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Статті в журналах з теми "Dégradations des chaussées"
RECHE, Michel. "Effet des travaux d'entretien sur les lois d'évolution des dégradations de chaussées." Revue Française de Génie Civil 7, no. 1 (January 2003): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12795119.2003.9692481.
Повний текст джерелаRichard, Marc J., Guy Doré, Vladislav Vassev, and Nicolas Fradette. "Étude des conséquences de la détérioration de l’uni des chaussées sur le comportement des véhicules et la sécurité des usagers de la route." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 3 (March 2009): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-139.
Повний текст джерелаSIMONNOT, Thomas, and Fouad BOUYAHBAR. "La pathologie des chaussées - Processus de dégradation, causes et diagnostic." Vieillissement, pathologies et réhabilitation du bâtiment, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-c7300.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Dégradations des chaussées"
Manyo, Edem Yawo. "Modélisation avancée du contact pneu-chaussée pour l'étude des dégradations des chaussées en surface." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent appearance of new materials in road structures associated with surface layers thickness decreasing and the increasing of trucks loading and their passage frequency has led to new pathologies of degradation. In addition to the well-known rutting problems, top down cracking is now appearing as well as problems of decohesion at the interfaces. These new pathologies led to considerable expenditure on the entire network (around 15 billion euros per year), particularly in urbanized areas that are more prone to surface damage and do not make it possible to adequately estimate the lifetimes of the roadway, most often overestimated in current design methods. This doctoral work proposes a new approach of the tire-road contact allowing for better apprehend of the main and residual stresses in a bituminous pavement structure. Using a fast numerical tool based on a semi-analytical approach ("Semi-Analytical Methods" (SAM)), the precise geometry of the tire is integrated in order to obtain a real contact pressure distribution as well as surface shear on the pavement surface. Initially, an elastic tractive rolling contact model is implemented for simple theoretical cases and validated by analytical and numerical results from the literature.Then, this model is extended to take into account the elastoplastic behavior of the bodies in contact. This is compared to a numerical result based on the nite element method from the literature. The application for tire-pavement contact results, show a non-uniform distribution of stresses in the structure and mainly in the rst centimeters below the surface with much higher levels than can be predicted by current models that use a uniformly distributed load. The contact pressure is compared to the measurements made by a system called TekScan and the mechanical elds in sublayers are compared to those of Alizé-LCPC in the case of a simple structure. The surface shears are determined in the case of tractive rolling. An application is carried out on the modeling of surface pavement damage. Firstly, analyzes of the behavior of the surface pavement are carried out for a semi-innite semi-grit asphalt concrete layer supposed to be elastic, homogeneous under conditions of acceleration, braking and turning. For studies on top down cracking, principals deformations and directions are determined and analyzed. Then, the elastoplastic contact model is applied on a semi-innite asphalt agragate layer. Deformations and residuals stresses generated in the structure are determined for an analysis on the instability ruts. Once validated, these results will make it possible to more accurately estimate the residual life of pavements but also to understand and avoid surface or near surfacedegradation mechanisms
Homsi, Farah. "Endommagement des chaussées bitumeuses sous chargements multi-essieux." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0052.
Повний текст джерелаThe fatigue damage of a pavement under repeated trac loadings is a key issue for pavement design. At the material scale, the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures is computed in the laboratory. The standard fatigue test consists of the application of a continuous sinusoidal signal on the specimens and enables to write the fatigue life as a function of the strain level. Real loading signals measured at an experimental pavement are more complex. Additional parameters may therefore have an influence on the fatigue life. A method whose aim is a better computation of the fatigue life of asphalt pavements is presented. This method couples a structural approach and a material-based approach. The structural approach consists of a parametrical characterization of real loading signals measured at an experimental pavement in order to compute the independent parameters that describe a real loading signal. The independent parameters are the variables of an experimental plan of laboratory fatigue tests with complex loading signals. The results of the laboratory fatigue tests enabled the computation of a multi-linear fatigue model that writes the fatigue life as a function of the independent shape parameters characterizing the loading signal. Coupling this fatigue model with a pavement model enables the computation of the fatigue life of a pavement under different loading conditions and the comparison of the aggressiveness of dierent truck con
Youdjari, Djonkamla. "Développement d'un modèle de prédiction de l'uni des chaussées flexibles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31592.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of the thesis is to develop a model of prediction of the flexible pavements roughness. This goal was achieved through a rigorous process that involved four steps. First, a review of knowledge was made. It appears from this study that the International Roughness Index (IRI) is the index that better represents the roughness phenomenon, but the prediction is still empirical. Second, the two main pavement degradations that could cause roughness problems during the useful life are the permanent deformation and frost heave. After analysis of the existing models the need of the prediction model was established. The desired prediction models should have in their mathematical structure the geotechnical parameters of soil, which are the origin of variability along a road. For frost heave, the Konrad model (1981 and 2005) was found to be appropriate. However, for permanent deformation there was no adequate model. Thus, a permanent deformation model was developed. Third, a mathematical model for the prediction of pavements roughness in terms of IRI was derived. It has been built on rigorous assumptions and includes the following parameters: permanent deformation ( ε p ), frost heave (S), transverse crack ( Ft ) and coefficient representing the effect of amplification or attenuation of wavelengths (K). Fourth, the derived model was calibrated and validated with data obtained on actual pavements. For calibration, data from the LTTP and MTQ databases and the geotechnical parameters resulting from the characterization tests of the samples, taken at every 5 m along 5 different sites in Quebec Province were used. The required calibration coefficients have been determined successfully. For the validation of the model, due to lack of geotechnical parameters at every 5 m along the identified sections to achieve this objective, the principle of the model use level has been developed. Three levels of the model use were developed and the model was validated at the third level with an acceptable level of success.
Paquis, Stéphane. "Reconnaissance des surfaces de chaussée par analyse de texture image." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4003.
Повний текст джерелаTexture image of surface of roadways can be defined as a set of luminous objects of different size and different form, posed on a more and less apparent bottom. These textures are characterized by a strong granularity and none periodicity. Then, any direct use of traditional technics is unsatisfactory, as shown by a comparative and critical study. The original method, presented in this memory, introduces a pyramidal decomposition based on a transformation process elaborated in order to improve a certain characteristic of the texture. The evolution between two successive resolutions of the pyramid is done with an inter-level co-occurrence matrix. Fine analysis of the data contained in this matrix allows us to construct a parameters vector used during the classification step. This tool is then validated on a large image database. This one consists in the acquisition of roadways with various scales and under various illuminations. Moreover, each image is compressed with different JPEG rates
Hamlat, Smail. "Étude de la résistance des revêtements routiers aux sollicitations tangentielles." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2045.
Повний текст джерелаHeavy traffic at intersections (especially in urban areas) poses a particularly difficult challenge to traffic engineers interested in durable and safe wearing courses. At such places, heavy traffic causes damage to the road surface by aggregates loss and horizontal displacement of the bituminous surfacing, due to application of high shear stresses by truck tyres. Currently, the question of the assessment of the durability of bituminous surfacings in zones with high shear stresses in the laboratory does not seem completely resolved. In this work, we propose an approach based on a new experimental apparatus to simulate the surface damage by loss of aggregates. Taking in account the local phenomenon, an important advantage of the new device is that it permits to maintain a constant vertical loading whatever the level of surface deterioration. The first stage of this work is concerned with the characterization of the mechanical contact. The friction and the distribution of pressure are given for different loading conditions. The experimental procedure has been optimized in vertical force control in order to ensure a contact with a high friction between the materials. We present the results performed with different binders and with different aggregate gradations. Before the appearance of surface damage, aggregates displacements are systematically observed on the surface of the sample before the first departure of aggregates. At last, we propose two parametric models; the first model gives a link between the resistance to the tangential force and the performance of binders measured from fracture tests. The second one gives a prediction from aggregate gradation
Khraibani, Hussein. "Modélisation statistique de données longitudinales sur un réseau routier entretenu." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0040.
Повний текст джерелаRoad transportation has a direct impact on a country's economy. Infrastructures, particularly pavements, deteriorate under the effect of traffic and climate. As a result, they most constantly undergo maintenance which often requires expensive works. The optimization of maintenance strategies and the scheduling of works necessarily pass by a study that makes use of deterioration evolution laws and accounts for the effect of maintenance on these laws. In this respect, numerous theoretical and experimental works ranging linear and nonlinear regressions to more sophisticated methods such as Markov chain have been conducted. The thesis presents a survey of models and methods and focuses on the analysis of survival data (MADS), an analysis which constituted the objective of important works at LCPC. In order to acount for the fact that current databases contain repeated measurements of each pavement section, the thesis proposes a different approach based on the use of nonlinear mixed-effects models (NLME). First, it carries out a comparison between the NLME and MADS models on different databases in terms of the goodness of fit and prediction capability. The comparison then allows to draw conclusions about the applicability of the two models
Zhao, Dan. "Evolution de l'adhérence des chaussées : Influence des matériaux, du vieillissement et du trafic, variations saisonnières." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905871.
Повний текст джерелаBadiane, Mamadou. "Effet des charges sur les chaussées en période de restriction des charges-volet terrain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26934.
Повний текст джерелаIn strict climatic conditions such as in Quebec, the interaction between load and climate has a great influence on the performance of flexible pavement structures (Doré and Zubeck, 2009). During the spring thaw, when ice melts, the weakening of the pavement makes it vulnerable to solicitation by heavy traffic, speeding various phenomena of degradation, including fatigue damage and structural rutting (Farcette, 2010). In order to minimize the effects of heavy loads on a pavement weakened by the spring, road authorities often choose to limit axle loads or vehicle upon thawing. The purpose of this project is to develop a tool for load restrictions management in thaw period based on data gathered by the road weather stations. Two experimental sections built with the same material but with different thicknesses of asphalt concrete located at Laval University Experimental Road Site (SERUL) were used for this project. Each layer of the tested sections was instrumented with strain, stress, moisture, and temperature sensors. A falling weight deflectometer (FWD) was used to simulate heavy loads. The results obtained made it possible to understand the mechanisms of pavement weakening during the thaw. They also showed that the application of a load restriction period during the thaw allowed to have a gain on the life cycle, thus a load restriction period is justified and effective. Nevertheless, for better management of the road network, new criteria to better determine the load restriction period are proposed.
Castañeda, Pinzon Eduardo Alberto. "Contribution de méthodes non destructives à l'évaluation de l'effet de l'eau sur les enrobés bitumineux." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2074.
Повний текст джерелаMoisture and stripping (debonding of bitumen and aggregate) are a key element in the distress of bituminous mixtures in the tropical countries. Most of the laboratory testing procedures are destructive and require many specimens. This study aims at understanding the mechanical characteristics evolution for compacted bitumen-aggregate mixtures, using a non-destructive test. The classical study of stiffness evolution highlights the effect of the mineralogical nature of the aggregate skeleton and the bitumen content. The evolution of complex modulus appears to be relevant in evaluating moisture damage, showing the consistent results. It's modelling allows to determine a factor (D) related to moisture-induced damage
Décatoire, Rodrigue. "Optimisation des campagnes d'inspection dans le cadre de processus stochastiques de dégradation : Application aux structures en béton armé." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=831818a0-80d5-4c3d-a74c-f5adae962f0d.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of modern societies has seen the construction of several structures and infrastructures built in reinforced concrete. The management of those structures, potentially large and subjected to important pathologies, aiming at ensuring and guaranteeing their safety and durability has become a true economical challenge. Looking for an optimal inspection, maintenance and repair plan according to safety constraints is one of the possible solutions to address this challenge. This work is bounded by a preventive maintenance context where the concrete degradations may lead to the corrosion of the reinforcements and not to structural failure. The corresponding degradation models are put in an uncertainty context where the spatial variability of the environmental exposure and the concrete properties are accounted for. Based on such predictions, an adaptive design of experiments helps to identify, at a given time, where the structure should be inspected in order to evaluate its degradation state which will indicate the need for maintenance or a repair action. A decision tree therefore allows to predict the probabilistic evolution of the structure state, including the effect of maintenance and repairs. This tree is then used in an optimisation process which aims at finding where and with which inspection technique the structure is to be inspected to minimise both the expectation of the exploitation costs and the associated uncertainties due to the measurement errors, accounting for the stakeholder’s constraints