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1
Shagufta, Sonia, Daniel Boduszek, Katie Dhingra, and Derrol Kola-Palmer. "Latent classes of delinquent behaviour associated with criminal social identity among juvenile offenders in Pakistan." Journal of Forensic Practice 17, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-08-2014-0026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the number and nature of latent classes of delinquency that exist among male juvenile offenders incarcerated in prisons in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of 415 young male offenders incarcerated in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan. Latent class analysis was employed to determine the number and nature of delinquency latent classes. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between latent classes and the three factors of criminal social identity (cognitive centrality, in-group affect, and in-group ties) whilst controlling for criminal friends, period of confinement, addiction, age, and location. Findings – The best fitting latent class model was a three-class solution. The classes were labelled: “minor delinquents” (the baseline/normative class; Class 3), “major delinquents” (Class 1), and “moderate delinquents” (Class 2). Class membership was predicted by differing external variables. Specifically, Class 1 membership was related to having more criminal friends; while Class 2 membership was related to lower levels of in-group affect and higher levels of in-group ties. Practical implications – Findings are discussed in relation to refining current taxonomic arguments regarding the structure of delinquency and implications for prevention of juvenile delinquent behaviour. Originality/value – First, most previous studies have focused on school children, whereas, this paper focuses on incarcerated juvenile offenders. Second, this research includes delinquents from Pakistan, whereas, most previous research has examined delinquent behaviour in western cultures.
2
De Coster, Stacy, and Jennifer Lutz. "Reconsidering Labels and Primary Deviance." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, no. 5 (April 19, 2018): 609–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818771437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: We assess Matsueda’s reflected appraisals model of delinquency across groups of previously delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. We hypothesize that the reflected appraisals process, which entails incorporating informal appraisals by significant others into self-identities, differs across delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. Method: We estimate cross-group models of the reflected appraisals process among delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents using the data (National Youth Survey) and methodology (structural equation modeling) from Matsueda’s original research. Results: The informal labeling and identity processes articulated in the reflected appraisals model better explain delinquency continuity than delinquency onset. Notable differences across previously delinquent and nondelinquent groups are found with respect to the influence of parental appraisals on reflected appraisals and with respect to the influence of race on parental and reflected appraisals. Conclusions: Informal labeling predicts both continuity and onset of delinquency. Continuity results from delinquent adolescents incorporating troublemaking appraisals into their self-identities and living up to those labels. Identity processes prove unimportant for linking troublemaking appraisals to delinquency among falsely appraised adolescents. Future research is needed to assess the possibility that false appraisals produce delinquency through processes articulated in general strain and defiance theories. We also discuss avenues for future research on race, identities, and delinquency.
3
Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
4
Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10708.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
5
Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Yugra State University Bulletin 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20200130-36.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
6
Walters, Glenn D. "Desistance and Identity: Do Reflected Appraisals as a Delinquent Impede the Crime-Reducing Effects of the Adolescent-to-Adult Transition?" Criminal Justice Review 45, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016819899133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Desistance from crime can occur at any age but is most likely to occur during the adolescence-to-adult transition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether one facet of a criminal identity (i.e., reflected appraisals as a delinquent) impedes future desistance in male youth making the transition from adolescence to adulthood, controlling for family structure, social influence, low self-control, prior delinquency, and age of delinquency onset. Longitudinal data furnished by 284 members of the Marion County Youth Study, all of whom were male and 98% of whom were White, each with histories of delinquency, were subjected to binary logistic regression analysis and causal mediation analysis. Results indicated that reflected appraisals correlated negatively with desistance and successfully mediated the inverse relationship between number of prior delinquent contacts and subsequent desistance from crime between the ages of 19 and 26. Considering the role reflected appraisals appear to play in the development of a criminal identity, it is speculated that targeting reflected appraisals as a delinquent should be of value in maximizing the number of juveniles who desist from crime during the adolescence-to-adult transition.
7
Afrasiabi, Hossein. "Determinants of Tendency to Deviant Social Identity among Delinquent Youth." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p298-304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Deviant identity has been recognized as one of the main causes of the crime in a large number of the studies. Formation of criminal or deviant identity are affected by different social conditions this study was conducted in order to investigate the factors underlying the deviant identity among the delinquent youth. The research sample consisted of 15-25years old delinquent youth in Yazd city. A survey was used as research method and data were collected using the questionnaires. The results showed that destructive social capital, Anomie and deviance in the family, have a significant relationship with deviant identity.
8
Walters, Glenn D. "Proactive Criminal Thinking and Deviant Identity as Mediators of the Peer Influence Effect." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016636436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to test the moral model of criminal lifestyle development with data from the 1,725-member (918 boys and 807 girls) National Youth Survey. It was hypothesized that peer delinquency would predict proactive criminal thinking but not deviant identity as part of a four-variable chain running from peer delinquency to participant delinquency. Consistent with this hypothesis, the pathway running from peer delinquency to proactive criminal thinking to deviant identity to participant delinquency was significant but the pathway running from peer delinquency to deviant identity to proactive criminal thinking to participant delinquency was not. Deviant identity nonetheless predicted proactive criminal thinking and delinquency. These results support a major pathway in the moral model and indicate that while deviant identity plays a role in antisocial development, it is as a cause and effect of proactive criminal thinking rather than as an effect of delinquent peer associations.
9
Milosevic, Nikoleta. "The identity of an underachiever student as an outcome of social relations." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no. 1 (2006): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0601101m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with various performance factors in underachiever students primarily juvenile delinquents who reported declining levels of achievement throughout the duration of corrective out-of-institution measures. This raises the question: Why is there a decline in school achievement of juvenile delinquents during the treatment which is essentially aimed at improving school performance. What causes this? In the search for an answer we considered various approaches for the determination of the identity of a juvenile delinquent, underaching at school. The author takes issue with traditional views on identity and changes the focus from an individual over to the interaction between an individual and society. It is argued that poor school performance should be placed in the context of social relations; the author suggests that problems faced by underachievers at school only accidentally stem from what they can or cannot do, rather, the root of the problem lies in the manner other people relate to them. It is necessary that a teacher should realize that students are social beings in behavioral experiments who have individualities and that their personal characteristics stem from their relations with other people. A teacher is expected to attempt to construct the manner in which a student views himself and the world around himself, that is, to enter a "role relationship" with him.
10
Copp, Jennifer E., Peggy C. Giordano, Monica A. Longmore, and Wendy D. Manning. "Desistance from Crime during the Transition to Adulthood: The Influence of Parents, Peers, and Shifts in Identity." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 57, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 294–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427819878220.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: Research on criminal continuity and change has traditionally focused on elements of the adult life course (e.g., marriage and employment); however, recent social and economic changes suggest the need to consider a broader range of factors. In addition, researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of identity changes in the desistance process. Methods: Using five waves of structured data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), we examined identity changes, shifts in involvement with delinquent peers, and variability in closeness with parents as influences on desistance. In-depth interviews with a subset of TARS respondents offered a person-centered lens on individual and social processes associated with variability in criminal behavior. Results: Findings indicated that identity changes were associated with declines in offending. In addition, changes in parental closeness and the extent of affiliation with antisocial peers contributed to patterns of offending, net of these subjectively experienced cognitive changes. Conclusions: Cognitive processes are important to desistance. However, they do not independently provide a path to sustained behavioral change. Social experiences, including changes in relationships/supports from parents and affiliation with delinquent peers, also figure into change processes. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and programmatic efforts.
11
Kim, Jihoon, and Yeungjeom Lee. "Does It Take a School? Revisiting the Influence of First Arrest on Subsequent Delinquency and Educational Attainment in a Tolerant Educational Background." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 56, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 254–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818801053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: By drawing on cumulative influences of labeling in Western samples, this study examined the relationship between first-time arrest and delinquency and educational attainment in South Korea, a unique cultural context characterized by a heightened focus on education. Method: Propensity score matching was employed to match arrested and nonarrested juveniles. After the groups were balanced on 58 covariates, the matched sample was used to assess the influence of arrest on delinquency and on college enrollment with consideration of the mediating processes of the labeling mechanism and educational characteristics. Results: For a short period, arrest was significantly related to subsequent delinquency, although this association did not persist into the consecutive year. Arrest did not adversely influence college enrollment. The mediating models showed that arrest had a negative influence on deviant self-identity and educational characteristics; however, these associations did not extend to subsequent delinquency and educational attainment. Conclusions: Formal sanction experiences have a more imminent impact on amplifying deviance for arrestees, but this influence does not seem to last long term. Results imply that an education system with a tolerant atmosphere may serve as a buffer against labeling effects and highlight the importance of school context in shaping delinquent behavior.
12
Spink, Alisa, Daniel Boduszek, Agata Debowska, and Christopher Bale. "Validation of the Measure of Delinquent Social Identity Among Youth Offenders in the UK." Deviant Behavior 40, no. 9 (May 23, 2018): 1031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2018.1456723.
Повний текст джерела
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Spiegler, Olivia, Ralf Wölfer, and Miles Hewstone. "Dual Identity Development and Adjustment in Muslim Minority Adolescents." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 48, no. 10 (September 13, 2019): 1924–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01117-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Dual identity (e.g., strong ethnic and national identity) is a psychological resource for minority groups, but how it develops during adolescence is less clear. In this 3-wave longitudinal study, a person-oriented approach was used to examine dual identity development in a sample of 2145 Muslim adolescents (MT1 = 15 years, 51% female) in four Western European countries. The results of a growth-mixture model pointed toward four distinct developmental Classes: (1) “Dual identity”, (2) “Separation to dual identity”, (3) “Assimilation to dual identity”, and (4) “Separation”. Multiple group comparisons further showed that adolescents in Class 1 were well adjusted, but well-being (e.g., internalizing problems, life satisfaction) and health were even higher among adolescents in Class 2. Adolescents in Class 3 had consistently lower levels of well-being, and adolescents in Class 4 had lower levels of socio-cultural adjustment (e.g., problem behaviour at school, delinquent behaviour, and lack of intergroup contact). The findings underscore that most Muslim minority adolescents in Western Europe develop a dual identity, and that the developmental process, not simply the outcome, matters for adjustment.
14
Na, Chongmin, and Ray Paternoster. "Prosocial Identities and Youth Violence." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 56, no. 1 (September 6, 2018): 84–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818796552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Despite a recent surge of interest in the important role that identity change plays in the desistance process, much of the empirical work has been qualitative and conducted with small samples, usually of serious adult offenders. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of adolescents in South Korea, this study explores how the development of their prosocial identity is related to their own social bond and network and collectively how this process relates to a downward trend in violent behavior. Method: Negative binomial random effects models were estimated to assess the within-individual effects of the proposed predictor and mediators on the outcome variable. Then, longitudinal path analyses were conducted to explore the overall and specific mediation processes. Conclusion: First, there is an inverse relationship between prosocial identity and violent behavior across time. Second, our own identity of self might not be entirely a social construction based on others’ appraisals but is intimately connected to the actions that we intentionally take. Third, positive effects of a prosocial identity on subsequent violence are mediated primarily by the avoidance of association with delinquent peers. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.
15
Ashton, Sally-Ann, and Anna Bussu. "Peer groups, street gangs and organised crime in the narratives of adolescent male offenders." Journal of Criminal Psychology 10, no. 4 (September 21, 2020): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-06-2020-0020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how young people who offend with others define delinquent and criminal groups and consider the social risk factors associated with gang membership and criminal exploitation. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 15 young people who were purposively sampled from a group of 14- to 17-year-old males who had been identified as at risk of gang involvement and referred to a community-based programme. Using a social identity framework, a thematic analysis was undertaken to investigate how the participants viewed their role in offending as part of a group. Findings The participants identified peer groups, street gangs and the involvement of adult criminals as distinct categories of offending groups. Unlike prior models for gang involvement, some members of the sample were involved in multiple groups to perform different categories of crime. Importantly, participants displayed an awareness of exploitation and described successful exit strategies from criminal groups. Research limitations/implications Understanding how young people who are involved in delinquent behaviour and offending define gang and group offending. Practical implications The implications for gang and group offending prevention and intervention programmes are discussed. Originality/value The literature on child criminal exploitation and UK drug markets is in its infancy. This paper offers further evidence for the processes of joining and leaving delinquent and criminal groups.
16
Landolt, Sara. "Co-productions of neighbourhood and social identity by young men living in an urban area with delinquent youth cliques." Journal of Youth Studies 16, no. 5 (August 2013): 628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.733813.
Повний текст джерела
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Cusson, Maurice. "Deux modalités de la peine et leurs effets sur le criminel." Acta Criminologica 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 11–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017030ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTWO TYPES OF PUNISHMENTAND THEIR EFFECT ON THE CRIMINALThe examination of the immediate, spontaneous social reaction of groups towards deviants makes it possible to distinguish two very different types of punishment : corrective and stigmatizing. Corrective punishment is a measure intended to change the behaviour of a delinquent and to maintain him within the group. Stigmatizing punishment consists of attaching a dishonourable label to the delinquent and rejecting him from the group to which he belongs. When a person who is receptive to the influence of his group undergoes corrective punishment, his most probable reaction will be to conform to the expectations of his group. But if he is subjected to stigmatizing punishment, there is a possibility that he will interiorize the criminal identity attributed to him. He will then enter into conflict with the group and with others, and will tend to become integrated into a criminal group and become a recidivist criminal.A study of recidivism, conducted on the basis of concepts of correction and stigmatization, makes it possible to formulate the following two propositions : 1) an individual who is easily influenced by his group will have a greater tendency to recidivate if, over a substantial period of time, the predominant reaction to his offenses is one of stigmatization. He will have less of a tendency to recidivate if the predominant reaction to his offenses is corrective ; 2) penal measures influence recidivism, not directly, but through the agency of the immediate social reaction. The penal measures start a process of stigmatization from the outset, which has an effect on the probability of recidivism.The concepts of correction and stigmatization are also useful in the study of the evolution of penal measures. They make two other propositions possible : 3) the more complex societies become, the less the State tends to resort to stigmatizing punishment and the more it resorts to corrective punishment ; 4) imprisonment is a punishment which was developed during a period of transition during which stigmatizing punishment was losing out in favour of corrective punishment. It is a mixed measure which attempts to reach a compromise between stigmatization and correction. Because it contains elements that are incompatible, the prison will eventually fall into disuse.At the level of action, the distinction between corrective punishment makes it possible to resolve seemingly insurmountable difficulties within the framework of the present ideology of treatment. It leads to the recognition of this basic fact, that all social reaction to an act that is disapproved of is a punishment, and care must be taken to safeguard the rights of thedelinquent, even when we claim to be treating him. Furthermore, this concept leads to the admission that all punishment is liable to contain elements of stigmatization. Only measures that are strictly necessary should therefore be applied to the delinquent, for fear of releasing, in an excess of zeal, a process of stigmatization that will only accentuate the delinquent's anti-social tendencies.
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Khoshnami, Mohammad SabzI, Fahime Sheybani, Elham Mohammadi, Maliheh Arshi, Leila Ostadhashemi, and Maliheh Khalvati. "From Leaving Home to Losing Identity: A Qualitative Study on Rough Sleeping in Drug Addicts in Iran." Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3071.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: The phenomenon of rough sleeping in big cities of Iran, particularly in Tehran is a serious social problem. The term rough sleeping is mostly used for those who sleep on the public spaces including pavements, parks or under bridges. It is assumed that rough sleeping and drug addiction are linked to each other. This study aims to evaluate the process of rough sleeping based on the experiences of homeless drug addicted in Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative research. Participants were 20 homeless addicts (9 males and 11 females, mean age= 36.2 years) in Tehran city who were recruited using a purposive sampling method, and sampling continued until data saturation. The data were collected through a semi-structured in-depth interview and observations. Data analysis was performed based on the grounded theory recommended by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Results: The rough sleeping process had two steps: (a) Leaving home voluntarily (to protect family or escape from family problems) or involuntarily (Due to being expelled from home and losing the roof over the head), and (b) Being homelessness which had four main categories: Elusive life, informal and contravened subsistence, involving in exploitative relationships, and loss of individual/social identity. Conclusion: When leaving home and becoming rough sleeper, the individual becomes elusive, delinquent, damaged and socially rejected homeless, in addition to the risk of becoming a drug addict. Therefore, this group can be considered as a severely injured group involved in various social, legal and psychological issues. Given the complexity of the homelessness aspects in drug addicts, there is a need for coordinated interventions between individuals, families and the support systems at all levels.
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Galyashina, E. I., and V. D. Nikishin. "Destructive Speech Behavior in the Digital Environment: Factors that Determine the Negative Impact on the User’s Worldview." Lex Russica, no. 6 (July 5, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.175.6.079-094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, in the context of universal digitalization and informatization of the society, the Internet environment is becoming a criminogenic communication environment, favorable for the commission of "speech crimes", i.e. speech actions that form the objective element of the corpus delicti. The paper is devoted to the criminological analysis of the factors that determine the negative impact of information threats on users of the digital communication environment (primarily, the Internet environment). Based on monitoring social communication in the Internet and analyzing the patterns of language functioning in conditions of the Internet communication, the authors summarize the main properties of the Internet communication and factors that provide the possibility of abuse of rights (freedom of speech and the right to freely search, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information) in order to have a destructive impact on the ideological safety of Internet users (primarily children and young people). Such factors include simulation, virality, hyperreality, the phenomenon of social disinhibition, etc. Particular attention is paid to the concept of destructiveness of information impact, considered on the basis of an analysis of the phenomena of human destructiveness, aggression and cyber aggression, deviance and delinquency. The authors propose to treat content risks and communication risks as forms of representation of destructive speech behavior in the digital environment as information threats to the ideological security of the Internet communication. The paper provides the authors’ classification of the information risks under consideration based on a generalization of judicial and forensic practice (including cases when materials were included in the Federal List of Extremist Materials by court decisions), the practice of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications (Roskomnadzor), as well as interdisciplinary analysis of scientific publications. The authors suggest that the terms "mortilatrya" and "eridophobia" be introduced in the context of ensuring the worldview security. The authors of the paper analyze the influence on the axiosphere of the Internet user of delinquent subcultures that erode a person’s identity in order to impose a new pseudo-correct- identity.
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Putri, Tasya Ayuwardani, and Diah Rahayu. "Psikoedukasi Tentang Perilaku Delikuen Sebagai Upaya Menurunkan Tingkat Kenakalan Remaja." PLAKAT : Jurnal Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/plakat.v4i2.8974.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Remaja merupakan masa seorang anak berada pada fase pencarian jati dirinya yang ingin mengenal siapa dirinya. Pada fase ini biasanya seorang anak mengalami masa pubertas yang memunculkan berbagai gejolak emosi dan menimbulkan masalah baik dalam keluarga maupun lingkungan sosialnya. Salah satu permasalahan remaja pada fase tersebut adalah kecenderungan untuk berperilaku nakal (delinguen) yang meliputi semua perilaku menyimpang dari norma-norma hukum pindana. Maka dibutuhkan pemahaman melalui sosialisasi psikoedukasi di SMP Nasional 3 Bahasa Kalimantan Timur dengan 40 siswa yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman remaja terhadap bahaya kenakalan dan dampaknya pada diri sendiri dengan metode ceramah. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan terdapat peningkatan sebesar 6.70 pada softskill siswa dalam kegiatan sosialisasi psikoedukasi di SMP Nasional 3 Bahasa Kalimantan Timur. Adolescence is a time when a child is in the phase of searching for his identity who wants to know who he is. In this phase, a child usually goes through puberty which causes various emotional upheavals and causes problems both in the family and in the social environment. One of the problems of adolescents in this phase is the tendency to misbehave (delinquent) which includes all behaviors that deviate from the norms of criminal law. Therefore, understanding is needed through psychoeducational socialization at SMP Nasional 3 Bahasa East Kalimantan with 40 students which aims to increase adolescents' understanding of the dangers of delinquency and its impact on themselves with the lecture method. Based on the results obtained, there was an increase of as much as 6.70 in the soft skills of students in psychoeducational socialization activities at SMP Nasional 3 Bahasa East Kalimantan.
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Prokofieva, Olesia, Olga Prokofieva, and Bogdan Smirnov. "THE FEATURES OF COPING STRATEGIES IN ADOLESCENCE." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.1.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the features of coping strategies in adolescence. The article aim is to study and analyze adolescents’ coping strategies and the coping features characteristic for delinquent adolescents. To achieve this goal, the authors solved the following tasks: to analyze the peculiarities of coping behavior in adolescence and to determine its connection with behavioral disorders, to identify life situations especially difficult for adolescents, to identify leading coping strategies in adolescents and to conduct comparative analysis of coping strategies used by delinquent adolescents and adolescents with normative behavior. The authors analyzed maladaptive coping strategies: confrontation strategy, escape-avoidance strategy, distancing strategy; as well as adaptive coping strategies: positive reassessment, self-control and responsibility, social support and planning. Overcoming difficult life situations requires mobilization of personal resources, which is manifested in coping strategies. Their features largely depend on personal characteristics, life experience and situational factors that determine the individual uniqueness of mastering strategies. Among the variety of coping strategies, there are emotional, cognitive and behavioral coping. The coping strategies that focus on problem solving, seeking social support and avoidance are basic. The authors conducted the study with two groups of adolescents with normative and delinquent behavior and found that adolescents with normative behavior, unlike delinquents, were not prone to aggressive efforts and risks in solving difficult situations. At the same time, delinquent adolescents were characterized by maladaptive coping strategies. Copings are aimed at adapting a person to the requirements of a situation, mitigating its requirements, avoiding or getting used to them. In general, it reduces the impact of a difficult situation, ensures and maintains an individual’s physical and mental health, well-being, and satisfaction with social relations. The obtained results indicate that adolescents with normative behavior in difficult life situations are more active in making arbitrary, problem-focused efforts to change the situation; they make more efforts to analyze ways to solve the problem than delinquent adolescents. Adolescents with normative behavior are prone to: planning, positive reassessment, self-control, acceptance of responsibility, and also have a low level of stress in copings. Delinquents clearly have a tendency to the maladaptive “avoiding problem” strategy. They are prone to confrontation, avoidance, detonation. Delinquent adolescents experience more difficult situations. The coping system of adolescents with delinquent behavior is more intense, which indicates that they experience higher levels of stress. In adolescence, coping behavior is actively formed and is a prerequisite for psychological well-being. It aims to improve adolescents’ adaptation and is manifested through a set of coping strategies. The studied causes of delinquent behavior show that they are closely related to coping strategies. When delinquency is development, maladaptive behavioral patterns are formed that prevent adequate coping with stressful situations. This is confirmed by the data obtained during the study. A comparison of coping strategies of the studied groups shows a qualitative difference in the structure of coping in difficult life situations for adolescents with normative and delinquent behavior. The data obtained will expand the understanding of the causes underlying adolescents’ destructive behavior. The authors’ study is of practical importance, its results can be used by psychologists and social educators to identify ways to optimize mental development of all adolescents and adolescents with delinquent behavior, in particular through the purposeful formation of more effective coping strategies.
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Craig, Wendy, Lyndall Schumann, Kelly Petrunka, Shahriar Khan, and Ray Peters. "GOVERNMENT COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH DELINQUENT TRAJECTORIES." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 2.1 (May 12, 2011): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs22.120117708.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this project were to: (a) identify early trajectories of delinquency for both boys and girls at ages 8 (Grade 3), 11 (Grade 6), and 14 (Grade 9) in a longitudinal sample of 842 at-risk youth from a multi-informant perspective (i.e., parents, teachers, self-reported youth ratings), and (b) estimate the costs associated with each delinquency trajectory on utilization of resources in the criminal justice system, remedial education, health care and social services, and social assistance. The results indicated six distinct trajectories of delinquency: two low groups, two desisting groups, an escalator group, and a high delinquency group. There were significantly more females than males in the two<em> low delinquency</em> trajectory groups, <em>p </em>< .05 for both analyses. Furthermore, both the youth from the two <em>desisters</em> trajectory groups (13% of the sample) and from the two most at-risk trajectories (<em>escalators</em> and <em>high delinquency</em>, 5% of the sample) each accounted for approximately 40% of the estimated costs to government. It is interesting to note that 80% of the estimated <em>Criminal Justice</em> costs were due to the <em>high delinquency</em> and <em>escalators</em> trajectory groups. Antisocial or delinquent girls cost society more money than antisocial or delinquent boys in all domains, with the exception of the <em>Social Assistance</em> domain<strong>. </strong>Implications for crime prevention are discussed.
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Turjeman, Hagit, Gustavo Mesch, and Gideon Fishman. "Social Identity, Identity Formation, and Delinquency." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 49, no. 2-3 (April 2008): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715207088907.
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Kurniawan, Fuat Edi, and Defbry Margiansyah. "AKTIVISME GERAKAN KEAGAMAAN DALAM KONTEKS KEBUDAYAAN : Antara Penegakan Syariat dan Anomali." Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 14, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v14i1.1605.
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This academic work discusses about an activism of the religious movement recently emerging as a response against Liberal Islam in Indonesia. The rise of such movement is interesting to be studied so as to gain deeper understanding on the relationship between expression of religious piety and culture in the context of Indonesia. This article focuses on the case of enforced closure on transgender Islamic school (Pesantren Waria) and rejection of Easter celebration conducted by Religious forum in Yogyakarta. The incompatibility of cultural products and dominant religious (Islamic) values is the major reason underlying the movement’s action, which tends to exert renunciation radically. Furthermore, such act of rejection in some cases resulted deprivation of freedom and rights of individuals in assembling and holding a religious belief based on their faith, even inflicted a violation to certain group of people. The religious movement activism makes the dilemma, on the one side a form of enforcement of the Shari'ah, but on the other side creates anomalies that depriving expression rights.The analysis of the article’s identified problems are explained into three forms of conclusion; First, the phenomenon of religious movement activism is understood as deviant subculture through which they set a standard of conduct derived from their own conception of truth. There is reaction-formation pattern found, where this subculture constitutes values and norms from the key culture. They reject other values and considering their delinquent norms are the correct ones, which subsequently enact those as the standard of behavior. Second, there is construction of collective religious identity integrated with ethnic identity. Third, such religious identity construct is increasingly established as moral legitimacy in existing social order. As consequence, the movement perceives that the society no longer needs a set of values derived from external circumstances such as egalitarianism, humanity, gender justice, and others.
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del Carmen Baerga-Santini, María. "History and the Contours of Meaning: The Abjection of Luisa Nevárez, First Woman Condemned to the Gallows in Puerto Rico, 1905." Hispanic American Historical Review 89, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 643–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2009-048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The article analyzes the case of Luisa Nevárez, the first woman condemned to the gallows in Puerto Rico at the beginning of the twentieth century. Convicted for the killing of her almost year-old daughter, she never admitted the crime nor showed any remorse. Yet, Luisa did not make an easy transition into the sphere of the criminal. The nascent identity that was being forged in early twentieth-century Puerto Rico configured the delinquent as a masculine subject who was acknowledged as possessing intellectual malice and the capacity for social action. Luisa’s condition as a woman, mother, and mulatta, her ignorance, and other factors deprived her of any possibility of entering the space of the criminal subject. Instead, the figure of Luisa oscillated between monster and madwoman in the discourses of the time. Around the mid-twentieth century her discursive figure emerges again, this time in the authorized voices of those concerned with criminal activities on the island. In this context, we find her embodying the prototype of the criminal woman: degenerate, ugly, black, and sexually insatiable. It is Luisa’s abject condition that places her on the threshold of history and on the borders of the intelligible. However, the impossibility of explaining her actions in a rational way constitutes a formidable challenge for the historian. In this respect, the article is also a reflection on the limits and possibilities of the representative faculties of the historical narrative.
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Toma, Cristina Magdalena. "Identify the needs for continuous professional training of specialists working with juvenile delinquents in order to make the intervention more effective and increase the chances of social adaptation." Technium Social Sciences Journal 36 (October 8, 2022): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v36i1.7519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Youth deviance is one of the fundamental problems of any society. Over time, the problem of young people's adaptation to the group they belong to, the stages of socialization, internalization and compliance with the rules imposed by the majority, as well as the inability of some individuals to adapt to the demands of social life in common, have been food for thought and a framework for scientific debate. Despite the efforts of state institutions, police, prosecutors, courts, schools, juvenile delinquency cannot be stopped. But it can be reduced if a series of appropriate social and criminal measures are implemented. Minors and young people have developing personalities and working with these categories must be guided by the principle of "not adapted to the prison - adapted to the social". Thus, the activities carried out with juvenile delinquents must aim to maintaining a permanent connection with the external social environment, developing certain social skills, increasing their educational level and facilitating their socio-occupational integration. The intervention on juvenile delinquency must start from the intervention on the individual and continue with the intervention on the specialists who work with this category, going up to formulating recommendations on the conditions in which the educational approaches in prison can be optimally carried out. In the light of the new European legislation on the social reintegration of the formerly imprisoned, a new perspective is emerging. Each prisoner is "invited to contribute to their own positive change" (Gheorghe, 2016, p. 210). However, the determined role in the development of effective interventions lies with the penitentiary system, through the social actors involved, especially the specialists who carry out educational activities. The research aims at identifying the training needs of staff working with juvenile delinquents and those at social risk.
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Zagar, Robert John, Kenneth G. Busch, William M. Grove, and John Russell Hughes. "Summary of Studies of Abused Infants and Children Later Homicidal, and Homicidal, Assaulting later Homicidal, and Sexual Homicidal Youth and Adults." Psychological Reports 104, no. 1 (February 2009): 17–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.1.17-45.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To study the risks of abuse, violence, and homicide, 5 studies of groups at risk for violence are summarized. 192 Abused Infants, 181 Abused Children, 127 Homicidal Youth, 425 Assaulters, 223 Rapists, and 223 Molesters were randomly selected and tracked in court, probation, medical, and school records, then compared with carefully matched groups of Controls and (in older groups) Nonviolent Delinquents. In adolescence or adulthood, these groups were classified into Later Homicidal ( N = 234), Later Violent or Nonviolent Delinquent, and Later Nondelinquent subgroups for more detailed comparisons. Shao's bootstrapped logistic regressions were applied to identify risks for commission of homicide. Significant predictors for all homicidal cases in these samples were number of court contacts, poorer executive function, lower social maturity, alcohol abuse, and weapon possession. Predictors for the 373 Abused cases (Infants and Children) were court contacts, injury, burn, poisoning, fetal substance exposure, and parental alcohol abuse. Predictors for the 871 Violent Delinquent cases (Assaulters, Rapists, Molesters) were court contacts, poorer executive function, and lower social maturity. Accuracies of prediction from the regressions ranged from 81% for homicidal sex offenders to 87 to 99% for other homicidal groups.
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Smith, Danielle M., Jamilia J. Blake, Wen Luo, Verna M. Keith, and Tameka Gilreath. "Subtypes of Girls Who Engage in Serious Delinquency and Their Young Adult Outcomes." Psychology of Women Quarterly 44, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684320918243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Girls are increasingly becoming involved with the juvenile justice system; however, what brings girls to engage in delinquency or what obstacles these girls face later in life resulting from adolescent criminal behavior is understudied. In the present study, we used latent class analysis to identify subtypes of risks among adolescent girls ( N = 1,174) who have engaged in delinquent behaviors and mixture modeling to determine what distal psychological, social, educational, and economic outcomes in young adulthood are associated with each subtype. Four adolescent subtypes were identified, which were distinguished primarily based on the severity of their self-reported victimization experiences and mental health concerns. Classes with higher levels of victimization experiences tended to report more engagement with delinquent behavior in adolescence and had a larger proportion of Black and Hispanic girls than lower-victimization classes. Identified classes differed from each other on distal (i.e., young adulthood) measures of economic instability, educational attainment, drug use, depression, and adult arrests. Generally, latent classes which were characterized by higher rates of victimization and mental health concerns and lower educational performance in adolescence fared worse in young adulthood. Implications for those who care for girls who engage in delinquency, including suggestions for using trauma and culture informed screening, prevention, and intervention services, and directions for future research are discussed. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/0361684320918243 .
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Dåderman, Anna Maria, Ann Wirsén Meurling, and Jarmila Hallman. "Different personality patterns in non‐socialized (juvenile delinquents) and socialized (air force pilot recruits) sensation seekers." European Journal of Personality 15, no. 3 (May 2001): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Young delinquents are known to be sensation seekers. Not all sensation seekers become delinquents: many engage in socially accepted activities, such as mountaineering or parachute jumping. The present study compares 47 juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) with 18 Swedish air force pilot recruits (mean age 23 years) and 19 conscripts (mean age 18 years) as a control group. Sensation‐seeking behaviour, impulsiveness, and psychiatric/psychological vulnerability were measured by the Zuckerman Sensation‐Seeking Scales (SSS), the Karolinska Scales of Personality, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Two separate multivariate analyses of variance were performed, followed up by stepdown analyses to identify those personality scale scores that contributed uniquely. In order to clarify the relationships, the pooled within‐group correlations among scales were computed. Juvenile delinquents and pilot recruits were both high in sensation seeking, but on different subscales. Delinquents were high in impulsiveness, somatic anxiety, and extraversion–sociability, and low in socialization, suggesting psychiatric/psychological vulnerability. The findings may have implications for the treatment of juvenile delinquents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Odeh, Salim, and Iyad Abu Bakr. "The Self Concept and its Relation with Psychological Adaptaion in the Delinquent Juvenile who are Registered in the Ministry of Social Development." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/pturj.v8i3.115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is aimed to identify the self-concept and its relation with psychological adaption in the delinquent juvenile, who are registered in the ministry of social development, and the impact of some demographical variants (age, and monthly income), on the self-conception and psychological adaption on them, from the delinquent juvenile who are registered in the ministry of social development point of view، in Ramallah and Tubas governorates. The study sample consists of all juvenile who are registered in the ministry of social development in 2016, whose number is 2460 delinquent juvenile, among them a clustered and Random sample which has been chosen from Ramallah and Tubas and consist of 334 delinquent juvenile. The researchers has used the descriptive method, due to its suitable way to the study using the tools which has been developed by the researcher, they are; The self-concept and the psychological self-adaption, and after the collection of data it was analysed, and the result is as follow: The self-conception of the delinquent juvenile who are registered in the ministry of social development was moderate on the total level of self-concept. The study indicates that the level of psychological adaption of the delinquent juvenile who are registered in the ministry of social development was moderate. The results show a positive conected relation with statistical indication between the self-concept and the psychological adaption, which means the increase in self-concept results an increase in the psychological adaption in the delinquent juvenile, although relation level between self-conception and psychological adaption equal 53.3%. The study results show statistical differences between the delinquent juvenile sample members who are registered in the ministry of social development, in relation to self-concept by age, the differences average were tended to favour age group between 15-18 years old. The study results show that there is a statistical differences among the study members who are registered in the ministry of social development in the fields of ( self-concept and psychological adaption) in relation to the family income, the study results show that the differences in relation to family income were in favour of the family with high income, which means that as much the income increases the self-concept increases in the delinquent juvenile, in addition to that the increase of income will increase the psychological adaption in the delinquent juvenile in both fields (self-conception and the self-adaption) were in favour of the family with high income more than that of law income .
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Odeh, Salim, and Iyad Abu Bakr. "The Self Concept and its Relation with Psychological Adaptaion in the Delinquent Juvenile who are Registered in the Ministry of Social Development." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري للأبحاث 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/ptukrj.v8i3.115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is aimed to identify the self-concept and its relation with psychological adaption in the delinquent juvenile, who are registered in the ministry of social development, and the impact of some demographical variants (age, and monthly income), on the self-conception and psychological adaption on them, from the delinquent juvenile who are registered in the ministry of social development point of view، in Ramallah and Tubas governorates. The study sample consists of all juvenile who are registered in the ministry of social development in 2016, whose number is 2460 delinquent juvenile, among them a clustered and Random sample which has been chosen from Ramallah and Tubas and consist of 334 delinquent juvenile. The researchers has used the descriptive method, due to its suitable way to the study using the tools which has been developed by the researcher, they are; The self-concept and the psychological self-adaption, and after the collection of data it was analysed, and the result is as follow: The self-conception of the delinquent juvenile who are registered in the ministry of social development was moderate on the total level of self-concept. The study indicates that the level of psychological adaption of the delinquent juvenile who are registered in the ministry of social development was moderate. The results show a positive conected relation with statistical indication between the self-concept and the psychological adaption, which means the increase in self-concept results an increase in the psychological adaption in the delinquent juvenile, although relation level between self-conception and psychological adaption equal 53.3%. The study results show statistical differences between the delinquent juvenile sample members who are registered in the ministry of social development, in relation to self-concept by age, the differences average were tended to favour age group between 15-18 years old. The study results show that there is a statistical differences among the study members who are registered in the ministry of social development in the fields of ( self-concept and psychological adaption) in relation to the family income, the study results show that the differences in relation to family income were in favour of the family with high income, which means that as much the income increases the self-concept increases in the delinquent juvenile, in addition to that the increase of income will increase the psychological adaption in the delinquent juvenile in both fields (self-conception and the self-adaption) were in favour of the family with high income more than that of law income .
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Mahdavi Zargar, Sahand, Shahla Moazami, and Shadi Azimzadeh. "Prioritizing Factors Affecting Sexual Victimization of Children and Identifying Personality Characteristics of Sex Delinquents in Iran." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 74 (October 25, 2022): 936–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increased commission of sex crimes in Iran highlights the need for more efforts to design strategies towards prevention and reduction of such crimes. Accordingly, the present research aimed to identify the factors affecting the sexual victimization of children and adolescents as well as to identify the personality characteristics of sex delinquents in the criminal justice system of Iran. The research method is mixed design in terms of data nature (qualitative and quantitative) and practical in terms of purpose. The qualitative section has reviewed the previous literature and the quantitative section has benefited from the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This research has used the opinions of 13 experts in the field of crimes against children and adolescents, and 43 sex offenders. The research findings led to the identification of six factors (social, economic, psychological, legal, executive, media) that are effective on the prevention and postvention of sexually abused children and adolescents in Iran. The highest rank is related to the economic and social factors, and the lowest rank is related to the media factors. The results of this study showed that the identified parameters are approved by experts and have theoretical support that can be effective in reducing sexual delinquency.
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McLean, Kyle. "Ethnic Identity, Procedural Justice, and Offending: Does Procedural Justice Work the Same for Everyone?" Crime & Delinquency 63, no. 10 (December 16, 2015): 1314–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128715620429.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Identity judgments are central to the theoretical arguments of procedural justice theory. Perceptions of procedural injustice have been argued to compromise an individual’s social identity and contribute to disengagement from group values and norms. Thus, it is important to clarify the relationship between perceptions of procedural justice and specific facets of social identities, such as ethnic identity. This study attempts to evaluate the relationship between these concepts by examining the potential interaction effect between procedural justice and ethnic identity on two measures of offending, self-report and number of arrests, in a longitudinal study of serious juvenile delinquents.
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Bruce, Elizabeth, and Lynn C. Waelde. "Relationships of Ethnicity, Ethnic Identity, and Trauma Symptoms to Delinquency." Journal of Loss and Trauma 13, no. 5 (September 3, 2008): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325020802171326.
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Zagar, Robert John, Kenneth G. Busch, Stephanie A. Isbell, and John R. Hughes. "An Empirical Theory of the Development of Homicide within Individuals." Psychological Reports 104, no. 1 (February 2009): 199–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.1.199-245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There have been many attempts to explain violent behavior, identify its causes, and predict its occurrence among youth and adults. Research and theoretical constructions have dealt with such far-ranging aspects as childhood health, peer and parental interactions, neuropsychological function, school and community support, and substance use and dependency. Theories have tended to focus on one or a few of these aspects, but there is an effort by many researchers to converge on an integrated approach. By demonstrating unique risk patterns in random samples of later-homicidal abused infants, children, and youth, violent and homicidal delinquents, and homicidal adults, five studies by Zagar and colleagues provide the best current empirical evidence for a view of the development of delinquency as a process of accumulating risks. These risks begin with prenatal substance exposure and continue with abusive or neglectful parenting, academic failure, court contacts, compromised executive function and resultant poor social functioning. Analysis by sex shows that males' and females' risks are virtually identical. Various theories are evaluated with respect to these empirical risk patterns for development of violence and homicide. A proposal for the necessary elements of a successful, overarching explanatory theory is offered.
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Godinet, Meripa T. "Testing a model of delinquency with Samoan adolescents." Journal of Social Work 13, no. 1 (July 29, 2011): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017311409790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
• Summary: This study uses an integrative framework that includes various theories on delinquency to explain the relative contribution of factors on delinquency among Samoan adolescents and their overrepresentation in the Juvenile Justice System. Some 275 Samoan adolescents were recruited for the study from the states of Hawaii and Washington. Structural equation modeling was employed for the analysis. • Findings: Two models were analyzed. One model tested all the factors regardless of economic status. The full model fits the data well. The other model utilized economic conditions as a moderating factor (multigroup model). The multigroup invariance shows that the measurement model appears to fit better with the higher income group rather than the lower income group. The results suggest that while acculturative stress has a direct impact on delinquency, family cohesion can be a deterrent to high acculturative stress on delinquency particularly for the higher income group. The major hypothesis was confirmed by the data to show that there was a predictive relationship between involvement with antisocial peers and delinquency, and prosocial peers and no delinquency. However, it varied by income group. The higher income group showed a stronger predictive relationship of the involvement with prosocial peers and low delinquency. • Applications: Given the results, it is imperative for social workers to understand the impact of acculturation on family members and their family functioning. A better understanding of culture and how it operates within a family as well as an understanding of cultural identity is an important part of service to Samoan families.
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L.I., Olefir. "Correction and resocialization of juvenile delinquents: current trends." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 1, no. 12 (July 2, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2021.01.069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current trends in crime increasing indicate its prevalence among all categories of criminals. Particular attention needs to be paid to the issue of correction and re-socialization of persons serving sentences, especially for juvenile delinquents. This aspect determines the leading goal of the penal system of Ukraine. The attention of the state and its structures today is focused on correcting the juvenile delinquents’ behavior, their resocialization and crime prevention. After all, the working process with juvenile delinquents during this period determines their future life in society and the chances of returning to prison in the future. Therefore, it is important to unite the efforts of all professionals involved in the complex process of re-education of a juvenile offender, and to direct all methods, forms and tools based on individual programs of social and educational work. The issue of correction and re-socialization of convicted juveniles is currently of concern to both domestic and foreign scholars, whose position is determined by the offender’s age. We believe that current research on aspects of the re-education of juveniles who have committed crimes and are in prisons is an important and necessary task to identify new methods and ways to achieve the common goal pursued by the state for its future. The article describes the process of correction and resocialization of convicted juveniles. The components of the working process with juveniles serving sentences in correctional institutions of the penal system in Ukraine are analyzed. The content of the process stages of resocialization of juvenile convicts is revealed. The means of social and educational work used by specialists with juvenile delinquents during each of the periods of resocialization have been clarified. The article considers the purpose of probation programs for juveniles, which is the educational impact on the offender’s identity. Key words: crime, juveniles, correction process, resocialization, educational influence, social and pedagogical work, means of influence, individual approach, probation programs.
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Ashadi, Ali, and Amin Purnawan. "Handling The Juvenile Delinquency Caused by Consuming Alcohol." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i4.3932.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem in this research are: 1) The factors that affect juvenile delinquency caused by consuming alcohol 2) The handling of juvenile delinquency caused by consuming alcohol. The purpose of this study were 1) To identify and explainfactors that affect juvenile delinquency caused by consuming alcohol. 2) To identify and explain the handling of juvenile delinquency caused by consuming alcohol.Based on the results of the study concluded that: 1) The factors that influence the habit of drinking in teenagers is a curiosity, social environment, family environment, the influence of alcohol sales freely, and as a result of the rule of law (sanctions and fines lightweight). 2) Disaster of drinking habits in teenagers by the police is divided into two stages: a preventive and repressive. Namely preventive measures, early efforts made by the police to prevent all crimes include socialization, raid the alcohol, and Binamitra (one of strategy in police), while the repressive efforts, action to suppress and restrain delinquency or impede the onset of delinquency greater events include foreclosure, arrest, legal action.Keywords : Handling; Delinquency; Alcohol.
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Wainwright, Lucy, Claire Nee, and Aldert Vrij. "“I Don’t Know How, But I’ll Figure It Out Somehow”: Future Possible Selves and Aspirations in “At-Risk” Early Adolescents." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 2 (August 26, 2016): 504–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16665182.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fostering positive future selves in mid-adolescence has shown promising results in reducing problematic behaviour, though little work has been done outside the United States or with younger children. We explored the link between future selves and delinquency in a younger sample of boys ( Mage = 12, SD = 0.73, N = 126) in the United Kingdom, at the nascent stage of self-identity and anti-social behaviour. Participants, who varied in degree of self-reported delinquency and risk, described their short- and long-term possible selves and strategies to achieve them. Unlike findings for older samples (14+), we found no association between delinquency and future selves. Exposure to criminogenic risk revealed some differences regarding the nature of future selves. Those with delinquency and higher risk had fewer strategies for reaching goals. Findings are discussed in relation to self-identity theory and the timing and nature of interventions for children of this age.
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Du, Yu. "Developing an integrated biosocial theory to understand juvenile delinquency: from the social, cognitive, affective, and moral (SCAM) perspectives." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biosocial theory has made considerable progress in explaining juvenile delinquency and making explicit references for juvenile justice policy during the past decades. However, because biosocial theory aims to identify multiple risk factors, it makes juvenile justice practice and develop delinquency prevention programs difficult. This paper proposes an integrated biosocial theory from the social, cognitive, affective, and moral (SCAM) perspectives to understand juvenile delinquency and facilitate the development and improvement of prevention and intervention programs. The article briefly summarizes the background and the key concepts of the chosen criminological theories and the logic of theoretical integration. Then it articulates the four aspects of the integrated biosocial theory and how it can contribute to criminology in details. Lastly, the paper identifies its potential limitations and provides practical implications.
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Rindra Risdiantoro. "REVIEW LITERATUR: STRATEGI GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM MENGATASI KENAKALAN SISWA DI SEKOLAH." Al-Isyrof: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam 2, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51339/isyrof.v2i2.221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Student delinquency occurs as an actualization of mental states and needs but has a negative impact. The teacher is responsible for dealing with student delinquency problems. Guidance and counseling services are very important to be implemented in order to help students overcome various problems faced. This review aims to: identify forms of student delinquency in schools, explain the factors that influence student delinquency, explain teacher strategies in overcoming student delinquency. The results of the review were 1) the forms of student delinquency consisted of mild delinquency such as truancy, being busy during lessons, not doing assignments, incomplete uniforms, going to the canteen during lessons, playing handphone during lessons, arguing against teachers and parents, while naughtiness heavy categories such as: stealing, fighting, drugs, immorality, 2) the factors that influence student delinquency are the family environment and social environment in the community, 3) the teacher's strategy in overcoming student delinquency in schools, namely strategies in learning in the form of habituation and modeling, action strategies in the form of preventive, preservative and curative.
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Adekeye, Deborah Shade, and Paul Emmanuel. "The nexus between early release of inmates and juvenile recidivism." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 9/10 (September 10, 2018): 837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-11-2017-0145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Delinquency as well as juvenile recidivism cuts across all nations in the world with its negative consequences on individuals, social and economic phases of life. Despite various interventions, strategies, the rate of recidivism has been on the increase. This calls for concern and a need to find a solution to the menace. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nexus between early release of inmates and juvenile recidivism using Barnawa Borstal Training Institute, Kaduna, as case study and to identify other pre-disposing factors that contribute to juvenile recidivism in the society. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a survey research design and used the questionnaire as the main instrument of data collection. The sample for the study consisted of 210 juvenile inmates from the Institute. Simple percentile and frequency distribution were used to analyze the data collected from the juvenile, while χ2 was used to test the only hypothesis formulated for the study. The χ2 result ( χ c 2 =1.409; df=3; α level=0.05; χ t 2 =7.815) showed that there is no significant relationship between early release and juvenile recidivism, and rather lack of proper reformation, stigmatization and lack of parental care are some of the important factors causing juvenile recidivism in Nigeria. Findings Based on the findings, it was recommended that government should, through the Borstal homes all over the country, ensure proper and adequate rehabilitation of inmates and provide adequate public enlightment for the safe and total re-absorption of inmates without stigmatization. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of the work is the fact that the Borstal Institute in Kaduna has only male inmates, so there is no opportunity to consider the effect of gender on juvenile recidivism. Practical implications The practical implications is that the result of this study can be added to the field of criminal justice in Nigeria. The result also bring to the fore the fact that rehabilitation and success rate of re-integration of juvenile delinquents back into the society is everybody’s business. Social implications The social implication of the study is that the study will go a long way in assisting policy makers in government and the prison authority to design and implement policies that will bring about proper reformation and rehabilitation of inmates. Originality/value The research was carried out among juvenile delinquents, some of who have been in and out of the Borstal home many times. So the researchers were able to collect first-hand information from the delinquents that serve as the respondents for this research. Moreover, the research setting was located in the northern part of Nigeria, whereas some of the earlier studies were carried out in the southern part of the country.
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Demidova-Petrova, Elizaveta V. "Research on juvenile delinquency in modern Russia." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 12, no. 1 (2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2021.101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, the developed matrix of criminologically significant information is proposed. This matrix reflects the content, structure, and methodology of the study of juvenile delinquency. The described criminological heptagonal matrix is a fairly complete structure of in formation significant for criminological science, which is implemented for the purpose of gaining the most in-depth knowledge of the modern features of juvenile delinquency. The interrelated elements of this matrix are also proposed in this work. Special attention is paid to the area of conducting, on a planned basis, criminological monitoring of juvenile delinquency. It is noted that criminological monitoring has previously been the subject of research by other authors. It is emphasized that conducting criminological monitoring of juvenile delinquency will allow for a “cross-cutting” study of this type of crime, and develop adequate, modern approaches to its prevention. The author provides the results of research on the attitude of citizens to the Internet space. A separate role is assigned to the theory of intersectionality (the theory of intersections of social spheres). The conclusion is substantiated that, based on the fact that the world of modern juveniles is structured, the application of this theory becomes an important element of cognition, study, and identification of the mutual influence of such social spheres as the real (offline) social sphere, virtual (online) social sphere with the identity of a juvenile.
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Shagufta, Sonia, Katie Dhingra, Agata Debowska, and Derrol Kola-Palmer. "Validation of the Urdu version of the Measure of Criminal Social Identity within a sample of Pakistani incarcerated delinquents." Journal of Criminal Psychology 6, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-03-2016-0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the dimensionality, composite reliability, and incremental validity of the Measure of Criminal Social Identity (MCSI) in a sample of Pakistani incarcerated delinquents (n=315) following translation of the measure into Urdu. Design/methodology/approach – Four alternative factor models, with uncorrelated measurement error terms, were specified and tested using confirmatory factor analysis and bifactor modelling techniques. Findings – Results indicated that a three-factor model provided a better fit to the data than the alternative models tested. The reliability of the scale was established using composite reliability. Furthermore, structural equation modelling revealed that the three MCSI factors were differentially related with external variables, indicating that the MCSI measures substantially different domains. Research limitations/implications – Implications for theory and future research are discussed. Originality/value – The results add valuable evidence as to the cross-cultural applicability of the MCSI.
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Brown, Ryan A., Daniel L. Dickerson, David J. Klein, Denis Agniel, Carrie L. Johnson, and Elizabeth J. D’Amico. "Identifying as American Indian/Alaska Native in Urban Areas: Implications for Adolescent Behavioral Health and Well-Being." Youth & Society 53, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x19840048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth exhibit multiple health disparities, including high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, violence and delinquency, and mental health problems. Approximately 70% of AI/AN youth reside in urban areas, where negative outcomes on behavioral health and well-being are often high. Identity development may be particularly complex in urban settings, where youth may face more fragmented and lower density AI/AN communities, as well as mixed racial-ethnic ancestry and decreased familiarity with AI/AN lifeways. This study examines racial-ethnic and cultural identity among AI/AN adolescents and associations with behavioral health and well-being by analyzing quantitative data collected from a baseline assessment of 185 AI/AN urban adolescents from California who were part of a substance use intervention study. Adolescents who identified as AI/AN on their survey reported better mental health, less alcohol and marijuana use, lower rates of delinquency, and increased happiness and spiritual health.
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Wongin, Wasinee, and Suchada Paileeklee. "Factors influencing the decision to commit violence in Thai male juvenile offenders: A phenomenological study." F1000Research 7 (April 4, 2018): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14025.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Violence is a social problem that affects the physical and mental health of adolescents. For a long time, Thailand has adopted strategies formulated by the World Health Organization to reduce violence but has been unsuccessful. The aim of the current qualitative study was to understand the decision of adolescents to commit violence and to identify factors contributing to violence among male juvenile delinquents. Methods: Data were collected from 50 male juvenile offenders at the Department of Juvenile Observation and Protection detention facilities located in 5 regions of Thailand through in-depth interviews focusing on delinquent violence committed in the past year. Results: Adolescents who decide to use violence have been associated with and live in environments where they face conflicts in their neighborhood and violence in their community. Mostly, juveniles were found to drop out of school, engage in abuse and supply of drugs, consume alcohol, and experienced domestic violence problems and family divorce. Juvenile offenders typically experience and learn about violence from family and peers, which creates a positive attitude toward violent behavior in them. These offenses can be categorized into intentional violence, which involves seeking revenge or resolving prior conflicts and requires premeditation, and unintentional violence, which results from a situation escalating quickly and usually requiring no preplanning, such as insults, conflicts, power struggles, self-defense, or protecting peers. Conclusions: A violence prevention model and guidelines need to be introduced into Thailand’s youth health care system. This study identified a lack of both decision-making skills and socially adequate adjustment to difficult situations among adolescent perpetrators as precursors to violent behavior.
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Walters, Glenn D. "Unraveling the Bidirectional Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Perpetration: A Test of Mechanisms From Opportunity and General Strain Theories." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 18, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204020922874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study tested two theories designed to explain the bullying perpetration–victimization relationship. Peer delinquency was hypothesized to mediate the pathway from bullying perpetration to victimization, in line with opportunity, lifestyle, and routine activities theories, and anger was held to mediate the pathway from bullying victimization to perpetration as set forth in general strain theory. These pathways were tested in a sample of 3,411 youth (1,728 boys, 1,683 girls) from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. A causal mediation analysis performed on three nonoverlapping waves of data, in which prior levels of each predicted variable were controlled, uncovered support for peer delinquency as a mediator of the perpetration–victimization pathway but failed to identify anger as a mediator of the victimization–perpetration pathway. Additional research is required to identify a mediator for the victimization–perpetration pathway and determine whether variables other than peer delinquency mediate the perpetration–victimization pathway.
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Kostyuk, Mikhail Fedorovich, and Elena Vladimirovna Kunts. "The Impact of Deviant Behavior on Juvenile Delinquency: Current State of the Problem." Ius Humani. Law Journal 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31207/ih.v11i1.293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The relevance of this research stems from the fact that in the modern world, the problem of juvenile delinquency is especially acute. Economic inequality, mass globalization, free access to the means of communication, the development of democracy, as well as various social phenomena often cause negative reactions among adolescents. The research goal was to give a comprehensive scientific substantiation of the problem of juvenile delinquency, to consider the impact of deviant behavior on its emergence, to identify its causes and preventive measures, and to develop proposals for their improvement. The methodological basis of the research included a set of techniques and methods for studying this phenomenon of social life. The study revealed that juvenile delinquency remains a serious problem. The negative trend related to the worsening economic situation and lowering living standard in Russia, including minors, results in the higher psychological and emotional overload and the deepening crisis in family relations, which leads to the reemergence of such social phenomenon as child neglect. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that this paper assesses the criminological features of the current state of juvenile delinquency. The theoretical significance of the research includes the deeper scientific analysis of the problem, which provides a scientific basis for its further development. The practical significance implies that the theoretical conclusions obtained in this study can be used for further study of juvenile delinquency and developing measures for its prevention.
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Tianingrum, Niken Agus, and Sri Sunarti. "EXTERNAL FACTORS OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AMONG STUDENTS IN THE AREA OF TRADITIONAL NIGHT CLUB." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 8, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/jik.v8i1.1298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, world is challenged a condition in which case the number of adolescent are bigger than before, but, this group of age are also facing the health and social problem such juvenile delinquency. External factors became the trigger factor of them, such as peer’s influence and environment. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of juvenile delinquency and clearly identify external factors toward juvenile delinquency among students who live in the area of traditional night club. A cross sectional study was conducted among 369 students aged 11 to 16 years old. A total sampling was drawn from 2 Junior High Schools near Traditional Night Club in Samarinda. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia. Variables measured include socio-demographic criteria, peers’ and environmental influence and juvenile delinquency. Data was analyzed trough descriptive statistic and multiple linier regression.Results indicated that the prevalence of juvenile delinquency among student ages 11-16 years was high (69.7%). This study showed that peers influence and environment contribute to juvenile delinquency. Simultaneously, peers and environment also influence juvenile delinquency (p-value<0.0001). The result suggested the existence of school-based program for healthy adolescent as a ways to provide a better information and health community in school.
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Monica, Natasha, and J. M. Joko Priyono Santoso. "SARANA OLAHRAGA INTERAKTIF DI JATINEGARA." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v2i2.8551.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fighting becomes a problem in social life, which can be categorized as juvenile delinquency. The issue of juvenile delinquency in society is currently increasing, this causes unrest in the community. The environment, place of residence, and friends in relationships have a big influence on the formation of identity and self-development. Juvenile delinquency needs to be addressed and prevention efforts need to be done, this is necessary to avoid wider impacts that can threaten the security of the community. By using juvenile delinquency theory according to Dr. Kartini Kartono in examining the forms of juvenile delinquency and the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Researchers used the Dis-programming design method for combining several programs according to community needs. Keywords: juvenile deliquency; third placeAbstrak Tawuran menjadi sebuah permasalahan yang ada di kehidupan sosial, yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai kenakalan remaja. Isu kenakalan remaja pada masyarakat saat ini semakin bertambah, hal ini menyebabkan keresahan pada masyarakat. Lingkungan, tempat tinggal, dan teman dalam pergaulan berpengaruh besar dalam pembentukkan jati diri serta perkembangan diri. Kenakalan remaja perlu ditangani serta perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan, hal ini diperlukan untuk menghindari dampak yang lebih luas yang dapat mengancam keamanan masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan teori kenakalan remaja menurut Dr. Kartini Kartono dalam meneliti bentuk kenakalan remaja dan penanggulangan kenakalan remaja. Peneliti menggunakan metode perancangan Dis-programming untuk penggabungan beberapa program sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat.