et optimisation de machines à aimant permanent à démarrage direct sur le réseau." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10012/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of reducing emissions of greenhouse effect, and of energy cost, the competition to improve the performances of the equipments affects all the domains. The consumption of electricity is mostly due to the electric motors, and particularly induction machines, used in various devices such as pumps, fans or compressors. These machines are characterized by relatively low efficiencies, and their replacement by more efficient machines should lead to a significant power saving. The Line-Start Permanent Magnet motors are good candidates to achieve this purpose. They have higher efficiencies and the additional devices for self-start eliminates the need of static converters, as it is normally required for conventional permanent magnet motors. Specific constraints arise for the use and the design of these machines: the starting current should not be so high to avoid the risk of the demagnetization of magnets and the starting torque must be large enough to ensure the start under load. Moreover, the efficiency and power factor at full load must be sufficiently higher than those of asynchronous machines in order to make them more competitive. In this thesis, we study three rotor structures to meet a given specification. These three structures use magnets inserted on the surface, embedded in a solid rotor or a cage rotor. They have their advantages and drawbacks that we have shown by a comparative study in some detail. This comparative study could not be implemented without the development of models in both static and dynamic conditions of these machines and a specific design methodology. A small scale of prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory; it confirms the basic principles of such machines
Nejman, Nathalie. "Étude du comportement dynamique du cuiseur-extrudeur bi-vis : effets des procédures de démarrage." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD646.
Повний текст джерелаElistratova, Vera. "Conception optimale d’une gamme de moteurs synchrones à démarrage direct à haute performance énergétique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0022/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to develop a multi-physical generic model (and a pre-design software) for a range of LSPMSMs which would integrate the advantages of both technologies: self-start asynchronous technology and good energy performance of synchronous permanent magnet technology. The validation of this model is carried out by finite element commercial software ANSYS / Maxwell and by experimental tests using two 7.5kW.LSPMSM prototypes
Cormier, Monique C. "Traduction technique et pédagogie." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375968283.
Повний текст джерелаLedang, Hung. "Traduction systématique de spécifications." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN22004.
Повний текст джерелаThe diversion of the specifications UML towards B is considered as an approach suited to use jointly UML and B in a unified, practical, rigorous development of software. On one hand, this diversion allows to use the specifications UML as starting point to develop the specifications B. On the other hand, it is possible to use tools powerful supports(media) of B as AtelierB to analyze the specifications B diverted to identify the defects within specifications UML. This thesis(theory) concentrated on the diversion towards B for the diagrams of interaction (collaboration, sequence), the diagrams of state-transition and the diagrams of case of use, which was not previously considered. Three procedures of diversion for three types of behavioral diagrams were proposed. Furthermore, the plans of diversion of the constraints OCL towards B were defined. Which allows to divert systematically towards B not only the invariants of classes in OCL, the conditins of guards (always in OCL) within the diagrams of state-transition but also the specifications OCL of the pre-form and postcondition from concepts UML behavioral as operations UML, cases of use and from the events. We also developed a tool of support for the diversion of UML / OCL towards B. Besides the plans of diversion of UML / OCL towards B, we proposed certain analyses of coherence, thanks to B and its tools, within the specification UML have. This thesis can be pursuit
Zäh-Gratiaux, Andrea. "Freud et la traduction." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070109.
Повний текст джерела"Freud and the translation»: a psychoanalytic study about the "lingual translation" and the "psychic translation". The author investigates: the polyglottisme of Freud; Freud as a translator; Freuds' opinion about the translations of his own work; the term "ubersetzung" in the "gesammelte werke" and in the correspondence with Wilhelm Fliess; Freud’s' experience with polyglotte analysis; the difficulties to translate the dreams, the wits and the slips of the tongue; the articulation between the lingual and psychic translation, especially in the writings of Jean Laplanche
Cormier, Monique C. "Traduction technique et pedagogie." ESIT Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030113.
Повний текст джерелаThis research falls within the scope of the didactics of translation and proposes a method for the teaching of first level technical translation (english-french). The work is divided into two parts : the first sets forth the theoretical foundations of the method, and the second presents learning objectives along with pratical exercises. The proposed teaching method is based upon the use of a typology of technical-scientific texts for didactic purposes. The typology distinguishes three types of texts : popularized, didactic and specialized. Using the interpretative theory of translation, the author emphasizes the pitfalls specific to technical translation and stresses the importance of integrating terminology and documentation into a technical translation course. A series of learning objectives, accompanied by pratical exercises, completes the work. The work includes, moreover, a bibliography of the pedagogy of translation, as well as a glossary of the interpretative theory of translation
Blain, Frédéric. "Modèles de traduction évolutifs." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1034/document.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough machine translation research achieved big progress for several years, the output of an automated system cannot be published without prior revision by human annotators. Based on this fact, we wanted to exploit the user feedbacks from the review process in order to incrementally adapt our statistical system over time.As part of this thesis, we are therefore interested in the post-editing, one of the most active fields of research, and what is more widely used in the translation and localization industry.However, the integration of user feedbacks is not an obvious task. On the one hand, we must be able to identify the information that will be useful for the system, among all changes made by the user. To address this problem, we introduced a new concept (the “Post-Editing Actions”), and proposed an analysis methodology for automatic identification of this information from post-edited data. On the other hand, for the continuous integration of user feedbacks, we havedeveloped an algorithm for incremental adaptation of a statistical machine translation system, which gets higher performance than the standard procedure. This is even more interesting as both development and optimization of this type of translation system has a very computational cost, sometimes requiring several days of computing.Conducted jointly with SYSTRAN and LIUM, the research work of this thesis is part of the French Government Research Agency project COSMAT 2. This project aimed to provide a collaborative machine translation service for scientific content to the scientific community. The collaborative aspect of this service with the possibility for users to review the translations givesan application framework for our research
Lacasse, Marie-Ève. "Traduction commentée de Masques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2000. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2155.
Повний текст джерелаCirce, Karine. "Traduction automatique, mémoire de traduction ou traduction humaine? Proposition d'une approche pour déterminer la meilleure méthode à adopter, selon le texte." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26876.
Повний текст джерелаEriksson, Palmertz Jonna. "Pourquoi la traduction? : La traduction comme outil didactique dans l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för moderna språk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105737.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Hsiang-I. "Vers une traduction automatique des expressions figées françaises en chinois : la traduction canonique." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1023.
Повний текст джерелаFixed expressions are frequently used in the media, in the literature and in daily conversations. Thus, they often perplex learners of a new language, but also translators. Moreover, existing machine translation systems give frustrating results for fixed expression entries, especially when it comes to translating french fixed expressions into chinese. Would it be possible to create a machine translation system that is able to recognize the right sense of a french fixed expression and then to translate it into chinese in an intelligible way ? After studying fixed expressions, (human) translation and machine translation, we find out the principal problems that are inherents in the related areas : the polysemic nature of french fixed expressions ; the principle of fidelity in translation: fidelity to the sense ; the recognization of the right sense of a french fixed expression, and the output of an intelligible chinese translation - by a machine : the formalization of all linguistic and translating respects is therefore indispensable. These problems show that the sense is the essential element in the related areas, and that the sense underlies concrete forms. The sense of a fixed expression may not only be determined by the form that the expression takes, but also be outlined by its co-textes. Based on these findings, We suggest the canonical approach on the bassis of semantic and formal respects of french fixed expressions and their chinese translations. With this approach, We establish the trace system (canonical translation of expressions) which is able to translate correctly a french fixed expression into chinese
Popis, Anna. "Découpage textuel dans la traduction assistée par les systèmes de mémoire de traduction." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040166.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the theoretical and experimental study presented in this work was to define with objective and reliable criterion an optimal level of textual segmentation for specialized translation from French into Polish assisted by a translation memory system (TMS). In this aim, we created our own approach based on research methods and analysis tools proposed particularly by Simard (2003), Langlais and Simard (2001, 2003) and Dragsted (2004). In order to increase the SMT performances, they proposed to eliminate a sentence segmentation level from SMT which is considered an obstacle to achieve satisfying SMT performances. On the basis of the observations of text segmentation process realized during a specialized translation made by a group of students without any computer aid, we defined three segmentation levels which can be potentially used in SMT such as sentences, clauses and noun and verb phrases. We realized then a comparative study of the influence of each of these levels on the reusability of WORDFAST translation memories and on the utility of translations proposed by the system for a group of twelve specialized texts. This study showed that it is not possible to define a unique text segmentation level which would unquestionably increase the SMT performances. Sentences and clauses are in fact two text segmentation levels which ensure the comparable SMT performances
Li, Chong. "Instabilité de Rayleigh-Bénard dans les fluides à seuil : critère de démarrage, expériences et modélisation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI050/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, three main mechanisms proposed in a recent paper (Darbouli et al., Physics of fluids, 25(2) 2013) have been discussed to explain the onset of Rayleigh Bénard Convection in a yield fluid (Carbopol gels): i) the elasto-visco-plasticity behavior of the material below the yield stress, ii) a viscosity at low values of shear rates by creep measurements below the yield stress, iii) a microscopic viewpoint considering the fluid as a porous two phases system. No-slip conditions have been achieved for all the experiments. The results with different Carbopol gels have proved the importance of Y, the yield number which presents the report of the yield stress and the buoyancy effect, as the governing parameter. The critical value of Y^(-1) with no-slip condition has been found between 60 and 90. A visualization measurement with the utilization of thermochromics liquid crystals presents a global view from above. Different structures have been observed in different states of thermal conditions, which describe the evolution of the convection. For several cases the color of the liquid crystals can indicate the temperature field in the whole experiment cell. Numerical simulations with a Herschel-Bulkley model have also been discussed in this thesis. The dimensionless parameters are defined approaching the values obtained in the experiments, so that we can compare the numerical results with some of experimental ones
Laalami, Soumaya. "Le facteur de démarrage IF2 de "Escherichia coli" : étude des domaines fonctionnels de la protéine." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P625.
Повний текст джерелаDebard, Michel. "Simulation de l'écoulement lors du démarrage d'une turbopompe spatiale : contribution au développement d'un outil numérique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECDL0007.
Повний текст джерелаDussault, Louis. "Les comportements de gestion et les types d'entrepreneurs : cas d'entreprises manufacturières en phase de démarrage." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1987. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5676/1/000567736.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLamibrac, Adrien. "Étude des dégradations dans les piles à combustible PEMFC pendant les phases de démarrage/arrêt." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0117/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis works contributes to the identification of the various degradation mechanisms in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell during start-up and shut-down operations. Single start-ups and shut-downs are first analysed using a cell with segmented cathode current collectors. Thus, internal currents which occur during these operations can be measured. Carbon dioxide measured in the cathode exhaust gas reveals that they result partially from carbon oxidation. Another contribution is the reversible or non reversible redox reactions involving platinum. The heterogeneity of the non reversible platinum oxidation between the inlet and outlet of the cathode is evidenced by the in-situ monitoring of the Electrochemical Surface Area during long-term start-up and shut-down aging protocols. Post-mortem analysis reveals another level of heterogeneity, which concerns also carbon oxidation, between land and channel. From these experiments, it appears also that degradations are more important when gases are injected with a low velocity in the anode compartment and when air is used instead of nitrogen to flush the anode compartment during shut-down. The influence of the MEA characteristics on the extent of the degradation observed during these aging protocols is also analyzed. High platinum loading in the anode and high surface carbon electrodes accelerate the drop of the electrical performances, while increasing the cathode platinum loading limits their decay. Finally, numerical simulations of start-ups complete the experimental results. Reversible platinum oxidation was found to be one of the main contribution to the internal currents
Drozdale, Elizabeth. "Le phenomene franglais dans les medias : le non professionnalisme dans la traduction, ses consequences; ou : de la traduction litterale a la traduction professionnelle." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030005.
Повний текст джерелаThis is a study of "franglais" which results from improper translations, called "literal translations" or word-for-word transcriptions. The purpose is to underline the role and influence of translation on the evolution of the french language, and is therefore neither an inventory of anglicisms over a given period of time nor an analysis of characteristic vocabulary or idioms of specialized jargons. The consequences on both language and communication are studied through specific examples of different types of lexical and syntactic anglicisms, found in the french press (nowspapers, periodicals, radio and television broadcasts) as well as in advertising. The translator's standpoint enables all polemical considerations to be avoided. The media's role is underlined as being that of a guarantor and amplifier of individual language errors. We explain how journalists are responsible, the relation between the anglicization of the french language and the media, and the difference between "literal translation" and translation based on the "sence". The more technical aspects of translation and journalism are also examined, as well as possible solutions. As a result of translation, many of the world's languages are undergoing increasing anglicization, and that of the french language should thus be considered as an epiphenomenon, within a more general translation-anglicization causality. By acknowledging the influence of translation and media on language, more suitable language defense programs can be implemented
Valentine, Egan. "Traductologie, traduction et formation, vers une modélisation de la formation en traduction : l'expérience canadienne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21524.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHissouf, Abdellatif. "Paramètres de la réexpression en traduction spécialisée : application à la traduction économique français/arabe." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030102.
Повний текст джерелаThe re-expression as we conceive it, is an act of writing that initially creates a new text equivalent to the original in its content, function and its impact. In the mean time, it also has to be adaptable to the requirements of the target language, the socioprofessional domain and the target culture. We believe that it’s very important today to have a large vision of the re-expression in specialized translation. A vision that integrates different dimensions: linguistic, cognitive, emotional and cultural. Our research comes to deepen the reflection on reexpressive phase regarding written translation especially in the economic domain : by showing the links between this phase (the attainment of the process of translation) and the other phases of translation: comprehension and ‘’deverbalization’’. By determining the different parameters that direct this phase: “The knowledge domain”, “The method adopted”, “The languages-cultures relationship”, “The translator’s contribution” and “Taking into consideration the recipient
Pelletier, Elise. "Traduction officielle, minorité et complexités sociolinguistiques : les enjeux de la traduction au Nouveau-Brunswick." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37613.
Повний текст джерелаMartinez, Vazquez Marays. "Le procédé d’explicitation en traduction littéraire." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131018.
Повний текст джерелаMagalhães, Francisco José. "La formation du traducteur professionnel." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN1323.
Повний текст джерелаBenegiamo, Stefano. "Bref. J'ai fait une traduction." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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