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1
Yoshihara, Hisao. "Degree of Irrationality of Hyperelliptic Surfaces." Algebra Colloquium 7, no. 3 (August 2000): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10011-000-0319-3.
2
Tokunaga, H., and H. Yoshihara. "Degree of Irrationality of Abelian Surfaces." Journal of Algebra 174, no. 3 (June 1995): 1111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jabr.1995.1170.
3
Yoshihara, H. "Degree of Irrationality of an Algebraic Surface." Journal of Algebra 167, no. 3 (August 1994): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jabr.1994.1206.
4
Chen, Nathan. "Degree of irrationality of very general abelian surfaces." Algebra & Number Theory 13, no. 9 (December 7, 2019): 2191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/ant.2019.13.2191.
5
Bastianelli, Francesco, Pietro De Poi, Lawrence Ein, Robert Lazarsfeld, and Brooke Ullery. "Measures of irrationality for hypersurfaces of large degree." Compositio Mathematica 153, no. 11 (September 4, 2017): 2368–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x17007436.
Анотація:
We study various measures of irrationality for hypersurfaces of large degree in projective space and other varieties. These include the least degree of a rational covering of projective space, and the minimal gonality of a covering family of curves. The theme is that positivity properties of canonical bundles lead to lower bounds on these invariants. In particular, we prove that if $X\subseteq \mathbf{P}^{n+1}$ is a very general smooth hypersurface of dimension $n$ and degree $d\geqslant 2n+1$, then any dominant rational mapping $f:X{\dashrightarrow}\mathbf{P}^{n}$ must have degree at least $d-1$. We also propose a number of open problems, and we show how our methods lead to simple new proofs of results of Ran and Beheshti–Eisenbud concerning varieties of multi-secant lines.
6
Leshin, Jonah. "On the degree of irrationality in Noether’s problem." International Journal of Number Theory 12, no. 05 (May 10, 2016): 1209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042116500743.
Анотація:
Noether’s problem asks whether, for a given field [Formula: see text] and finite group [Formula: see text], the fixed field [Formula: see text] is a purely transcendental extension of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] acts on the [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. The field [Formula: see text] is naturally the function field for a quotient variety [Formula: see text]. We study the degree of irrationality [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] for an abelian group [Formula: see text], which is defined to be the minimal degree of a dominant rational map from [Formula: see text] to projective space. In particular, we give bounds for [Formula: see text] in terms of the arithmetic of cyclotomic extensions [Formula: see text].
7
MARTIN, Olivier. "The degree of irrationality of most abelian surfaces is 4." Annales scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure 55, no. 2 (2022): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24033/asens.2502.
8
Yoshihara, Hisao. "Degree of irrationality of a product of two elliptic curves." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 124, no. 5 (1996): 1371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-96-03375-8.
9
Stapleton, David, and Brooke Ullery. "The degree of irrationality of hypersurfaces in various Fano varieties." manuscripta mathematica 161, no. 3-4 (January 9, 2019): 377–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00229-018-01101-w.
10
Kuznetsov, Sergey. "Monad Theory of Structural Synthesis of Mechanisms." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 03041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134603041.
Анотація:
Structural synthesis creates a structural scheme according to the given structural characteristics - the degree of abnormality of the structure S and the degree of its irrationality s. Structural scheme is created at the first stage of synthesis, containing only rotational kinematic pairs and corresponds to a given degree of abnormality, which is ensured by the ratio of structural units – plus monads, minus monads and null monads. At the second stage, the independence of structural characteristics makes it possible to bring the obtained scheme to a given degree of irrationality by downgrading the class of kinematic pairs. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to synthesize structural schemes of both normal structure and adaptive (with redundant motions), as well as indifferent (with redundant links). Monadic approach to structure research allows to formalize the structural features of the circuit and to create a knowledge base for automated design of structural circuits with given structural properties.
11
Conway, Justin. "Overcoming the Irrationality of Hatred and Discrimination." Journal of Catholic Social Thought 19, no. 2 (2022): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcathsoc202219219.
Анотація:
John Lewis and Thomas Aquinas may seem like an unusual pairing for an essay. The first was a modern American congressman and civil rights activist, and the second was a priest, philosopher, and theologian from medieval Italy. Differences notwithstanding, their worldviews share a remarkable degree of overlap. This paper explores how each of these figures describes the development of right judgment and thus serves modern audiences seeking to understand how reason, emotion, and virtue operate in moral decision-making. Bringing them together, the author examines methods for rightly developing practical moral knowledge. Lewis’s political influence is studied theologically for how social formation, individual agency, and collective action function in perceiving and implementing natural law. Aquinas provides a theoretical framework for comprehending these concepts, by first defining synderesis and conscience, then discussing ways of knowing natural law, and, finally, explaining the virtue of prudence.
12
Acland, Daniel. "Poverty, Irrationality, and the Value of Cash Transfers." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 12, no. 2 (2021): 227–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.22.
Анотація:
AbstractIt has been demonstrated that irrationality reduces the efficiency of individuals’ allocations, as measured by their “true” or rational preferences. There is also evidence that poverty increases irrationality of different sorts. As a result, the net benefit to society of a cash transfer from taxpayers to welfare recipients may not be zero. The fact that the transfer will be allocated less efficiently by the recipients than by the taxpayers will reduce the value of the transfer, while if the transfer increases recipients’ rationality, it will increase the efficiency of the allocation of their pretransfer budgets, thus increasing the value of the transfer. The net effect on society will be positive or negative, depending in large part on the degree to which the transfer increases rationality. I model these effects in the context of present-biased preferences and explore the effect of irrationality, income, and the size of transfer on the value of transfers. I conclude that under a plausible range of conditions, transfers can generate a substantial positive net benefit. I also model the choices of a fully rational paternalist and find little support for paternalistic in-kind transfers.
13
Fang, Fang, Richard Clawson, and Klee Irwin. "The Curled Up Dimension in Quasicrystals." Crystals 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101238.
Анотація:
Most quasicrystals can be generated by the cut-and-project method from higher dimensional parent lattices. In doing so they lose the periodic order their parent lattice possess, replaced with aperiodic order, due to the irrationality of the projection. However, perfect periodic order is discovered in the perpendicular space when gluing the cut window boundaries together to form a curved loop. In the case of a 1D quasicrystal projected from a 2D lattice, the irrationally sloped cut region is bounded by two parallel lines. When it is extrinsically curved into a cylinder, a line defect is found on the cylinder. Resolving this geometrical frustration removes the line defect to preserve helical paths on the cylinder. The degree of frustration is determined by the thickness of the cut window or the selected pitch of the helical paths. The frustration can be resolved by applying a shear strain to the cut-region before curving into a cylinder. This demonstrates that resolving the geometrical frustration of a topological change to a cut window can lead to preserved periodic order.
14
Fliouet, El Hassane. "Extension of i-Modularity." Algebra Colloquium 27, no. 03 (August 27, 2020): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386720000401.
Анотація:
Let k be a field of characteristic p ≠ 0. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the results and definitions of i-modularity that have already been estalished by Chellali and the present author when [k : kp] is finite to the case of finite irrationality degree extensions. A number of properties of i-modular extensions are determined and examples are presented illustrating the results. In particular, we characterize some special cases.
15
Brennan, Thomas J., Andrew W. Lo, and Ruixun Zhang. "Variety Is the Spice of Life: Irrational Behavior as Adaptation to Stochastic Environments." Quarterly Journal of Finance 08, no. 03 (August 7, 2018): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013921850009x.
Анотація:
The debate between rational models of behavior and their systematic deviations, often referred to as “irrational behavior”, has attracted an enormous amount of research. Here, we reconcile the debate by proposing an evolutionary explanation for irrational behavior. In the context of a simple binary choice model, we show that irrational behaviors are necessary for evolution in stochastic environments. Furthermore, there is an optimal degree of irrationality in the population depending on the degree of environmental randomness. In this process, mutation provides the important link between rational and irrational behaviors, and hence the variety in evolution. Our results yield widespread implications for financial markets, corporate behavior, and disciplines beyond finance.
16
Kenison, George, and Richard Sharp. "Orbit counting in conjugacy classes for free groups acting on trees." Journal of Topology and Analysis 09, no. 04 (August 10, 2017): 631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793525317500261.
Анотація:
In this paper we study the action of the fundamental group of a finite metric graph on its universal covering tree. We assume the graph is finite, connected and the degree of each vertex is at least three. Further, we assume an irrationality condition on the edge lengths. We obtain an asymptotic for the number of elements in a fixed conjugacy class for which the associated displacement of a given base vertex in the universal covering tree is at most T. Under a mild extra assumption we also obtain a polynomial error term.
17
Himsworth, Chris. "Transplanting Irrationality from Public to Private Law: Braganza v BP Shipping Ltd." Edinburgh Law Review 23, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2019.0522.
Анотація:
For many years, similarities have been noticed between the motivations for, and the methods of, controlling the exercise of discretionary powers on the one hand, in public law and, on the other hand, in contract law. There has, however, been much disagreement about how far the two processes should aligned, and whether the grounds of review in public law should be extended into the contractual domain. In Braganza v BP Shipping Ltd [2015] UKSC 17, the UK Supreme Court sought a high degree of alignment through the adoption, in a contractual dispute, of public law standards of reasonableness. This article offers a critique of the Court's arguments in the case and its consequences for contract law.
18
Wang, Yonglong, Xinyu Zheng, Jirong Cai, and Yuelong Zheng. "Supply Chain Contract Choice with Different Behavior Preferences of Retailer." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (October 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7894885.
Анотація:
Retailer may exhibit irrationality when facing the risk of demand uncertainty; therefore, we consider four retailer behavioral preferences: risk neutral (RN), waste aversion (WA), stockout aversion (SA), and stockout-waste aversion (SW). The decision-making and contract choice of upstream and downstream enterprises in cases where demand depends on supplier’s effort are studied. The results show that if the retailer has only SA or RN preferences, then the supplier prefers to choose a wholesale price contract, while the retailer does the opposite, if the retailer has only WA, then the supplier prefers to choose a revenue sharing contract, but the retailer’s contract choice depends on the degree of waste aversion, and if the retailer has SW, then the contract choice of upstream and downstream enterprises is related to the degree of waste aversion and stockout aversion.
19
Addison, Catherine. "Rochester's Triplets: Offspring of Libertinism or Reason?" SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 61, no. 3 (June 2021): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sel.2021.a903386.
Анотація:
Abstract: Rhyme in verse, by limiting verbal choices according to what a language can provide, reduces the degree of rational control over discourse. The reduction increases with the number of repetitions. This is probably why, in the age of Alexander Pope, triplet variants of the dominant heroic couplet were frowned upon. However, in the earlier Restoration period, John Dryden and John Wilmot, second Earl of Rochester, used triplets fairly frequently in their couplet poems. This article examines the triplet in Rochester's tightly controlled decasyllabic verse, where it registers not only climax and excess, but also a loosening of control that admits undertones of rage, outrage, and irrationality.
20
Nelyubova, Viktoriya V., Yulia N. Ogurtsova, M. N. Sivalneva, Valeria V. Strokova, and P. Zhao. "Specifics of Structure Formation of Cement Stone with Silica Raw Material - A Substrate of Photocatalytic Composite Material." Materials Science Forum 1017 (January 2021): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1017.153.
Анотація:
The increasing urbanization of urban areas poses the challenge of the development of materials capable of self-cleaning from organic pollutants formed. Previous papers substantiated the possibility of the coating of titanium oxide as the main agent of the photocatalytic method of cleaning structural materials on silica raw materials in order to increase the degree of its distribution in the volume of cement matrix and, as a result, increase its efficiency.It is obvious that a silica substrate will affect the processes of structure formation during hardening of a cement matrix. During the research, the processes of phase transformations of cement stone modified with silica raw materials of natural and technogenic origin were studied. As a result, the influence of siliceous modifiers on the strength characteristics of the cement stone was determined, which allowed ranking them according to the degree of decrease in efficiency as follows: technogenic raw materials; natural raw materials of silicate composition; natural raw materials of aluminosilicate composition. Quantitative assessments of the degree of efficiency showed the irrationality of using aluminosilicate composition as a silica modifier of natural raw materials, which is explained by its low pozzolanic activity.
21
Nelyubova, Viktoriya V., Yulia N. Ogurtsova, M. N. Sivalneva, Valeria V. Strokova, and P. Zhao. "Specifics of Structure Formation of Cement Stone with Silica Raw Material - A Substrate of Photocatalytic Composite Material." Materials Science Forum 1017 (January 2021): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1017.153.
Анотація:
The increasing urbanization of urban areas poses the challenge of the development of materials capable of self-cleaning from organic pollutants formed. Previous papers substantiated the possibility of the coating of titanium oxide as the main agent of the photocatalytic method of cleaning structural materials on silica raw materials in order to increase the degree of its distribution in the volume of cement matrix and, as a result, increase its efficiency.It is obvious that a silica substrate will affect the processes of structure formation during hardening of a cement matrix. During the research, the processes of phase transformations of cement stone modified with silica raw materials of natural and technogenic origin were studied. As a result, the influence of siliceous modifiers on the strength characteristics of the cement stone was determined, which allowed ranking them according to the degree of decrease in efficiency as follows: technogenic raw materials; natural raw materials of silicate composition; natural raw materials of aluminosilicate composition. Quantitative assessments of the degree of efficiency showed the irrationality of using aluminosilicate composition as a silica modifier of natural raw materials, which is explained by its low pozzolanic activity.
22
Khovrat, Artem, Denys Teslenko, Nural Нурал, and Valentyna Kyriy. "THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR IRRATIONAL COMPONENT OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY IN SPECIFIC MARKETS." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 2 (24) (August 5, 2023): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2023.24.221.
Анотація:
The subject matter of the article is the theoretical-methodical and applied principles of behavioural economics and their implementation in Ukrainian society. The goal of the work is to analyse the theory of irrationality in the economic context to find out what its character is in modern Ukrainian conditions, as well as to confirm the main paradoxes inherent in the individual’s decision-making behaviour. The following tasks were solved in the article: highlighting important aspects of the theory of irrationality for experimental analysis; determination of the methodology of experiments based on internationally recognized works; proposing a hypothesis regarding Ukrainian realities; conducting experiments according to the proposed methodology to test the proposed hypotheses and systematize the obtained results. The following methods are used: analytical and inductive methods for determining the set of behavioural experiments and building hypotheses regarding their results; experimental method and method of mathematical processing to check the presence of selected behavioural deviations in Ukraine. The following results were obtained: it was determined that in Ukrainian society there is a difference between the degree of individualistic attitudes in different age groups; determined change in the perception of information of different generations as a result of more significant digitization of the young population; a higher tendency of children to risk for certain conditions is determined; the similarity of the obtained results of the experiments with the global ones are established and the impact of technologies on the economic behaviour of individuals and the peculiarities caused by the historical context and expanded access to information, in general, are determined. Conclusions: the use of analytical and inductive methods in combination with an experimental approach confirmed the existence of some of the classic behavioural patterns for modern Ukrainian society, in particular: the Allais paradox, the effect of bounded rationality, the effect of joining the majority, the effect of ownership and asymmetric dominance. In addition, based on the obtained results, it was determined that for Ukraine there is a significant difference between the nature of irrationality in different age groups, however, the postulation of this statement beyond the selected target groups requires additional research, as well as consideration of the context of other market entities.
23
Santarpia, Ferdinando Paolo, Emma Bodoasca, Giulia Cantonetti, Donato Ferri, and Laura Borgogni. "Linking Irrational Beliefs with Well-Being at Work: The Role of Fulfilling Performance Expectations." Sustainability 15, no. 23 (November 30, 2023): 16463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316463.
Анотація:
This study explored the association between irrational beliefs—i.e., rigid, unrealistic, and illogical convictions that people hold—and well-being at work. In detail, we tested whether secondary irrational beliefs (i.e., self-depreciation, low frustration tolerance, and awfulizing) displayed both common and unique associations with well-being. Furthermore, we investigated whether the perceived degree of performance expectations’ fulfillment mediate such associations. Data were collected on a sample of 3576 employees from companies providing business and consulting services. Results showed that the general irrationality factor and awfulizing were negatively associated with well-being, both directly and indirectly (via a lower degree of performance expectations’ fulfillment). Low frustration tolerance was positively related with the performance expectations’ fulfillment, which, in turn, fully mediated its association with well-being. Self-depreciation did not relate to our outcomes. The study contributes to the advancement of irrational beliefs literature as it is the first to disentangle the common and unique associations they have with well-being at work and identified the perceived fulfillment of performance expectations as a relevant mediating mechanism in the workplace. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
24
Hu, Yining, and Guoniu Wei-Han. "On the automaticity of sequences defined by the Thue–Morse and period-doubling Stieltjes continued fractions." International Journal of Number Theory 16, no. 10 (August 21, 2020): 2187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042120501134.
Анотація:
Continued fraction expansions of automatic numbers have been extensively studied during the last few decades. The research interests are, on one hand, in the degree or automaticity of the partial quotients following the seminal paper of Baum and Sweet in 1976, and on the other hand, in calculating the Hankel determinants and irrationality exponents, as one can find in the works of Allouche–Peyrière–Wen–Wen, Bugeaud, and the first author. This paper is motivated by the converse problem: to study Stieltjes continued fractions whose coefficients form an automatic sequence. We consider two such continued fractions defined by the Thue–Morse and period-doubling sequences, respectively, and prove that they are congruent to algebraic series in [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text]. Consequently, the sequences of the coefficients of the power series expansions of the two continued fractions modulo [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-automatic.
25
Hadi Al Tukmagi, Haydar Fakhri. "Prescribing Pattern and Rational use of Drugs in Al-Basrah Governorate Retail Pharmacies, Iraq." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v13i1.192.
Анотація:
This study was designed to investing the drug prescribing pattern, the important factor to determine the rational or irrational use of drugs among patients dispensing their prescriptions from the private pharmacies in Al-Basrah governorate, Iraq for a period of 1 month.The data collected from prescriptions were calculated and analyzed according to the WHO prescribing guidelines.The data showed that the mean of drugs included in single prescription was 4%, and 13% of prescribed drugs were written as generic names; moreover, the percentage of antibiotics,corticosteroids and anxiolytics were 45.7%, 12% and 19.3% respectively. Those results indicate the irrationality of prescribing drugs when compared with the world health organization standard values of prescribing indicators; in addition to the bad prescribing pattern regardless of the degree of specialization of the physician, were 61% of those prescriptions have been written by specialized physicians.In conclusion, actual intervention and follow up, training on rational use of drugs and intervention strategies for prescribers is required to improve the rational use of drugs.
26
Imtiyaz Bisati, Azhar, Prof S. M. Imamul Haque, Umer Jon Ganai, and Ishfaq Gulzar. "Decision Making in Financial Markets: A Thematic Review and Discussion." Journal of Business Strategy Finance and Management 3, no. 1-2 (December 28, 2021): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/jbsfm.03.01-02.06.
Анотація:
Financial decision making is generally characterized by high degree of risk, uncertainty as well as complexity. Decision making in financial markets takes under consideration a stack of factors including personal, technical and situational factors and above all it necessitates an understanding of human instinct on the top of financial skills. In the broad arena of literature, research studies have proposed two primary themes of decision making-one is the rational approach and the another one is irrational or bounded rationality approach. Rational world presupposes being reasonable in every aspect and making unbiased decisions. Irrationality approach contents that investor behaviour is driven by emotions even if they are well informed. This research paper by using the relevant literature in the field of behavioural decision making and investor psychology, provides an overview of these two distinctive academic doctrines, which clears the way-out that how in actual world people undertake their decision making. Furthermore, this research paper reviews how behavioural biases can lead to errors in investment decision making.
27
Marcus, George E., Sandra L. Wood, and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse. "Linking Neuroscience to Political Intolerance and Political Judgment." Politics and the Life Sciences 17, no. 2 (September 1998): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400012144.
Анотація:
There is substantial evidence that intolerance arises from perceptions of difference. A prevailing view holds that even if intolerance is understandable as a defense mechanism, or as an attitude intended to ward off threatening groups and noxious activities, it often is the result of human irrationality and indulgence of prejudice. This conclusion is supported by studies that seem to demonstrate the apparent irrelevance of the actual level of threat to levels of intolerance. These studies show human actions attendant to diversity are caused by established convictions (i.e., prejudice) rather than by the degree of threat. However, informed by theoretical approaches provided by neuroscientists, we report findings that threat is, indeed, a provocative factor that modifies political tolerance in predictable ways. Previous studies defined threat as probabilistic assessments of the likelihood of bad events. When threat is defined as novelty and normative violations (i.e., as departures from expected, or normal, occurrence), then consistent relationships to intolerance are obtained.
28
Zanin, Fabio. "Natural Order and Mathematical Imagination. The Use of Quoting Sapientia 11–21 in Oresme’s Works." ORGANON 54 (June 13, 2022): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/00786500.org.22.001.15663.
Анотація:
Nicole Oresme quotes four times the passage from The Book of Wisdom (Wisdom of Solomon) or, in the Vulgate, Sapientia 11–21 (omnia in mensura et numero et pondere disposuisti), in several works covering his whole career. It goes to show the importance he gives to that passage: the order of nature arranged by God limits natural potencies within boundaries from which harmony follows, and at the same time it marks for man the path to perfection. But the human mind can know the natural order only to a certain degree of probability, as it results from De commensurabilitate. After all, it makes it possible to glimpse a more varied and complex order that one can imagine. Thus harmony results from a wise mixture of rationality and irrationality. From the point of view of his use of the passage of Sapientia 11–21, the skeptical Oresme appears as a scholar in search for a new synthesis, beyond that of mediaeval philosophy.
29
Rasheed, Muhammad Haroon, Amir Rafique, Tayyaba Zahid, and Muhammad Waqar Akhtar. "Factors influencing investor’s decision making in Pakistan." Review of Behavioral Finance 10, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-05-2016-0028.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look at the impact of two most commonly used heuristics, namely, representative bias and availability bias on investment decision making and to check that either locus of control interact with the said relations through theoretical proposal and then verification through empirical evidence. Design/methodology/approach The study is a quantitative research using a survey questionnaire for its data collection. Data are collected from 227 investors operating at Islamabad, Lahore, and Sargodha in Pakistan and analyzed using structural equation modeling while the interaction effect is analyzed through simple linear regression following the rules set by Baron and Kenny (1986). Findings The results reveal that both of the heuristics under study significantly cause investors to deviate from rational decision making while the locus of control have no significant moderating effect. Originality/value The proposed model provides insight on how the behavioral factors can lead investors to suboptimal decision making. This study is first of its kind to quantify the degree of irrationality caused by these factors. The findings of this study are practically useful for individual investors, investment managers, and also for policy makers.
30
Shutters, Shade T. "Punishment Leads to Cooperative Behavior in Structured Societies." Evolutionary Computation 20, no. 2 (June 2012): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00062.
Анотація:
Altruistic punishment occurs when an agent incurs a cost to punish another but receives no material benefit for doing so. Despite the seeming irrationality of such behavior, humans in laboratory settings routinely pay to punish others even in anonymous, one-shot settings. Costly punishment is ubiquitous among social organisms in general and is increasingly accepted as a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation. Yet if it is true that punishment explains cooperation, the evolution of altruistic punishment remains a mystery. In a series of computer simulations I give agents the ability to punish one another while playing a continuous prisoner's dilemma. In simulations without social structure, expected behavior evolves—agents do not punish and consequently no cooperation evolves. Likewise, in simulations with social structure but no ability to punish, no cooperation evolves. However, in simulations where agents are both embedded in a social structure and have the option to inflict costly punishment, cooperation evolves quite readily. This suggests a simple and broadly applicable explanation of cooperation for social organisms that have nonrandom social structure and a predisposition to punish one another. Results with scale-free networks further suggest that nodal degree distribution plays an important role in determining whether cooperation will evolve in a structured population.
31
Zhou, Shengyu. "Do Investors Repeat History: Evidence from Post-pandemic Pharmaceuticals Industry." BCP Business & Management 38 (March 2, 2023): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.3759.
Анотація:
The pharmaceuticals industry in China has boomed because of the outbreak of COVID-19, but investors’ overreaction brings it to a sharp volatility. With the time going on, the pandemic has been well controlled recently, and investors have developed a deeper perception of it, thus the situation becomes different. However, few researchers move their attention to problems in the post-pandemic world: how the pharmaceuticals industry perform now and whether investors learn something from the history. These problems do make sense as they are more related to what people face of the moment. By building VAR and ARMA-GARCH-X model, this research conducts a time series analysis on these topics in the post-pandemic background. Since the series are stationary after some processing and the models pass strict test, some reliable conclusions are reached. It is found that the pharmaceuticals industry is less affected by COVID-19 nowadays as the pandemic has been normalized. What’s more, although investors repeat history, the degree of their irrationality is mitigated, indicating that history lessons at least leave some positive impacts on investors’ behaviors. Such conclusions suggest that policy makers should carry out hedging measures to reduce possible overreactions, and that investors should not follow the trend blindly, or the bubble will burst at any time.
32
Troyanskaya, A. I., and M. I. Prasolov. "THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR IN THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UNDER THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION CONDITIONS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-1-88-94.
Анотація:
Modern conditions are characterized by an increase in the processes of digital transformation in all spheres of public life. It seems promising to use the latest software solutions to optimize personnel management processes. Automated HRM systems are able to minimize or eliminate erroneous actions due to the influence of the human factor at a large manufacturing enterprise, such as AO “OMZ” (JTS “OMP”). As a result of a series of interviews, questionnaires and analysis of personnel statistics, it was revealed that erroneous actions are associated with irrationality of backup copy, "disappearance" of documents, downtime due to incorrect database management. Psychological reasons of erroneous actions of employees are fixed. It is proposed to reduce the costs associated with the elimination of the consequences of these actions. At the same time, it does not mean full automation of communication processes in the organization. It is concluded that the distribution of functions in the man-machine-environment system should be dynamic with the ability to consciously adjust the degree of automation. Today, it is reflexive modernization that is in demand. Conscious modernity requires a personal self-identify, to develop an attitude to the social environment, the industrial environment, the objective world. The self-reflection on the personal place and role in the ongoing innovations is needed. It is extremely important to preserve the becoming fragile human relationships and the genuinely human manifestations.
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Kaminski, Andreas. "Potential expectations of biotechnologies: A model for the analysis of conflicts about new technologies." Filozofija i drustvo 26, no. 3 (2015): 519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1503519k.
Анотація:
Debates on new technologies commonly seem to be irrational. In an even higher degree this might be true for the expectations that are evoked by recent biotechnologies. A typical constellation is like this: While A expresses fears (more precisely: angst) concerning a new technology, those fears are taken up to be absurd by B. And while B criticizes that A?s scenarios lack a realistic basis, A complains about not being taken serious. Thus the conflicting parties accuse each other of behaving irrational (?why can they not understand what is so obvious?) or even malicious (?they actually do not try to?). This article deals with this mutual suspicion of irrationality and provides an explanation focusing on structural reasons for conflicts of that kind. An explanation is reached on the basis of a model that describes the genesis of expectations regarding technological potentials. These expectations are concerned with the anticipation that a technology has the power to fundamentally change our life. Based on this model a different examination of discourses on technologies is possible: The existence of structurally different levels of communication about technology is demonstrated - plus that the levels themselves can stay undiscovered by the conflicting groups due to structural reasons. And as the levels in communication remain concealed the impression of a slippery slope of rationality prevails.
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Zhang, Rongxin, Lvjiang Yin, Jing Jia, and Yuanxing Yin. "Application of ATS-GWIFBM Operator Based on Improved Time Entropy in Green Building Projects." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3519195.
Анотація:
For decision-making on the attributes and time weights existing in a dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy environment, a new ATS-generalized weighted intuitionistic fuzzy Bonferroni mean operator MADM model based on dynamic comprehensive time entropy and an ATS-generalized weighted intuitionistic fuzzy Bonferroni mean operator was established by taking into consideration the intrinsic correlations between attributes. An intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrix with the same time sequence was integrated into the model. According to the idea of “laying more stress on the present than on the past,” a time sequence weight considering both the subjective preferences and the objective information of samples was obtained to overcome the irrationality of subjective value assignment on existing time sequence weight and ideal time weighting. Based on dynamic comprehensive time entropy, the model not only reflects the degree of importance attached to the latest data but also gives consideration to the subjective preferences of decision-makers in order to set a new vector for time sequence weight. The dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy weighted operator was used to conduct aggregation to obtain a dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy comprehensive value, and the obtained results are sorted by the sorting function of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The best alternative was selected and applied to a case study on green building project selection. The results indicate that the proposed method is comprehensive, scientific, and feasible.
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Park, Jongho. "U.S. Monetary Policy and Investor Reactions: Korean Evidence." Institute of Management and Economy Research 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.13.4.202212.135.
Анотація:
Purpose - The primary objective of this article is to investigate the impact of U.S. monetary policy on institutional / individual / foreign investor reactions in the Korean stock market.
Design/methodology/approach - This study employs a high frequency event study methodology to identify U.S. monetary policy shocks and quantify the impact of identified shocks on investor reactions. The dependent variable in the regression model is net stock purchase, while the explanatory variables are U.S. monetary policy shocks. The model is estimated for the period 2000-2019, including 156 FOMC meetings.
Findings - Foreign investors immediately sell stocks in response to contractionary U.S. monetary shocks. They do not, however, react to anticipated changes in monetary policy rates, confirming the rationality of foreign investors. Individual investors demonstrate the opposite response, indicating that a non-trivial proportion of individual investors are irrational.
Research implications or Originality - This study adds to the current literature on the effect of U.S. monetary policy on the Korean stock market. This study demonstrates a heterogeneous response to U.S. monetary policy shocks, validating the rational investment behavior of foreign investors, while individual investors exhibit a certain degree of irrationality. Methodologically, this study adds to the literature by quantifying the impact of U.S. monetary policy employing a sharper identification method allowing a simple and consistent estimation.
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Almeida Leite, R., E. Conde, T. Queirós Santos, M. Almeida, T. Azevedo Santos, and A. Mesquita Figueiredo. "Obsessive Versus Delusional Jealousy: Destruction in a Form of Creation – A Review." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1966.
Анотація:
IntroductionJealousy is a complex emotional state and some degree is considered normal in mature love, but when does it become destructive in a relationship? There's a thin line between what is normal and what is pathologic. Pathological jealousy differs from normal by its intensity and irrationality. Obsessive and delusional jealousies are different types of pathological jealousy, difficult to distinguish, which is important, since they have different treatment. Despite the differences, both result in significant distress and carry the risk of homicide/suicide, so it's a matter deserving the psychiatrists’ attention.ObjectiveExplore the psychopathological differences between obsessive and delusional jealousy and list the characteristics and difficulties in the approach to pathological jealousy.MethodsThe results were obtained searching literature included on the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms.ResultsDelusional jealousy is characterized by strong and false beliefs that the partner is unfaithful. Individuals with obsessive jealousy suffer from unpleasant and irrational jealous ruminations that the partner could be unfaithful, accompanied by compulsive checking of partners’ behavior. This jealousy resembles obsessive-compulsive phenomenology and should be treated with SSRIs and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Delusional jealousy is a psychotic disorder and should be treated with antipsychotics.ConclusionThe common issue in pathological jealousy is the problem of adherence to treatment and bad prognosis. In order to achieve better treatment outcomes, we should follow-up the patient regularly. One key factor is to explore the psychopathology and motivate the sufferer for the proper pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, trying to reduce the suffering caused by ideas of unfaithfulness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Bryan, Jenny. "Philosophy." Greece and Rome 67, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383519000305.
Анотація:
G. E. R. Lloyd's economically persuasive study addresses the question of the universalism or relativism of rationality. Drawing careful comparisons, primarily between ancient Greek and Chinese thought, but also more widely, Lloyd introduces a range of disciplinary perspectives and specific points of focus. In doing so, he challenges his reader to think critically about their own assumptions and concepts. In particular, he asks us to consider the degree to which our own broad concepts, especially oppositions such as between rationality and irrationality, are themselves informed by their derivation from ancient Greek thought. His first chapter (‘Aims and Methods’) introduces his central commitments. Rationality and irrationality are not universal across societies in such a way that they can be judged by a single set of criteria. But nor are they just cultural constructs, so that the possibility of mutual intelligibility collapses. The truth lies somewhere in between, in the recognition of the heterogeneity to be identified in what is shared across cultures. Lloyd argues that ancient China is a particularly useful foil for a consideration of these questions, since it provides a perspective from beyond the reach of the Graeco-Roman legacy. His subtle middle road is further supported by his second chapter (‘Rationality Reviewed’), which summarizes some influential accounts of rationality and considers the ‘state of play’ across a variety of disciplines, including palaeontology, child development, and psychology, all of which present evidence of continuities between societies. The next four chapters approach the question of the diversity and commonality of reason from a range of perspectives, including cosmology, metaphysics, language, epistemology, and religion. In the case of cosmology, for example, Lloyd argues that we can identify a difference between the Greeks’ tendency to focus on the thing that is ‘Nature’, and the Chinese interest in natural phenomena and processes, absent a concept of ‘Nature’ itself. He is careful to note the difficulty of generalizing across all Greek or all Chinese thinkers. We can, however, identify a significantly similar belief in the two societies: that understanding the cosmos matters for the sake of the life you live as a result of that knowledge. In the case of the binary ‘Seeming and Being’ (as discussed in Chapter 4), Lloyd argues that the Chinese shared with the Greeks an awareness that appearances can be deceptive. However, their conception of the fundamental binary yin and yang is one of interdependence rather than sharp differentiation, such as we sometimes see in Greek thought between Being and Becoming. Throughout the volume, Lloyd argues for the need to recognize both the similarities and the differences identified as a result of careful comparative study. He ends with a recommendation for his readers to reconsider the universal applicability of certain key Western concepts, without resorting to a claim that it is impossible to recognize or communicate similarities. We must, he suggests, work from a position that demonstrates ‘due recognition both of the commonalities in human cognitive capacities, and of the differences in their deployment’ (96).
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Correia, Luis Claudio, João Ricardo Pinto Lopes, Flávia Barreto Garcez, Edmond Le Campion, Guilherme Barcellos, and José Augusto Barreto-Filho. "Physicians’ preference towards the non-evidence based hydroxychloroquine treatment for COVID-19: the pandemic effect." Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 2, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2675-021xevidence.v2i1.3014.
Анотація:
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether there is a "pandemic effect" promoting irrational medical reasoning. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Setting state medical councils were asked to send all registered physicians two sequential email invitations to complete a Google Form questionnaire. Between April 15 and May 3, 2020, 370 doctors answered our questionnaire with questions about the prescription of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 and vitamin C for sepsis. The questionnaire had a five-point Likert scale (greater number, greater support) on the degree of propensity to prescribe the medication and a binary question (yes or no) to express the doctor's final decision to prescribe. These two questions, in the same order, were asked for scenarios of mild, moderate and severe cases. RESULTS: The propensity to prescribe hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 increased with the severity of the clinical presentation: for mild cases, 37% (95% CI 32%-42%) of the physicians chose "yes", increasing to 68% (95% CI 63%-72%) and 89% (95% CI 85%-92%) for moderate or severe cases, respectively (Cochran's Q test: P<0.001). The medians and interquartile ranges of the Likert scales for hydroxychloroquine were 2 (1-4), 4 (2-4), 4 (4-5) in mild, moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 (Friedman test: P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The propensity of the Brazilian physician to prescribe hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 is high and, according to the severity of the disease, ranged from 37 to 89%. On the contrary, the propensity to prescribe vitamin C for sepsis, a non-pandemic situation, was lower and not associated with clinical severity. Our data suggest a "pandemic effect" promoting irrationality in medical reasoning.
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Rossolatos, George. "Consumed by the real." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 21, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-10-2016-0091.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper furnishes an inaugural reading of abjective consumption by drawing on Kristeva’s psychoanalytic theory of abjection within the wider terrain of consumer cultural research. It offers a conceptual framework that rests on three pillars, viz. irrationality, meaninglessness, dissolution of selfhood. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research design that adopts a documentary ethnographic approach, by drawing on a corpus of 50 documentary episodes from the TV series “My Strange Addiction” and “Freaky Eaters”. Findings The findings from this analysis point to different orders of mediatized discourse that are simultaneously operative in different actors’ frames (e.g. moralizing, medical), in Goffman’s terms, yet none of which attains to address the phenomenon of abjective consumption to its full-blown extent. Research limitations/implications Although some degree of bias is bound to be inherent in the data because of their pre-recorded status, they are particularly useful not in the least because this is a “difficult sample” in qualitative methodological terms. Practical implications The multi-order dimensionalization of abjective consumption opens up new vistas to marketers in terms of adding novel dimensions to the message structure of their communicative programs, in line with the three Lacanian orders. Social implications The adoption of a consumer psychoanalytic perspective allows significant others to fully dimensionalize the behavior of abjective consumption subjects, by becoming sensitive to other than symbolic aspects that are endemic in consumer behavior. Originality/value This paper contributes to the extant consumer cultural research literature by furnishing the novel conceptual framework of abjective consumption, as a further elaboration of my consumer psychoanalytic approach to jouissance consumption, as well as by contrasting this interpretive frame vis-à-vis dominant discursive regimes.
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NIKIFOROV, ALEXANDER. "ONTOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF REFLECTION ON RISK: RISK SOCIETY AND DIGITALIZATION." Political Expertise: POLITEX 18, no. 4 (2022): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2022.409.
Анотація:
Given publication raises the question of the role of reflection on risk in the formation of political space and relations of various actors. The author starts from the Hobbesian problem of the social order to define the role of the state in the formation of the space of certainty/security. For this purpose reflection on risk is considered as an ontological principle, that allows political subjects to create a boundary between stabilized knowledge as a valid present and uncertainty as an area of the future with multiple outcomes. The analysis determines various theoretical implications and concepts as a way for understanding the mechanisms of reflection on risk in the practices of various political actors and their relationships (state institutions, social movements, citizens, etc.). In this regard, the author considers the paradigm of cosmopolitanism to determine the possibilities to explore political dimension of risk. The analysis of specific events such as public conflicts and catastrophes makes it possible to identify the limitations of risk control imposed by the state and to determine the level of mass consciousness as a space and a source of multiple risk reflection, which is new could be related with contemporary political populism, irrationality and the actualization of conspiracy narratives as one of the ways to identify and stabilize perceived group or individual risks. The processes of digitalization themselves are considered as a way to reduce risk by managing it through the determination of attributes/characteristics of objects. On the other hand, digital communication is defined as a new way of existence of publicity, expanding opportunities for reflexivity due to the universal connectivity and fragmentation of audiences united by the perception of risk. This determines the possibilities for evaluation of the deflation of governance as risk/knowledge management and the degree of the gap in risk perception among various actors.
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Yoshihara, Hisao. "On the degrees of irrationality of hyperelliptic surfaces." Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series A, Mathematical Sciences 72, no. 3 (1996): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3792/pjaa.72.59.
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TATARINTSEV, Vladimir, Leonid TATARINTSEV, Saule MAKENOVA, and Maria SHOSTAK. "GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LANDSCAPES AS A BASIS FOR ORGANIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRARIAN LAND USE." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-4-485-496.
Анотація:
Contemporary agricultural land use is highly impacted be the factors causing its degradation. That is particularly in evidence on those agricultural lands that are in the zone of risky farming with the conjoint exposure of the above factors. This zone includes the arid steppe of the Altai Krai occupying the area of more than 2,4 million hectares, which is of great importance concerning agriculture not only for the territorial subject of the Russian Federation, but also for the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole. To implement the priorities outlined in contemporary strategic regulatory documents and programs concerning the development of land resources, it is necessary to analyze them on a regular basis, identify natural and anthropogenic markers (restrictions) that affect their effective and rational implementation, as well as to model and manage the territory. In this paper assessment of the climatic, geobotanical and soil characteristics of the arid steppe territory of the Altai Krai has been taken, highlighting the features in municipal areas. An analysis of the use of agricultural lands in the dry steppe pointed out the irrationality of their use and the instability of the territory depending on various factors. Blowing has been found on absolutely all agricultural lands of the zone and is the main limiting factor on them. Therefore, the agroecological zoning of the territory, considered in this paper, and developed on the basis of the conducted agroecological assessment, systematizes the prospective effective use of agricultural land. Seven land groups and fifteen subgroups have been identified. Within the subgroups, classes, ranks, genera and subgroups have been outlined. While identifying agroecological groups of lands, the transformation of the land fund structure within administrative regions, the structure of cultivated areas and the system of crop rotation has been conducted. It is pointed out that measures of agricultural landscapes optimization will provide an increase in employment, the level of profitability per unit area, the increasing volume of natural capital, the increasing volume of agricultural production, while reducing the degree of development of blowing processes, thereby affecting the sustainability of agricultural land use.
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Pashkovsky, E. A. "The Relevance of E. Fromm's Ideas about Sane Society in 2020." Discourse 6, no. 5 (November 30, 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-5-51-61.
Анотація:
Introduction. The paper discusses E. Fromm's ideas about human mental health, his social needs and society, which promotes and at the same time prevents the maximum disclosure of a person's potential in accordance with his or her nature. In contrast to sociological relativism, Fromm substantiates the position of normative humanism, according to which, when examining a person's paths to happiness, one should analyze, first of all, the mental health of society, and not a person, consider how a particular social system contributes to the productive solution of the problems facing a person. The purpose of the paper is to assess the degree of relevance of Fromm's ideas about a healthy society in2020 in accordance with the realities of our time. Scientific novelty is determined by the small number of similar studies in contemporary Russian sociology.Methodology and sources. The paper uses the approach of normative humanism proposed by Fromm. Psychoanalysis, socio-psychological traditions of behaviorism and cognitivism are also used.Results and discussion. A human, according to Fromm, has a dual nature: he or her is no longer an animal, and even for full mental health, and even more so, for feelings of selfrealization and happiness, it is not enough for him or her to just satisfy biological needs, following instincts. Having lost harmony with nature and at the same time remaining a part of it, having received reason and awareness of his or her own life, he or she at the same time acquires the need to resolve the contradictions of the existence. They express basic social needs that can be addressed in a more or less productive way: involvement as opposed to narcissism, overcoming and creativity as opposed to destructiveness, rootedness and brotherhood as opposed to incest, a sense of identity and individuality as opposed to herd conformism, the need for an orientation system: reason versus irrationality. In modern Fromm's Western society, market capitalism is increasingly penetrating into everyday relations between people, forming orientations towards an unproductive solution to the problem of human existence. In modern society, this trend continues unabated, making Fromm's conclusions and recommendations no less relevant than a few decades ago.Conclusion. Due to the widespread use of the Internet and social networks, the development of mass social movements with radical views on everyday life, strengthening the aggressive manner of communication, the preservation of pre-existing contradictions between representatives of national and other groups, modern society contributes to maintaining a “market” approach to human relations. Under such conditions, the disclosure of a person's potential in accordance with his or her nature is difficult, nevertheless, everyone has the opportunity, critically referring to social stereotypes, and mastering the art of thinking really rationally, to strive for happiness.
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Pang, Zhao Hui, Cai Hong Peng, and Yong Zhong Zhu. "Remediation of Groundwater Polluted by Nitrate Nitrogen in the Rural Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.606.
Анотація:
Groundwater is always one of the main source of drinking water. But due to the vast use of nitrogenous fertilizer and irrationally discharge or utilization of animal wastes, domestic sewage and nitrogen-contained industrial waste drainage, the groundwater in the rural area is seriously polluted by Nitrate to varied degree.
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Lindahl, Karl-Olof, and Juan Rivera-Letelier. "Optimal cycles in ultrametric dynamics and minimally ramified power series." Compositio Mathematica 152, no. 1 (September 7, 2015): 187–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x15007575.
Анотація:
We study ultrametric germs in one variable having an irrationally indifferent fixed point at the origin with a prescribed multiplier. We show that for many values of the multiplier, the cycles in the unit disk of the corresponding monic quadratic polynomial are ‘optimal’ in the following sense: they minimize the distance to the origin among cycles of the same minimal period of normalized germs having an irrationally indifferent fixed point at the origin with the same multiplier. We also give examples of multipliers for which the corresponding quadratic polynomial does not have optimal cycles. In those cases we exhibit a higher-degree polynomial such that all of its cycles are optimal. The proof of these results reveals a connection between the geometric location of periodic points of ultrametric power series and the lower ramification numbers of wildly ramified field automorphisms. We also give an extension of Sen’s theorem on wildly ramified field automorphisms, and a characterization of minimally ramified power series in terms of the iterative residue.
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Teterin, V. S., N. S. Panferov, and S. A. Pekhnov. "Development of a Distributor Disc for Mineral Fertilizers With Variable Application Rate." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 16, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2022-16-4-38-44.
Анотація:
Most of the cultivated fields in Russia are acknowledged to have irregular contours, therefore mineral fertilizers are applied irrationally at the field boundaries. To eliminate this problem, the manufacturers of solid mineral fertilizer spreaders offer several technological solutions: in most cases, the application area is limited by changing the granule flight path. (Research purpose) To develop a distributor disc for a variable application area to use in mineral fertilizer spreaders equipped with variable rate application systems. (Materials and methods) The trajectory for applying mineral fertilizer granules was estimated depending on the bend angle of the distributor disk blade. We designed 3D disk models with a variable blade bend angle from 0 to 25 degrees, which were uploaded into the RealFlow program for the subsequent simulation of solid mineral fertilizer distribution. (Results and discussion) The coordinates were obtained for mineral fertilizer granules that dropped from the disk and landed on the surface. We built graphs of the mineral fertilizer distribution on the field surface. It was found out that changing the bend angle of the distributor disc blade within a 20-degree range makes it possible to vary the granule flight path within 10 meters of width and 8 meters of length, respectively. We developed a design of a mineral fertilizer distributor disk with an adjustable application rate. (Conclusions) A disk design was proposed for a smooth change in the blade bend angle within up to 25 degrees, which will allow the use of this system in conjunction with automated rate application systems, improve the distribution accuracy of solid mineral fertilizers and ameliorants in the boundary, edge and wedge-shaped sections of fields.
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Tang, Bao-Jun, Kun-Ben Lin, Jing-Bo Huang, and Hung-Wen Lin. "The Hesitation of Anxious Traders in an Agent-Based Model." Complexity 2022 (October 14, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5302302.
Анотація:
Anxiety prevails in financial markets. In accordance with psychological research, anxious traders’ hesitant behavior differs from the frequently dissected herding and speculative behaviors. This paper examines the interactions between agent anxiety and price inertia in an artificial financial market. We incorporate an evolutionary mechanism to analyze the strategic benefit of the boundedly rational anxious agent. According to our simulation results, deviations in asset prices from their fundamentals increase with the behavioral hesitation of the anxious agent. The investment rigidity from the anxious agent’s lack of confidence mitigates the possibility of price reversal. Moreover, the average strategic benefit of the anxious agent is close to zero. To ensure the reliability of our finding, we further include the irrationality of the anxious agent in our evolutionary setting. Such an endeavor again demonstrates that the strategic benefit of the fundamentalist agent is inferior to that of the anxious agent. Since the anxious agent is characterized by an intolerance for uncertainty, we also investigate the artificial market under various degrees of risk aversion. We perceive that it is less possible for price reversal to emerge when considering higher levels of hesitation. The behavioral hesitation of the anxious agent enables the agent to cleverly evade the risk raised by the speculator.
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Astafurova, Tatyana, and Andrey Olyanich. "Semiolinguistics of Protective Communication." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (November 2019): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.3.14.
Анотація:
The current paper investigates the notion of protective communication represented by systems of signs, texts, rituals which the authors regard as means of neutralizing cognitive constructs, generated by phobias of varying degrees of irrationality. Classification of phobias on psycho- and sociolinguistic grounds allows developing their typology from the point of view of the cause of their origin: supernatural entities (superstition), individual fearful images (prejudice), social suspicion (bias). As the study showed, sacred horror caused by destructive forces of nature, climatic phenomena not subjected to man, and astronomical events gave rise to supernatural, esoteric phobias reflected in superstitions. Biological phobias appeared in response to real dangers, associated with daily human activities, personal imaginary troubles and fears, which generated a system of prejudice invented by man himself. Social interaction of people, with its negative stereotyping and categorization of social space, entailed a wide range of phobias (racial, religious, age, gender, etc,) which turned into social biases. On his way of development, a man tried hard to find protection against phobias of different nature, creating an extensive system of protective means incorporated in religious, magical and intolerant types of discourse, consequently neutralizing superstitions, prejudices and biases in specific genres, verbal and non-verbal signs, texts and rituals of the above mentioned types of discourse.
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Baurmann, Michael. "Rational Fundamentalism? An Explanatory Model of Fundamentalist Beliefs." Episteme 4, no. 2 (June 2007): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/epi.2007.4.2.150.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThe article sketches a theoretical model which explains how it is possible that fundamentalist beliefs can emerge as a result of an individual rational adaptation to the context of special living conditions. The model is based on the insight that most of our knowledge is acquired by trusting the testimony of some kind of authority. If a social group is characterized by a high degree of mistrust towards the outer society or other groups, then the members of this group will rely solely on the authorities of their own group for their acquisition of knowledge. In this way they can adopt a corpus of beliefs which may seem absurd from an external point of view. However, they may be locked in a “fundamentalist equilibrium” in which particularistic trust, common sense plausibility, epistemic seclusion, social isolation and fundamentalist beliefs are mutually reinforcing - and in which individuals who adopt the “fundamentalist truths” of their group do not behave more irrationally than individuals in an open society who accept the “enlightened” worldview of their culture.
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Dantas, Diego Fonseca. "The MESP and the postmodern rustic ideology of the ultra-right." Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, no. 2 (February 9, 2024): e3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n2-018.
Анотація:
The theme of this essay is the relationship ideology and education, and as a concrete object of support for this relationship, makes a critical review about the Movement Without Party School (MESP). Created in 2004 by the lawyer Miguel Urbano Nagib, the MESP is presented on social networks as "a joint initiative of students and parents concerned with the degree of political-ideological contamination of Brazilian schools, at all levels: from basic to higher education". The movement was created against the background of the political situation in the country, when a center-left party had come to executive power. It develops the idea that although the Tabaréo leadership of the Movimento Escola Sem Partido (Movement School Without Party) emerges as the main disseminator of anti-intellectual irrationalism in the country, on the hegemonic political-ideological plane its presence is equivalent to the actions guided by the cynical moralism of theologians-businessmen, organic journalists and astrologers-gurus to present as absolute truths anti-scientific nonsense, such as creationism and earth moving, in social networks and in traditional media. He considers that the influence and ideological penetration in the society of both are smaller than that of the financial-rentist educational conglomerates like Lemann, Ayrton Senna, Abril, Pythagoras/Kroton/Cogma, among others.