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1
Gibbs, Raymond W. "Are ‘deliberate’ metaphors really deliberate?" Metaphor and the Social World 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2011): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.1.1.03gib.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some metaphor scholars have proposed that certain notable metaphorical expressions in speech and writing may have been deliberately composed, and quite consciously employed for their special rhetorical purposes. Deliberate metaphors are different from conventional ones, which are typically produced automatically and thoughtlessly, something that speakers and listeners, authors and readers, tacitly recognize when they engage in metaphoric discourse. This article explores some of these common assumptions about deliberate metaphor in light of contemporary research in cognitive science on meaning, consciousness and human action. My claim is that deliberate metaphors, contrary to the popular view, may not be as ‘deliberate’ in their creation and use as is traditionally believed, and therefore are not essentially different from other forms of metaphoric language. Moreover, engaging in deliberative thought processes is often exactly the wrong way to create novel, apt verbal metaphors.
2
DeCotis, Paul A. "Leadership and Deliberate Action." Climate and Energy 38, no. 9 (March 11, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.22283.
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3
Chellas, Brian F., and Krister Segerberg. "The Logic of Deliberate Action." Journal of Symbolic Logic 51, no. 2 (June 1986): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274077.
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4
Stoecker, Ralf. "Agents in Action." Grazer Philosophische Studien 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2001): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-061001004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I offer a justification for the received view that the characteristic feature of agents is to be found in the particular way their behaviour is explainable. Agents are people who have acquired three skills: (i) to act in accordance with inner or public deliberation; (ii) to do many things almost as if they had deliberated; and (iii) to recognize situations where it is worthwhile to switch from the second to the first skill. We can therefore assume that agents behave as if they were accompanying their behaviour by constant thinking although they don't actually deliberate all the time. This view allows for some attractive solutions for notorious problems in action theory but has the surprising ontological consequence that, although there are agents in action, there are no actions.
5
McKinney, Earl H., and Kevin J. Davis. "Effects of Deliberate Practice on Crisis Decision Performance." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45, no. 3 (September 2003): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.3.436.27251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the impact of deliberate practice on pilot decision making in once-in-a-career crisis decision scenarios. First we explored the impact of deliberate practice on pilot decision-making performance for crisis flying scenarios that had been practiced in their entirety. Then we looked at the impact of deliberate practice in which one aspect of the crisis scenario - the particular malfunction - was unpracticed. We analyzed pilot decision-making performance in response to 160 airborne mechanical malfunctions. We initially found that deliberate practice significantly improves decision-making performance for wholly practiced crises but does not improve decision-making performance when the specific malfunction has not been practiced. We then split decision making for each crisis into two phases: assessment and action selection. For wholly practiced crisis scenarios, additional deliberate practice positively impacts each decision-making phase. However, for part-practiced scenarios, deliberate practice appears to differentially affect phase of error. Specifically, pilots with more deliberate practice erred in action selection, whereas less-practiced pilots erred in assessment. Actual or potential applications of this research include training proscriptions for crisis decision making.
6
Schwartz, Wynn. "What Is A Person And How Can We Be Sure?" Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v24i3.30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Paradigm Case Formulation (PCF) of Persons is developed that allows competent judges to identify areas of agreement and disagreement regarding where they draw a line on what is to be included as a person. The paradigm case is described as a linguistically competent individual able to engage in Deliberate Action in a Dramaturgical Pattern. Specific attention is given to the ability of paradigm case persons to employ Hedonic, Prudent, Aesthetic and Ethical perspectives in choosing their Deliberate Actions and Social Practices.
7
Khalighinejad, Nima, Elisa Brann, Alexander Dorgham, and Patrick Haggard. "Dissociating Cognitive and Motoric Precursors of Human Self-Initiated Action." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 5 (May 2019): 754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Across-trial variability of EEG decreases more markedly before self-initiated than before externally triggered actions, providing a novel neural precursor for volitional action. However, it remains unclear whether this neural convergence is an early, deliberative stage or a late, execution-related stage in the chain of cognitive processes that transform intentions to actions. We report two experiments addressing these questions. Participants viewed randomly moving dots on a screen. At a random time, all dots started moving coherently to the left or right side of the screen. Participants were rewarded for correctly responding to the direction of coherent dot movement. However, the waiting time before coherent dot motion onset could be extremely long. Participants had the option to skip waiting by pressing a “skip” key. These self-initiated “skips” were compared with blocks where participants were instructed to skip. EEG variability decreased more markedly before self-initiated compared with externally triggered “skip” actions, replicating previous findings. Importantly, this EEG convergence was stronger at frontomidline electrodes than at either the electrode contralateral or ipsilateral to the hand assigned to the “skip” action in each block (Experiment 1). Furthermore, convergence was stronger when availability of skip responses was “rationed,” encouraging deliberate planning before skipping (Experiment 2). This suggests that the initiation of voluntary actions involves a bilaterally distributed, effector-independent process related to deliberation. A consistent process of volition is detectable during early, deliberative planning and not only during late, execution-related time windows.
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Millán, Gustavo Ortiz. "DELIBERATION, ACTION AND NORMATIVITY." Tópicos, Revista de Filosofía 36, no. 1 (November 28, 2013): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21555/top.v36i1.131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En este artículo hago comentarios a varios aspectos del artículo de Martin Seel, “The Ability to Deliberate”, principalmente en sus afirmaciones de que la deliberación es una forma de acción, en su no muy clara distinción entre deliberación y pensamiento, y en la relación entre normatividad y deliberación. Hay también algunos comentarios sobre el razonamiento práctico y el teórico, así como en su caracterización de lo que son las razones.
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Childs, Sophie, Tilak A. Ginige, and Hannah Pateman. "Deliberate concealment." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 32–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-11-2016-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Welwyn Hatfield Council v Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2009] EWHC 966 (Admin), Welwyn Hatfield Council v. Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2010] EWCA Civ 26 and Welwyn Hatfield Council v. Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2011] UKSC 15 (Beesley hereafter) and Fidler v. Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2010] EWHC 143 (Admin), Fidler v. Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2011] EWCA civ 1159 (Fidler hereafter) are two recent cases concerning deliberately concealed breaches of planning control. The defendants engaged in dishonest and misleading conduct, in an attempt to rely on a loophole within Section 171B of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (T&CPA). This study aims to critically analyse two solutions which were created to close the loophole; in addition, this study analyses various alternative remedies that have been suggested, and finally, whether the present law has been sufficient to remedy the situation. Design/methodology/approach The T&CPA is a key piece of legislation regulating planning controls; Section 171A-C provides the time limits for taking enforcement action against a breach of planning control. To achieve the above purpose, an evaluation of those provisions will be undertaken in detail. Subsequently, this study will analyse two solutions which were created to close the loophole; firstly, the Supreme Court (SC) decision (Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council v. Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2011] UKSC 15) and, secondly, the governments’ decision to amend the T&CPA without awaiting the SC’s decision[1]. Findings This research concludes that the government should have awaited the SC’s decision before amending statute to prohibit reliance upon the expiration of time where there is an element of deliberate concealment. Additionally, this study suggests that the statutory amendments were not required in light of the SC’s solution in Beesley. As a result of the governments’ ill-considered decision, uncertainty has permeated through the conveyancing process, causing ambiguity, delays and additional expense in transactions at a time when a precarious property market needs anything but uncertainty. Research limitations implications The scope of this research is limited to deliberate concealment of breaches of planning control and the four-year enforcement period; whilst considering the consequences of the solutions proposed, this study does not provide a detailed overview of the planning system, but rather assumes prior knowledge. Originality/value This study offers a unique assessment of the law relating to the deliberate concealment of planning breaches and offers a thorough criticism of the law with recommendations for reform. Additionally, a variety of alternative solutions are considered. Both legal academics, planning professionals and those interested in planning law will find the paper a thought-provoking digest.
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Aguilar, Jemel P., and Elisabeth Counselman-Carpenter. "‘The Mirage of Action’." Advances in Social Work 21, no. 2/3 (September 23, 2021): 1020–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This autoethnographic study highlights complex strategies for maintaining white supremacy used by “well-intentioned” heterocentric white female social workers that are enacted under the guise of practicing anti-racism in social work practice settings, classroom environments, policy initiatives, and advocacy work. Using autoethnography was both unplanned and deliberate. Unplanned, we needed a research method that allows us to explore the untouchable subject of heterocentric white female social workers and deliberate in that we could use our experiences to break ground and establish white supremacy among heterocentric white female social workers that espouse anti-racist values as an area of study. We draw on education, anthropology, sociology, and other disciplines to name some of the ongoing challenges to dismantling racism, colonialist, and reformer narratives in social work, and identify strategies used by all white folx, but particularly heterocentric white female social workers to neutralize the suggestion or accusation of their acts as racism. We name three challenges to dismantling racism among heterocentric white female social workers: hiding behind the data, anti-racist book clubs, and crying and comfort. We conclude with further questions for those who hold power in the field and a reflection upon our own continued intersecting struggles with these concepts.
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Reinke, Raphael. "The Power of Banks and Governments." Accounting, Economics and Law - A Convivium 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ael-2016-0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article examines Cornelia Woll’s book on the “power of collective inaction” in which she argues that banks could extract favorable bailouts in the recent global financial crisis by remaining collectively inactive. Collective inaction forces governments to bear the brunt of the crisis resolutions. While this book provides an illuminating account of banking bailouts in several countries, its argument neglects the power of governments and of individual banks. Governments did not have to wait for banks’ (in)action but could impose punitive conditions on banks. And the resistance by banks did not originate from an incapacity to act collectively but from deliberate actions by individual banks to obstruct government intrusion. Rather than inaction on the part of banks, these interactions between governments and banks involved deliberate action and their outcome depended on more conventional notions of state-business power relations.
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Galarowicz, LeaRae. "Answering The Call for Abstracts: Spontaneous Action or Deliberate Choice?" Nurse Educator 26, no. 1 (January 2001): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006223-200101000-00003.
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Chia, Robert, and Robin Holt. "Strategy as Practical Coping: A Heideggerian Perspective." Organization Studies 27, no. 5 (January 9, 2006): 635–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840606064102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What strategic actors actually do in practice has become increasingly the focus of strategy research in recent years. This paper argues that, in furthering such practice-based views of strategy, we need a more adequate re-conceptualization of agency, action and practice and how they interrelate. We draw from the work of the continental philosopher Martin Heidegger to articulate a relational theory of human agency that is better suited to explaining everyday purposive actions and practices. Specifically, we argue that the dominant ‘building’ mode of strategizing that configures actors (whether individual or organizational) as distinct entities deliberately engaging in purposeful strategic activities derives from a more basic ‘dwelling’ mode in which strategy emerges non-deliberately through everyday practical coping. Whereas, from the building perspective, strategy is predicated upon the prior conception of plans that are then orchestrated to realize desired outcome, from a dwelling perspective strategy does not require, nor does it presuppose, intention and purposeful goal-orientation: strategic ‘intent’ is viewed as immanent in every adaptive action. Observed consistencies in actions taken are explained not through deliberate goal-orientation but, instead, via a modus operandi: an internalized disposition to act in a manner congruent with past actions and experiences. Explaining strategy in dwelling terms enables us to understand how it is that actions may be consistent and organizationally effective without (and even in spite of) the existence of purposeful strategic plans.
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Ariyanto, Antonius Agung, and Ira Alia Maerani. "The Element of Deliberate Action in a Series of Actions on PRONA Program's Corruption Crime." Law Development Journal 3, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.3.1.44-51.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this research is to analyze construction law panel of judges in deciding cases of corruption, qualifying extortion in the PRONA program. The research approach method used is a qualitative normative juridical approach. The legal construction built by the Panel of Judges in criminal cases of extortion qualification of corruption fulfills the provisions in Criminal Law, namely the Principles of Legality and culpability. The defendant was proven to have violated the law in the provisions charged by the public prosecutor, namely Act No. 31 of 1999 Jo Act No. 20 of 2001 and Article 55 paragraph (1) to 1 of the Criminal Code. The conclusion of this research is that the defendant was proven intentionally, at least knowing it as an intentional element, designing the Prona committee, determining Prona's fees, and issuing a “threat” letter to the applicant which should be free (with certain conditions). According to the Panel of Judges, such legal facts are sufficient to prove that the defendant was deliberately involved in the criminal act of corruption. It is recommended that in dealing with corruption cases with the same motive, in the future, the public prosecutor is more courageous in giving a single indictment. So that from the start, I was sure of the charges given, especially from the collection of materials and information through a catch operation.
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Daly, Daniel J. "Virtue Ethics and Action Guidance." Theological Studies 82, no. 4 (November 27, 2021): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405639211055177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theological ethicists rarely allow the virtues to perform the heavyweight work of guiding action. This article contests this tradition and argues that, and demonstrates how, virtue ethics provides a practicable method of normative action guidance. The article contends that there are five interrelated but distinct modes of virtue action guidance. The first three modes—dialogue, emulation, and substituted judgment—invite the agent to take counsel with moral exemplars. The interrogative and discovery modes direct agents to morally deliberate using thick accounts of the virtues.
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Kelly, Peter, Ken Gale, Steve Wheeler, and Viv Tucker. "Taking a stance: promoting deliberate action through online postgraduate professional development." Technology, Pedagogy and Education 16, no. 2 (July 2007): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759390701406760.
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Roberts, Sally K., and Carla Tayeh. "Assessing Understanding through Reasoning Books." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 15, no. 7 (March 2010): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.15.7.0406.
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Salomon, Hélène, Colette Vignaud, Sophia Lahlil, and Nicolas Menguy. "Solutrean and Magdalenian ferruginous rocks heat-treatment: accidental and/or deliberate action?" Journal of Archaeological Science 55 (March 2015): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.12.024.
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Namba, Shushi, Koyo Nakamura, and Katsumi Watanabe. "The spatio-temporal features of perceived-as-genuine and deliberate expressions." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): e0271047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reading the genuineness of facial expressions is important for increasing the credibility of information conveyed by faces. However, it remains unclear which spatio-temporal characteristics of facial movements serve as critical cues to the perceived genuineness of facial expressions. This study focused on observable spatio-temporal differences between perceived-as-genuine and deliberate expressions of happiness and anger expressions. In this experiment, 89 Japanese participants were asked to judge the perceived genuineness of faces in videos showing happiness or anger expressions. To identify diagnostic facial cues to the perceived genuineness of the facial expressions, we analyzed a total of 128 face videos using an automated facial action detection system; thereby, moment-to-moment activations in facial action units were annotated, and nonnegative matrix factorization extracted sparse and meaningful components from all action units data. The results showed that genuineness judgments reduced when more spatial patterns were observed in facial expressions. As for the temporal features, the perceived-as-deliberate expressions of happiness generally had faster onsets to the peak than the perceived-as-genuine expressions of happiness. Moreover, opening the mouth negatively contributed to the perceived-as-genuine expressions, irrespective of the type of facial expressions. These findings provide the first evidence for dynamic facial cues to the perceived genuineness of happiness and anger expressions.
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Clarke, Annaley. "Sanctuary in Action." Children Australia 38, no. 3 (August 16, 2013): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2013.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Sanctuary Model (Sanctuary) is a trauma-informed model of care for human services. The model is made up of tools, norms and theoretical underpinnings that form the basis of building safety and promoting recovery from adversity within the context of communities. Sanctuary focuses on healing those who have experienced trauma, by being purposeful and deliberate about the well-being of the system as a whole, including the client, staff, the organisation and more broadly the community. Churches of Christ Care Pathways have been implementing this model within the Australian out-of-home care context including Foster and Kinship Care, Intensive Foster Care, Residential, Supported Independent Living and Intervention Services for the past three years. This article provides a brief description of components of the model, including the SELF model, Community Meetings, Safety Plans, Psycho-Educational Group Work, Self Care Plans, Red Flag Meetings and Team Meetings; detailing practice examples from its use within an Australian context. This article aims to make the link between the model and practice.
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Gao, Lianli, Kaixuan Fan, Jingkuan Song, Xianglong Liu, Xing Xu, and Heng Tao Shen. "Deliberate Attention Networks for Image Captioning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In daily life, deliberation is a common behavior for human to improve or refine their work (e.g., writing, reading and drawing). To date, encoder-decoder framework with attention mechanisms has achieved great progress for image captioning. However, such framework is in essential an one-pass forward process while encoding to hidden states and attending to visual features, but lacks of the deliberation action. The learned hidden states and visual attention are directly used to predict the final captions without further polishing. In this paper, we present a novel Deliberate Residual Attention Network, namely DA, for image captioning. The first-pass residual-based attention layer prepares the hidden states and visual attention for generating a preliminary version of the captions, while the second-pass deliberate residual-based attention layer refines them. Since the second-pass is based on the rough global features captured by the hidden layer and visual attention in the first-pass, our DA has the potential to generate better sentences. We further equip our DA with discriminative loss and reinforcement learning to disambiguate image/caption pairs and reduce exposure bias. Our model improves the state-of-the-arts on the MSCOCO dataset and reaches 37.5% BELU-4, 28.5% METEOR and 125.6% CIDEr. It also outperforms the-state-ofthe-arts from 25.1% BLEU-4, 20.4% METEOR and 53.1% CIDEr to 29.4% BLEU-4, 23.0% METEOR and 66.6% on the Flickr30K dataset.
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Fesl, E. "Language Death and Language Maintenance: Action Needed to Save Aboriginal Languages." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 13, no. 5 (November 1985): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200014061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Language death can occur naturally, and in different ways, or it can be caused by deliberate policy. This is how deliberate practices and policies brought it about in Australia. •Diverse linguistic groups of Aborigines were forced into small missions or reserves to live together; consequently languages that were numerically stronger squeezed the others out of use.•Anxious to ‘Christianise’ the Aborigines, missionaries enforced harsh penalties on users of Aboriginal languages, even to the point of snatching babies from their mothers and institutionalising them, so they would not hear their parental languages.•Aboriginal religious ceremonies were banned; initiations did not take place, and so liturgical, ceremonial and secret languages were unable to be passed on. As old people died, their languages died with them.•Assimilationist/integrationist policies were enforced which required Aborigines to attend schools where English-only was the medium of instruction.•Finally, denigration of the Aboriginal languages set the seal on their fate in Victoria (within forty years of white settlement, all Gippsland languages had become extinct), most of New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland. Labelling the languages “rubbish”, “heathen jargon”, “primitive jibberish”, and so on, made Aboriginal people reluctant to use their normal means of communication.
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Houser, Nathan. "Peirce on Practical Reasoning." American Journal of Semiotics 36, no. 1 (2020): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ajs202082763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is generally agreed that what distinguishes practical reasoning from more thoughtful reasoning is that practical reasoning properly results in action rather than in conceptual conclusions. There is much disagreement, however, about how appropriate actions follow from practical reasoning and it is commonly supposed that the connection between reasoning and action can neither be truly inferential nor strictly causal. Peirce appears to challenge this common assumption. Although he would agree that conscious and deliberate argumentation results in conceptual conclusions (mental states) rather than directly in practical action, his extended semiotic account of mental activity allows for unconscious (instinctive or habitual) cognitive processing which, though inferential, genuinely concludes in action rather than in conceptual states (logical interpretants). Peirce acknowledges that for practical reasoning to properly conclude in action it is necessary for final (semiotic) causation to operate in conjunction with efficient causation, although how this can be explained remains problematic. Still, his account is rich and promising and has much to contribute to contemporary research on practical reasoning.
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Sonu, Ekhlas, Yingke Chen, and Prashant Doshi. "Individual Planning in Agent Populations: Exploiting Anonymity and Frame-Action Hypergraphs." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 25 (April 8, 2015): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v25i1.13712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Interactive partially observable Markov decision processes (I-POMDP) provide a formal framework for planning for a self-interested agent in multiagent settings. An agent operating in a multiagent environment must deliberate about the actions that other agents may take and the effect these actions have on the environment and the rewards it receives. Traditional I-POMDPs model this dependence on the actions of other agents using joint action and model spaces. Therefore, the solution complexity grows exponentially with the number of agents thereby complicating scalability. In this paper, we model and extend anonymity and context-specific independence — problem structures often present in agent populations — for computational gain. We empirically demonstrate the efficiency from exploiting these problem structures by solving a new multiagent problem involving more than 1,000 agents.
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Roundy, Philip T., David A. Harrison, Susanna Khavul, Liliana Pérez-Nordtvedt, and Jeffrey E. McGee. "Entrepreneurial Savants or Purposive Thinkers? Alertness and Deliberate Cognition as Paths to Action." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 11443. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.11443abstract.
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Schmidt, Karen L., Zara Ambadar, Jeffrey F. Cohn, and L. Ian Reed. "Movement Differences between Deliberate and Spontaneous Facial Expressions: Zygomaticus Major Action in Smiling." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 30, no. 1 (February 23, 2006): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-005-0003-x.
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Gosselin, Pierre, Reem Maassarani, Alastair Younger, and Mélanie Perron. "Children’s Deliberate Control of Facial Action Units Involved in Sad and Happy Expressions." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 35, no. 3 (April 12, 2011): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-011-0110-9.
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Solomonian, Leslie. "Eco-reciprocity and the Moral Obligation of Naturopathic Medicine." CAND Journal 26, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54434/candj.36.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human health is inextricably and reciprocally linked to environmental health. We are fundamentally part of nature, and it is impossible to be healthy in an unhealthy environment.1 Environmental toxicity and climate change created by human actions cause catastrophic and potentially irreparable damage to the health of species and ecosystems.2 North American naturopathic doctors promise to “preserve the health of our planet for ourselves and future generations.”3 Deliberate action must be taken by the naturopathic community to increase stewardship of the natural world.
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Sharma, Lok Raj. "Dealing with Crucial Aspects of Action Research." International Research Journal of MMC 3, no. 5 (December 28, 2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irjmmc.v3i5.50739.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Action research, which is a dynamic iterative process, is a deliberate and solution-oriented investigation accomplished collectively or personally in order to solve an existing problem. It entails the participants who scrutinize their own instructive practice systematically and cautiously. It is characterized by spiraling cycles of problem identification, systematic data collection, reflection, analysis, actions taken based on data, and finally problem redefinition. It is an applied form of inquiry useful in divergent situations. It involves such people who keep working to improve their performances, skills, strategies and techniques. The prime objective of this article is to deal with the crucial aspects of action research, such as definitions of action research, field of action research, process, steps, principals, characteristics, benefits and demerits of action research. This article has been prepared on the basis of secondary data gathered from research books and journal articles. It is useful especially to the researchers, because it focuses on the indispensable aspects of action research, and it is undoubtedly necessary for them to have basic ideas about its underlying facets to carry out action researches in their real life situations.
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Tran, D. M. D., J. A. Harris, I. M. Harris, and E. J. Livesey. "Motor Conflict: Revealing Involuntary Conditioned Motor Preparation Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 2478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Preparing actions to achieve goals, overriding habitual responses, and substituting actions that are no longer relevant are aspects of motor control often assumed to be driven by deliberate top-down processes. In the present study, we investigated whether motor control could come under involuntary control of environmental cues that have been associated with specific actions in the past. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe corticospinal excitability as an index of motor preparation, while participants performed a Go/No-Go task (i.e., an action outcome or no action outcome task) and rated what trial was expected to appear next (Go or No-Go). We found that corticospinal excitability during a warning cue for the upcoming trial closely matched recent experience (i.e., cue–outcome pairings), despite conflicting with what participants expected would appear. The results reveal that in an action–outcome task, neurophysiological indices of motor preparation show changes that are consistent with participants learning to associate a preparatory warning cue with a specific action, and are not consistent with the action that participants explicitly anticipate making. This dissociation with conscious expectancy ratings reveals that conditioned responding and motor preparation can operate independently of conscious expectancies about having to act.
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Kern, Florian. "Implementing the Green Economy." Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift 28, no. 3 (September 2, 2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/oew.v28i3.1292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The economic crisis has given new impetus to discussions about green growth and the green economy. But how can the concept of a green economy be translated into concrete action? The field of energy production and consumption provides examples of deliberate transition management.
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Cane, Peter. "MORALITY, LAW AND CONFLICTING REASONS FOR ACTION." Cambridge Law Journal 71, no. 1 (March 2012): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197312000207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn The Concept of Law, H.L.A. Hart suggested that four formal features of morality distinguish it from law: importance, immunity from deliberate change, the nature of moral offences and the form of moral pressure. On closer examination, none of these supposed features clearly distinguishes morality from law, at least in the broad sense of ‘morality’ that Hart adopted. However, a fifth feature of morality mentioned by Hart – namely the role that morality plays in practical reasoning as a source of ultimate standards for assessing human conduct – does illuminate the relationship between law as conceptualised by Hart and morality variously understood. Because morality has this feature, law is always subject to moral assessment, and moral reasons trump legal reasons. It does not follow, however, that law is irrelevant to moral reasoning.
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Powell, Jason L. "Modernity, Communicative Action and Reconstruction of Rationality." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 27 (May 2014): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.27.177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Associated with the Frankfurt School, Jurgen Habermas's work focuses on the modern foundations of social theory and epistemology, the analysis of advanced capitalistic societies and democracy, the rule of law in a critical social-evolutionary context, and contemporary politics, particularly German politics. Habermas's theoretical system is devoted to revealing the possibility of reason, emancipation, and rational-critical communication latent in modern institutions and in the human capacity to deliberate and pursue rational interests. Habermas is known for his work on the concept of modernity, particularly with respect to the discussions of rationalization originally set forth by Max Weber. He has been influenced by American pragmatism and action theory. This paper sets out to explore the problems and possibilities of communicative action and the reconstruction of rationality which Habermas claims was lost in postmodern genre.
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O'Ceallaigh, Dylan, and Wheeler Ruml. "Metareasoning in Real-Time Heuristic Search." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Combinatorial Search 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/socs.v6i1.18362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Real-time heuristic search addresses the setting in which planning andacting can proceed concurrently. We explore the use of metareasoning at two decision points within a real-time heuristic search. First, if the domain has an `identity action' that allows the agent to remain in the same state and deliberate further, when should this action be taken? Second, given a partial plan that extends to the lookahead frontier, to how many actions should the agent commit? We show that considering these decisions carefully can reduce the agent's total time taken to arrive at a goal in several benchmark domains, relative to the current state-of-the-art. The resulting algorithm can dynamically adjust the way it interleaves planning and acting, between greedy hill-climbing and A*, depending on the problem instance.
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Komnatny, D. V. "COMPREHENSIVE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS TO ULTRA-WIDEBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES OF INTENTIONAL IMPACT." Automation on Transport 7, no. 3 (September 2021): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2021-7-3-379-394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of ensuring the stability of microprocessor systems of railway automatics to ultra- wideband pulses of an electromagnetic field is considered. The vulnerability of modern microproces- sor control systems and ensuring the safety of train traffic to electromagnetic impulses of deliberate influence is shown. The features of safety-critical microprocessor systems of railway automatics are highlighted, which determine the difference between the problem of ensuring the stability of these systems from the same problem with respect to information systems. Electrostatic discharge has the widest frequency spectrum. They act on the same apertures in the housings of technical means of microprocessor systems of railway automation, as the impulses of delib- erate action. When an electromagnetic wave of an intentional impulse is incident, the aperture releases this impulse and transmits it to the inside of the case. Therefore, an intentional impulse emitted into the housing and an electrostatic discharge impulse can be compared in shape and amplitude using the spectral-energy equivalence condition. The calculation of the energy and the active frequency band of the pulses most often used as deliberate pulses is considered. It is demonstrated that the calculation of the active frequency band in engineering practice is carried out by constructing an integral curve of the energy distribution in the spectrum. A technique has been developed for the indirect assessment of the impact of an electromagnetic pulse of deliberate action according to the calculated prediction of resistance to electrostatic discharges. An analogue of the equation of power suppression of radio-electronic means is demonstrated in the article allowing finding the parameters of an electromagnetic pulses generator which creates pulses dangerous for microprocessor systems of railway automation. An expression is also given for the intensity of interference, which characterizes the contribution of deliberate electromagnetic pulses to the electromagnetic environment at the location of the microprocessor equipment of railway au- tomation.
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Wiesner, Retha, and Bruce Millett. "Strategic approaches in Australian SMEs: Deliberate or emergent?" Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 1 (January 2012): 98–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200001097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine whether Australian SMEs could be characterised as ‘deliberate’ or ‘emergent’ in their strategic approaches. More specifically, surveying 1230 Australian SMEs, this paper focuses on answers to the following questions: What is the nature and prevalence of strategic practices in Australian SMEs? and to what extent does firm size differentiate the patterning and prevalence of strategic practices? The findings add to the little empirical research showing the principal activities and tools that comprise the strategic practices undertaken in Australian SMEs. Overall, and in both small and medium enterprises respectively, strategic thinking and action seem to be undertaken with the use of a framework of a written business plan which is in line with the ‘deliberate’ approach; however few sophisticated strategy making techniques were employed. Researchers and practitioners may find it valuable to develop tools that will naturally suit SME firms so that these tools can be of more value. Academics and tertiary institutions will be well advised to develop strategic management courses which also specifically focus on more emergent approaches designed for smaller firms including specially developed techniques and tools that are less time-consuming and expensive to use and more suited to smaller firms. This would enable SMEs to expand the range of strategy making tools they employ.
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Wiesner, Retha, and Bruce Millett. "Strategic approaches in Australian SMEs: Deliberate or emergent?" Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 1 (January 2012): 98–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.1.98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine whether Australian SMEs could be characterised as ‘deliberate’ or ‘emergent’ in their strategic approaches. More specifically, surveying 1230 Australian SMEs, this paper focuses on answers to the following questions: What is the nature and prevalence of strategic practices in Australian SMEs? and to what extent does firm size differentiate the patterning and prevalence of strategic practices? The findings add to the little empirical research showing the principal activities and tools that comprise the strategic practices undertaken in Australian SMEs. Overall, and in both small and medium enterprises respectively, strategic thinking and action seem to be undertaken with the use of a framework of a written business plan which is in line with the ‘deliberate’ approach; however few sophisticated strategy making techniques were employed. Researchers and practitioners may find it valuable to develop tools that will naturally suit SME firms so that these tools can be of more value. Academics and tertiary institutions will be well advised to develop strategic management courses which also specifically focus on more emergent approaches designed for smaller firms including specially developed techniques and tools that are less time-consuming and expensive to use and more suited to smaller firms. This would enable SMEs to expand the range of strategy making tools they employ.
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Corcoran, Paul, Eve Griffin, Amanda O’Carroll, Linda Cassidy, and Brendan Bonner. "Hospital-Treated Deliberate Self-Harm in the Western Area of Northern Ireland." Crisis 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The Northern Ireland Registry of Deliberate Self-Harm was established as an outcome of the Northern Ireland Suicide Prevention Strategy and Action Plan – Protect Life, beginning in the Western Health and Social Care Trust area. Aims: The study aimed to establish the incidence of hospital-treated deliberate self-harm in the Western Area of Northern Ireland, and to explore the profile of such presentations. Method: Deliberate self-harm presentations made to the three hospital emergency departments operating in the area during the period 2007–2012 were recorded. Results: There were 8,175 deliberate self-harm presentations by 4,733 individuals. Respectively, the total, male, and female age-standardized incidence rate was 342, 320, and 366 per 100,000 population. City council residents had a far higher self-harm rate. The peak rate for women was among 15–19-year-olds (837 per 100,000) and for men was among 20–24-year-olds (809 per 100,000). Risk of repetition was higher in 35–44-year-old patients if self-cutting was involved, but was most strongly associated with the number of previous self-harm presentations. Conclusion: The incidence of hospital-treated self-harm in Northern Ireland is far higher than in the Republic of Ireland and more comparable to that in England.
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Savolainen, Reijo. "Information seeking and searching strategies as plans and patterns of action." Journal of Documentation 72, no. 6 (October 10, 2016): 1154–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-03-2016-0033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the picture of strategies for information searching and seeking by reviewing the conceptualizations on this topic in the field of library and information science (LIS). Design/methodology/approach The study draws on Henry Mintzberg’s idea of strategy as plan and strategy as pattern in a stream of actions. Conceptual analysis of 57 LIS investigations was conducted to find out how researchers have approached the above aspects in the characterizations of information search and seeking strategies. Findings In the conceptualizations of information search and information seeking strategies, the aspect of strategy as plan is explicated most clearly in text-book approaches describing the steps of rational web searching. Most conceptualizations focus on the aspect of strategy as pattern in a stream of actions. This approach places the main emphasis on realized strategies, either deliberate or emergent. Deliberate strategies indicate how information search or information seeking processes were oriented by intentions that existed previously. Emergent strategies indicate how patterns in information seeking and seeking developed in the absence of intentions, or despite them. Research limitations/implications The conceptualizations of the shifts in information seeking and searching strategies were excluded from the study. Similarly, conceptualizations of information search or information retrieval tactics were not examined. Originality/value The study pioneers by providing an in-depth analysis of the ways in which the key aspects of strategy are conceptualized in the classifications and typologies of information seeking and searching strategies. The findings contribute to the elaboration of the conceptual space of information behaviour research.
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Huberdeau, David M., John W. Krakauer, and Adrian M. Haith. "Practice induces a qualitative change in the memory representation for visuomotor learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1050–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00830.2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adaptation of our movements to changes in the environment is known to be supported by multiple learning processes that operate in parallel. One is an implicit recalibration process driven by sensory-prediction errors; the other process counters the perturbation through more deliberate compensation. Prior experience is known to enable adaptation to occur more rapidly, a phenomenon known as “savings,” but exactly how experience alters each underlying learning process remains unclear. We measured the relative contributions of implicit recalibration and deliberate compensation to savings across 2 days of practice adapting to a visuomotor rotation. The rate of implicit recalibration showed no improvement with repeated practice. Instead, practice led to deliberate compensation being expressed even when preparation time was very limited. This qualitative change is consistent with the proposal that practice establishes a cached association linking target locations to appropriate motor output, facilitating a transition from deliberate to automatic action selection. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent research has shown that savings for visuomotor adaptation is attributable to retrieval of intentional, strategic compensation. This does not seem consistent with the implicit nature of memory for motor skills and calls into question the validity of visuomotor adaptation of reaching movements as a model for motor skill learning. Our findings suggest a solution: that additional practice adapting to a visuomotor perturbation leads to the caching of the initially explicit strategy for countering it.
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Choi, Wayne, Ollivier Dyens, Teresa Chan, Mariles Schijven, Susanne Lajoie, Mary E. Mancini, Parvati Dev, et al. "Engagement and learning in simulation: recommendations of the Simnovate Engaged Learning Domain Group." BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 3, Suppl 1 (March 2017): S23—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2016-000177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundHealth professions education (HPE) is based on deliberate learning activities and clinical immersion to achieve clinical competence. Simulation is a tool that helps bridge the knowledge-to-action gap through deliberate learning. This paper considers how to optimally engage learners in simulation activities as part of HPE.MethodsThe Simnovate Engaged Learning Domain Group undertook 3 teleconferences to survey the current concepts regarding pervasive learning. Specific attention was paid to engagement in the learning process, with respect to fidelity, realism and emotions, and the use of narratives in HPE simulation.ResultsThis paper found that while many types of simulation exist, the current ways to categorise the types of simulation do not sufficiently describe what a particular simulation will entail. This paper introduces a novel framework to describe simulation by deconstructing a simulation activity into 3 core characteristics (scope, modality and environment). Then, the paper discusses how engagement is at the heart of the learning process, but remained an understudied phenomenon with respect to HPE simulation. Building on the first part, a conceptual framework for engaged learning in HPE simulation was derived, with potential use across all HPE methods.DiscussionThe framework considers how the 3 characteristics of simulation interplay with the dimensions of fidelity (physical, conceptual and emotional), and how these can be conveyed by and articulated through beauty (as a proxy for efficiency) as coexisting factors to drive learner engagement. This framework leads to the translation of deliberately taught knowledge, skills and attitudes into clinical competence and subsequent performance.
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Schillinger, Daniel. "Aristotle, Equity, and Democracy." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 35, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 333–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Aristotelian equity (epieikeia) has often been relegated to scholarly discussions of retributive justice. Recently, however, political theorists have recast equity as the virtue of a sympathetic democratic citizen. I build on this literature by offering a more precise explanation of equity’s internal structure and political significance. In particular, I reveal equity’s deliberative dimension. For Aristotle, equitable citizens, statesmen, and legislators correct or go beyond the law, as appropriate, not only when they render retrospective judgments about matters of punishment or distribution, but also when they deliberate about future-oriented questions of legislation or political action. In addition, I show, more concretely, the role of equity in democratic citizenship. Drawing upon the Aristotelian Constitution of the Athenians, I argue that the Athenian demos exemplified equity when it brought about the reconciliation and the amnesty of 403 BC. Attention to this episode clarifies the conceptual linkages between equity, deliberation, sympathy, and democracy.
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ORWIN, ALEXANDER I. "Can Humankind Deliberate on a Global Scale? Alfarabi and the Politics of the Inhabited World." American Political Science Review 108, no. 4 (November 2014): 830–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055414000422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alfarabi treats the question of global governance more thoroughly than any of his Greek predecessors. The key to understanding his view of the matter lies with his highly selective use of the term “inhabited world” across several works. Citing the inhabited world's enormous size, immeasurable diversity, and frequently inhospitable terrain, Alfarabi rejects the possibility that its entirety will ever be governed politically. Furthermore, Alfarabi omits the term “inhabited world” from his most important accounts of deliberation and legislation. The implication is that in Alfarabi's view no statesman or prophet can ever deliberate about, or legislate for, the whole of the inhabited world. The scope and multiplicity of the political accidents occurring within this vast domain are too great for any deliberator or group of deliberators to adequately grasp. The consequence is that any given political action or piece of legislation concerns at most several nations. Alfarabi's discussion helps to reveal the limited scope of most political decisions today, which often appear to be global but in fact do not involve more than several nations.
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SOBOLEVA, MAJA. "PHENOMENOLOGY OF POLITICAL ACTION." HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 11, no. 1 (2022): 402–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-402-420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article focuses on a phenomenological study of political action. The analysis includes three directions: the concept of action, paradigms that determine political actions, and the purpose of action. In the analysis of action, I first use the distinction between the concepts of “act” and “operate.” “To act” means a conscious, deliberate, rational action. In contrast, “operate” means to behave unconsciously, mechanically or automatically, passively or instinctively. The political implications of the distinction between an “acting” and “operating” person can be formulated in the terms “freedom of action” and “coercion to operate,” and the latter can be used as a criterion for determining the type of social system, as well as for evaluating the correlated psychological state of society. As the next step, I analyse the action as a process and a result. I argue that in the social sphere, action appears as the sum of these moments, and the social sphere is a derivate of action. The last aspect of the analysis of action is responsibility. I claim that responsibility can be interpreted as the awareness and recognition by the individual of her role in history. The second part of the work is the study of paradigms and rules of political action in so-called open and closed societies. I claim that political action within the framework of an open society is limited only by legislation. In a closed society, political action is practically impossible: citizens do not act, but “operate” since there are no conditions for actions. After that, I analyse the role of social myths as a factor affecting people’s political activities. In the last part, I analyse the ultimate goal of political action. Traditionally, political philosophy assumes that the goals of politics are exhausted by the problems of relationship between the state and the individual. However, based on the theory of Hannah Arendt, it is possible to formulate the task of political action as the achievement of humanism in a human being, taken not in her relation to the state but in relation to herself. I argue that the minimal political action that can be qualified as humanism consists of the ability and courage to use one’s own mind.
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Narziculov, R. A., A. A. Denisova та E. D. Ozerova. "Аcute paracetamol intoxication". EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE 22, № 3 (30 вересня 2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/2072-6716-2021-22-3-61-64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Paracetamol is non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic of the central action from group of anilides, widely used in clinical practice. This drug has pronounced hepatotoxic effect which amplifies with alcohol. Paracetamol intoxication most frequently happens as a result of deliberate peroral intake of excessive doses of drug with a suicidal purpose. Undeliberate medicine poisoning is possible as a result of self-treatment.
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MacLennan, Helen. "Student Perceptions of Plagiarism Avoidance Competencies: An Action Research Case Study." Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 18, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v18i1.22350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: Student plagiarism in higher education is widespread and presents a growing concern for faculty and administrators who are intent on upholding academic integrity. However, a myopic view of plagiarism as a purely ethical issue is misguided. It is not always simply a deliberate attempt to deceive. Through the involvement of students in an introductory MBA course, this case study uses an action research approach to explore student perceptions of the challenges of avoiding plagiarism in academic writing, the appropriateness of plagiarism penalties, and the value of corrective feedback on penalty-free writing assignments. It also offers a practical example of how discipline-based faculty can incorporate plagiarism education into their curriculum.
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Kirchhoff, Christine J., Joseph J. Barsugli, Gillian L. Galford, Ambarish V. Karmalkar, Kelly Lombardo, Scott R. Stephenson, Mathew Barlow, Anji Seth, Guiling Wang, and Austin Frank. "Climate Assessments for Local Action." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 11 (November 2019): 2147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0138.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractGlobal and national climate assessments are comprehensive, authoritative sources of information about observed and projected climate changes and their impacts on society. These assessments follow well-known, accepted procedures to create credible, legitimate, salient sources of information for policy- and decision-making, build capacity for action, and educate the public. While there is a great deal of research on assessments at global and national scales, there is little research or guidance for assessment at the U.S. state scale. To address the need for guidance for state climate assessments (SCAs), the authors combined insights from the literature, firsthand experience with four SCAs, and interviews with individuals involved in 10 other SCAs to identify challenges, draw lessons, and point out future research needs to guide SCAs. SCAs are challenged by sparseness of literature and data, insufficient support for ongoing assessment, short time lines, limited funding, and surprisingly, little deliberate effort to address legitimacy as a concern. Lessons learned suggest SCAs should consider credibility, legitimacy, and salience as core criteria; happen at regular intervals; identify assessment scope, resource allocation, and trade-offs between generation of new knowledge, engagement, and communication up front; and leverage boundary organizations. Future research should build on ongoing efforts to advance assessments, examine the effectiveness of different SCA approaches, and seek to inform both broad and specific guidance for SCAs.
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Ferejohn, John. "Symposium on explanations and social ontology 1: rational choice theory and social explanation." Economics and Philosophy 18, no. 2 (October 2002): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026626710200202x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Common Mind, Pettit argues that rational choice theory cannot provide genuine causal accounts of action. A genuine causal explanation of intentional action must track how people actually deliberate to arrive at action. And, deliberation is necessarily enculturated or situated “. . . we take human agents to reason their way to action, using the concepts that are available to them in the currency of their culture” (p. 220). When deciding how to act, “. . . people find their way to action in response to properties that they register in the options before them, properties that are valued in common with others and that can be invoked to provide at least some justification of their choices” (p. 272). That people seek to make justified decisions implies that, at times, their own goals or objectives will be modified in deliberation. Something that rational choice theory cannot allow.
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O'Brien, G., A. R. Holton, K. Hurren, L. Watt, and F. Hassanyeh. "Deliberate Self-harm and Predictors of Out-patient Attendance." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 2 (February 1987): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.2.246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kreitman (1979) reported that up to one-half of patients given out-patient appointments one week after an episode of deliberate self-harm (DSH) fail to attend, and gave a number of possible explanations for this. Firstly, parasuicide is often the result of a crisis which may have resolved (albeit temporarily) by the end of a further week. Secondly, someone in a state of heightened tension may find one week too long to wait, and may resort to other strategies to deal with his problems. Thirdly, many parasuicides may find a psychiatric label unacceptable in the context of their problems, and fourthly, an appoint ment made for a fixed day and a fixed hour may not fit the need for immediate action which the subjects subculture had inculcated in him as a habit pattern. Morgan et al (1976) reported that up to 40% of their DSH patients either did not attend any appointment or failed to complete their treatment. Two possible explanations for this were that they either felt that they did not need psychiatric treatment, or else believed that psychiatric treatment was not an answer to their problems. Kessel and Lee (1962), probably in line with much psychiatric practice, did not give a follow-up appointment to 40% of their self-poisoners; this was for two reasons. Firstly, these patients did not have a problem for which psychiatric treatment was appropriate and secondly, many of these patients had an entrenched personality disorder, which made it unlikely that psychiatric intervention would be beneficial.
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Kapucu, Naim, and Abdul-Akeem Sadiq. "Disaster Policies and Governance: Promoting Community Resilience." Politics and Governance 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2016): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i4.829.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This brief editorial introduction highlights the importance of policies and effective governance for disaster resilience including communities, individuals, institutions, and organizations through the execution of deliberate choice and collective action. Effective facilitation of development and implementation of disaster policies can lead to more resilient communities in the aftermath of disasters. The success of design, development, and execution of disaster resilience policies require engagement of the “whole community”.