Статті в журналах: "Demand supply gap"

1

Lambert, Bruce Henry, and Kazune FUNATO. "Japanese information Demand, Supply, Gap and Solutions." Journal of Information Processing and Management 43, no. 6 (2000): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.43.502.

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2

Olsson, Gustaf. "Strategies to close water supply and demand gap." Water Supply 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.146.

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The growing water and sanitation crisis in the world calls for enormous efforts from water professionals as well as economic and political leaders. The climate change contributes to the acuteness of the problem, with dryer areas in some parts of the world and severe floods and rains in other parts. The European Water Supply and Sanitation Technology Platform (WSSTP) is an industry driven organisation aiming to strengthen the potential for technological innovation and the competitiveness of the European Water Industry but is also a response to global challenges and regional demands to ensure safe, secure and sustainable water and sanitation services for the benefit of industry, the society and the environment. The supply of electrical energy has to be carefully considered as a pre-requisite for water supply and sanitation. The production of biogas can be significantly increased by using instrumentation and control. The use of monitoring and control has wide consequences for safe and reliable water supply and sanitation.

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3

Jiao, Junfeng, and Maxwell Dillivan. "Transit Deserts: The Gap between Demand and Supply." Journal of Public Transportation 16, no. 3 (September 2013): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.16.3.2.

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4

Rahmajati, Astrid Putri. "The Gap Between Supply and Demand in Forensic Accounting." International Journal of Accounting Finance in Asia Pasific 5, no. 3 (October 20, 2022): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/ijafap.v5i3.1863.

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In later a long time, there has been an increment within the request for scientific bookkeepers due to an increment in debasement cases that are progressively complex and high. However, with expanding request, there's a lopsidedness between supply and request. The supply that the analyst implies is measurable bookkeeping instruction that make legal bookkeepers. Hence, this study points to decide the contrasts within the competencies of scientific bookkeeping specialists that must be had by the education on measurable bookkeeping advertised. This ponders employments essential information within the shape of perceptions and interviews. The test of this inquiries about measured to 17 websites from a few colleges overseas and colleges in Indonesia and this study utilized three tests of asset people from two distinctive teach. This investigate could be an expressive subjective inquire about utilizing triangulation test of information sources. This consider found that there are contrasts of supposition between scientific bookkeeping professionals and academics with respect to the competencies that legal bookkeepers must have and with respect to the themes of courses and educational modules. The results have suggestions that the bookkeeping ponder program can contain course themes that are not as it were related to specialized viewpoints but too delicate abilities and difficult abilities that a legal bookkeeper ought to have. Keywords: Capability, gap, requirement, forensic accounting, offer, colleges

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5

Rush, James C., and Frederick T. Evers. "‘Making the Match’ Skill Supply—Demand Gap in Canada." Industry and Higher Education 7, no. 2 (June 1993): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229300700202.

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The acquisition and development of skills required to function in the world of work are of obvious importance to any society. More than ever, a country's competitiveness depends on the skills of its workforce. What do we know about required skills? Which skills are truly important? How are these skills developed? What are formal organizations doing about skill development? In Canada, the ‘Making the Match’ research project, started in 1985, has been seeking answers to these questions.

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6

Sahin, Oz, Rodney A. Stewart, and Fernanda Helfer. "Bridging the Water Supply–demand Gap in Australia: Coupling Water Demand Efficiency with Rain-independent Desalination Supply." Water Resources Management 29, no. 2 (September 14, 2014): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0794-9.

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7

Gautam, Shriniwas, Yam Kanta Gaihre, Ganga Dutta Acharya, Prabin Dongol, and Dyutiman Choudhary. "Fertilizer demand-supply gap and avenues for policy revisits in Nepal." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 20, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v20i2.63583.

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Nepal's farmers report fertilizer shortages yearly, especially for rice, wheat, and maize production. A reliable and established approach to estimating the actual demand for fertilizers for different crops and cropping seasons is lacking. Therefore, it is difficult to project the types and quantity of fertilizer to import and allocate across various regions in the country. With the direct involvement of the Government of Nepal (GoN) in fertilizer import, price (subsidy), and distribution, together with the high affinity of farmers for the subsidy, there is no incentive for the private sector to import and distribute fertilizers. Thus, farmers’ access to fertilizers in the country depends primarily on the subsidy budget, quantity and types of fertilizers imported, and their distribution management. In this study, the fertilizer demands, both at the national and sub-national levels, were estimated through a survey of cooperatives that distribute subsidized fertilizers in the country. Our estimate suggests that the fertilizer supplied in 2018/19 was only 60% of the total effective demand in the country. With this estimate of the demand-supply gap and the price variability across provinces, short, medium, and long-term policy recommendations are made to improve the supply of chemical fertilizer in the country SAARC J. Agric., 20(2): 223-234 (2022)

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8

Green, Whitfield, Michael Adendorff, and B. Mathebula. "‘Minding the gap?’ A national foundation phase teacher supply and demand analysis: 2012-2020." South African Journal of Childhood Education 4, no. 3 (December 30, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v4i3.222.

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This paper explores the extent to which foundation phase teacher supply meets demand in South Africa, against a backdrop of considerable change in an education system endeavouring to fulfil the needs of a 21st century society while still battling with significant inequalities in the distribution of skills. The primary purpose of the paper is to use recently sourced teacher education data from a range of national databases to determine to what extent state-led interventions are assisting to meet the foundation phase teacher supply and demand challenge. The data, as well as the more qualitative aspects of their context, are analysed at the macro (national) level to present a more nuanced picture of foundation phase teacher supply and demand. The study attempts to move beyond simply basing an analysis of supply and demand on teacher attrition, and takes into account multiple variables that should be considered in supply and demand planning. It also goes beyond simply matching supply to demand in the most recent year for which data is available, to forecasting a future scenario which will need to be planned for. The paper concludes by suggesting steps that should be taken to ensure a better match between supply and demand.

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9

Zhu, Ran, and Yiping Fang. "Application of a Water Supply-Demand Balance Model to Set Priorities for Improvements in Water Supply Systems: A Case Study from the Koshi River Basin, Nepal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031606.

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Water scarcity is one of the leading challenges for sustainable development in the context of climate change, particularly for agriculturally reliant countries. Inadequate water supplies tend to generate environmental and health issues. Improvements in water supply systems should give priority to the region with the most severe mismatch between water supply and demand. To set priorities for the improvement of water supply systems, this study proposed a water supply-demand balance model to quantify the water supply-demand gap in the Koshi River basin and compared it with the traditional water vulnerability model. The results suggested that (1) the water supply-demand balance model had good applicability to the Koshi River basin and was superior to traditional models in identifying the region with the most severe mismatch; (2) the shortage of agricultural water was much more serious than that of domestic water in the basin; (3) the largest supply-demand gap of domestic water was in Tarai and that of agricultural water was in the hill areas; and (4) Four districts, including Lalitpur, Mahottari, Makwanpur, and Solukhumbu, were found to be the most water-stressed regions and priority should be given to them. Based on these findings, the priority setting in the improvement of water supply systems and adaptation strategies for mitigating water stress from the perspectives of the government, communities, and households were presented. It helps design water supply systems that match heterogeneous demands and optimize systems operation. Targeted improvements in water supply systems can make limited funds available to benefit more residents.

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10

Hasan, Tasneem F., Marion T. Turnbull, Kenneth A. Vatz, Maisha T. Robinson, Elizabeth A. Mauricio, and William D. Freeman. "Burnout and attrition." Neurology 93, no. 23 (November 5, 2019): 1002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008583.

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Neurology faces an increasing shortage of neurologists in the United States due to a growing demand for neurologic services. A 7% increase in the supply of neurologists is predicted from 2012 to 2025, whereas the demand will rise by 16%. An increase in the neurology workforce is critical to meet the demands, and a significant gender gap remains within the workforce that must be addressed to further ease the discrepancy between supply and demand. Individual, institutional, and societal factors contribute to this gender discrepancy and potentially result in the burnout or soft attrition of women from neurology. These factors, including earning disparity between male and female neurologists, one of the largest gaps in pay for any medical specialty, and the lack of representation at higher academic levels with only 12% (14 of 113) of neurology department chairs at academic medical centers being women, could lead to increased attrition of women from neurology. Identifying and mitigating these factors may help narrow the gender gap and increase the supply of neurologists to better meet future demand.

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11

Lee, M., H. Nam, and C. Jun. "ORIGIN-DESTINATION-BASED PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICE GAP." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W9 (October 30, 2018): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w9-283-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> There are some studies that analyze public transport service gap by region from comparing supply and demand. However, due to data limitations, previous studies were limited in subdividing region-based service gap by Origin-Destination (O-D). This study analyzes the gaps of public transport services based on O-D, a micro spatial unit. The data used in this study include timetable of public transport and smart card data stored with transportation used records of individual users. The supply index presented in this study is based on O-D travel time considering for temporal fluctuation. And the demand index is explained in terms of actual traffic of O-D. The proposed methodology is applied to Seoul metropolitan city and the analysis for identifying service gap is conducted along major time periods of a day. Visualization is performed on some O-D pairs that require improvements in supply relative to demand. The areas where disparities in service exist were identified.</p>

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12

Luo, Chang, and Xiangyi Li. "Assessment of Ecosystem Service Supply, Demand, and Balance of Urban Green Spaces in a Typical Mountainous City: A Case Study on Chongqing, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182011002.

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Objective measurement of the supply–demand of ecosystem services (ESs) has received increasing attention from recent studies. It reflects the relationship between green spaces and human society. However, these studies rarely assess the mountainous cities. To fill this gap, this study takes a typical mountainous city as a research case to reveal the supply–demand relationship of ecosystem services, then development and management strategies are proposed for different districts according to their spatial differentiation characteristics. Results shows that: (1) there are differences of ESs supply between each district, and supply from Banan District is significantly higher than others. (2) The demands for ES also vary widely, which are higher in the core urban areas. (3) There are different degrees of imbalance between supply and demand in each district. We classified green spaces into four types based on their supply–demand characteristics, and optimization strategies are proposed. We found that most of the districts are lack of ES supply while there is a relatively high demand for ES in Chongqing, and the balance of supply and demand between different districts varies greatly. Our study indicates that targeted urban green spaces strategies for different districts must be considered to adequately optimize ES in mountainous cities.

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13

Sun, Boyang, and Xiaohua Yang. "Simulation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Xiong’an New Area Based on System Dynamics Model." Water 11, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051085.

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In order to comprehensively evaluate the water resources carrying capacity in Xiong’an New Area, a system dynamics (SD) model was established to evaluate the regional water resources carrying capacity, for which several scenarios were designed: the original development scenario, the accelerated industrialization scenario, the environmental governance scenario, and the optimization development scenario. The results show that, compared with the original development scenario, the water resources carrying capacity in Xiong’an New Area can be improved in other scenarios, but a water supply and demand gap will be generated due to the lack of groundwater overdraft and a water transfer project. In 2026, under the accelerated industrialization scenario, the population carrying capacity will be 2.652 million, and the water supply and demand gap will be 1.13 × 108 m3; under the environmental governance scenario, the population carrying capacity will be 2.36 million, and the water supply and demand gap will be 0.44 × 108 m3; under the optimal development scenario, the population carrying capacity will be 2.654 million, and since the supply of water resources will be greater than the demand, there will not be a gap between supply and demand, making it the most feasible scenario to effectively alleviate the tension between industry restructuring, environmental management, and water resources development and utilization. The findings of this study can provide reference and decision support for optimizing regional water resources allocation and enhancing water resources carrying capacity in Xiong’an New Area.

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14

Whittaker, J. Gregg. "Skills Gap – A Strategy for Increasing Knowledge Worker Supply & Demand." Journal of Business 1, no. 4 (September 29, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/job.v1i4.42.

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The U.S. Economy has been and continues to be burdened with a “Skills Gap” where the skills of the available workforce are mismatched with the skilled talent needs of employer. The skills gap is especially evident among knowledge workers. Millions of people in the US are looking for jobs while millions of skilled jobs remain open. The unemployed and the underemployed in general do not posess the professional skills necessary for the jobs that are available. The conundrum is this recognized shortage of skilled knowledge workers has not led to the expected increase in salaries traditional economic analysis would suggest. This paper explains the true economic analysis of the skills gap in terms of an economic “wedge” that supresses knowledge worker saleries in the face of worker shortages. The paper recognizes a systemic disharmony between the momentum of traditional higher education and the rapidly changing needs and demands for professional skill sets in the marketplace. Traditional academic institutions are not predisposed to creating job-ready professionals that meet market needs, and private sector businesses are not positioned to fill the professional education, training and development gaps that exist. Significant opportunities exist to reposition the players to cerate opportunities for both academic intuitions and private sector companies to address the skills gap problem efficiently and effectively.

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15

Sinha, Amit, William P. Millhiser, and Yuanjie He. "Matching supply with demand in supply chain management education." International Journal of Logistics Management 27, no. 3 (November 14, 2016): 837–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-03-2015-0058.

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Purpose The field of supply chain management (SCM) evolves dramatically due to factors of globalization, innovation, sustainability, and technology. These changes raise challenges not only to higher education institutions, but also to students, employing organizations, and third parties like SCM-related professional bodies. To understand the challenge, the purpose of this paper is to examine the gap between demand and supply of SCM-related knowledge areas, answer-related design questions, and make recommendations to close the gaps. Design/methodology/approach To compare the demand and supply of SCM-related knowledge areas, demand data is collected from a professional career website and supply data is gathered from operations management (OM) and SCM course syllabi from AACSB-accredited business schools in the USA. Cluster analysis identifies how supply and demand are matched on the data collected. Findings First, gaps exist between SCM talent requirements from industry and the knowledge/skill training by US business schools. This paper identifies matching, under-supplying, and over-supplying knowledge areas. Under-supply in emerging areas such as SCM information technology and certain logistics management topics are found. Some traditional OM topics are over-supplied due to out-of-date industry applications and should be revised to reflect the field’s transition from an OM to SCM view. Last, this paper makes recommendations to different stakeholders in this matching supply with demand process. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it provides an up-to-date understanding on demand and supply of SCM talent in USA. Second, it provides insights and recommendations not only to educators on curriculum design, but also to potential candidates interested in SCM careers, to companies’ job recruiters, and to professional organizations (such as APICS and Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals) to reduce the gaps between demand and supply.

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16

Lim, Jeongmi, and Youngkwang Lee. "Analysis and Prospects for the Supply-Demand Gap of Care Workers." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 12, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 2255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.12.6.159.

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17

Harry, Ku Siu Lung, Wen Peng, and Xiang Wei. "Engineering Education in China and Australia: Addressing the Demand-supply Gap." HKIE Transactions 17, no. 2 (January 2010): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.2010.10668192.

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Balaji Prabhu B. V. and M. Dakshayini. "Machine Learning-Based Decision Support System for Effective Quality Farming." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 82–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.2021010105.

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Although Big data analytics, machine learning and cloud technologies have been acknowledged as better enablers in revolutionizing the quality of agricultural systems, in most of the developing nations like India there is no able system to effectively survey the real grocery needs of the society and accordingly educate the farmers to grow and supply the crops. Due to lack of such process, there is no synchronization between demand and supply of food crops, and hence, most of the time farmers suffer with loss and consumers suffer from high varied prices. In order to address this problem, data about the demand, supply, and price variation of various crops of different seasons of the year have been collected and analysed. The analysis results have shown a huge gap between demand and supply of crops. Hence, this work proposes novel machine learning-based data analytics system that forecasts the demand for different food crops and regulates the supply accordingly by assisting the farmers in growing the crops based on the demand. Implementation results have shown 92% reduction in the gap.

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19

Wang, Lingli, and Xingchen Zhang. "System Dynamic Model for Simulating Demand-Supply Interaction of Railway Express Freight System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8481708.

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Express freight transportation is a rich seam of profit for China railway, and railway express freight system is a complex system with multiple variables and nonlinear feedback loops. This paper presents a System Dynamic Model for simulating the interaction between demand and supply of railway express freight system in China. The model consists of three submodels including economic environment, demand, supply, and investment, and its validity is verified by running in Vensim DDS software using historical data. In the simulation of period 2000–2025, the three variables are taken as control variables including growth rate of the national economy, railway express freight rate, and investment in fixed railway assets. Three scenarios for each control variable are simulated, and their effects are analyzed to provide beneficial reference for regulating the demand-supply gap of railway express freight. The simulation demonstrated that raising freight rate, adding investment in fixed railway assets, and decelerating economic growth rate are all effective ways to shrink the demand-supply gap of railway express freight. The model can be used to forecast the transport demand of railway express freight and test the outcomes of demand-supply regulating measures.

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20

Ramlee, Shamshubaridah, and Madeline Berma. "Financing gap in Malaysian small-medium enterprises: A supply-side perspective." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 16, no. 5 (December 7, 2013): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.641.

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In Malaysia, the issue of financing gap in Small Medium Enterprise (SME) financing is common, but hardly discussed nor researched. The issue of financing gap or lacuna arises due to the mismatch between the demand and supply of institutional funds for SMEs. SMEs contend that finance for SMEs are abundant, however, the supply of bank financing is largely unavailable to them. Banks, on the other hand, maintain that lending to these SMEs remains low because of lack of qualified demand. This brought to the forefront the issue of financing lacuna; a perennial issue in many developing countries, including Malaysia. The objective of this paper is to discuss the financing lacuna in Malaysian SMEs, focussing on the supply side. This paper focuses on the supply perspective to fulfil the research gap in understanding the financing lacuna, which has often been overlooked due to the tendency to analyse financing lacuna from the demand side only. This has been based on surveyed data of SME entrepreneurs. This paper outlines the theoretical approaches and practices of SMEs financing in Malaysia, followed by an analysis of the factors that shaped the financing lacuna (gap).

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Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Joseph A. McCahery, Dirk Schoenmaker, and Dragana Stanisic. "Estimating the Financing Gap of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 12, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 20–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.12.2.2018.20-100.

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Using a novel methodology, we estimate the gap between supply and demand financing of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing in several European countries. We find the largest loan gap spreads are in Poland and the Netherlands. Specifically, our results show the upper boundary of the loan gap is the lowest in Romania and the highest in the Netherlands. Moreover, the lowest lower boundary of the equity gap is in the Netherlands, while the highest lower boundary is in Romania. Overall, our results suggest that there is a significant difference between the estimated demand and supply of equity, which is on average 3% of GDP.

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Wang, Zheng, Yue Huang, Tie Liu, Chanjuan Zan, Yunan Ling, and Chenyu Guo. "Analysis of the Water Demand-Supply Gap and Scarcity Index in Lower Amu Darya River Basin, Central Asia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020743.

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Lower reaches of the Amu Darya River Basin (LADB) is one of the typical regions which is facing the problem of water shortage in Central Asia. During the past decades, water resources demand far exceeds that supplied by the mainstream of the Amu Darya River, and has resulted in a continuous decrease in the amount of water flowing into the Aral Sea. Clarifying the dynamic relationship between the water supply and demand is important for the optimal allocation and sustainable management of regional water resources. In this study, the relationship and its variations between the water supply and demand in the LADB from the 1970s to 2010s were analyzed by detailed calculation of multi-users water demand and multi-sources water supply, and the water scarcity indices were used for evaluating the status of water resources utilization. The results indicated that (1) during the past 50 years, the average total water supply (TWS) was 271.88 × 108 m3/y, and the average total water demand (TWD) was 467.85 × 108 m3/y; both the volume of water supply and demand was decreased in the LADB, with rates of −1.87 × 108 m3/y and −15.59 × 108 m3/y. (2) percentages of the rainfall in TWS were increased due to the decrease of inflow from the Amu Darya River; percentage of agriculture water demand was increased obviously, from 11.04% in the 1970s to 44.34% in 2010s, and the water demand from ecological sector reduced because of the Aral Sea shrinking. (3) the supply and demand of water resources of the LADB were generally in an unbalanced state, and water demand exceeded water supply except in the 2010s; the water scarcity index decreased from 2.69 to 0.94, indicating the status changed from awful to serious water scarcity. A vulnerable balanced state has been reached in the region, and that water shortages remain serious in the future, which requires special attention to the decision-makers of the authority.

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Wu, Xiangyu, and Yunlong Ding. "The Service Supply Effect of Cooperatives under Economic Transformation: A Demand-Supply Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 29, 2018): 3075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093075.

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As an important part of the sustainable development of agriculture in China, cooperatives have become a hot topic. However, previous literature has mixed results on the relationship between quantity growth and service supply effect of cooperatives. By conducting multiple correspondence analysis, descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s chi-square test on survey data of 785 farmers, this paper aims to describe the characteristics of cooperatives’ members and evaluate the current state of cooperatives’ service supply from a demand-supply perspective. The results of the survey show that male, middle-aged, and middle-class farmers or farmers who plant local optimal crops are more likely to become the members of cooperatives. There is a huge gap between service supply and demand of farmers; cooperatives have a positive effect on reducing the degree of service demand. This effect is only significant when concerning sale, pest control, and mechanization. On the whole, there is a weak correlative relationship between the current service supply of cooperatives and the service demand of farmers in China.

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Wei, Jin Yu, Ai Fen Sun, and Hui Wang. "Research on the Supply and Demand Status of Highly Skilled Talents in China Based on Cubic Function Model." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1581.

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With the continuous progress and innovation of science and technology, as well as the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, professional and high skilled personnel demand becomes more and more. But there is a large gap between the supply and demand of high skilled talents. The serious shortage of skilled talents will be the bottleneck to sustainable development of social and economic. Using the method of quadratic functions model and cubic functions model, the supply and demand of the skilled personnel are analyzed quantitatively and the future trend of supply and demand of highly skilled talents are forecasted, in order to find out the supply shortfall of it.

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Janjua, Shahmir, Ishtiaq Hassan, Mahdi Zarghami, and Shafiqul Islam. "Addressing the supply-demand gap in shared rivers using water diplomacy framework: utility of game theory in the Indus river within Pakistan." Water Policy 22, no. 5 (September 21, 2020): 789–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.109.

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Abstract The question of how to govern and manage transboundary river basin for competing and often conflicting demands due to limited supplies continues to be an issue of concern, conflict, and cooperation. A key novelty of this paper is the use of the Water Diplomacy Framework (WDF) to address supply-demand mismatch using the notion of collaborative problem-solving and joint fact-finding. It builds on innovative applications of game-theoretic approaches and uses equity and sustainability as guiding principles to address the supply-demand mismatch. Five different bankruptcy methods (net benefit ranges between US$17,462M to US$18,201M) and the Nash Bargaining Solution (net benefit ranges between US$18,132M to US$19,216M) are used to resolve supply-demand mismatch in the Indus basin among four provinces within Pakistan. The maximum total benefit generated from the Nash Bargaining Solution is 5.5% higher compared to the best bankruptcy method. Moving from the non-cooperative and rule-based bankruptcy methods to the Nash Bargaining Solutions provided increased benefit for all stakeholders. Reallocation of these increased benefits among the four provinces is done by applying the Nash Bargaining Solutions for homogenous and heterogeneous weights. These findings suggest that aspects of WDF – cooperative problem-solving approaches involving joint fact-finding and exploring different options – has the potential to simultaneously resolve supply-demand mismatch and generate more benefits for all stakeholders.

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Li, Bingjun, and Weiming Yang. "Analysis of the Influence Factors of Grain Supply-Demand Gap in China." Agricultural Sciences 09, no. 07 (2018): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2018.97062.

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Malek, Sayeed. "Innovative Strategies Seek to Narrow the Gap between Kidney Supply and Demand." Nephrology Times 1, no. 2 (February 2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nep.0000334583.53175.db.

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Hameed, Raza. "Demand and Supply Issue (2008-2009)." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 4II (December 1, 2008): 1029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.1029-1033.

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In 1994 our major source of power was hydel. Cost of hydel is only in the beginning which includes construction of dam and water reservoir. It is the cheapest source with no input cost and very low administrative cost .It is the best natural way of producing energy. No noise, no pollution and many associated benefits. This source cost wapda less than Rs1 per unit. In 1994 IPPs came into action using thermal power generators running on diesel. After purchasing electricity from IPPs the purchase price of Wapda increased up to Rs 6 and 12 per unit depending on the deals with different IPPs. This method proved to be very costly and full of pollution. Due to price hike of diesel in the past, the input cost (cost of diesel) increased by many fold. So the economy was hit and the balance of payment was disturbed badly. Actually this method was meant for short term solution. But due to political instability we lost our sight from the real scene and based our future energy plan on a very costly method. Why? Answer is, as a nation including politicians, bureaucrats, policy makers and everybody enjoy their present leaving and passing these queries, fears and problems to the next generation hoping that all will be well. More than 35 years past away and no concrete solution appeared. But the people of Pakistan specially our new generation are facing this bitter truth i.e., load shedding We have lost rather wasted our precious 35 years. We cannot makeup this gap. Whenever we will try to make a deal with the foreign investors regarding any power generation project, it will always be unfair. unfair why? Because, when somebody knows that you are dying for what he has, he will blackmail you and make u go his way. This is called business. We have lost both the time and competitiveness. If we go on making deals with IPPs now known as “Rental power houses” which will provide us electricity as high as Rs19 per unit. We will lose a lot in all fields. Such as:

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Dwyer, Bruce, Keith Duncan, and Colette Southam. "Small-scale private equity: demand versus supply." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-05-2019-0096.

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Purpose This paper aims to bridge the gap between theoretical dissertations on the demand and supply for equity by Australian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the reality of the capital raising markets. Design/methodology/approach The mixed-methods approach includes questions integrated into a survey of 26,000 SMEs paired with semi-structured interviews with the CEOs or Chairs of the 15 Australian small-scale private equity (SSPE) firms. Findings Contrary to capital structure theory expectations, 46 per cent of Australian SMEs are interested in equity funding, despite a stated ability to acquire additional debt. The authors reveal a mismatch between supply and demand for SSPE with few SMEs able to meet private equity (PE) firms’ stringent investment criteria. Research limitations/implications The population of Australian SSPE firms is small and interviewee responses are qualitative and are not easily replicated. Practical implications To improve SSPE market liquidity, SMEs must overcome severe information asymmetry to demonstrate their quality and reduce the cost of due diligence for PE firms. One relatively easy step is for SMEs to voluntarily adopt auditable financial controls on SMEs similar to publicly traded firms. Originality/value Few studies focus on small firm equity, which is essential to economic growth and innovation. The authors use a large data set of Australian SMEs and unique informationally rich interview data on the population of Australian firms in SSPE, an industry known for its lack of transparency.

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Yamamoto, Eva Mia Siska, Takahiro Sayama, and Kaoru Takara. "Impact of Rapid Tourism Growth on Water Scarcity in Bali, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Limnology 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51264/inajl.v2i1.14.

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Despite Bali’s dependency on tourism, concerns over the impact of tourism on water scarcity are increasing. The objective of this study is to analyze the clean water demand related to tourism growth and compare them with the available clean water supply. This study suggested that tourism water demand has increased by 20.8 million m3 (295%) from 1988 to 2013. Sixty-eight percent of the increase was concentrated in Badung Regency, where the tourism water demand ratio has increased from 31% to 46%. The study also suggested that rapid population growth has caused an increase in domestic water demand by 48.3 million m3 (48%). This study also shows that the capacity of clean water supply in Bali has increased significantly to meet these demands and the water supply coverage of domestic water demand has increased significantly from 13% in 1988 to 53% in 2013. The water supply coverage of tourism demand varies from year to year with an average of 28% in the study period. The increasing issues over water scarcity despite the improvement in the coverage of domestic water demand suggest further investigations. Yet, despite the large gap between supply and demand in the tourism sector the industry still can have undisrupted clean water throughout the year. This indicates the use of alternative clean water which can be obtained locally such as groundwater. Wise water management through the sharing of scientific data, including in the tourism sector is imperative in solving water scarcity in Bali. Keywords: clean water demand, water scarcity, Badung Regency

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Lin, Yanqiu. "Supply Gap of Urban and Rural Public Goods Based on Big Data Mining Technology." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (March 29, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9554996.

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The issue of the supply gap of public goods (PG) between urban and rural (UR) areas is a subject of great socio-economic significance and practical research value. To a large extent, it is related to the smooth progress of my country’s socialist market economy. The gap between the supply and demand of UR PG can be well analyzed by applying data mining (DM) technology in the era of big data. Due to the unbalanced supply of UR PG, this paper studies the distribution gap of UR PG through DM. This article mainly uses experimental, comparative, and survey methods to compare and analyze the urban-rural income gap and uses modern technology to describe the relationship between the supply of PG and income. Experimental results show that the UR income gap ratio is above 2, and the gap is still large. Therefore, for the supply of PG, there are also certain differences between UR areas.

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He, Ge. "Equilibrium-oriented housing supply: A case study of Chengdu City, China." Panoeconomicus 60, no. 4 (2013): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1304557h.

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There is a growing concern regarding housing supply management because of soaring housing prices consequent to recent market failure in China. This study is aimed at presenting an equilibrium-oriented housing supply management model that integrates housing supply and demand with time lag and reasonable vacancy area. For validity test of the model, Chengdu City was selected as a sample. The study establishes the feasibility of this model by demonstrating that optimized housing supply can narrow the gap between housing supply and demand. The implication of this finding is that planning of housing supply is an important management tool and that in applying this tool, local government should intervene in housing market to ensure scientific consideration of city's development position, economic growth and housing demand.

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KLOFSTEN, MAGNUS, and ANN-SOFI MIKAELSSON. "SUPPORT OF SMALL BUSINESS FIRMS: ENTREPRENEURS’ VIEWS OF THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY SIDE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, no. 04 (December 1996): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495896000241.

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Like many other countries, Sweden is putting a lot of effort into the development of effective support for small firms. This has resulted in the emergence of a number of programmes intended to increase the number and quality of start-ups and to improve their chances of survival and further growth. In the development of support programmes, it is important to be aware of potential barriers on the demand side (the perceived benefit of taking part in programmes) as well as on the supply side (the support organisation’s ability to develop satisfactory programmes). This paper presents the preliminary results of a survey of 158 technology-based firms in and around Linköping, Sweden. The focus of this research was to study the dynamics of the firm’s participation in the support programmes. The firm’s attitude towards support programmes, how the gap between demand and supply occurs, as well as, how this gap could be bridged to achieve effective support activities was studied. The results showed that the supply-demand gap became apparent when the firm’s situation was compared to its participation in various programmes. The implications of the study are that the support organisations should be focused on the firms’ real needs, that they should facilitate communication between their organisation and the small firm sector and should secure a supply of good programme managers.

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Dev, Aakash, Timo C. Dilly, Amin E. Bakhshipour, Ulrich Dittmer, and S. Murty Bhallamudi. "Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems." Water 13, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152004.

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A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

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Yang, Jia Zhi, Fei Yang, Sheng Li Yi, Cun Bo Jiang, Xing Ming Fan, and Fan Yang. "Simulative and Experimental Research of High Isolate High Voltage Pulsed Power Supply." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1429.

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A high amplitude, fast rising time, and high isolating strength trigger signal is needed for triggering spark gap switch. A high voltage power supply scheme was verified by means of simulation in this paper. Proper parameters of power supply circuit were selected according to the simulation result. Finally, a pulsed power supply was developed. The experimental results show that a negative pulse with 25 kV isolating strength and 15 kV amplitude can be generated by the power supply, and this generated negative pulse can meet the demand of triggering spark gap switch.

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An, Min, Lijuan Fan, Jin Huang, Wenjing Yang, Hailin Wu, Xiao Wang, and Ribesh Khanal. "The gap of water supply—Demand and its driving factors: From water footprint view in Huaihe River Basin." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0247604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247604.

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Climate change, population growth, the development of industrialization and urbanization are increasing the demand for water resources, but the water pollution is reducing the limited water supply. In recent years, the gap between water supply and demand which shows water scarcity situation is becoming more serious. Clear knowing this gap and its main driving factors could help us to put forward water protection measures correctly. We take the data of Huaihe River Basin from 2001 to 2016 as an example and use ecological water footprint to describe the demand, with the water carrying capacity representing the supply. We analyze the water supply-demand situation of Huaihe River Basin and its five provinces from footprint view in time and space. Then we apply the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model to analyze the driving factors of the ecological water footprint. The results show that: (1) the supply and demand balance of Huaihe River Basin was only achieved in year 2003 and 2005. There is also a large difference between Jiangsu province and other provinces in Huaihe River basin, most years in Jiangsu province per capital ecological footprint of water is more than 1 hm2/person except the years of 2003, 2015, and 2016. But other provinces are all less than 1 hm2/person. (2) Through the decomposition of water demand drivers, we concluded that economic development is the most important factor, with an annual contribution of more than 60%. Our study provides countermeasures and suggestions for the management and optimal allocation of water resources in Huaihe River Basin, and also provides reference for the formulation of water-saving policies in the world.

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Sharma, Sanjay, and Sanjaysingh Vijaysingh Patil. "Development of Holistic Framework Incorporating Collaboration, Supply-Demand Synchronization, Traceability and Vertical Integration in Agri-Food Supply Chain." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 4, no. 4 (October 2011): 18–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisscm.2011100102.

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Successful implementation of food supply chains in improving the productivity and operational efficiency by some companies made many other firms and researchers courteous about this fast developing field. For successful strategies, organizations in agri-food business are aiming to bring all its stakeholders in close cooperation. The agri-food supply chain aims at optimal warehousing and location design, supply-demand synchronization, checking price variations and ultimately minimizing waste and improving productivity at every stage leveraging Information Technology (IT). This research reviews the supply chain status in agri-food sector, categorizes available literature, assesses the influential articles, and proposes the holistic framework in agri-food supply chain. From the literature review, it is observed that the research articles have addressed agri-food supply chain up to a certain point and confined to the apt ideas of supply projections, demand projections, supply-demand disparity, traceability, collaborations etc. There is a need for extensive research to reconsider warehouse and location design, supply-demand projections and gap analysis, transshipment strategies and traceability in an integrated manner. The present study proposes holistic framework addressing the issues of supply-demand synchronization, warehouse design, transportation optimization, traceability, vertical integration and farmer’s credit facility.

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Liu, Qun Yi, An Jian Wang, and Qi Shen Chen. "China's Copper Resources Supply the Challenge and Countermeasures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 3089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.3089.

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In the next 20 years, how many copper resources China has, when the peak demand peak comes, how great is the supply gap, and how to deal with that situation? Scientific answer these questions is important premise to reasonably establish the national copper resources supply strategy, and guarantee the safety of Chinese copper resources. The next 20 years, even by low growth situation, China's copper demand will also be more than half of total of 20 century global copper consumption, the domestic copper resources supply capacity cannot satisfy the demand, external dependence will be maintained for a long time in 70% or so, which should be paid attention to, scientific deployed, and dealt with.

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Jain, Nirupa. "Energy Crisis, Resource Scarcity, and Innovations in Biofuels." Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 07, no. 02 (June 19, 2020): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.202007.

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Natural resources are scarce and there is a need to explore new resources to meet the rising demand for energy. There is also a need to meet sustainable development goals through proper planning and strategy. Fossil fuel has a finite supply and there will be a huge gap between demand and supply due to rising demand. There is a need to develop biofuel to replace fossil fuel. This paper gives a discussion about current issues and future directions in these sectors.

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Saleem, Arfa, Imran Mahmood, Hessam Sarjoughian, Hasan Arshad Nasir, and Asad Waqar Malik. "A Water Evaluation and Planning-based framework for the long-term prediction of urban water demand and supply." SIMULATION 97, no. 5 (January 31, 2021): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549720984250.

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Increased usage and non-efficient management of limited resources has created the risk of water resource scarcity. Due to climate change, urbanization, and lack of effective water resource management, countries like Pakistan are facing difficulties coping with the increasing water demand. Rapid urbanization and non-resilient infrastructures are the key barriers in sustainable urban water resource management. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the challenges of urban water management through effective means. We propose a workflow for the modeling and simulation of sustainable urban water resource management and develop an integrated framework for the evaluation and planning of water resources in a typical urban setting. The proposed framework uses the Water Evaluation and Planning system to evaluate current and future water demand and the supply gap. Our simulation scenarios demonstrate that the demand–supply gap can effectively be dealt with by dynamic resource allocation, in the presence of assumptions, for example, those related to population and demand variation with the change of weather, and thus work as a tool for informed decisions for supply management. In the first scenario, 23% yearly water demand is reduced, while in the second scenario, no unmet demand is observed due to the 21% increase in supply delivered. Similarly, the overall demand is fulfilled through 23% decrease in water demand using water conservation. Demand-side management not only reduces the water usage in demand sites but also helps to save money, and preserve the environment. Our framework coupled with a visualization dashboard deployed in the water resource management department of a metropolitan area can assist in water planning and effective governance.

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Perdana, Yandra Rahadian. "SUPPLY CHAIN UNCERTAINTY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INDONESIA’S AGRO-INDUSTRY." Agrointek : Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian 15, no. 3 (August 19, 2021): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v15i3.9306.

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Supply chain management (SCM) is a multi-stakeholder network for managing the flow of raw materials, finished products, information and money. The supply chain’s network refers to the interdependencies of the processes and activities. Taking this into account, stakeholders deal with an environment of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA). The dynamic nature of the supply chain’s environment implies uncertainty in the upstream and downstream sides. Drawing from the literature, manufacturers need to mitigate any uncertainty in their supply chains, which can consist of supply, demand, and technology uncertainties. However, the previous literature neglected any discussion of supply chain uncertainty in the context of the agro-industry. Hence, to answer this gap, this study aimed to investigate the supply chain’s environmental uncertainty factors in the agro-industry’s sectors. Accordingly, this study obtained 30 respondents from the agro-industry in Indonesia. This study reported that the agro-industry in Indonesia has uncertainties about supply, demand and technology. It is faced with the inability of suppliers to consistently deliver raw materials, in terms of their quantity and quality. Meanwhile, demand uncertainty is caused by the fluctuations in customers’ demands and the industry’s low forecasting accuracy. Moreover, the rapidly changing technology has implications for uncertainty in services and product standards; making it difficult for manufacturers to anticipate the changes. This uncertainty in the supply chain’s environment needs to be controlled by the agro-industry through supply chain integration

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FRØYLAND, KJETIL, TONE ALM ANDREASSEN, and SIMON INNVÆR. "Contrasting Supply-side, Demand-side and Combined Approaches to Labour Market Integration." Journal of Social Policy 48, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000491.

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AbstractIn social policy discussions about activation or ALMP (Active Labour Market Policies), most attention is paid to supply-side approaches, directed towards jobless individuals. In these discussions, little attention is given to demand-side approaches aimed at activating employers, or combined workplace-oriented approaches that combine supply and demand-side elements. The aim of this article is to introduce demand-side and combined approaches developed within the fields of disability policy and vocational rehabilitation to scholarly discussions about activation and ALMP.By comparing these three approaches, we show that demand-side and combined approaches challenge key assumptions underlying the dominant supply-side approaches. They do so by representing different views of a) work – as a right instead of a duty; b) the problem of reduced work capacity – not as individual failure, but rather as a prejudice in attitudes among employers or as a gap between capacities and demands; c) the employers and the labour market – as transformable instead of fixed.Supply-side, demand-side and combined workplace-oriented approaches share the aim of labour market integration; however, their developments seem to have taken place largely in isolation from each other. We argue that when brought together they could form a more comprehensive base for further development of labour market integration.

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Ghafoor, Mubarik Ali, and Abedullah . "Supply, Demand, and Policy Environment for Pulses in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i1pp.35-52.

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This paper fills an information gap regarding factors affecting the supply and demand of pulses in Pakistan. The short- and long-term supply elasticities were estimated using the Nerlovian partial adjustment process, while demand elasticities were estimated by applying the Deaton and Muellbauer Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Generally lack of technological innovation in pulses, except in mungbean, has reduced their production and they are pushed to low intensive areas which are marginal for cereal and cash crop production. Pulses did not benefit from the investment in irrigation infrastructure. Increase in wage rates has further affected the mungbean and lentil production. On the demand side, contrary to normal belief, pulses have high own-price demand and income elasticities. Thus decline in pulses consumption is not caused by their being regarded as inferior goods, rather it can be attributed to disproportionate increase in pulses price, as laxity in pulses research left their production behind demand. The high-yielding, short-duration, and pest-resistant pulses varieties with synchronised maturity can revive their production trend as well as improve the dietary pattern, especially of the poor.

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Liu, Jin-peng, Yu Tian, Hao Zheng, and Tao Yi. "Research on Dynamic Evolution Simulation and Sustainability Evaluation Model of China’s Power Supply and Demand System." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 25, 2019): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12102009.

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Power supply and demand systems are important support systems for industrial production and residents’ lives. They have multiple influencing factors, and complex mechanisms of interaction exist among these factors. In view of the present sustainability problems faced by China’s power supply and demand system, this research adopts a system dynamics (SD) model to simulate the evolution of China’s power supply and demand system, and analyzes the interaction mechanism of various elements of the system. Based on this, an innovative index system for the evaluation of the sustainability of power supply and demand systems is proposed based on the four elements of total amount, structure, technology and environment. Furthermore, by integrating Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and State Space (SS) method, a PCA-SS evaluation model is constructed to explore the development bottleneck of China’s power supply and demand system. The results show that there is still a large gap between the actual sustainability and the ideal range, and that the sustainability of structural and environmental layers needs further improvement. This research expands the knowledge system regarding the evaluation of the sustainability of power supply and demand systems and provides a theoretical reference for the optimization of China’s power supply and demand system.

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Zimmerman, Derek. "South African Maritime Skills Supply and Demand." South African Journal of Maritime Education and Training 1, no. 1 (2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/sajmet/2022/i1a7.

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The South African International Maritime Institute (SAIMI) is engaged in answering the questions that centre around whether the country’s maritime skills supply matches the industry’s demand. The SAIMI commissioned a study1 to evaluate the maritime skills situation in South Africa, culminating in a final report in 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall demand for maritime and ocean economy skills in order to grow the sector, and to determine whether there is adequate capacity within the skill supply framework to meet this demand. This exercise required an assessment of the anticipated demand and the current supply of skills capacity in South Africa, with any surplus or deficit being clearly highlighted. The author investigated a number of credible studies and international best practice examples within a framework supported by the latest skills data about the supply and demand dynamics in the maritime economy arena. It was found that South Africa is producing graduates with maritime-related qualifications in sufficient numbers, but not with the relevant types of skills required by the industry, which are mainly technical and professional maritime skills. A shift in emphasis is required to prioritise scarce, critical and future-proof skills for the growth of the maritime economy, with a particular emphasis on the maritime skills that will be needed in the context of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). This work was presented to a representative platform of stakeholders in industry, academia and government at the SAIMI Forward Thinking Conference for Maritime Education and Training Excellence2 to review current maritime skills capacity against future demand and to consider collaborative and collective ways to close the skills gap. The outcome of the conference confirmed this report’s findings and recommendations to address these shortcomings. A focussed and driven programme is required within the South African maritime environment to align and accelerate all maritime education, research and skills enhancement to the market needs of the maritime sector, with the private sector directly involved throughout.

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Pandey, Anuja, Sanjay Zodpey, Manoj Murhekar, and Anjali Sharma. "Landscaping capacity-building initiatives in epidemiology in India: bridging the demand–supply gap." WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health 4, no. 2 (2015): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2224-3151.206691.

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ONISHI, Akio, Yoshinobu SATO, and Hiroshi SAO. "UNDERSTANDING OF FUTURE WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP IN EACH PREFECTURE OF JAPAN." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) 71, no. 5 (2015): I_369—I_382. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejer.71.i_369.

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Hossain, K. M. Delowar, M. A. Hakim, S. Mondal, M. A. S. Khan, and A. A. Seddique. "Water Supply and Demand Gap Analysis: A Case Study on Jessore Pourashava, Bangladesh." Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 2, no. 1 (2014): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jbar.020114.14.

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Mokhatab, Saeid. "Letter to the Editor: Future World Oil Supply-demand Gap Set to Widen." Petroleum Science and Technology 25, no. 4 (April 16, 2007): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460701213116.

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Allawi, Mohammed Falah, Othman Jaafar, Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah, and Ahmed El-Shafie. "Novel reservoir system simulation procedure for gap minimization between water supply and demand." Journal of Cleaner Production 206 (January 2019): 928–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.237.

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