Дисертації: "Demand for innovation"

1

McMeekin, Andrew P. "Innovation, demand and environmental sustainability." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488071.

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2

Keller, Joachim. "Essays on innovation and investment decisions under imperfect competition." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209548.

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Innovation incentives are imperfectly provided in market settings: When deciding on their innovation activity, firms tend to focus on the maximization of their private benefits, poorly internalizing social benefits. This thesis analyzes how policy intervention could be designed in order to align private and social incentives.

In the three papers of this thesis, I will consider three environments where firms' choices in a laissez-faire situation may be socially inefficient. The inefficiencies arise because of learning externalities, free riding when the innovation decision is made by a group of participants, or because firms are not willing to invest in a new activity that has a higher social than private value.

In the first thesis paper, I deal with the strategies of firms in innovative consumer product markets characterized by demand uncertainty. I analyze the timing and location decision of firms in that context.

In the second thesis paper, I consider the investment incentives of financial market infrastructures (FMIs). FMIs comprise the set of institutions that allow financial market participants to engage with each other. I assess the innovation incentives for different forms of ownership (user-owned versus third-party owned) and identify infrastructure service provision equilibria.

In the third thesis paper, I address the question of how a government should allocate a subsidy budget over time in order to maximize the innovation activity in an industry.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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3

Kasekende, Elizabeth. "Financial innovation and money demand in sub-Saharan Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23414.

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Financial innovations are considered important factors in the development of the financial sector and economic growth. Following the 2007/2008 financial crisis, their effects, both positive and negative, have become an issue of considerable debate, especially in industrialised countries. While a number of empirical studies on the effects of financial innovation have been undertaken for industrialised countries, few developing country studies exist. This is surprising, given the remarkable growth of financial innovation in some developing economies. In particular, mobile money (M-PESA), a technology first developed in Kenya that enables individuals to transfer, deposit and save money using cell phone technology without necessarily having a bank account, has quickly spread to several developing countries and is expected to continue to expand. This thesis contributes to the limited literature by undertaking a panel study of the effect of financial innovation on money demand in Sub-Saharan Africa as well as a case study of the home of mobile money, Kenya. A third study considers how mobile money has influenced household consumption behaviour using data from Uganda. In chapter two, the effect of financial innovation on money demand in Sub-Saharan Africa is investigated in 34 countries for the period 1980 to 2013 using dynamic panel data estimation techniques. Money demand is found to be relatively stable in the region with financial innovation significant with a negative sign. While the coefficients on the other relevant variables are significant with expected signs, the size of the coefficients change with the inclusion of financial innovation. This suggests that exclusion of financial innovation may have led to biased or misleading estimates of the money demand equation in previous studies, and that financial innovation plays a significant role in explaining money demand in Sub-Saharan Africa. Given the potential importance of this form of financial innovation, a case study of the impact of mobile money on money demand in Kenya is undertaken in chapter three. Using time series analysis on a quarterly basis for the period 2000–2014, the results suggest a positive relationship between mobile money and money demand. The Kenyan demand for money is found to be stable when mobile money is taken into consideration. These results are robust even with the use of alternative measures of mobile money and imply that this particular financial innovation has important implications for the effectiveness of monetary policy in Kenya and possibly in other similar countries. While mobile money has been found to have important macroeconomic effects, there is little research on how it affects the real economy. Chapter four investigates the way this type of financial innovation can alter household behaviour, particularly household consumption patterns. Since data was not available for Kenya, Uganda was used as a case study. It is one of the countries that has been successful in mobile money usage since its introduction in 2009. The Financial Inclusion Tracker Surveys (FITS) household level survey conducted in 2012 also provides valuable data. Using ordinary least squares and seemingly unrelated regression estimation techniques, the results suggest that mobile money users spend less on food, a necessity, and more on luxury goods, than non-users. In addition, mobile money users are more likely to receive more remittances, and as a result, they are able to spend more efficiently on particular commodities than non-users. This suggests that mobile money could potentially improve individuals' livelihoods. Finally, chapter five concludes with a discussion of the summary of the findings from the thesis, the policy implications, and the suggestions for future research.

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4

Patsali, Sofia. "University demand and firm innovation : a quantitative and qualitative evidence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB020.

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Cette thèse étudie la contribution des universités à l'innovation industrielle en insistant sur l'impact de la demande des universités sur les performances d'innovation des entreprises. Dans le premier chapitre, nous proposons une revue de la littérature approfondie des principaux axes de recherche étudiant l’influence des universités sur les entreprises industrielles par le biais de l’achat d’instruments [...] Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous examinons le comportement des fournisseurs d’instruments scientifiques de la deuxième plus grande université publique française - l’Université de Strasbourg - et nous étudions l’impact de la demande des universités sur la performance d’innovation de ces entreprises. [...] La question de recherche abordée dans ce chapitre est la suivante : « Quel est l’impact de la demande des universités sur les performances des fournisseurs en matière d’innovation ? ». [...] Dans le troisième chapitre, nous procédons à des analyses de robustesse approfondies des résultats empiriques émanant des études menées dans le chapitre précédent via deux méthodologies. [...] Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous allons au-delà du point de vue focalisé sur les relations quantitatives, qui ne permet pas d’explorer en profondeur la complexité des relations interpersonnelles et inter organisationnelles qui sous-tendent les processus expliquant les résultats empiriques observés dans les chapitres précédents. [...]
This dissertation studies the contribution of universities to industrial innovation by focusing on the impact that university demand has on the innovative performance of firms.In the first chapter, we conduct an in-depth literature review of the main research streams studying universities’ influence on industrial firms through the procurement of instrumentation. [...] In the second chapter,we consider the scientific instruments suppliers' of the second largest French public university – the University of Strasbourg - and we investigate the impact of university demand on firms’ innovative performance. [...] In the second chapter,we consider the scientific instruments suppliers' of the second largest French public university – the University of Strasbourg - and we investigate the impact of university demand on firms’ innovative performance. [...] In the fourth chapter, we go beyond the excessive focus on quantitative relations which does not allow one to fully explore the complexity of inter-personal and inter-organisational relations underlying the processes explaining the observed empirical results in the above chapters

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5

Steyn, Deon. "The supply and demand of innovation finance in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64820.

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A strong relationship exists between innovation and access to finance in the economic development of a country, and constraints to either of these would limit progress in its developmental stage. In studying the demand for innovation finance and the supply thereof in South Africa, an understanding of these synergies and important factors required to improve the overall development stage of the country were gained. According to the World Economic ForumÕs Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, South Africa was one of the highest ranked for financial market development and its capacity for innovation was ranked in the top quartile, but for some reason these two rankings are not aligning for the country to be shifted towards an innovation-driven development stage. The majority of research suggests that a lack of access to finance constrain an increase in the number of innovative businesses, but others suggest that there arenÕt enough innovative businesses demanding finance to grow the overall innovation sector. By interviewing entrepreneurs and innovation financiers and understanding the demand and supply strategies, this study identifies important factors that should be focussed on in order to improve a co-existence and improve innovation levels in South Africa.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
lt2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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6

Bronkhorst, Johan. "The impact of disruptive innovation on the demand for coworking space." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32697.

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This thesis investigates whether the phenomenon of companies that seek to disrupt markets through innovation play a role in the rise of coworking spaces. The city of Cape Town in South Africa was selected as the location for this study due to an increase in the establishment of coworking spaces and the appearance of the aforementioned phenomenon. The premise for this thesis is based on the demands for commercial real estate, which has changed as a result of the implementation of new technologies and the sharing economy. This change is argued to have altered the way companies utilise working environments which, in turn, amended the requirements of these companies. The study seeks to establish whether coworking spaces serve as adequate supply to these demands or whether the increase in the establishment of coworking spaces is unaffiliated. Grounded theory was used as the research method in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven respondents that were all active founders of coworking spaces at the time of the study. Additional documentary evidence was collected in cases where it was available. An analysis of the responses indicates that there is a strong relationship correlation between the rise of disruptive innovation and the increase in available coworking spaces. This relationship correlation was based on the value that flexibility, affordability and community facilitation held for companies that associate with disruptive innovation. These companies were mainly start-ups, skunkworks teams, research and development departments and other forms of companies that primarily work within the industry of technology. Limitations to the study included that additional documentary evidence was limited due to poor record-keeping of active memberships by coworking space operators, in addition to restrictions that were placed on accessing company information such as revenue statements. The research findings provide academic support and market-related evidence to developers and investors within the real estate sector that could enable them to make more informed decisions relating to the supply of coworking spaces. Moreover, the findings shed light on the general views shared by the founders of the coworking spaces. These views should provide insight to those interested in the industry, and more specifically within the Cape Town region.

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7

Mei, Qiang Rose 1973. "RFID impact in supply chain : innovation in demand planning and customer fulfillment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28485.

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Thesis (M.Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2004.
"June 2004."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-56).
(cont.) hand inventory. The key of RFID implementation is to broaden the collaboration with retailers.
This thesis discusses the vertical relationship between vendors and retailers in both the barcode and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enabled environments. Its purpose is to find best practice in demand planning and customer fulfillment for vendors to improve customer service and reduce cost. Interviews were used to collect the information about current processes. A model was built to simulate the customer demand and inventory record accuracy, and this tool was used to analyze the different processes of demand planning and customer fulfillment. The results show that, in order to improve the shelf availability and reduce cost, suppliers may consider (1) using Point of Sale (POS) data as a demand driven signal to facilitate Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) to store level, which eliminates the retailer ordering process, and (2) monitoring the store traffic and backroom inventory by periodically checking the POS data and the information collected at the backroom-in and backroom-out points. Comparing the in-store traffic in different data points can reduce the time of out-of-stock, and reduce the possibility that products are in the backroom but not on the shelf. Retailers might still need their distribution center (DC) to reduce the transportation cost, but the retailer DC should do more cross-docking activities rather than build up inventories for stores. Retailers will receive immediate benefits from this process change. Suppliers, on the other hand, will also enjoy significant reduction in inventory and increased product availability at the store level. Increasing the replenishment frequency, reducing the overall lead-time, and collaborating on promotion plan will all have notable impacts on improving customer service level and reducing on
by Qiang Rose Mei.
M.Eng.in Logistics

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8

Hollander, Ernst. "Varför var det så segt? : om lågriskkemi, miljödriven innovation och kravformning." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-51498.

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9

Ahmed, Shohana, and Mohammad Kamruzzaman. "Drivers of eco-innovation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57311.

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Contemporary business world is now facing a challenge, a shift from traditional innovation to eco-innovation. Organizations need to recognize the importance of environment in any aspect of innovation. This paper aims to deduce the drivers of eco-innovation from the overview of existing literature and empirical study to provide an understanding of the organization aiming towards eco-innovation. The aim of this thesis is to identify the drivers of eco-innovation and objectives being able to understand and review the contribution of innovation and eco-innovation as separate entities.This research is limited to the investigation of drivers of eco-innovation in one single organization i.e. Tekniska Verken, Linköping. Conceptual model of drivers of eco-innovation is created from previous research and verified through empirical study. The model of this research is to outline the three categories of drivers within the limit and scope of this analysis. However modification of the model on the basis of additional drivers has been duly appreciated and elucidated to reflect reality of the research.

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10

Kabir, MD, and Jerome Plantis. "The Influence of Firm's Human Resource andMarket Demand on a Firm's Innovation Strategy." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80831.

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Background: In technology based industries, firms which originate from advanced economies have traditionally occupied the leading position. In order to keep that position, they relied on strong efforts devoted to research and development, striving for being at the cutting edge of technology. During the last decade, we observed that some change happened amongst the top ranking of firms within the telecommunication industry with the apparition of Huawei, which originates from China, an emerging economy, in second position. Aim: This research is aimed to investigate the influence of firm’s human resource and market demand on firm’s innovation strategy. Definitions: Human resource represents the employees working for a company. In our study, when we mention human resource we deal with employees working in research and development. Market demand refers to the products which are demanded on a specific market. For our research we divided it in three categories: less advanced, advanced and most advanced products. Innovation strategy deals with the way a firm organizes its research and development in order to innovate according to either, in our research, new-tofirm or new-to-world innovation strategy. Completion and results: This study revealed that Huawei managed to adjust its innovation strategy in accordance with its human resources and market demand. Thanks to an efficient and adapted innovation strategy, Huawei now manages to perform better than its main competitor Ericsson, not only on developing or emerging markets, but also in advanced markets. We also observed the role of rules and regulations and cooperation, without which Huawei would not have been able to lead an efficient new-to-firm strategy. We created a model which is designed to give a better understanding of the situation and illustrate the interrelation between human resource, market demand, innovation strategy and performance.

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11

Van, Niekerk Kirstin. "Sophistication of consumer demand and its impact on emerging market firms’ innovation capabilities, sources of information and strategies." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26570.

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This study investigates the impact of consumer sophistication on emerging market firms’ ability to innovate. Three constructs, namely, innovation capabilities, sources of information and strategies, were identified as critical factors in the innovation process. By leveraging off these factors emerging market firms may gain sustainable competitive advantages in a highly competitive environment. The context of the study was South African based software development firms competing in more developed markets (wealthier), less developed markets (poorer) and domestic markets only (middle income). Data collection took place via telephonic survey. It was found that the size of the firm as measured by the number of employees is related to the consumer sophistication. Firms in less developed markets tend to be significantly larger than firms in more developed markets and the domestic market. Suppliers and clients as sources of information that impact the firms’ innovation development were found to be statistically significant. Firms in the more developed markets made considerable use of international clients for innovation ideas whereas firms in the domestic market leveraged ideas off local suppliers. The firms’ resource strategy was found to be significantly different across the three groups. Domestic market firms considered themselves ahead of the industry compared to less developed markets who considered themselves average with regard to having the latest equipment.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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12

Culkin, Nigel. "Can a high-tech breakthrough approach deliver novel supply and demand solutions? : a study of digital cinema rollout." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/19052.

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Digitalization is the process of making digital everything that can be digitised to change a business model and provide new revenue and value-producing opportunities. However, difficulties exist in evaluating the value created by digital technology investments in organisations, industry structures, economies and society, at large. My dissertation illustrates how the distinct characteristics of digital technologies are implicit in an evolution from stable to fragile product innovation; while highlighting the need for a dynamic approach to entrepreneurial innovation within national innovation systems. The foundations for my work are bound up in the digitalization of value networks, and the context for this research is digital cinema - a process that began in 2000. Digital cinema offered a new value proposition to distributors and significant cost reductions for the US studios. With a reliance on a highly developed value chain to protect intellectual property, these studios sought to learn from the disruption digitalization caused to the music industry, by cultivating digital technology as an, incremental innovation, in replacing celluloid with bytes to project content to cinema audiences. Global digital cinema penetration in 2014 stood at 90 per cent of the total screen footprint. The dissertation assesses features of this digital rollout that have been under-explored; including the role digital technology has assumed in process and product innovation; and, the behavioural responses of both incumbents and new entrants during the diffusion and adoption phase. My dissertation is supported by eight published papers, which highlight the need for domestic policymakers to focus their attention on emerging entrepreneurial innovations; the utilisation of current knowledge and strategies for novel solutions in order to strengthen their respective national innovation systems. Taken together they help explain the creation, diffusion and adoption of digital cinema, explore the new content creation opportunities they support, and explain how three nations in particular have sought to innovate and reorientate themselves in relation to these novel phenomena. The wider implications of the findings of the project build on the innovation literature in examining the diffusion, adoption and knowledge acquisition during the rollout of digital cinema technology. These findings suggest a radically different reading of both disruptive innovations and national innovation systems than has been offered in previous accounts, viewing the digital cinema rollout as a case study of an increasingly mobile sector, in which technological factors retreat in importance behind entrepreneurial innovation as a key driving force in reaching audiences. Finally, in exploring the phenomenon of the digitalization of value networks I have made a significant contribution to knowledge in the design of an innovative mixed method; specifically in the area of field research - a qualitative data collection method designed for considering, observing, and interacting with individuals in their natural environments. Over time, I have established that digital cinema was capable of delivering novel supply and demand solutions - starting with a few unrelated scraps of data, through the establishment of personal networks with communities of practice (in the UK, US & Norway) to building rich, and complex quantitative data sets capable of measuring the entire diffusion and adoption phase of the digital cinema rollout, right across Europe.

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13

Sung, Yun Mo. "The specification of the demand for money : financial innovation and the choice of the appropriate scale variable /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901292.

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14

Ewouba-Biteghe, Benjamin Simplice. "Strategic innovation of business models by leveraging demand and supply chains in dynamics ecosystems." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1841.

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15

Gabardo, Francisco Adilson. "The economics of sustained growth : the roles of structural change, demand saturation and innovation." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/43152.

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Orientador : Prof. Dr. João Basílio Pereima Neto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Ecônomico. Defesa : 27/04/2016
Inclui referências : f. 111-124
Resumo: A presente tese busca analisar os papeeis da mudança estrutural, da saturação da demanda e da inovação de processo e de produto no processo de crescimento econômico sustentado. Acredita-se que o crescimento econômico não é somente restringido por fatores de oferta, como acumulação de capital e progresso técnico, mas também por fatores de demanda, como a saturação da demanda para bens de consumo individuais. Se assumirmos saturação de demanda, então o progresso técnico na forma de aumento da produtividade por si só não _e capaz de sustentar o crescimento com pleno emprego dos fatores no longo prazo. _E fato que a introdução de novos bens de consumo criadores de demanda _e condição necessária para o crescimento econômico com pleno emprego de fatores em economias de mercado. Além disso, o surgimento de novos produtos e setores gera a realocaçao de recursos. Embora, no plano agregado, o processo de crescimento econômico no longo prazo pareça estável, numa perspectiva histórica, o declínio do setor agrícola e a ascensão dos setores manufatureiros e de serviços levaram a uma significativa realocação de fatores produtivos. Crescimento e mudança estrutural são companheiros inseparáveis. O fato de os setores econômicos possuírem diferentes taxas de produtividade, da à mudança estrutural um papel central, uma vez que esta pode retardar o crescimento se o seu ritmo for muito lento ou se ocorrer na direção errada, ou pode acelera-lo se promover a alocação mais eficiente dos recursos. Em ambos os casos, a mudança estrutural não deve ser pensada como um mero subproduto do processo de crescimento, mas sim como parte integral do mesmo. A interação entre saturação de demanda, introdução de novos produtos/setores, progresso técnico e mudança estrutural gera um processo de cumulação causativa que _e capaz de sustentar o crescimento econômico no longo prazo. Na presente tese revisamos a literatura relacionada aos temas do crescimento, mudança estrutural e inovaçao e desenvolvemos um modelo econômico computacional baseado em agentes (ACE) de crescimento cumulativo para analisar as conexões entre esses temas. Simulamos as operaçoes simultâneas e as interaçoes de múltiplos agentes heterogêneos numa tentativa de recriar seu comportamento complexo que dá origem a padrões macroeconômicos observados na literatura. Para enriquecer a análise, incorporamos um mercado financeiro no sistema e exploramos seus efeitos sobre o crescimento, sobre o surgimento de ciclos econômicos e sobre o progresso tecnológico. O modelo desenvolvido na presente tese somente explora aspectos da inovaçao de processo. Mostrasse que uma vez que assumimos a saturaçao da demanda, uma das consequências do aumento continuo da produtividade _e o declínio no nível de emprego. O modelo computacional desenvolvido na presente tese e limitado somente a aspectos da inovação de processo e produtividade do trabalho. Ele mostra que, uma vez assumida a existência de saturação da demanda, uma das consequências do aumento continuo da produtividade e o declínio no nível de emprego. Para absorver a mão de obra deslocada, novos produtos e/ou setores que evoquem novo crescimento na demanda devem surgir. Desta forma, apesar da ausência desse elemento em nosso modelo, a inovacao de produto e a criacao de novos setores são elementos essenciais para o sustento do processo de crescimento econômico com pleno emprego de fatores no longo prazo.
Abstract: The present PhD thesis seeks to analyse the role played by structural change, demand saturation and process and product innovation in the process of sustained economic growth. We argue that economic growth is not only constrained by supply factors, such as capital accumulation and technical progress but also by demand factors, such as the saturation of demand for individual consumption goods. If one assumes that demand saturates, then technical progress in the form of increases in productivity alone cannot sustain growth with full employment of factors in the long run. It is a fact that the introduction of new consumer products that elicits new demand is a necessary condition for economic growth with full employment of resources in a market economy. Moreover, the emergence of new products and new sectors lead to resources reallocation. Although, in the aggregate, the process of long-run economic growth might seem stable, in historical perspective, the decline of the agricultural sector and the expansion of the industrial and the service sectors have led to a massive reallocation of factors. Growth and structural change are inseparable companions. The fact sectors di_er in their productivities, gives structural change a central role, as it can delay growth if its pace is too slow or if it happens in the wrong direction, or it can accelerates it if it improves the allocation of resources. Either way, structural change can not be thought as a mere by-product of the growth process, but as an integral part of it. The interaction between demand saturation, introduction of new products/sectors, technical progress and structural change generates a process of cumulative causation that is able to sustain economic growth in the long-run. In the present thesis we review the literature behind the subjects of growth, structural change and innovation and develop an agent based computational economic (ACE) model of cumulative growth to analyse the connections between these elements. We simulate the simultaneous operations and interactions of multiple heterogeneous agents in an attempt to re-create their complex interactions that give rise to macroeconomic patterns found in the literature. To enrich the analysis we incorporated a _nancial market in the system and explored its e_ects on growth, business cycle and technological progress. The computational model developed in chapter 5 of the present thesis is limited to the aspects of innovation of process and increases in labour productivity. It is shown that if one assumes demand saturation, one of the consequences of continuous increase in productivity is the decline in employment. In order to absorb the displaced labour, new products and/or sectors that elicit new demand have to emerge. Therefore, despite the absence of this feature in our model, product innovation and new sector creation are essential elements in order to sustain economic growth with full employment of factors in the long run.

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16

Hamwi, Michael. "Understanding and analysing business models in the context of energy transition. Proposition of the DRBMC (Demand Response Business Model Canvas) to design new entrepreneur's business model in “Demand Response” markets." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0114/document.

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Анотація:

L'accumulation de gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère, produite par des activités anthropiques notamment dans le secteur de l’énergie est une des causes principales du changement climatique. Par conséquent, réaliser une véritable transition énergétique par une décarbonisation des réseaux électriques est devenue un besoin urgent pour atténuer les effets du réchauffement climatique. Dans cette transition, l’introduction des énergies renouvelables a été initiée depuis plusieurs années, principalement en raison de la participation de nouveaux acteurs à ce marché. Aujourd’hui, l’un des grands défis est de maintenir l’équilibre et la sécurité du réseau électrique en tenant compte de la diversité et de la variabilité des ressources énergétiques renouvelables connectées au réseau. L’une des approches permettant de régler ce problème et d’accroître la flexibilité du réseau électrique par ce que l’on désigne comme la Réponse à la Demande (RD). Cette thèse examine précisément ces nouvelles approches et montre l’intérêt de repenser les relations entre les différentes partie-prenantes pour faire émerger des nouveaux modèles d’affaires afin de déployer de nouvelles innovations au service de la transition énergétique. La méthodologie de recherche mise en œuvre de cette thèse consiste en une revue systématique de la littérature et une étude des données empiriques de 15 jeunes entreprises européennes du secteur de l’énergie. En conséquence, la thèse fournit à la communauté de la recherche (1) une méthode de classification pour catégoriser les différents modèles d’affaires de l’énergie (MAEs) et présente une première synthèse des MAE identifiés dans la littérature; (2) un cadre d’analyse des start-ups dans le secteur de l’énergie, complété par l’analyse de 15 start-ups de ce domaine; (3) un outil conceptuel pour l'innovation en matière de RD, appelé Canevas de Modèle d'Affaires de Réponse de Demande (CMARD), qui comprend 12 éléments interreliés. Ce canevas vise à évaluer les activités des offres de RD et à soutenir l'émergence de nouveau modèles d'affaires de RD. Ces résultats permettent de proposer un cadre analytique simplifié des pratiques existantes et peuvent également aider des entrepreneurs ou décideurs à explorer et concevoir de nouvelles offres sur le marché de la réponse à la demande
The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, produced by human activities in the energy sector is one of the main causes of climate change. Therefore, the decarbonization of power systems has become an urgent need the mitigate to the effects of climate change and achieve the energy transition. The share of renewable energy technologies has been increasing mainly due to the participation of new market players. Today, however, one of the great challenges is to maintain the electricity system’s balance and security despite the large amount of renewable energy resources connected to the grid. One of the approaches to deal with this issue and to increase power system flexibility is the Demand Response (DR). Moreover, scholars argue that business model innovation can act as an energy transition driver. This thesis examines business model innovations in the context of the energy transition by investigating emerging start-up business models. The implemented research methodology in this thesis consists of a systematic literature review and an investigation of empirical data of 15 European energy start-ups. As a result, the thesis provides the research community with (1) a grouping method to classify different Energy Business Models (EBMs) and an initial synthesis of the EBMs identified in the literature; (2) a framework to analyse start-ups in the energy sector, completed with the analysis of 15 energy start-ups; (3) and a conceptual tool for DR innovation, named as the Demand Response Business Model Canvas (DRBMC), which includes 12 interrelated elements. This canvas aims at evaluating DR activities and supporting the emergence of new DR business models. These results can also help entrepreneurs explore new demand response market opportunities, enabling a better understanding and providing a simplified analytic framework of existing business practices

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Li, Yanchao. "Public procurement as a demand-side innovation policy in China : an exploratory and evaluative study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/public-procurement-as-a-demandside-innovation-policy-in-china--an-exploratory-and-evaluative-study(5b215cff-d548-4024-90fa-eb8c6ac34eb0).html.

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There has been increased interest internationally in using public procurement as an innovation policy. China too has employed innovation oriented public procurement (IOPP) to implement its ‘indigenous innovation’ strategy. This thesis explores China’s IOPP policy processes, evaluates the appropriateness of these policies, and explains key issues identified. Literature strands on innovation, policy, public procurement, and IOPP are drawn upon to analyse IOPP and related policies. IOPP processes are conceptualized as dynamics shaped by the institutions, actors and interactions of innovation and public procurement systems. IOPP policies are framed as horizontal mixes of cross-domain interventions, and vertical mixes of goals, rationales, instruments, designed implementation structures, actual implementation processes, and outcomes. A criterion for evaluating policy appropriateness is coherence between the various dimensions. Macro-level policies impact on micro-level processes which in turn provide evidence of implementation. A multi-level case study methodology is adopted to link up macro/national, meso/regional and micro/local levels of policy design, articulation and implementation. Implementation is characterized through three IOPP policy channels, a channel being a characteristic group of policies to promote IOPP. Channel 1 employed ‘innovation catalogues’, which was unexpectedly terminated in 2011 in response to concerns from other countries over China’s perceived protectionist tendency. Channel 1 was found to be a centralized mechanism to implement general IOPP across all regions, sectors and levels of governance. As a one-size-fits-all approach requiring cross-domain, cross-level coordination, it failed to achieve coherence with the institutional fragmentation of China’s innovation and procurement systems. The other two channels were implicit, strategic IOPP approaches i.e. commercialization projects for ‘major technological equipment’ with a rationale of pre-commercial procurement (Channel 2), and demonstration programmes for emerging technologies with a rationale of creating lead markets (Channel 3). These two channels realized better coherence with China’s systems as both were targeted at specific sectors and levels. Cross-case analysis suggests that micro-level IOPP processes were more frequently shaped by local contexts of stakeholders, interactions and informal institutions rather than IOPP policies. Interventionist local governments and proactive suppliers played stronger roles than procurers in initiating IOPP. IOPP cycles followed diverse and informal pathways not always competition-based, which might have breached de jure procurement regulations but China’s weak formal institutions allowed this flexibility. Informal institutions sometimes mitigated flaws of formal ones and facilitated IOPP, but could easily play competing roles (notably regional protectionism) that hinder policy implementation. This thesis contributes to IOPP knowledge by: offering a conceptual approach to IOPP policy analysis concerning implementation and appropriateness evaluation; uncovering China’s IOPP dynamics based on which the understanding of IOPP as a research subject is deepened. Policy implications include lessons for catching-up countries emphasizing institutional capacity and government capability, and more general issues highlighting policy differentiation and complementarity, and intermediation.

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Westberg, Kalle. "Var optimist! : AGAs innovativa verksamhet 1904-1959." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78451.

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The dissertation is an investigation of the Swedish engineering company AGA’s inventive activity during the years 1904-1959. Inventive activity denotes the company’s efforts in rying to develop innovations. Operations such as patents, experiments, business methods, business co-operations, technical development and other related activities have been studied. Through its lighting system for beacons, which emanated from the international gas industry, AGA had a strong economic base, and could thus go through periods of strong diversification. This led to the growth of more branches on the company’s product tree, and the aim of this dissertation has been to map out and understand how this AGA tree developed. One point of departure for this study has been to investigate how the inventive activity at AGA reacted to changes in the demand side of the economy. According to the American economist Jacob Schmookler the demand determines the development of innovative activity. The American economic historian Nathan Rosenberg has criticised Schmookler, however, arguing that it is the resources of knowledge which dictate the innovative course, since technology transfers are costly to put into economic practice. A third perspective, partly bridging these differences of opinions, is the discussion on the influence of technology procurement, which, among others, the Swedish innovation researcher Charles Edquist has presented. These perspectives frame my study, which maps AGA through two major changes in technology during the first half of the twentieth century. The AGA product tree consists of path dependent shifts in technology; possibilities to develop new technology opened up in the interaction between the company and the market. Among other things, the main innovation, the AGA flasher, originally developed for the lighting in beacons, proved to be functional for railway signalling devices and respirators. Through general market changes outside the company, similar opportunities arose for AGA to develop already existing technique for new markets. During the period of research the inventive activity was characterized by a constant experimenting, where the company’s success to a large extent rested on the engineers’ ingenuity. AGA, being product diversified, had little room to act independently on the market. Thus, to a high degree the company had to adjust its inventive activity to market demand. By cooperating with initiated customers, above all public ones, AGA had the opportunity to continuously develop products in demand, despite limited resources.

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Школа, Вікторія Юріївна, Виктория Юрьевна Школа та Viktoriia Yuriivna Shkola. "Прогнозування попиту на інновації для формування стратегії розвитку держави". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3811.

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20

Asgari, Elham. "The Impact of Varied Knowledge on Innovation and the Fate of Organizations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102034.

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In my dissertation, I examine varied types of knowledge and how they contribute to innovation generation and selection at both the firm and the industry level using the emerging industry context of small satellites. My research is divided into three papers. In Paper One, I take a supply-demand perspective and examine how suppliers of technology—with their unique knowledge of science and technology—and users of technology—with their unique knowledge of demand—contribute to innovation generation and selection over the industry lifecycle. Results show that the contributions of suppliers and users vary based on unique aspects of innovation, such as novelty, breadth, and coherence – and also over the industry life cycle. In Paper Two, I study how firms overcome science-business tension in their pursuit of novel innovation. I examine unique aspects of knowledge: scientists' business knowledge and CEOs' scientific knowledge. I show that CEOs' scientific knowledge is an important driver of firms' novel pursuits and that this impact is higher when scientists do not have business knowledge. In the third paper, I further examine how scientists with high technological and scientific knowledge—i.e., star scientists—impact firm innovation generation and selection. With a focus on explorative and exploitative innovation, I develop theory on the boundary conditions of stars' impact on firm level outcomes. I propose that individual level contingencies—i.e., stage of employment—and organizational level contingencies—explorative or exploitative innovation—both facilitate and hinder stars' impact on firms' innovative pursuits.
Doctor of Philosophy

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Estep, Judith. "Development of a Technology Transfer Score for Evaluating Research Proposals| Case Study of Demand Response Technologies in the Pacific Northwest." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248715.

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Investment in Research and Development (R&D) is necessary for innovation, allowing an organization to maintain a competitive edge. The U.S. Federal Government invests billions of dollars, primarily in basic research technologies to help fill the pipeline for other organizations to take the technology into commercialization. However, it is not about just investing in innovation, it is about converting that research into application. A cursory review of the research proposal evaluation criteria suggests that there is little to no emphasis placed on the transfer of research results. This effort is motivated by a need to move research into application.

One segment that is facing technology challenges is the energy sector. Historically, the electric grid has been stable and predictable; therefore, there were no immediate drivers to innovate. However, an aging infrastructure, integration of renewable energy, and aggressive energy efficiency targets are motivating the need for research and to put promising results into application. Many technologies exist or are in development but the rate at which they are being adopted is slow.

The goal of this research is to develop a decision model that can be used to identify the technology transfer potential of a research proposal. An organization can use the model to select the proposals whose research outcomes are more likely to move into application. The model begins to close the chasm between research and application—otherwise known as the “valley of death”.

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to understand when the idea of technology application or transfer should begin. Next, the attributes that are necessary for successful technology transfer were identified. The emphasis of successful technology transfer occurs when there is a productive relationship between the researchers and the technology recipient. A hierarchical decision model, along with desirability curves, was used to understand the complexities of the researcher and recipient relationship, specific to technology transfer. In this research, the evaluation criteria of several research organizations were assessed to understand the extent to which the success attributes that were identified in literature were considered when reviewing research proposals. While some of the organizations included a few of the success attributes, none of the organizations considered all of the attributes. In addition, none of the organizations quantified the value of the success attributes.

The effectiveness of the model relies extensively on expert judgments to complete the model validation and quantification. Subject matter experts ranging from senior executives with extensive experience in technology transfer to principal research investigators from national labs, universities, utilities, and non-profit research organizations were used to ensure a comprehensive and cross-functional validation and quantification of the decision model.

The quantified model was validated using a case study involving demand response (DR) technology proposals in the Pacific Northwest. The DR technologies were selected based on their potential to solve some of the region’s most prevalent issues. In addition, several sensitivity scenarios were developed to test the model’s response to extreme case scenarios, impact of perturbations in expert responses, and if it can be applied to other than demand response technologies. In other words, is the model technology agnostic? In addition, the flexibility of the model to be used as a tool for communicating which success attributes in a research proposal are deficient and need strengthening and how improvements would increase the overall technology transfer score were assessed. The low scoring success attributes in the case study proposals (e.g. project meetings, etc.) were clearly identified as the areas to be improved for increasing the technology transfer score. As a communication tool, the model could help a research organization identify areas they could bolster to improve their overall technology transfer score. Similarly, the technology recipient could use the results to identify areas that need to be reinforced, as the research is ongoing.

The research objective is to develop a decision model resulting in a technology transfer score that can be used to assess the technology transfer potential of a research proposal. The technology transfer score can be used by an organization in the development of a research portfolio. An organization’s growth, in a highly competitive global market, hinges on superior R&D performance and the ability to apply the results. The energy sector is no different. While there is sufficient research being done to address the issues facing the utility industry, the rate at which technologies are adopted is lagging. The technology transfer score has the potential to increase the success of crossing the chasm to successful application by helping an organization make informed and deliberate decisions about their research portfolio.

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Bohlin, Folke. "The making of a market : supply- and demand-side perspectives on institutional innovation in Sweden's wood fuel use /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6316-5.pdf.

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23

Лобанова, А. О. "Іноваційні методи стимулювання попиту в індустрії туризму". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/22714.

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Анотація:

Лобанова, А. О. Іноваційні методи стимулювання попиту в індустрії туризму : дипломна робота : 242 «Туризм» / А. О. Лобанова ; керівник роботи О. І. Гонта ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра туризму. – Чернігів, 2021. – 72 с.
Об’єктом дослідження є методи стимулювання попиту в індустрії туризму та шляхи їх реалізації. Предметом дослідження є теоретико-методичні та прикладні засади процесу розвитку впровадження інноваційних методів стимулювання попиту в туризмі. Мета кваліфікаційної роботи полягає в узагальненні накопиченого досвіду, який був отриманий на протязі великого проміжку часу, аналіз та систематизація існуючих інноваційних методів стимулювання попиту в туристичній індустрії та їх практичне застосування.
The object of research is the methods of stimulating demand in the tourism industry and ways to implement them. The subject of the research is theoretical-methodical and applied principles of the process of development of introduction of innovative methods of stimulation of demand in tourism. The purpose of the qualification work is to summarize the experience gained over a long period of time, analysis and systematization of existing innovative methods of stimulating demand in the tourism industry and their practical application.

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Jonsson, Sandra. "Validation of mercury free methods for analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand in municipial wastewater." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269195.

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Water is used every day in society and to be able to recycle this water we depend upon efficient wastewater treatment. It is vital to test the wastewater based on different parameters. One parameter is the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), which defines the amount of organic substances that can be chemically oxidized within the water. The Swedish standardized analytical method for COD (SS-028142), COD(Cr) is dependent on mercury, a substance which was banned according to Swedish regulations in year 2009 but is still used due to time limited dispensations. This report is a part of a pre-procurement innovative project initiated by the Swedish Water and Wastewater Association (SWWA) in order to bring forward and evaluate mercury free analytical methods for COD for municipal wastewater. The aim was to validate three analytical methods for COD: Chloride Determination, Chloride Elimination and PeCOD and compare the analytical results to the standardized COD(Cr). Three laboratories, Käppala (Stockholm), Gryaab (Gothenburg) and Komlab (Örnsköldsvik) were included in the validation process by providing analytical data. The validation was conducted using the data as input for the statistical methods regression, correlation and analysis of variance to investigate the performance of the individual methods. As a complement to the statistical results, comments regarding the methods brought up by the laboratory staff were compiled in order to reflect on the usability and robustness of the methods. The results indicated that the method Chloride Determination was the method most similar to the COD(Cr) method, when investigating obtained COD concentrations, required analytical time and implementation steps needed to obtain a final COD value. This result was evident by high coefficient of determination values for influent wastewater samples. The PeCOD method, which was submitted in two versions, one manual and one automatic was only able to analyze soluble COD. It was found that the PeCOD methods obtained lower COD concentrations compared to the standardized method when analyzing filtered samples. Due to highly variable correlation coefficients between the PeCOD and COD(Cr) for various types of samples indicated that no uniform linear relation between the methods was present. Analysis with the Chloride Elimination method was halted early in the validation process, but was found to receive approximately 50 percent lower COD values than the reference method COD(Cr). Finally it can be said that the input data for conducting the statistical test were limited and further analysis should be recommended in order to validate the results with a higher certainty.
Varje dag produceras avloppsvatten i samhället och för att kunna återanvända detta vatten krävs en tillförlitlig reningsprocess. För att rena avloppsvatten effektivt är det betydelsefullt att kontinuerligt testa avloppsvattnet utifrån ett antal viktiga parametrar. En av dessa är kemisk syreförbrukning, COD, som definieras av den mängd syre som förbrukas genom fullständig kemisk oxidation av organiskt material. Den svenska standardiserade analysmetoden för COD (SS-028142) , COD(Cr) är beroende av kvicksilver för att erhålla ett korrekt analysresultat utan påverkan av kloridjoner. Kvicksilver är enligt Svensk lag förbjudet sedan år 2009, men analysmetoden är dock vanligt använd på svenska avloppsreningsverk tack vare årliga dispenser. Detta examensarbete är en del av en förkommersiell innovationsupphandling som initierats av Svenskt Vatten med mål att undersöka och validera kvicksilverfria analysmetoder för COD tillgängliga på den internationella marknaden. Projektets syfte var att utföra en validering av tre analysmetoder: Klorid Determination, Klorid Elimination och PeCOD och jämföra dess resultat med referens metoden COD(Cr). Tre olika laboratorier, Käppala (Stockholm), Gryaab (Göteborg) och Komlab (Örnsköldsvik) medverkade i projektet. Valideringen genomfördes med de statistiska metoderna regression, korrelation och variansanalys, utifrån insamlade mätdata i syfte att undersöka de givna metodernas prestanda. Som ett komplement till det statistiska testerna sammanställdes synpunkter som framkommit under analysarbetet av laboratoriepersonal, för bedömning av metodernas användarvänlighet och robusthet. Utifrån valideringen var det tydligt att metoden Klorid Determination hade störst likhet med COD(Cr) metoden utifrån givna analysresultat, analystid samt utförda analyssteg. Detta resultat styrktes av höga värden för determinationskoefficients för inkommande avloppsvatten mellan innovatios metoden och referense metoden COD(Cr). Analysmetoden PeCOD bestod av två olika versioner, skildrade den lösliga COD innehållet i provet istället för den total COD koncentrationen som hos COD(Cr). Oavsett vilken version av PeCOD som används erhålls ett lägre COD resultat jämfört med referens metoden COD(Cr) då filtrerade prover analyserades. De framtagna varierande korrelations koefficienter mellan PeCOD och COD(Cr) indikerade att ingen enhetlig korrelation gick att finna mellan metoderna hos de olika laboratorierna. Analysmetoden COD Elimination pausades tidigt i processen men de tidiga testerna visade på halverade COD koncentrationer jämfört med referens metoden. Slutligen kan det nämnas att mätdata som användes som indata till de beskrivna statistiska testerna var begränsade och att vidare analyser rekommenderas för att kunna bevisa givna resultat med ökad sannolikhet.

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Robin, Nikolausson, and Edin Kristoffer. "The sustainable banking inudstry : factors associated with sustainable innovation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447400.

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TITLE: The sustainable banking industry - factors associated with sustainable innovation. FINAL SEMINAR: 2021-05-26COURSE: Master thesis in Business & Management - Organization at Uppsala University. AUTHORS: Kristofer Edin & Robin Nikolausson. ADVISOR: Josef Pallas.KEYWORDS: Sustainable innovation, Internal factors, External factors, Regulations, Technology, Market demand, Organizational culture, Market opportunities, Internal collaborations, Managerial dedication, Knowledge management.PURPOSE: This thesis aims to study factors associated with the development of sustainable innovation in the banking industry. Moreover, the ambition is to bring relevant findings and support for previous findings related to the information gap about how factors are associated with sustainable innovation and how they correspond to each other.METHOD: This research is using a case study methodology where one specific case company is being scrutinized. The study has used an exploratory study approach consisting of qualitative data gathering. Moreover, it is based on an inductive approach. The data consist of both primary data in terms of interviews with employees from the case company and of secondary data from various internet sources.LITERATURE REVIEW: Sustainable innovation, Technology, Regulations, Market demand, Organizational culture, Market opportunities, Internal collaboration, Managerial dedication, Knowledge management.EMPIRICAL FINDINGS: This thesis uncovers that there are both internal and external factors associated with sustainable innovation in the banking industry. The empirical findings thus correspond to the theory as it illustrates that the different factors are associated with sustainable innovation in the case company. However, the correctness of the theoretical suggestions varies in terms of the level of importance concerning the different factors. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION:The analysis illustrates that even as the eight factors are associated with sustainable innovation, it is difficult to decide their relative importance as they are not mutually exclusive, but dependent on each other. However, there are some empirical indications that some factors, such as market demand and organizational culture, are more dominant in the relationships among the different factors.

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Chytilová, Petra. "Inovace a konkurenceschopnost podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162352.

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This thesis deals with issues related to innovation in the Czech company and their influence on their competitiveness. The aim of the work in the first part is the definition of terms: innovation, competitiveness and demand and their relationships. Attention is paid to the impacts of global competitive and turbulent world and the competitiveness of Czech companies. They show the expected basic trends of the world. The second part describes Czech industrial company (GZ Digital Media, Inc.) and its trends over the past year. It analyzes the development of the basic indicators (profitability, liquidity and business activity) and quantifies the prediction possibilities of bankrupt (Altman index, IN 05). Finally there are definitions of factors of the current success of the business, including its persistent and intense innovation and strong influence of leading figures in business management.

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Højbjerg, Clarke Ann. "Segmentation of industrial markets and determining product lines for product development : based on product platforms for complex, changing markets with high demand for variety /." [Odense] : Univ. Press of Southern Denmark, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/475974123.pdf.

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Knobloch, Paulina Merle. "Business Model Innovation in the Film Industry : How Nordic Film Studios Adapt to a Changing Market." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301655.

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During the last 15 years, the film industry has undergone severe technological, cultural, and economic transformations initiated through online film distribution. Existing players need to adapt and innovate their business models to stay competitive. However, there is little knowledge about what players actually do in this respect. Since the film industry is of great economic and cultural importance, it is essential for researchers and managers alike to understand the transformations in the business models of film companies. Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate which areas of the business models of Nordic film studios have been most affected by changes and how the studios have responded to these transformations. Based on a longitudinal, comparative case study of the companies SF Studios and Nordisk Film, the study reveals that distribution channels, revenue streams, margins, partner network, customer needs, and core offerings have changed the most. The main transformations can be seen in stronger partnerships and an increased focus on in-house production to serve the high demand for content, secure a content flow for distribution, and generate new revenues.
Under de senaste 15 åren har filmindustrin genomgått stora tekniska, kulturella och ekonomiska förändringar som inleddes av den digitala filmdistributionens uppkomst. För att förbli konkurrenskraftiga måste nuvarande aktörer anpassa och förnya sina affärsmodeller. Det finns dock lite kunskap om vad företagen faktiskt gör i detta avseende. Eftersom filmindustrin har ett stort ekonomiskt och kulturellt värde är det avgörande att förstå förändringar i filmbolagens affärsmodeller, både för forskare och ledare. Syftet med denna uppsats är därför att undersöka vilka delar av nordiska filmstudiors affärsmodeller som är mest drabbade av förändringar och hur studiorna har reagerat på detta. Baserat på en longitudinell, jämförande fallstudie av företagen SF Studios och Nordisk Film visar denna studie att distributionskanaler, intäkter, marginaler, partnernätverk, kundbehov och kärnutbud har förändrats mest. De huvudsakliga förändringarna visas i starkare partnerskap och ett ökat fokus på egen produktion, för att uppfylla den höga efterfrågan på innehåll, säkra ett innehållsflöde för distribution samt generera nya intäkter.

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Souissi, Amel. "Enjeux économiques et environnementaux du tourisme en Tunisie : le cas de l’oasis de Tozeur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE004.

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Анотація:

Le tourisme première industrie mondiale, avec 1186 millions d’arrivées internationaux en 2015, est reconnu comme secteur prioritaire de développement des pays les moins avancés, à travers ses effets directs, indirects et induits. La Tunisie a opté depuis la fin des années 60 pour se développer à travers des activités touristiques. Depuis le début des années 70, le tourisme représente un secteur clef de l’économie tunisienne, le taux de couverture du déficit de la balance des paiements a atteint 97.7% en 1988. Toutefois et depuis le début des années 2000, le tourisme tunisien, souffre d’une image de marque de basse qualité, d’une forte dépendance vis-à-vis du marché européen, et des grands Tours Opérateurs et d’un manque de diversification. Les performances de ce secteur longtemps considéré comme vecteur de croissance économique, semblent être surestimées.Pour dépasser ces problèmes, depuis la fin des années 80, l’État a choisi une stratégie nationale de diversification à travers la mise en tourisme du Sud de la Tunisie. Actuellement, cette partie du pays est devenue une zone touristique de haut standing avec, notamment, un terrain de golf de 150 hectares et un aéroport international. Toutefois, le choix d’un développement axé sur les activités touristiques suscite des inquiétudes, vu les caractéristiques du milieu saharien, et la façon dont le tourisme saharien est commercialisé.Cette thèse a pour objet d'étudier du point de vue de l'analyse économique et d'évaluer la pertinence des choix stratégiques qui ont été faits dans le secteur du tourisme, notamment en zone saharienne, en tenant compte de la nature du milieu caractérisé par un climat aride. L’impact économique, environnemental et social du tourisme sur ces milieux fragiles pourrait être particulièrement critique.Du point de vue économique: d’un côté, ce choix correspond à une marchandisation d’un stock naturel épuisable, dont l’existence est conditionnée par l’accès à l’eau, ce qui a créé des situations de concurrence et de conflits d’usage de la ressource entre les deux secteurs touristique et agricole. D’un autre côté, la courte durée de séjour qui ne dépasse pas les 1.3 jours, peut limiter les retombées positives du tourisme dans ces régions.Du point de vue de l’environnement: le caractère rival mais non exclusif de l’eau le situerait dans la catégorie des « biens communs » dont la disponibilité peut être influencé par les « effets de masse », ce qui nous conduit à envisager un risque de « tragédie des communs ».Sur le plan social: à côté des distorsions sociales qui peuvent naître face à des situations de conflits d’usage autour de la ressource, les emplois crées dans le secteur sont saisonniers peu qualifiés, ce qui peut nuire à un vrai processus de développement local dans ces régions.Dans nos analyses, nous avons utilisé plusieurs outils et approches méthodologiques de caractères théoriques et empiriques dans un cadre macroéconomique. Nous avons mobilisé essentiellement les techniques de cointégration et les modèles à correction d’erreur adaptés à l’étude des séries temporelles en plus des analyses statistiques, sur la période 1970- 2014
Tourism, the world's leading industry with 1186 million international arrivals in 2015, is recognized as the priority sector of development of the LCDs (Least Developed Countries) through its direct, indirect and induced effects. Since the late 1960s, Tunisia has opted for a development strategy based on tourism activities. Since the early 1970s, tourism has been a key sector of the Tunisian economy: the deficit’s rate of coverage of the payments’ balance reached 97.7% in 1988. However, since the early 2000s, Tunisian tourism suffers from a low quality brand image, a strong dependence on the European market and major tour operators and a lack of diversification. The achievements of this sector, which has been for a long time considered as a vector of economic growth, seem to be overestimated.To overcome these problems, the State has chosen, since the late 1980s, a national strategy of diversification through the setting in tourism of Southern Tunisia. Currently, this part of the country became a tourist area of high standards including a golf course of 150 hectares and an international airport. However, the choice of tourism-oriented development is of concern, given the characteristics of the Saharan environment and the way in which Saharan tourism is marketed.This thesis aims to analyze, from an economic point of view, and to evaluate the suitability and relevance of the strategic choices which have been made in the tourism sector, particularly in the Saharan zone, taking into account the nature of the milieu characterized by an arid climate. The economic, environmental and social impact of tourism on these fragile environments could be particularly critical.Economically: on the one hand, this choice corresponds to a commodification of an exhaustible natural stock, whose existence is conditioned by access to water, which has created rivalry and conflicts in the use of the resource between the two sectors, namely, tourism and agriculture. On the other hand, the short duration of stay which does not exceed on average 1.3 days, can limit the positive fallout of tourism in these regions.Environmentally: the rival but not exclusive character of water would place it in the category of "common goods" whose availability can be influenced by the "mass effects", which leads us to consider a risk of "tragedy of commons".Socially: in addition to the social distortions that can arise in situations of usage conflicts around the resource, the jobs created in this sector are seasonal and low-skilled, which may negatively affect a real local development process in these regions.In our analyses, we used several theoretical and empirical methodological tools and approaches within a macroeconomic framework. We have mainly used cointegration techniques and error correction models adapted to the study of time series in addition to statistical analyses over the period between 1970 and 2014

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Muhamad, Suriyani. "Learning and competence building in innovation and knowledge systems : mismatches in supply and demand of information and communication technology (ICT) labour in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629350.

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The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of learning and competence building, specifically in terms of skilled workers. Specifically, it aims to explore the mismatch between supply and demand of information and communication technology (leT) labours, referring to the case in Malaysia. The research therefore answers four important questions. Firstly, it explores and identifies the nature of the skills gap, by looking at skills and competencies for employability. Secondly, this research aims to integrate both supply and demand aspects through the issue of mismatch between supply and demand of leT labour; this is necessary because of the lack of attention to the demand side of the employability concept. Thirdly and fourthly, this research focuses on the role of higher education in relation to the mismatch issue, based on collaboration between universities and industry, industrial training placement as well as the integration of lifelong learning in higher education. A combination of research strategies - questionnaire survey, structured interviews and secondary data - was used to address the key research questions. From the study, it has emerged that there is a mismatch between supply and demand of leT labour, specifically focused on leT graduates in Malaysia. The study has confirmed that the elements of skills and competencies, referred to as transferable skills, are important for employability. In addition, the need for collaboration between universities and industry, industrial training placement as well as the integration of lifelong learning for employability, is confirmed.

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Leigh, Lamin. "Financial development, economic growth and the effect of financial innovation on the demand for money in an open economy : an econometric analysis for Singapore." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282018.

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Meldrum, Mark Brent. "Finding Fertile Time: A Temporal Investigation of Opportunity Using Patent Citation Data." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1248046746.

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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009
Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-11-23) Department of Management Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

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Roberts, Christopher. "Energy Policies and Directed Technical Change : How Governments Incentivize Firms to Invests in Renewable Energy innovation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264189.

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Policies are regarded as the most important instrument in redirecting invention Policies are regarded as the most important instrument in redirecting invention investments away from fossil fuel technologies towards renewable energy technologies. Despite the importance and urgency in decarbonizing the economy, the literature on how different energy policies effect the development of renewable energy technologies is relatively scarce. A difficulty has been in justifying the operationalizing of policies in as both valid and reliable. This thesis tackles the operationalization difficulty and produces empirical evidence in how effective various policies are in incentivizing the development of renewable energy technologies (RET). The main findings are that government R&D expenditure increases firm innovation across all RET, demand-pull policies either increase the likelihood of firm inventions or has an insignificant effect and carbon taxation does not increase the likelihood of RET invention.
Politiska instrument är ansedda som de medel som kan ha störst inverkan att omdirigera innovation investeringar från fossila till förnyelsebara energier. Trots det angelägna och brådskande i att ekonomin blir fossilt oberoende finns det relativt lite litteratur på hur olika energipolitiska medel har för effekt på den tekniska utvecklingen av förnyelsebara energier. En svårighet har varit att berättiga operativiseringen av politiken vilken är både valid och tillförlitligt. Denna uppsats angriper svårigheten av att operativisera poliska instrument och producerar empiriska underlag för hur effektiva olika politiska medel är i att ge incitament till för att utveckla förnyelsebara energier (FE). De frästa resultaten är att statlig forskning och utveckling ökar sannolikheten att företags innovation inom alla FE, efterfråge-stimulerings politik antingen ökar eller har ingen påverkan på FE innovation och att koldioxidbeskattning inte ökar innovation inom FE.

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Xu, Meina. "Repercussions and determinants of export quality : evidence from China." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E055/document.

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Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres ayant en commun la question de la qualité des exportations dans un contexte de pays en voie de développement. La thèse s’intéresse plus particulièrement à différents aspects permettant d’améliorer le niveau de qualité des exportations. Le premier chapitre est consacré à l'impact de l'Aide au commerce (Aid for trade) sur la qualité des exportations des pays récipiendaires. Il suggère un effet positif de la politique d'aide au commerce sur la qualité des exportations. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur le rôle de vérification de la qualité joué par les intermédiaires dans le commerce international. Les résultats indiquent que seuls les intermédiaires spécialisés jouent ce rôle. Le troisième chapitre examine le lien entre l'orientation à l'exportation des entreprises et leur performance en matière d'innovation. L’analyse empirique met en évidence une réduction des investissements en R&D chez les exportateurs dont les ventes s’orientent principalement vers les exportations au détriment du marché intérieur et ce d’autant plus qu’ils font face à une incertitude élevée de la demande. Ces évolutions défavorables pourraient être surmontées néanmoins si l’entreprise a une riche expérience commerciale ou une productivité élevée. Les trois résultats principaux de cette thèse sont ainsi que l'aide au commerce ainsi que l’essor d’intermédiaires de type spécialisé contribuent à la montée en qualité des exportateurs tandis que l'incertitude de la demande extérieure tend à l’inverse à entraver l’innovation des firmes exportatrices
This thesis is composed of three chapters that have in common the question of export quality in a developing country context. The thesis focuses on different aspects of improving the quality level of exports. The first chapter is devoted to the impact of Aid for Trade on the quality of exports from recipient countries. It suggests a positive effect of Aid for Trade policy on the quality of exports. The second chapter focuses on the quality assurance role played by intermediaries in international trade. The results indicate that only specialized intermediaries play this role. The third chapter examines the link between firms' export orientation and their innovation performance. The empirical analysis shows a reduction in R&D investment by exporters whose sales reorient towards exports to the detriment of the domestic market, especially as they face high demand uncertainty. These unfavourable developments could nevertheless be overcome if the company has a long trade experience or high productivity. The three main results of this thesis are that aid for trade and the rise of specialized intermediaries contribute to the rise in quality of exporters, while the uncertainty of external demand tends, on the other hand, to hinder innovation by exporting firms

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Ziegenfuss, Katharina. "Bewertung innovativer Geschäftsmodelle: Entwicklung eines Simulationsmodells und Anwendung auf die bedarfsabhängige Funktionserweiterung im vernetzten Fahrzeug: Development of a simulation model and application to the ‘Function on Demand’ concept of the connected car." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73123.

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Die Bedeutung innovativer Geschäftsmodelle als Bestimmungsfaktor für den Unternehmenserfolg steht weitestgehend außer Frage. Aufgrund der hohen Komplexität von Geschäftsmodellen hat sich jedoch bislang kein praktisch anwendbares Bewertungskonzept etablieren können, welches Geschäftsmodellinnovationen in Hinblick auf deren Erfolgsentwicklung untersucht. Zur Adressierung dieser Problemstellung wird unter Anwendung des systemdynamischen Ansatzes ein Simulationsmodell entwickelt, welches den Wertbeitrag einer Geschäftsmodellinnovation ausweist. Neben dem Kapitalwert als finanzielle Wertgröße des Geschäftsmodells werden ferner der Kundenwert sowie der Wert der unternehmerischen Fähigkeiten als wichtige Wertgrößen explizit gemacht, da sie die zukünftige Leistungs- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Geschäftsmodells determinieren. Damit liefert das Bewertungsmodell einen Ansatz zur ganzheitlichen Geschäftsmodellbewertung, die die Anwendung finanzieller Standardkalkulationen mit der Messbarmachung nicht-finanzieller Erfolgsgrößen kombiniert.:1 Einführung 2 Geschäftsmodelle und Geschäftsmodellbewertung 3 Entwicklungsprozess des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 4 Aufbau des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 5 Simulation des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 6 Schlussbetrachtung
Business model innovations provide powerful levers for creating sustainable competitive advantage and thus have a positive impact on the value of an enterprise. However, due to the complexity of business models, no practically applicable framework, evaluating an innovative business model with regard to its effect on a company’s success, has been established. Hence, a simulation model assessing the value contribution of a business model innovation is developed. Using the mathematical modeling technique ‘System Dynamics’ to frame the value drivers of a business allows for simulation experiments that reveal the effect of the business model’s design on its profitability, therewith guiding policymakers towards better decisions. As a result, the simulation model reports the net present value of a business model. In addition, the success indicators customer lifetime value and the value of the enterprises’ capabilities are identified as important assets that have to be monitored closely as they determine the company’s prospective performance. In combining financial standard calculations with the operationalization of non-financial measures, the simulation model represents a comprehensive approach for business model evaluation.:1 Einführung 2 Geschäftsmodelle und Geschäftsmodellbewertung 3 Entwicklungsprozess des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 4 Aufbau des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 5 Simulation des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 6 Schlussbetrachtung

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Chang, Ching-Hsing. "Essays on Environmentally Friendly Practices." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306895757.

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Toubon, Hector. "Le rôle de l'innovation médicale dans la croissance macro-économique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED045.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les déterminants de l'innovation médicale et ses effets sur la croissance économique. Elle repose sur la construction d'une base de données répertoriant les dépenses et les consommations de biens et services de santé entre 1980 et 2010, ainsi que sur trois modèles théoriques. Les résultats établis, pour les cohortes nées entre 1923 et 2010, mettent en évidence que les innovations médicales sont essentiellement déterminées par les variations démographiques. Par ailleurs, même si ces innovations médicales ont historiquement permis l'apparition d'importantes économies d'échelles, elles ne jouent pas actuellement un rôle moteur dans la croissance macro-économique. En effet, dans les conditions actuelles de stabilité des courbes de survie, cette mécanique de l'innovation médicale n'apparaît pas comme une force motrice de la croissance macro-économique de court terme. Les effets multiplicateurs de l'innovation médicale sur la croissance économique seraient donc, à court terme, négatifs ou nuls
This thesis aims to highlight the determinants of medical innovation and its impact on economic growth. It is based on building a database of spending and consumption of health goods and services between 1980 and 2010, and also on three theoretical models. Established results for cohorts born between 1923 and 2010 show that medical innovations are mainly determined by demographic changes. Moreover, even if these medical innovations have historically allowed the emergence of significant economies of scale, they do not currently play a leading role in macro-economic growth. Indeed, in the current conditions of stability of the survival curves, the mechanics of medical innovation does not appear as a driving force for macroeconomic growth short term. The multiplier effects of medical innovation on economic growth would be, on the short-term, negative or zero

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38

Herlihy, Ina. "What Is the Impact of the Technology Boom on Housing in San Francisco?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/433.

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Many San Francisco residents who have achieved new wealth from the expansion of the technology industry are paying record high prices for homes. But the city is landlocked and has a limited housing supply. I study the impact of the technology boom on the increase of housing prices in the city and the outflow of the middle class, by analyzing housing supply and demand, regulations, neighboring towns, home ownership, and housing price potential solutions. I find that the increase in technology jobs creates an employment multiplier effect, decrease in housing supply, increased competition and all-cash offers, and income inequality. Policymakers and activist neighborhood groups need to focus on continually increasing housing supply through dense development incentives and legalizing in-law units.

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Calvignac, Cédric. "Qu'offre la demande ? : socio-économie d'une innovation par l'usager." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20018.

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Les acteurs de la demande prennent souvent part à la définition de l’offre. Leur présence au cœur du processus d'innovation industriel est évidente et ce qu'ils y soient simples objets de représentation, objets d'étude ou partenaires actifs. Les usagers sont donc, à différents degrés, impliqués dans la phase de conception des biens et services marchands. Une fois ces biens et services mis en vente, les usagers continuent de les modeler à leur convenance. Ils réinterprètent à l'occasion les « scripts » de fonctionnement et d'usage établis ex ante par les professionnels de l'offre. « Bricolages » et « détournements » accompagnent donc l'adoption de tout objet technique. Ainsi, les usagers font montre d'une certaine faculté d'émancipation à l'égard des prescriptions de l'offre. Émancipation pouvant être totale si et seulement si les usagers deviennent par eux-mêmes autoproducteurs des biens et services dont ils souhaitent jouir. Tel est le point de départ de notre travail de recherche qui s'inscrit dans le prolongement des récentes études portant sur l' « innovation faite par et pour les usagers ». L'élévation de l'usager au rang de concepteur induit un questionnement d'ordre socio-économique sur la division du travail de recherche et développement entre les entités communautaires et marchandes et, par conséquent, sur la cohabitation de solutions libres et propriétaires. La thèse que nous développons ici consiste à dépasser l'antagonisme apparent entre communauté et marché pour rendre compte des liens multiples unissant usagers-innovateurs et professionnels du domaine. Nous défendons l'idée selon laquelle les frontières entre ces deux mondes antagoniques sont poreuses, perméables aux échanges transversaux. Nous déplaçant des coopérations techniques et aménagements commerciaux à la redéfinition des modes de mobilité professionnelle, nous irons à la découverte des lieux d'échange entre ces demandeurs qui offrent et ces offreurs devenus co-offreurs. Notre étude porte sur les communautés wifi occidentales. Il s'agit de communautés animées par des passionnés d'informatique visant la construction d'une infrastructure réseau sans-fil. À l'instar de l'Open Source Software Movement, cherchant à sortir d'une logique propriétaire de création et distribution logicielle, l'Open Infrastructure Movement se tourne vers la démocratisation de l'accès à Internet et à l'interconnexion numérique libre. Les usagers-innovateurs, membres des communautés wifi, désirent s'affranchir de l'hégémonie marchande dans le domaine et, par une gouvernance collective, s'organisent afin de délivrer un service citoyen à très bas coût. Rencontrer ces usagers-innovateurs sans-filistes c'est — en somme — aller demander à la demande ce qu'elle offre de plus que l'offre
Product and service users often take part to innovation. They are, at varying degrees, involved in design operations that contribute to give birth to new technological devices. For instance, they occasionally reinterpret “scripts” established by professionals for their own use. Adoption of a technological object reclaims its adaptation. Our research aims to determine how users become autoproducers thereby translating their needs by themselves. The rise of the user to the rank of designer leads to rethinking various socioeconomic issues such as the division of labour between amateurs and professionals, the definition of the terms of common framework between community and market, the importance of technical cooperation between these two worlds — which are generally thought to be separated —, and last but not least the social mobility of “hacktivists”. Our study focuses on Western wireless communities. Mainly led by groups of skilful enthusiasts, these communities try to find a way to democratize access to digital services, notably Internet. They have to build their own network infrastructure for that. Wifi activists want to free themselves from the hegemony of companies and intend to provide people with a low-cost citizen service based on a collective governance of technology

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40

Grindley, Peter Conrad. "A strategic analysis of the diffusion of innovations : theory and evidence." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308388.

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41

Jeon, Gyoo Jeong. "Innovative methods for long-term mineral forecasting." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184653.

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This study presents improved methods for long-term forecasting of mineral demands. Intensity of use, both in its simple, original form and as described by richer economic relations is one such method, particularly when intensity of use is estimated using rigorous statistical methods. Additionally, this dissertation explores the implications of the learning curve for long term forecasting of mineral demands. This study begins by considering the empirical evidence which applies when a learning curve is present. Then, if a learning pattern is present, the learning model is used to examine an economic measure for specified levels of economic activity. This dissertation also provides some empirical results on the learning curve in mineral industries and demonstrates how the learning model can be used as an economic forecasting tool. As an alternative to the intensity of use and learning models, there is a vector model, either using time varying coefficients or expressed as a transcendental function, to capture dynamics. This model estimates the time varying parameters from the vector space instead of the variable space. The major advantage of this model is that it honors correlations between variables. This is especially important in ex ante forecasting in which explanatory variables themselves must be forecast to obtain a forecast of the dependent variable.

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Круш, Наталія Петрівна. "Управління інноваційною діяльністю корпоративних підприємств машинобудування". Thesis, НТУУ "КПІ", 2016. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/15978.

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Анотація:

Дисертацію присвячено поглибленню теоретичних положень, науково-методичного забезпечення та обґрунтуванню практичних рекомендацій щодо удосконалення управління інноваційною діяльністю корпоративних підприємств машинобудування. Визначено економічний зміст інноваційної діяльності, а також сутність управління нею. Ідентифіковано принципи функціонування системи управління інноваційною діяльністю корпоративних підприємств. Систематизовано фактори впливу на результати управління інноваційною діяльністю та обґрунтовано доцільність застосування результативного підходу до його оцінювання. Виявлено тенденції інноваційної діяльності, діагностовано фінансово-економічну спроможність до її реалізації, оцінено результативність управління для корпоративних підприємств машинобудування. Запропоновано наукові положення стратегічного управління інноваційною діяльністю корпоративних підприємств машинобудування, які базуються на діагностуванні сили та напряму впливу факторів середовища і дозволяють обирати раціональні стратегії інноваційної діяльності, інструментарій їх реалізації, здійснювати стратегічний контроль та аудит. Надано науково-практичні рекомендації щодо удосконалення управління інноваційною діяльністю корпоративних підприємств бази апробації відповідно до типу інноваційної поведінки у частині вибору та реалізації стратегічних цілей.
The thesis is devoted to widening the theoretical provisions, scientific and methodological support and substantiation of practical recommendations to improve the management of innovative activity of corporate engineering enterprises. Economic content of innovative activity, as well as the essence of its management was determined. Principles of operation of the management system of innovative activity of corporate enterprises, which it was suggested to classify into system-wide, providing and resulting, were identified. Factors of influence on the results of innovative management were systematized and possibility of applying effective approach to its assessment was proved. Factors of influence are divided into the demand for innovation, public management of innovative activity and the internal potential of the enterprise. Tendencies of innovative activity were analyzed and revealed, financial and economic capacity for its implementation was diagnosed, an effectiveness of its management for corporate engineering enterprises was assessed. Based on the analysis of management system of innovative activity of corporate engineering enterprises it was revealed inadequate methodological support of assessing the effectiveness of strategic change in innovative activity of corporate engineering enterprises. This made it possible to offer scientific principles of strategic management of innovative activity of corporate engineering enterprises, based on the diagnosis of the power and direction of influence of demand for innovation, public management of innovative activity and the internal potential of the enterprise. They allow choosing the 23 rational strategy of innovative activity according to the type of innovative behavior (leaders, followers or outsiders), tools for their implementation in terms of goal-setting and exercising strategic control and audit. The criteria of the place and the role of innovative strategy in the system of corporate enterprise strategies were defined. Among them it should be noted: the need to accounting during development and implementation of all types of the strategies, accounting of the common vision for the organization, resource availability based on the strategic analysis at all levels and components of the strategies, availability of the rules of their distribution according to the ratio of standard and innovative activities, commensurate and reciprocal influence of goals of the strategies, impact on the degree of accessibility of the strategic development results, role in ensuring the potential of growth for the enterprise and its competitiveness, taking into account the basic conditions of environment and its subjects, ensuring internal and external synergies. It was determined that choice and change of innovative activity strategies in a volatile external environment and taking into account significant fluctuations in internal capacity of the enterprises should be gradual, stage nature, which contemplates the realization of the strategic goals, their audit with the subsequent decision on the further implementation according to the selected management tools. It was revealed that the corporate engineering enterprises have sufficient internal capacity to maintain the leading position both in domestic and foreign markets. Among those who implement the type of behavior of followers, many on the basis of the forecast will be able to improve the performance of innovative activity. On the basis of the findings there were given theoretical and practical recommendations on improvement of management of innovation activity for corporate engineering enterprises in selection and implementation of the relevant strategic goals and diagnosed their internal capacity to implement the recommended goals. These include, primarily, organizational and management, resource, technical and technological goals. In addition, general directions of efficiency increase of management of innovative activity were proposed for corporate engineering enterprises, including the need to implement the principle of differentiation of the public innovation policy and strategy.
Диссертация посвящена углублению теоретических положений, научно-методического обеспечения и обоснованию практических рекомендаций по совершенствованию управления инновационной деятельностью корпоративных предприятий машиностроения. Определено экономическое содержание инновационной деятельности, а также сущность управления ею. Идентифицировано принципы функционирования системы управления инновационной деятельностью корпоративных предприятий. Систематизированы факторы, влияющие на результаты управления инновационной деятельностью и обоснована целесообразность применения результативного подхода к его оценке. Выявлены тенденции инновационной деятельности, диагностировано финансово-экономическую способность к реализации, оценены результативность управления для корпоративных предприятий машиностроения. Предложены научные положения стратегического управления инновационной деятельностью корпоративных предприятий машиностроения, которые базируются на диагностике силы и направления влияния факторов среды и позволяют выбирать рациональные стратегии инновационной деятельности, инструментарий их реализации, осуществлять стратегический контроль и аудит. Предоставлено научно-практические рекомендации по совершенствованию управления инновационной деятельностью корпоративных предприятий базы апробации в соответствии с типом инновационного поведения в части выбора и реализации стратегических целей.

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43

Phumchusri, Naragain. "Innovative policies to manage demand in service systems with limited capacity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42866.

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This dissertation presents innovative demand management techniques for service systems with limited resources. The first study analyzes demand management policies of animal shelters with limited Kennel space as a set of interacting stochastic queueing systems. In practice, there are two main policies being used, which we call "Kill" and "No-Kill" policies. In a "Kill" system, animals may be euthanized if a shelter is full. Many shelters have moved to a "No-Kill" policy, where they avoid killing for space and adopt other approaches to reduce supply and demand mismatch. Our goal is to provide insights on how No-Kill policies, such as coordination, adoption and neutering campaigns, help reduce the animals' killing rate so that the shelter management can choose the way to effectively solve their problems. In the second part, we consider a topic of demand management for the Sports and Entertainment (S&E) industry, called "Scaling the house", i.e., how to divide seats into zones for different prices to maximize revenue across the venue. From the data obtained from several performance venues in the U.S., we find ticket demand is impacted by locations of seats as well as by price. We characterize closed-form solutions for the optimal two-dimensional zoning decision (with row and column cuts) and the one-dimensional decision (with row cuts), and explore when each model should be applied. The third study considers pricing as a tool to manage demand for the S&E tickets. We develop dynamic pricing with demand learning models where demand is also affected by time left until the show dates. Since the show's popularity is usually uncertain to the seller, we propose a method to learn the overall popularity via Bayesian updates. We perform computational experiments to understand properties of the model solutions and identify when demand learning is most beneficial.

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44

Einloft, Pedro Costa. "The echoes of bandwagon through a complex system of innovation and development." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/43688.

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Анотація:

Orientador : Dr. João Basílio Pereima
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Ecônomico. Defesa : 28/04/2016
Inclui referências : f.66-71
Resumo: Esta tese busca analisar como a heterogeneidade de demanda, aqui representada por comportamento bandwagon e desigualdade de riqueza, molda o processo de decisão da firma sobre qual tipo de inovação visar, dados os padrões de mercado emergentes dessas características microeconômicas em um mundo no qual os consumidores são heterogêneos e interagem entre si. Dois Modelos Baseados em Agentes são desenvolvidos com o objetivo de analisar esse assunto que, além de complexo, ainda está para ser analisado na literatura econômica: enquanto existem diversos estudos sobre difusão de inovação, nenhum até o momento se aprofunda nos mecanismos micro-mezzo-macro através dos quais a interação entre os agentes afetam a estrutura do mercado, o que faz com que as firmas mudem suas estratégias de inovação, gerando diferentes resultados macroeconômicos. Uma nova estrutura para interação entre agentes é introduzida na qual os consumidores não são apenas nódulos estáticos com redes sociais pré-estabelecidas - como nos ambientes small world - mas caminham livremente através do plano da economia estocasticamente gerando, a cada ponto no tempo, novos processos de interação com outros agentes, desde que os mesmos estejam no awareness radius dos consumidores, uma medida criada com o objetivo de controlar a racionalidade e a capacidade de percepção dos agentes. A heterogeneidade no primeiro modelo advém das preferências do consumidor com relação à adoção de novas tecnologias, das quais thresholds estocásticos são derivados, enquanto que no segundo modelo os consumidores possuem diferentes dotações de riqueza, o que faz com que os mesmos se comportem de maneira diferente quando avaliam a compra de um novo produto de alta tecnologia e preço. Os resultados do primeiro modelo mostram que um aumento na capacidade de percepção dos consumidores e em suas propensões a serem influenciados por outros consumidores detentores de produtos de melhor qualidade aceleram a saturação ao longo do ciclo de vida do produto, levando as firmas a preferir inovações de produto a inovações de processo, o que gera maiores custos, mark-ups e lucratividade. Apesar da existência teórica de que exista uma ambiguidade nos efeitos da desigualdade sobre inovações, o segundo modelo sugere que uma sociedade mais igualitária eleva ambos os tipos de inovação, além de levar o mercado a ser mais competitivo e apresentar menores preços, mark-ups e margens de lucro. Palavras-chave: Inovação. Comportamento Bandwagon. Saturação de Demanda. Ciclo de Vida do Produto. Complexidade.
Abstract: This dissertation seeks to address the issue of how demand heterogeneity, represented here by bandwagon behaviour and wealth inequality, shapes firm decision on the type of innovation to pursue, given the emergent market patterns from microeconomic traits of a world with heterogeneous interacting consumers. Two agent-based models are develop in order to tackle such complex subject yet to be explored in the literature: while there are several studies on innovation difusion, none so far have explicitly analysed the micro-mezzo-macro mechanisms through which consumer interaction and heterogeneity alter market structure, thus changing firms decision on innovation which generates diferent macroeconomic outcomes. A new framework for agent interaction is introduced in which consumers are not static nodes with pre-set social networks, such as in small worlds environments, but freely walk through an economic plain stochastically creating new interaction processes at each point in time with other agents inside their awareness radius, a measure created to control rationality and perception. Heterogeneity in the first model comes from consumer preferences toward new technologies from which stochastic threshold values are derived, while in the second consumers have diferent wealth endowments, which makes them behave diferently when considering the purchase of a new costly high-tech product. Results from the first model show that increasing consumer awareness and making them more adept to be influenced by the new technologies other consumers own speeds up saturation over the product life cycle, leading firms to prefer product other than process innovation, which yields higher costs, mark-up and profitability. Despite the existence of an ambiguous theoretical efect of inequality over innovation, second model results suggests that a more egalitarian society drives both product and process innovations up and leads to a more competitive market, with lower prices mark-ups and profit margins. Keywords: Innovation. Bandwagon Behaviour. Demand Saturation. Product Life Cycle. Complexity.

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45

Sabetti, Leonard. "L'innovation et l'esprit d'entreprise : preuves empiriques à l'aide de microdonnées." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD017.

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Cette thèse comprend quatre essais empiriques sur l’innovation et l’esprit d’entreprise, utilisant des microdonnées au niveau de l’entreprise. Ces données ont permis de mieux comprendre les moteurs et les dynamiques sous-jacentes de la croissance économique au niveau macro, tout en offrant la possibilité d’améliorer et de fonder les politiques publiques sur des données probantes. La principale contribution de la thèse repose sur l’utilisation de nouvelles données d’enquête dans différents contextes et l’inclusion de questions améliorées sur les activités d’innovation des entreprises. Ces questions s’inspirent du Manuel d’Oslo, publié conjointement par l’OCDE et Eurostat pour favoriser une méthodologie internationalement reconnue pour les statistiques sur l’innovation des entreprises. L’analyse utilise des méthodes d’évaluation microéconomique et de programme. Le chapitre 1 examine la relation entre l’innovation et la performance pour un échantillon de quelque 30 000 entreprises des pays en développement, sur la base d’enquêtes récentes recueillies par l’unité d’enquête sur les entreprises de la Banque mondiale. Nous constatons que les retours sur l’innovation sont positifs et importants, mais qu’ils varient selon le type d’innovation et le degré de nouveauté. En outre, le R&D joue un rôle plus prononcé pour l’innovation radicale. En utilisant le même ensemble de données, le chapitre 2 examine la relation entre l’innovation et l’emploi. Notre analyse souligne le rôle de l’innovation de produit comme principal canal de création d’emplois. Nous avons également constaté un manque d’impact négatif de l’innovation de procédé, potentiellement dû à un effet de composition de compétences. Le chapitre 3 concerne les effets de l’innovation et du financement sur la survie et sur la croissance d’un échantillon d’environ 4 000 entreprises aux États-Unis, sur la base d’une enquête de 8 ans lancée en 2004 et chevauchant la Grande Récession de 2008-2009. Les entreprises du secteur de la haute technologie ont plus de chance de survivre, avec un taux de sortie en forme de U inverse. Les effets positifs de financement initial sont inversés pendant la Grande Récession, ce qui souligne le rôle de la dépendance financière et du cycle économique. Les start-ups qui signalent l’introduction de nouveaux produits sur le marché affichent des taux de croissance plus élevés. Nous étudions un mécanisme potentiel par lequel les entreprises innovantes ont plus de chances d’obtenir des cycles supplémentaires de financement externe. Les résultats soulignent le rôle de l’intégration de mesures directes de l’innovation et de l’hétérogénéité des entreprises. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étudions un échantillon d’entreprises manufacturières en Italie, afin de découvrir les moteurs des dépenses de R&D des entreprises. Nous estimons à environ 30 points de pourcentage l’effet d’attraction pour les entreprises qui déclarent coopérer avec le secteur universitaire sur les projets de R&D et nous comparons ces résultats pour l’impact des subventions fiscales telles que les crédits d’impôt. Les conclusions de la thèse sont pertinentes pour les politiques publiques en matière d’innovation et d’entrepreneuriat et pour maximiser le rendement du secteur public sur l’investissement
This thesis comprises four empirical essays on innovation and entrepreneurship using firm-level microdata. The proliferation of such data has led to greater understanding of the underlying drivers and dynamics of economic growth at the macro level, enabling enhanced and evidence-based public policy. The main contribution of the thesis resides in the use of new survey data across different contexts with enhanced questions on firm innovation activities. These questions were modeled on the Oslo Manual Guidelines published jointly by the OECD and Eurostat to foster an internationally recognized methodology for business innovation statistics. Micro-econometric and program evaluation methods guided the analysis. Chapter 1 examines the relationship between innovation and performance for a sample of over 30,000 firms in developing countries from recent surveys collected by the Enterprise Survey Unit of the World Bank. We find that returns to innovation are positive and large but vary substantially according to innovation type and degree of novelty. Moreover, R&D plays a more pronounced role for radical innovation. Utilizing the same dataset, chapter 2 investigates the relationship between innovation and employment. Our analysis highlights the role of product innovation as the main channel for employment creation. We also found a lack of negative impact from process innovation, potentially due to a skill composition effect. Chapter 3 concerns the effects of innovation and financing on both survival and growth for a sample of roughly 4,000 firms in the United States based on an 8-year survey launched in 2004 and overlapping with the Great Recession of 2008-2009. Firms in the high-tech sector are more likely to survive; they display an inverted U-shaped exit rate. While initial financing levels positively affect survival, the effects are reversed during the Great Recession, underlining the role of financial dependence and the business cycle. Startups that introduce new products to market display higher growth rates. We investigate a potential mechanism whereby innovative firms are more likely to obtain additional rounds of external financing. The results highlight the role of incorporating direct measures of innovation for firm heterogeneity. In the final chapter, we study a sample of manufacturing firms in Italy to uncover drivers of firm R&D expenditures. We estimate a crowding-in effect of roughly thirty percentage points for firms that report cooperation with the university sector on R&D projects and contrast these findings in terms of the impact from fiscal subsidies such as tax credits. Findings of the thesis have relevance for public policy around innovation and entrepreneurship and for maximizing public sector returns on investment

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46

Mattson, Jeremy. "Innovative Approach to Estimating Demand for Intercity Bus Services in a Rural Environment." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25945.

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Because existing models have their limitations, there is a significant need for a model to estimate demand for intercity bus services, especially in rural areas. The general objective of this research was to develop an intercity mode choice model that can be incorporated into a statewide travel demand model to estimate demand for rural intercity bus services. Four intercity transportation modes were considered in the study: automobile, bus, rail, and air. A stated preference survey was conducted of individuals across the state of North Dakota, and a mixed logit model was developed to estimate a mode choice model. Results from the mode choice model showed the significant impacts of individual, trip, and mode characteristics on choice of mode. Gender, age, income, disability, trip purpose, party size, travel time, travel cost, and access distance were all found to have significant impacts on mode choice, and traveler attitudes were also found to be important. The study demonstrated how the mode choice model can be incorporated into a statewide travel demand model, and intercity bus mode shares were estimated for origin-destination pairs within the state. Alternative scenarios were analyzed to show how mode shares would change under different conditions or service characteristics. This study was conducted in the largely rural state of North Dakota, but results could be transferable to other areas with similar geographic characteristics.
U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)

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47

Wäckerle, Manuel. "On the Bottom-up Foundations of the Banking-Macro Nexus." Kiel Institute for the World Economy, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2013-40.

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The complexity of credit-money is conceived as the central issue in the banking-macro nexus, which the author considers as a structural as well as process component of the evolving economy. This nexus is significant for the stability as well as the fragility of the economic system, because it connects the monetary with the real domain of economic production and consumption. The evolution of credit rules shapes economic networks between households, firms, banks, governments and central banks in space and time. The properties and characteristics of this evolutionary process are discussed in three sections. First, the author looks into the origins of the theory of money and its role for contemporary monetary economics. Second, he briefly discusses current theoretical foundations of top-down as well as bottom-up approaches to the banking-macro nexus, such as dynamic stochastic general equilibrium and agent-based models. In the third part he suggests an evolutionary framework, building on a generic rule-based approach, to arrive at standards for bottom-up foundations in agent-based macroeconomic models with a banking sector. (author's abstract)

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48

Madrid, Rodolfo Lorenzo Pablo. "Innovations in microinsurance: evidence from the Philippines." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11579.

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A popularidade e o interesse em microsseguro, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento, tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Parte do sucesso se deve às inovações desenvolvidas principalmente para a indústria de microsseguros, que é bastante diferente do seguro tradicional. No entanto, há pouca informação sobre o impacto real dessas inovações em termos de aumento da demanda por microsseguro. Este estudo investiga quais as inovações de fato ajudaram a aumentar a demanda de microsseguros. Um método de estudo de caso qualitativo é aplicado sobre a MicroEnsure Filipinas , uma das empresas de microsseguro de maior sucesso no país. Os resultados mostram que as inovações precisam ser implementadas em vários aspectos de uma empresa de microsseguros para que elas sejam um meio eficaz de aumentar a demanda por microsseguro. As descobertas podem apoiar os gestores de microsseguros e formuladores de políticas na tomada de medidas para a criação de inovações de microsseguros benéficas em toda a Filipinas.

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49

Horta, José Luis. "Innovative paradigms and architecture for future distribution electricity networks supporting the energy transition." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0022/document.

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Les futurs réseaux de distribution d’électricité devront héberger une part importante et croissante de sources d’énergies renouvelables intermittentes. De plus, ils devront faire face à une part croissante de véhicules électriques. Ces tendances induisent le besoin de nouveaux paradigmes et architectures d’exploitation du réseau de distribution, afin de fiabiliser les réseaux et d'assurer la qualité de fourniture d’électricité. Dans cette thèse nous proposons une nouvelle architecture capable de favoriser la collaboration entre les acteurs du marché de gros, les gestionnaires de réseau de distribution et les clients finaux, afin de tirer parti des ressources énergétiques distribuées tout en prenant en compte les contraintes des réseaux de distribution. L’architecture est conçue pour fournir des services innovants de gestion de la demande résidentielle, dans le cadre de l'autoconsommation individuelle et collective (à l'échelle d'un quartier). La thèse apporte trois contributions principales. D'abord, sur la base de l'internet des objets et de la technologie blockchain, la thèse fournit les éléments de base pour les futures architectures de gestion de l'énergie au niveau du réseau de distribution. Ensuite, en focalisant sur les services rendus par de telles architectures, nous proposons un marché intra-journalier au pas horaire pour l'échange local de l'énergie renouvelable entre maisons, associé à un mécanisme d'allocation dynamique des phases afin d'améliorer la qualité de fourniture. Finalement, nous proposons un mécanisme de contrôle en temps réel pour l'ajustement des transactions du marché vers des échanges finaux d'électricité qui respectent les restrictions posées par le gestionnaire du réseau électrique
Future electricity distribution grids will host an important and growing share of variable renewable energy sources and local storage resources. Moreover, they will face new load structures due for example to the growth of the electric vehicle market. These trends raise the need for new distribution grid architecture and operation paradigms to keep the grid stable and to ensure quality of supply. In addition, these new paradigms will enable the provision of advanced new services. In this thesis we propose a novel architecture capable of fostering collaboration among wholesale market actors, distribution system operators and end customers, to leverage flexible distributed energy resources while respecting distribution system constrains. The architecture is designed for providing innovative residential demand side management services, with a special focus on services enabled by self-consumption at the household and neighborhood level. Following these general objectives, the thesis provides three main contributions. First, based on internet of things and blockchain technology, we propose the building blocks for future distribution grid energy management architectures. Then, focusing on the services enabled by such architectures, we propose hour-ahead markets for the local exchange of renewable energy among households together with dynamic phase allocation mechanism to improve the quality of electricity supply. Finally, we propose a real time control mechanism for the adjustment of market decisions to satisfy distribution system operator constraints

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50

Faissol, Daniel Mello. "Technology adoption and inequality." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22710.

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Дисертації з теми "Demand for innovation"

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