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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Kathuria, Vinish. "Vehicular pollution control in Delhi." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 7, no. 5 (September 2002): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-9209(02)00006-8.

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2

Aparnavi, P. "Public Perception Survey on Air Pollution in South Delhi." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 04, no. 02 (April 7, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.201812.

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3

Rajpoot, Dr Subhadra, and Devang Pratap Singh. "Emerging Public Health Concern and Air Pollution: A Case Study of Delhi’s Air Pollution Governance." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060530.

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Анотація:

Air Pollution is a major concern in today’s scenarios as it is leading to serious health hazards and also retrograding our environment. In recent times there has been a rapid increase in various health factors which has affected lives at a very vast scale. Talking about air pollution in cities like Delhi and other metro cities where air pollution is at its peak. Talking about Delhi which is sometimes also referred as ‘Gas Chamber’ has been a research model for managing risk and controlling air pollution in mounting and towards making Delhi's environment healthy. In this research paper we are trying to understand air pollution governance as a means of risk management. Delhi which follows multi-level governance where public health emergencies in recent times, keeping public trust doctrine as the conceptual basis to look at governance. Delhi traversing as National Capital Territory can be considered as a victim of the Air Pollution and its consequent impacts. The lack of integrated approach in Delhi for risk governance has made this process multifaceted and a challenging task. This study can enlighten us on emergence of public health concerns due to air pollution and its governance, keeping in consideration it has not kept an equal balance even with the backing of legislative measures and intervention of court laws. Due to increasing air pollution levels in the city, right to Life and right to a Healthy Environment are being violated from which the levels of air quality continues to be poor. Lastly for which good governance is required in order to reduce the same at this pandemic.

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4

a, Garima, Abhishek Kumar, Nandita Moitra, and K. S. Jayachandran. "ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF RIVER YAMUNA USING POLLUTION INDICES." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2022): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15376.

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The river Yamuna is considered a crucial river in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Having 0.4 Percent of the catchment area in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, it feeds about 70 per cent of the population of Delhi and hence, is a major source of dependency for NCT of Delhi. The water quality monitoring of River Yamuna is done by the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Delhi on monthly basis.The objective of the study is to investigate the water quality of the river in the Delhi stretch, for the period 2003-2021. The water quality data has been derived from experimental analysis at DPCC across seven monitoring stations and has been analysed in the present study. It has been revealed that pollutant load from urban local bodies and drains have a stronger impact on the water parameters after the Wazirabad in Delhi, resulting in deteriorated water quality and high-Water Quality Indices (WQI). Water Quality Index (WQI) for the year 2021 indicates that pollution in the river Yamuna increases during monsoon and post-monsoonperiods while during pre-monsoon it remains relatively low.The average pH of the river water ranges from 6 to 8 throughout the year. The comparative data reveals that dissolved oxygen (DO) at most of the sites (except Palla) is nil and, the values of BiochemicalOxygen Demand(BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) have been increasing tremendously, which is due to the unregulated discharge or dumping of sewage water from urban local bodies (ULB) in the river.

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5

Sharma, Akriti, Nishtha Hooda, Nidhi Rani Gupta, and Renu Sharma. "Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case Study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1032, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1032/1/012004.

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Abstract Air pollution is among the world’s major environmental concerns. It remains a major health threat in India and is the leading environmental cause of morbidity in the country. There is considerable evidence that heavy and prolonged exposure to several air contaminants increases the cancer risk. The prevalence of breast cancer in citified environments with high exposure to air pollution has been seen to be elevated. Among various Indian cities, the Delhi cancer registry is having a high breast cancer incidence (28.6%). Owing to the recent and unprecedented global outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), India is exploring every possible way of controlling its vigorous human transmission. Work from home culture is adopted so as to maintain social distancing during the lockdown. This momentary stoppage is substantially reducing the level of air pollution in several city areas across India dramatically. This paper (i) Overviews the breast cancer and air pollution association; (ii) Compiles the air quality data of Delhi monitored by CPCB during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown time and compares it with pre-lockdown air quality data; (iii) Explores the reduced threat of breast cancer in Delhi during the nationwide lockdown. This work concluded that Air pollution serves a significant part in breast cancer occurrence. The countrywide lockdown in an attempt to prevent Covid-19 transmission has greatly improved the air quality of various Indian cities like Delhi. Also, with an unprecedented drop in rates of air pollution over Delhi, breast cancer occurrence may also decrease.

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6

Bhadauriya, S., N. Chaudhary, S. Mamatha, and S. S. Ray. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RICE RESIDUE BURNING AND INCREASING AIR POLLUTION IN NORTH-WEST INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 22, 2020): 1423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1423-2020.

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Abstract. Punjab and Haryana are two major Rice-producing states of India. They generate high amount of rice residue every year and these residues are burnt in the months of October and November to clear the fields for the next sowing, i.e. Wheat. Residue burning in these two states is considered to be a major factor for the pollution conditions persisting in Delhi, the capital of the country, during October and November. In this study, we aim to analyse the role of stubble burning on Pollution. The approach aimed at a) Determination of rice straw contingent to open burning in the states of Punjab and Haryana, b) Determine and quantify the air pollutant emissions from rice residue contingent to open burning and c) Compare them with the air pollution of Delhi. Also, in order to analyse the various reasons for the increasing pollution in Delhi, Aerosol Parameters like Aerosol Optical Depth, Angstrom Exponent and Single Scattering Albedo were also studied along with auxiliary data like Temperature, Wind Directions, Wind Trajectories, MODIS Fire Counts and CPCB Pollution Data. In this study, we found that not only residue burnings of Punjab and Haryana, but also dust storms from far beyond these states influence the pollution levels in Delhi, especially in the case of Particulate Matter less than 10.

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7

Lin, Yinzhen, Qile He, Jiatong Liu, and Jingning Wang. "Is Sharing Mobility a Solution to the Air Pollution Problem: Taking Delhi as an Example." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/5/20220563.

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The sharing economy is a social and economic system built around the sharing of resources. Advances in big data and online platforms in recent years have facilitated the growth of the sharing economy, resulted in some successful sharing model featured with sustainability. In this paper, we analyzed the pollution problem and situation of sharing EV market in Delhi to evaluate the feasibility of applying sharing mobility to the city. We refered to primary literatures and reports about the local condition in Delhi. According to our analysis, sharing mobility is not applicable in Delhi due to its detrimental air pollution and inadequate infrastructure.

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8

Parveen, Neha, Lubna Siddiqui, Md Nawaj Sarif, Md Safikul Islam, Nazreen Khanam, and Sk Mohibul. "Industries in Delhi: Air pollution versus respiratory morbidities." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 152 (August 2021): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.027.

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9

The Lancet Planetary Health. "Government indifference over air pollution crisis in Delhi." Lancet Planetary Health 1, no. 9 (December 2017): e348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30165-1.

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10

Varshney, C. K., and Maneesha Aggarwal. "Ozone pollution in the urban atmosphere of Delhi." Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90004-c.

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11

Jayaraman, Girija, and Nidhi. "Air pollution and associated respiratory morbidity in Delhi." Health Care Management Science 11, no. 2 (January 12, 2008): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10729-007-9050-7.

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12

Dr. G. SUDHAKAR, Dr G. SUDHAKAR, D. PUNYASESHUDU D. PUNYASESHUDU, and Dr M. SHANAWAZ BEGUM Dr. M.SHANAWAZ BEGUM. "Studies on Atmospheric Pollution Over New Delhi-A Mega City in India." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/march2014/110.

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13

Sharma, Arun Kumar, Palak Baliyan, and Prashant Kumar. "Air pollution and public health: the challenges for Delhi, India." Reviews on Environmental Health 33, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2017-0032.

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Анотація:

AbstractMitigating the impact of pollution on human health worldwide is important to limit the morbidity and mortality arising from exposure to its effect. The level and type of pollutants vary in different urban and rural settings. Here, we explored the extent of air pollution and its impacts on human health in the megacity of Delhi (India) through a review of the published literature. The study aims at describing the extent of air pollution in Delhi, the magnitude of health problems due to air pollution and the risk relationship between air pollution and associated health effects. We found 234 published articles in the PubMed search. The search showed that the extent of air pollution in Delhi has been described by various researchers from about 1986 onwards. We synthesized the findings and discuss them at length with respect to reported values, their possible interpretations and any limitations of the methodology. The chemical composition of ambient air pollution is also discussed. Further, we discuss the magnitude of health problem with respect to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), bronchial asthma and other illnesses. The results of the literature search showed that data has been collected in last 28 years on ambient air quality in Delhi, though it lacks a scientific continuity, consistency of locations and variations in parameters chosen for reporting. As a result, it is difficult to construct a spatiotemporal picture of the air pollution status in Delhi over time. The number of sites from where data have been collected varied widely across studies and methods used for data collection is also non-uniform. Even the parameters studied are varied, as some studies focused on particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and those ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), and others on suspended particulate matter (SPM) and respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM). Similarly, the locations of data collection have varied widely. Some of the sites were at busy traffic intersections, some on the terraces of offices and residential houses and others in university campuses or airports. As a result, the key question of the extent of pollution and its distribution across various parts of the city could be inferred. None of the studies or a combination of them could present a complete picture of the burden of diseases like COPD, bronchial asthma and other allergic conditions attributable to pollution in Delhi. Neither could it be established what fraction of the burden of the above diseases is attributable to ambient air pollution, given that other factors like tobacco smoke and indoor air pollution are also contributors to the causation of such diseases. In our discussion, we highlight the knowledge gaps and in the conclusion, we suggested what research can be undertaken to fill the these research gaps.

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14

Rastogi, Rohit, D. K. Chaturvedi, Mukund Rastogi, Saransh Chauhan, Vaibhav Aggarwal, Utkarsh Agarwal, and Richa Singh. "Surveillance of Air Quality and Measuring Effect of Homa Activity at Delhi, India." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.305451.

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Анотація:

The manuscript deals with the increasing pollution and vanishing of AQI in NCR region of India due to many factors like Parali (stubble) burning, traffic and pollution caused by factories to generate electricity by thermal power combustion. The Manuscript discusses the statistical effects of Indian Homa and Yajna process and its effect on curbing the pollution and improving AQI. It has been found that Yajna helps in purification of the environment and different AQI factors are improved by its continuous exercise for long time at a particular place. The python based data analysis has been presented to justify the problem statement and gadget and sensor based readings are produced in evidences. This paper is an attempt to convert the belief of one hundred thirty-eight crores Indians into practical and an evolutionary step towards Vedic sciences and natural prevention of Air-Pollutions. This is an effort to draw the attention of the masses and to bring into notice and consideration of this wonderful technique in front of the whole world.

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15

Ramasesha, Sheela K. "Clean Air for Indian Cities – Causes and Alleviation Strategies." Transport technic and technology 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttt-2020-0009.

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Abstract Air pollution in cities across the world is rising at an alarming rate. This rise in pollution has an adverse effect on people’s health leading to breathing difficulties, skin diseases and even cancer. The pollution in cities is mainly due to fossil fuel fired vehicles plying on the roads. Different polluting gases and particulate matter are discussed in the manuscript. Indian cities are no exception to this problem. With the general increase in population in the country, migration into cities has increased many folds. As a result, vehicular traffic on the roads has increased polluting the city atmosphere. This pollution has turned cities into heat islands. Two major cities of India, namely, Bengaluru and Delhi are considered in the manuscript for discussion. There are no simple ways of controlling this vehicular pollution and regulating the pollution. Strong policies have to be made and implemented. The way forward is pondered upon in the manuscript.

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16

Ramasesha, Sheela K. "Clean Air for Indian Cities – Causes and Alleviation Strategies." Transport technic and technology 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttt-2020-0009.

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Анотація:

AbstractAir pollution in cities across the world is rising at an alarming rate. This rise in pollution has an adverse effect on people’s health leading to breathing difficulties, skin diseases and even cancer. The pollution in cities is mainly due to fossil fuel fired vehicles plying on the roads. Different polluting gases and particulate matter are discussed in the manuscript. Indian cities are no exception to this problem. With the general increase in population in the country, migration into cities has increased many folds. As a result, vehicular traffic on the roads has increased polluting the city atmosphere. This pollution has turned cities into heat islands. Two major cities of India, namely, Bengaluru and Delhi are considered in the manuscript for discussion. There are no simple ways of controlling this vehicular pollution and regulating the pollution. Strong policies have to be made and implemented. The way forward is pondered upon in the manuscript.

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17

Marrapu, P., Y. Cheng, G. Beig, S. Sahu, R. Srinivas, and G. R. Carmichael. "Air quality in Delhi during the CommonWealth Games." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 7 (April 17, 2014): 10025–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-10025-2014.

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Abstract. Air quality during The CommonWealth Games (CWG, held in Delhi in October 2010) is analyzed using a new air quality forecasting system established for the Games. The CWG stimulated enhanced efforts to monitor and model air quality in the region. The air quality of Delhi during the CWG had high levels of particles with mean values of PM2.5 and PM10 at the venues of 111 and 238 μg m−3, respectively. Black carbon (BC) accounted for ∼10% of the PM2.5 mass. It is shown that BC, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are well predicted, but with positive biases of ∼25%. The diurnal variations are also well captured, with both the observations and the modeled values showing nighttime maxima and daytime minima. A new emissions inventory, developed as part of this air quality forecasting initiative, is evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted species-species correlations (i.e., BC : CO; BC : PM2.5; PM2.5 : PM10). Assuming that the observations at these sites are representative and that all the model errors are associated with the emissions, then the modeled concentrations and slopes can be made consistent by scaling the emissions by: 0.6 for NOx, 2 for CO, and 0.7 for BC, PM2.5 and PM10. The emission estimates for particles are remarkably good considering the uncertainty in the estimates due to the diverse spread of activities and technologies that take place in Delhi and the rapid rates of change. The contribution of various emission sectors including transportation, power, domestic and industry to surface concentrations are also estimated. Transport, domestic and industrial sectors all make significant contributions to PM levels in Delhi, and the sectoral contributions vary spatially within the city. Ozone levels in Delhi are elevated, with hourly values sometimes exceeding 100 ppb. The continued growth of the transport sector is expected to make ozone pollution a more pressing air pollution problem in Delhi. The sector analysis provides useful inputs into the design of strategies to reduce air pollution levels in Delhi. The contribution for sources outside of Delhi on Delhi air quality range from ∼25% for BC and PM to ∼60% for day time ozone. The significant contributions from non-Delhi sources indicates that in Delhi (as has been show elsewhere) these strategies will also need a more regional perspective.

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18

Marrapu, P., Y. Cheng, G. Beig, S. Sahu, R. Srinivas, and G. R. Carmichael. "Air quality in Delhi during the Commonwealth Games." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 19 (October 9, 2014): 10619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10619-2014.

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Анотація:

Abstract. Air quality during the Commonwealth Games (CWG, held in Delhi in October 2010) is analyzed using a new air quality forecasting system established for the games. The CWG stimulated enhanced efforts to monitor and model air quality in the region. The air quality of Delhi during the CWG had high levels of particles with mean values of PM2.5 and PM10 at the venues of 111 and 238 μg m−3, respectively. Black carbon (BC) accounted for ~ 10% of the PM2.5 mass. It is shown that BC, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are well predicted, but with positive biases of ~ 25%. The diurnal variations are also well captured, with both the observations and the modeled values showing nighttime maxima and daytime minima. A new emissions inventory, developed as part of this air quality forecasting initiative, is evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted species-species correlations (i.e., BC : CO; BC : PM2.5; PM2.5 : PM10). Assuming that the observations at these sites are representative and that all the model errors are associated with the emissions, then the modeled concentrations and slopes can be made consistent by scaling the emissions by 0.6 for NOx, 2 for CO, and 0.7 for BC, PM2.5, and PM10. The emission estimates for particles are remarkably good considering the uncertainty in the estimates due to the diverse spread of activities and technologies that take place in Delhi and the rapid rates of change. The contribution of various emission sectors including transportation, power, domestic and industry to surface concentrations are also estimated. Transport, domestic and industrial sectors all make significant contributions to PM levels in Delhi, and the sectoral contributions vary spatially within the city. Ozone levels in Delhi are elevated, with hourly values sometimes exceeding 100 ppb. The continued growth of the transport sector is expected to make ozone pollution a more pressing air pollution problem in Delhi. The sector analysis provides useful inputs into the design of strategies to reduce air pollution levels in Delhi. The contribution for sources outside of Delhi on Delhi air quality range from ~ 25% for BC and PM to ~ 60% for day time ozone. The significant contributions from non-Delhi sources indicates that in Delhi (as has been show elsewhere) these strategies will also need a more regional perspective.

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19

Sud, Shahan, and Sindhuja Aiyengar. "A Conceptual Review of the Odd-Even Policy on Delhi’s Urban Environment." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.39.6.

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Анотація:

The Odd-Even Policy is a transport rationing mechanism to control pollution levels by restricting the number of on-road vehicles per day. The aim of this policy was to reduce the number of on-road vehicles in a day by about half and thereby reducing the alarming levels of pollution in the State of Delhi. This paper identifies existing policies and evaluates how effective these policy and management options are in sustaining ecosystem services in Delhi and harmonizing them with human needs. The scope of this paper is restricted to the Odd-Even Policy implemented by the Government of Delhi in January-February 2016, and how structural reformations and policy adjustments can be made to the same in order to make it conducive to the indigenous ecosystem services and with that of people’s needs. Consequently, this paper studies whether the proposition stands or the objectives are required to be achieved through alternatives therein. The methodology of research engages in a comparative analysis of the Odd-Even policies implemented in Beijing and Delhi. The research findings are normative, and prescribe reforms to the Delhi model. Data are obtained from secondary sources.

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20

Arora, Shalini, and Dr Rama Lokhande. "How Heavy Metal contamination is contributing pollution in Delhi." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (2018): 831–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.3.17.

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21

Ghude, Sachin D., Rajesh Kumar, Gaurav Govardhan, Chinmay Jena, Ravi S. Nanjundiah, and M. Rajeevan. "New Delhi: air-quality warning system cuts peak pollution." Nature 602, no. 7896 (February 8, 2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00332-y.

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22

Cropper, Maureen L., Nathalie B. Simon, Anna Alberini, Seema Arora, and P. K. Sharma. "The Health Benefits of Air Pollution Control in Delhi." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 79, no. 5 (December 1997): 1625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1244393.

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23

Subramanian, Meera. "New Delhi car ban yields trove of pollution data." Nature 530, no. 7590 (February 2016): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/530266a.

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24

Sehgal, Meena, and Sumit Kumar Gautam. "Odd even story of Delhi traffic and air pollution." International Journal of Environmental Studies 73, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2016.1153901.

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25

Chhabra, Sunil K., Pragti Chhabra, Sanjay Rajpal, and Rajiv K. Gupta. "Ambient Air Pollution and Chronic Respiratory Morbidity in Delhi." Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 56, no. 1 (January 2001): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604055.

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26

Chen, Ying, Oliver Wild, Edmund Ryan, Saroj Kumar Sahu, Douglas Lowe, Scott Archer-Nicholls, Yu Wang, et al. "Mitigation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone pollution in Delhi: a sensitivity study during the pre-monsoon period." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-499-2020.

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Анотація:

Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) are major air pollutants in megacities such as Delhi, but the design of suitable mitigation strategies is challenging. Some strategies for reducing PM2.5 may have the notable side effect of increasing O3. Here, we demonstrate a numerical framework for investigating the impacts of mitigation strategies on both PM2.5 and O3 in Delhi. We use Gaussian process emulation to generate a computationally efficient surrogate for a regional air quality model (WRF-Chem). This allows us to perform global sensitivity analysis to identify the major sources of air pollution and to generate emission-sector-based pollutant response surfaces to inform mitigation policy development. Based on more than 100 000 emulation runs during the pre-monsoon period (peak O3 season), our global sensitivity analysis shows that local traffic emissions from the Delhi city region and regional transport of pollution emitted from the National Capital Region (NCR) surrounding Delhi are dominant factors influencing PM2.5 and O3 in Delhi. They together govern the O3 peak and PM2.5 concentration during daytime. Regional transport contributes about 80% of the PM2.5 variation during the night. Reducing traffic emissions in Delhi alone (e.g. by 50 %) would reduce PM2.5 by 15 %–20 % but lead to a 20 %–25 % increase in O3. However, we show that reducing NCR regional emissions by 25 %–30 % at the same time would further reduce PM2.5 by 5 %–10 % in Delhi and avoid the O3 increase. This study provides scientific evidence to support the need for joint coordination of controls on local and regional scales to achieve effective reduction in PM2.5 whilst minimising the risk of O3 increase in Delhi.

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27

Sinha, Raunak. "Assessment of Temporal Distribution of Noise Pollution in Delhi using ArcGIS." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/10876.

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Анотація:

Noise pollution affects day-to-day life both mentally and physically. Hence, it’s a growing problem in every major city of the world. Many diseases have been proven to be associated directly with rise in noise level. To combat the noise level government agencies have laid down certain guidelines which suggest noise level in different location to be in prescribed limits. These noise limits is different for different land-use pattern and also different for different timings also. Daytime generally experiences more noise level than night time in almost all the locations. In present study, noise level of a particular day of 24 hr is taken from 26 locations. These noise levels are used to construct noise map in ArcGIS for Delhi for both daytime ad night time. These noise maps are used to present a comparative study of noise pollution between daytime and night time. Research Study suggest that in the daytime most of the area of Delhi experiences 55-60 dB noise level while in the night time it is experienced that most of the location in Delhi, noise level is 50-55 dB.

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28

Prasetya, Tofan Agung Eka, Muhammad Rifki Taufik, Ratnaningtyas Wahyu Kusuma Wardani, Tri Wijayanti Septiarini, and Eka Rosanti. "Characteristics of Ambient Air Pollutions in Delhi, India." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 3 (May 25, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230032.

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Air pollution is characterised as the presence of one or more pollutants in the outdoor environment, such as dust, gases, mist, odour, smoke, or vapour. They are harmful to human, plant, or animal life or property or interfere with the healthy nature of life or property in specific amounts, characteristics, or periods. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of ambient air pollution through relations between determinants to each SO2, NO2, PM10, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) by applying linear regression. The data has been obtained from the official websites of the Indian government based on the real-time pollutant concentrations monitored by stations in an urban and resident areas from 2000 until 2015. The data consisted of eight (8) variables; SO2, NO2, PM10, and SPM as outcomes, month, year, area, and monitoring stations as determinants. The model showed that the month, year, monitoring station, and area were correlated to SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentration. Yet, in SPM concentration, month, year, the station was correlated. The area was not correlated to SPM. Investigation of other predictors was needed to gain information about the increasing air pollution on a global scale.

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29

Bhandari, Sahil, Shahzad Gani, Kanan Patel, Dongyu S. Wang, Prashant Soni, Zainab Arub, Gazala Habib, Joshua S. Apte, and Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz. "Sources and atmospheric dynamics of organic aerosol in New Delhi, India: insights from receptor modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 735–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-735-2020.

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Abstract. Delhi, India, is the second most populated city in the world and routinely experiences some of the highest particulate matter concentrations of any megacity on the planet, posing acute challenges to public health (World Health Organization, 2018). However, the current understanding of the sources and dynamics of PM pollution in Delhi is limited. Measurements at the Delhi Aerosol Supersite (DAS) provide long-term chemical characterization of ambient submicron aerosol in Delhi, with near-continuous online measurements of aerosol composition. Here we report on source apportionment based on positive matrix factorization (PMF), conducted on 15 months of highly time-resolved speciated submicron non-refractory PM1 (NR-PM1) between January 2017 and March 2018. We report on seasonal variability across four seasons of 2017 and interannual variability using data from the two winters and springs of 2017 and 2018. We show that a modified tracer-based organic component analysis provides an opportunity for a real-time source apportionment approach for organics in Delhi. Phase equilibrium modeling of aerosols using the extended aerosol inorganics model (E-AIM) predicts equilibrium gas-phase concentrations and allows evaluation of the importance of the ventilation coefficient (VC) and temperature in controlling primary and secondary organic aerosol. We also find that primary aerosol dominates severe air pollution episodes, and secondary aerosol dominates seasonal averages.

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30

PANDEY, RITA. "Economic policy instruments for controlling vehicular air pollution." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 1 (January 19, 2004): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x03001025.

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When continuous monitoring of individual emissions is not feasible, policy makers need to investigate what other options are available and how best to provide appropriate incentives for pollution reduction. This paper offers an analysis of some such options with a view to identifying and suggesting appropriate policy measures for emission control from automobiles in Delhi.

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31

Dutta, Abhishek, and Wanida Jinsart. "Air pollution in Delhi, India: It’s status and association with respiratory diseases." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 20, 2022): e0274444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274444.

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The policymakers need research studies indicating the role of different pollutants with morbidity for polluted cities to install a strategic air quality management system. This study critically assessed the air pollution of Delhi for 2016–18 to found out the role of air pollutants in respiratory morbidity under the ICD-10, J00-J99. The critical assessment of Delhi air pollution was done using various approaches. The mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during the measurement period exceeded both national and international standards by a wide margin. Time series charts indicated the interdependence of PM2.5 and PM10 and connection with hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Violin plots showed that daily respiratory disease hospital visits increased during the winter and autumn seasons. The winter season was the worst from the city’s air pollution point of view, as revealed by frequency analyses. The single and multi-pollutant GAM models indicated that short-term exposure to PM10 and SO2 led to increased hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Per 10 units increase in concentrations of PM10 brought the highest increase in hospital visits of 0.21% (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.002) at lag0-6 days. This study found the robust effect of SO2 persisted in Delhi from lag0 to lag4 days and lag01 to lag06 days for single and cumulative lag day effects, respectively. While every 10 μg m-3 increase of SO2 concentrations on the same day (lag0) led to 32.59% (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61) rise of hospital visits, the cumulative concentration of lag0-1 led to 37.21% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI:1.11, 1.70) rise in hospital visits which further increased to even 83.33% (RR: 1.83, 95% CI:1.35, 2.49) rise at a lag0-6 cumulative concentration in Delhi. The role of SO2 in inducing respiratory diseases is worrying as India is now the largest anthropogenic SO2 emitter in the world.

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32

Kumar, Raj, Jitendra K. Nagar, Nitin Goel, Pawan Kumar, Alka S. Kushwah, and Shailendra N. Gaur. "Indoor air pollution and asthma in children at Delhi, India." Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska 83, no. 4 (July 9, 2015): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/piap.2015.0047.

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33

Nongkynrih, Baridalyne, SanjeevKumar Gupta, and SA Rizwan. ""Air pollution in Delhi: Its Magnitude and Effects on Health"." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 38, no. 1 (2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.106617.

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34

Akbar, S., and M. R. Ashmore. "PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IN DELHI AND ITS RELATIONSHIPTO RESPIRATORY HEALTH." Epidemiology 7, Supplement (July 1996): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199607001-00032.

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35

Sharma, Nidhi, Shweta Taneja, Vaishali Sagar, and Arshita Bhatt. "Forecasting air pollution load in Delhi using data analysis tools." Procedia Computer Science 132 (2018): 1077–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.05.023.

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36

Kumar, Prashant, Mukesh Khare, Roy M. Harrison, William J. Bloss, Alastair C. Lewis, Hugh Coe, and Lidia Morawska. "New directions: Air pollution challenges for developing megacities like Delhi." Atmospheric Environment 122 (December 2015): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.032.

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37

Guttikunda, Sarath K., and Rahul Goel. "Health impacts of particulate pollution in a megacity—Delhi, India." Environmental Development 6 (April 2013): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2012.12.002.

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38

Mandal, Papiya, R. Sarkar, A. Mandal, and T. Saud. "Seasonal variation and sources of aerosol pollution in Delhi, India." Environmental Chemistry Letters 12, no. 4 (September 2, 2014): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-014-0479-x.

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39

Kathuria, Vinish. "Impact of CNG on vehicular pollution in Delhi: a note." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 9, no. 5 (September 2004): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2004.05.003.

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40

Goel, Deepti, and Sonam Gupta. "The Effect of Metro Expansions on Air Pollution in Delhi." World Bank Economic Review 31, no. 1 (September 30, 2015): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhv056.

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41

Choudhary, Arti, Pradeep Kumar, Saroj Kumar Sahu, and Chinmay Pradhan. "Real time roadway pollution in Indian cities: A comparative assessment with modelled emission." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2605rjce97106.

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Roadway transport sector is one of the major contributors of atmospheric pollution. The study aims to understand the real time roadway pollution in megacities and medium sized Indian cities; therefore, the present study estimated on-road emission factors (EFs) and compared them with two other regulatory models for Delhi and Guwahati. Both the cities are different in traffic flow management strategies, traffic composition and vehicular density per 1000 population. Emission rate was found higher in Guwahati (17% to 38%) due to frequent stops-and-go patterns of driving profile and poor traffic flow management per vehicle as compared to Delhi, but overall roadway pollution load is higher in Delhi due to higher vehicular density. The real-time on-road EFs were compared with modelled EFs, estimated with two regulatory models International Vehicle Emission (IVE) model and COPERT-IV. The modelled EFs magnitude is lower than the real-time EFs. Pollutants HC, CO and CO2 were about 17% to 30% and 33% to 55% fewer from IVE and COPERT-IV respectively whereas NOx emissions are over predicted by both the models (COPERT-IV: -54% to -95% and IVE: -26% to -35%). Results demonstrate that efficient traffic flow management plays important role in reducing roadway pollution, which is major share of environmental pollution, but uncontrolled vehicular growth quickly offsets the benefit of emission control policies. Therefore, there is need for establishing equilibrium between emission control and vehicle growth rate in control policies for optimum benefits from policies for each city.

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42

Jørgensen, Rikke Bramming, Urban Kjellen, and Øystein Moen. "Organizational Strategies to Manage Expatriate Worries about Pollution Levels in Megacities." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n1p39.

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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">The purpose of this paper is to analyse how a large European infrastructure developer responded to expatriate worries about high outdoor pollution levels in the Indian megacity Delhi. We present an exploratory case study obtained from a three months project with close university/company interaction, both with the head office in Oslo Norway and the Delhi office. Fact assessment showed that pollution levels are high and rising, with significant expected increase in asthma, cardiac diseases and mortality in the winter months. The results show that the employees compare home office environment with the Delhi office, and compare the company actions plans with other companies’ problem solving initiatives. Cost considerations were not important in the development of the response plan but in the implementation phase (specific decisions) and the results further shows that the characteristics of the internal process are important. We present a company response plan to a real-life situation, and this plan could be used by other companies as well. From the company perspective, the paper points towards a challenging issue of similar or dissimilar handling of local employees versus expatriates. Destination characteristics such as air pollution have attained limited focus in expatriate research, and a major contribution of this paper is to present facts and possible solutions as well as comments on future research needs.</p>

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43

Nisar Khan. "Augmenting the Transit Capacity of Delhi by Renewal of the Sub-Urban Railway." Creative Space 2, no. 2 (January 21, 2015): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2015.22003.

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This paper discusses the specific case of the untapped potential of the Sub-Urban Railway in Delhi. The Sub-Urban Railway, used as a passenger service during ASIAD Games of 1982, lost its relevance in due course of time. Delhi commutes primarily through various public and private modes of road-based transportation, with the Delhi Metro emerging as an lternative. Urban transportation in Delhi is facing a crisis due to long traffic jams, rising numbers of vehicles on roads, environmental pollution, waste of energy, among others. Ironically, the existing infrastructure of the Sub-Urban Railway is left unutilized, though this may well provide increased passenger capacity to the Mega-City while simultaneously addressing the concerns of environment and energy as well. The paper is based on 3-year long study by the author of the salient aspects of the Sub-Urban Railway in Delhi and also the resultant detailed proposals for the augmentation of the city’s Transport scenario.

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44

Sharma, Krati, N. Janardhana Raju, Neelratan Singh, and S. Sreekesh. "Heavy metal pollution in groundwater of urban Delhi environs: Pollution indices and health risk assessment." Urban Climate 45 (September 2022): 101233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101233.

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45

Sinha, Sananda. "Correlative Assessment of Water Quality and Qualitative and Quantitative Fish Production from River Yamuna, In the State NCT Delhi." Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Zoology 42, no. 1 (June 16, 2023): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/bpas.2023.42a.1.10.

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River Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height 6,387 Metres. Earlier, the waters of the Yamuna were distinguishable as "clear blue", as compared to the silt-laden yellow of the Ganges. However, due to high density population growth and rapid industrialization, today Yamuna is one of the most polluted rivers in India, especially around New Delhi, the capital of India, which dumps about 58% of its treated or partially treated waste into the river. Hence, water quality of river Yamuna has widely been studied with regard to physico-chemical characteristics. The paper presents their impact of pollution on the production of fishes in the state of NCT Delhi. The river Yamuna has been reduced to a small stream due to sewage and industrial effluents draining into it. Even though, the Govt. of India is taking stringent measures to assuage these pollution loads to save an ailing river to flourish the aquatic life, revival is not so eminent. Due to that the production and quality of fish is affected badly. Economical aspects of the state NCT Delhi has also impacted.

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46

Dutta, Anuja. "Book review: Awadhendra Sharan, Dust and Smoke: Air Pollution and Colonial Urbanism, India, c.1860-c.1940." Society and Culture in South Asia 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23938617211047749.

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47

Negi, Chandra Singh, and C. K. Varshney. "Effect of air pollution on photosynthesis-A study of its effect on oxygen evolution." Environment Conservation Journal 4, no. 1-3 (December 22, 2003): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2003.0412307.

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This paper deals with the effect of urban air pollution on oxygen evolution by common tropical avenue tree species growing along three important traffic corridors in the capital city of Delhi. Oxygen evolution was measured using Clark-type Hansatech oxygen electrode (U.K.) A marked reduction in oxygen evolution was observed in five species of tropical avenue trees, viz., Azadirachta indica A.Juss, Alstonis scholaris R.Br. Ficus religiosa Linn., Ficus benghalensis Linn. and Morus alba Linn. growing along three important traffic corridors in the capital city of Delhi. Reduction in oxygen evolution was found to be related to the intensity of air pollution resulting from growing automobile traffic. In respect of oxygen evolution, Ficus religiosa was found to be the most sensitive, while Alstonia scholaris was relatively tolerant to roadside automobile pollution. The results of this study suggest that sensitivity of oxygen evolution to air pollution can be an important criteria for selecting avenue trees for road side plantation along high traffic corridors in urban areas and for raising green belts in and around industrial complexes.

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48

Singh, Harikesh, Gowhar Meraj, Sachchidanand Singh, Vaibhav Shrivastava, Vishal Sharma, Majid Farooq, Shruti Kanga, Suraj Kumar Singh, and Pankaj Kumar. "Status of Air Pollution during COVID-19-Induced Lockdown in Delhi, India." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122090.

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To monitor the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), India, during the last week of March 2020, imposed national restrictions on the movement of its citizens (lockdown). Although India’s economy was shut down due to restrictions, the nation observed a sharp decline in particulate matter (PM) concentrations. In recent years, Delhi has experienced rapid economic growth, leading to pollution, especially in urban and industrial areas. In this paper, we explored the linkages between air quality and the nationwide lockdown of the city of Delhi using a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach. Data from 37 stations were monitored from 12 March, 2020 to 2 April, 2020 and it was found that the Air Quality Index for the city was almost reduced by 37% and 46% concerning PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The study highlights that, in regular conditions, the atmosphere’s natural healing rate against anthropogenic activities is lower, as indicated by a higher AQI. However, during the lockdown, this sudden cessation of anthropogenic activities leads to a period in which the natural healing rate is greater than the induced disturbances, resulting in a lower AQI, and thus proving that this pandemic has given a small window for the environment to breathe and helped the districts of Delhi to recover from serious issues related to bad air quality. If such healing windows are incorporated into policy and decision-making, these can prove to be effective measures for controlling air pollution in heavily polluted regions of the World.

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49

Talukdar, Shamitaksha, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, Vipul Lalchandani, Maheswar Rupakheti, Himadri Sekhar Bhowmik, Ashutosh K. Shukla, Vishnu Murari, et al. "Air Pollution in New Delhi during Late Winter: An Overview of a Group of Campaign Studies Focusing on Composition and Sources." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111432.

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In recent times, a significant number of studies on the composition and sources of fine particulate matters and volatile organic compounds have been carried out over Delhi, either initiated by or in association with the researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), in collaboration with researchers from within and outside India. All these studies utilized highly time-resolved, campaign-mode observations made with state-of-the-art instrumentation during the late winter months (mid-January to March) of 2018. Individually, each of these studies were rigorous in nature, containing explicit detailing about different types of ambient air pollutants in Delhi such as organic aerosols, inorganic elements, metals, carbonaceous aerosols, and volatile organic compounds. This study consolidates the extremely useful knowledge on source attribution of these air pollutants in the Delhi National Capital Region currently contained in these fragmented studies, which is vital to further enhancing our understanding of composition, characteristics, and sources of air pollutants over Delhi, as well as to designing appropriate mitigation measures tailored to local specifics.

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50

Dutta, Abhishek, Wanida Jinsart, Utpal Chandra Das, and Gautam Dutta. "An empirical analysis of Delhi's air quality throughout different COVID-19 pandemic waves." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 15, no. 1 (March 19, 2023): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4271.

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Delhi was one of India's COVID-19 hotspots, with significant death rates during the year 2021. This study looked at the link between COVID-19 cases in Delhi, and key meteorological variables. The study found that COVID-19 cases during the second wave (P2-March- May 2021) were much higher than during the first wave (P1-Jan-Feb 2021) in Delhi. During P1 (Jan-Feb 2021) the mean PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and CO concentrations were greater than that of P2 (March-May 2021) while the reverse happened for SO2 and O3. Spearman correlation test indicated that COVID-19 cases maintained a significant positive correlation with the high temperature of P2 (March-May 2021) and high humidity of P1 (Jan-Feb 2021) in line with the accepted notion that COVID-19 transmitted favourably in hot and humid climates. The Multilayer perceptron (MLP) model indicated that COVID-19 spread was supported by air pollutants and climate variables like PM2.5, NO2, RH, and WS in P1(Jan-Feb 2021) and PM2.5 and O3 in P2 (March-May 2021). Owing to chemical coupling, across all six monitoring stations, O3 maintained an inverse relationship with NO2 throughout the COVID-19 phases in Delhi. The city dwellers had health risks also due to PM pollution at varying degrees, indicated by high hazard quotients (HQs), requiring lowering of air pollution concentrations on an urgent basis.

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