Дисертації з теми "Dégradation des structures"
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Kabir, Shahid. "Méthodes d'analyse d'images pour l'évaluation de la dégradation des structures en béton." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1819.
Повний текст джерелаChiquet, Julien. "Modélisation et estimation des processus de dégradation avec application en fiabilité des structures." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165782.
Повний текст джерелаNous étudions la fiabilité du système en considérant la défaillance de la structure lorsque le processus de dégradation dépasse un seuil fixe. Nous obtenons la fiabilité théorique à l'aide de la théorie du renouvellement markovien.
Puis, nous proposons une procédure d'estimation des paramètres des processus aléatoires du système différentiel. Les méthodes d'estimation et les résultats théoriques de la fiabilité, ainsi que les algorithmes de calcul associés, sont validés sur des données simulés.
Notre méthode est appliquée à la modélisation d'un mécanisme réel de dégradation, la propagation des fissures, pour lequel nous disposons d'un jeu de données expérimental.
Eiamnipon, Naruepon. "Etude de la dégradation de structures composites en caoutchouc soumises à des chocs." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0099/document.
Повний текст джерелаRoad hazard is a critical problem in tire application. Steel cord-rubber composite such as steel belt is used to reinforce the tire stiffness in architecture of the radial tire. The main function is used to protect penetrations due to foreign objects. In fact, the knowledge of this material is not well-established yet in particular damage mechanisms subjected to impact load. The principal objective of this dissertation is to study high strain rate behaviors, impact behaviors as well as damage mechanisms of the steel cord-rubber composite, allowing us to develop a perforation criterion. The experimental analysis and numerical simulations allow us to thoroughly understand the dynamic behaviors and damage mechanisms for instance high stain rate tensile characterization, drop-weight impact and indentation characterizations, damage observation etc... In order to develop a criterion capable of predicting the perforation of the steel cord-rubber composite, the drop-weight impact tests and indentation tests have been conducted. Finally, we propose the perforation criterion based on analytical approach and its validation for the steel cord-rubber composite
Charenton, Clément. "Études structurales et fonctionnelles des acteurs de la dégradation de la coiffe des ARNm chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX040.
Повний текст джерелаMRNA decay is a highly regulated process allowing cells to rapidly adapt their abundance of transcripts to environmental conditions. Eukaryotic mRNAs are protected from uncontrolled decay by a cap structure (m7GpppX) and a poly(A) tail at their 5’ and 3’ ends, respectively. The first event initiating the 5’ to 3’ degradation pathway is the shortening of the poly(A) tail by the CCR4/Not complex through a process known as deadenylation. Then the 5’ cap is degraded during the decapping step, which is considered as a crucial and irreversible step before rapid degradation of RNAs. Decapping is accomplished by the recruitment of a protein complex formed by the Dcp2 catalytic subunit and its activator Dcp1. However, this complex has a low intrinsic decapping activity and requires several accessory factors to be fully efficient. These include the Lsm1-Lsm7 complex that binds to the 3’ end of deadenylated mRNAs and promotes decapping. This complex binds to Pat1, a scaffolding protein recruiting other accessory proteins such as Dhh1 and Edc1-3 proteins (Enhancer of Decapping), which favor decapping. After efficient removal of the cap, Xrn1 (the major cytoplasmic 5’-3’ exonuclease) is recruited and degrades the resulting uncapped RNAs. Interestingly, all these proteins are part of dynamic and multifunctional protein assemblies that, under conditions, localize into cytoplasmic foci known as P-bodies.Although many studies have revealed the importance of these protein/protein interactions, little is known concerning the mechanisms of recruitment and activation of the decapping enzyme by its numerous co-factors. Moreover, in the absence of Dcp2 in complex with a capped RNA, molecular details of cap recognition and cleavage are lacking. My thesis project aims at answering these open questions with the structural and functional studies of the decapping machinery, using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism, as most of decapping actors are well conserved among eukaryotes. For this purpose, I expressed and purified the majority of the decapping factors and reconstituted several sub-complexes including Dcp2 and its cofactors
Bertolami, Miguel Angel. "Structures paysagères, production et dégradation des steppes de Patagonie argentine, Département d'Escalante, Province de Chubut." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20032.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to study the primary production and degradation of the landscape units in the Escalante Department of Chubut Province in the Argentine Patagonia. The sheep grassing has be the most important element in the population development processes at regional level along the XXth century and also the causes of the desertification processes in the arid natural landscapes. In the southeast area of Chubut Province, with a strong rain gradient are delimitated landscape units, from the climatic; geomorphological; topographics and phytogeographical characteristics. In these units the primary production and degradation levels are evaluated, to the field measures and the LANDSAT 5 and 7 data. The results confirm the higher level of carrying capacity in the eastern units, but in some cases the floristic composition is most important than the simple biomass measures. In relation to environmental degradation, the western units are high values than the eastern ones; with the exception the edaphic conditionated units in the east. The vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of the remote sensings products of 1986, 1997 and 2001, with strong climatic differences, are an moderate correlation to the primary production and environmental degradation. By other hands, the use of NDVI to delimitation the primary production in the most degradated soils is very complex and the floristic composition indetected in the satellital data, take an important place in the primary productivity evaluation. The analysis of these results shows the satellital imagery importance to asses and monitoring arid environment and also the fragility of predictions in ecosystems with high level of climatical interannual variability
Masurel, Aurélien. "Modélisation mixte éléments discrets / éléments finis de la dégradation de structures en béton armé sous impact sévère." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to set up a numerical framework to simulate the behaviour of industrial size reinforced concrete structures subjected to severe impacts. Our model is based on three main features : 1) modeling of the concrete with a discrete method to handle easily strong material discontinuities such as initiation and propagation of macro-cracks ; 2) modeling of the reinforcement bars with finite element method to be able to represent complex reinforcement cages of industrial structures ; 3) an original steel-concrete bond model that we proposed and implemented in the dynamic explicit code EUROPLEXUS and that constitutes the main task of this work. We studied theoretically and numerically this model to guarantee its stability and precision during the time integration. We calibrated its parameters by simulating pull-out tests. To verify our model, we simulated a tie-test (a long concrete column which contains a reinforcement bar) and showed that our model ensures the correct transfert of forces between steel and concrete. After testing our model on simple benchmarks, we simulated real reinforced concrete structures subjected to impacts (soft impact on a beam, Meppen test n°II-4), allowing us to validate our numerical approach and to define some perspectives to improve the models we have developped
Traore, Fatoumata. "Les structures sociales traditionnelles, les réfugiés et la dégradation forestière dans la préfecture de Guéckédou, République de Guinée." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26367.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKies, Rabah. "Étude du transport électrique et de la dégradation dans les diélectriques fins des structures MOS et mémoires EEPROM." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0071.
Повний текст джерелаDécatoire, Rodrigue. "Optimisation des campagnes d'inspection dans le cadre de processus stochastiques de dégradation : Application aux structures en béton armé." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=831818a0-80d5-4c3d-a74c-f5adae962f0d.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of modern societies has seen the construction of several structures and infrastructures built in reinforced concrete. The management of those structures, potentially large and subjected to important pathologies, aiming at ensuring and guaranteeing their safety and durability has become a true economical challenge. Looking for an optimal inspection, maintenance and repair plan according to safety constraints is one of the possible solutions to address this challenge. This work is bounded by a preventive maintenance context where the concrete degradations may lead to the corrosion of the reinforcements and not to structural failure. The corresponding degradation models are put in an uncertainty context where the spatial variability of the environmental exposure and the concrete properties are accounted for. Based on such predictions, an adaptive design of experiments helps to identify, at a given time, where the structure should be inspected in order to evaluate its degradation state which will indicate the need for maintenance or a repair action. A decision tree therefore allows to predict the probabilistic evolution of the structure state, including the effect of maintenance and repairs. This tree is then used in an optimisation process which aims at finding where and with which inspection technique the structure is to be inspected to minimise both the expectation of the exploitation costs and the associated uncertainties due to the measurement errors, accounting for the stakeholder’s constraints
Chanterault, Christophe. "Étude numérique et expérimentale des mécanismes de dégradation dans les structures de silice épaisses à faible débit de dose." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0018.
Повний текст джерелаWeil, Fabiano. "L'utilisation des ondes de surface pour la caractérisation non intrusive des structures en béton." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1536.
Повний текст джерелаRunavot, Jean-Luc. "Maltage à faible hydratation : dégradation des structures pariétales, diffusion et modification des protéines aleuroniques et caractérisation des barrières hydrophobes cuticulaires." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2066.
Повний текст джерелаDuring kilning, reduction of energy costs without impacting significantly the malt quality, represents a major challenge of the malting industry. This energy reduction requires a reduction of barley grain water content at the end of steeping and during germination. In the present work, we focused on key malting quality parameters involved in diastatic power and foam promoting capacities of malt. When analysed in a low hydrated malt and a high hydrated malt, the LTP1 (a foam promoting protein) modifications and its diffusion from the aleurone layer to the starchy endosperm were similar. The hydration level of the grain affects however β-glucanase diffusion and activity, and consequently the β-glucan degradation. These effects are linked to a delay in the synthesis and the diffusion of these enzymes. An increase of the time of germination allows to sharply reduce these effects. According to grain hydrophobic barriers localized at the pericarp surface and at the interface of aleurone and pericarp (testa), water diffusion inside the grain follows a specific pathway. Only weak, although significant, differences in cuticular thickness and composition were observed between cultivars with different malt qualities according to their hydration levels. On the contrary, we observed a great variability in the cuticular composition of the various tissues of the grain e. G. Scutellum, chalaza or husk
Monserie, Christophe. "Etude de la dégradation et du claquage de films fins diélectriques de structures MOS et MIM soumises à de fortes contraintes électriques." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0009.
Повний текст джерелаHoundonougbo, Thierry. "Efficacitée et durabilité des revêtements en polymères pour la protection des structures en béton atteintes de réaction sulfatique interne (RSI) : de l’éprouvette à la structure." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2009.
Повний текст джерелаDelayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) is an internal swelling reaction in cementitious materials, generating significant stresses that progressively lead to cracking, loss of cohesion and the ruin of civil engineering structures. In addition, water exchanges between the material and the leaching of alkalis from the concrete are factors that encourage the reaction. To interrupt these exchanges, coating approaches have been deployed for several decades. However, the obstacles to defining a clear and relevant procedure for treating civil engineering structures suffering from DEF by coating are, on the one hand, the complexity of the mechanisms and evolution phases of DEF and, on the other hand, the lack of hindsight on the effectiveness and durability of these coatings. This thesis therefore focused on these two issues. To this end, experiments begun a decade ago were continued on the long-term influence of humidity and on the effectiveness of a multi-layer coating system for protecting concrete affected by DEF. In addition, the durability of these coatings was studied under free on-site aging conditions and controlled aging conditions in the laboratory. A large-scale experimental campaign was also carried out to study DEF on structural-scale test bodies and on cores exposed to different DEF-limiting conditions.This work made it possible to identify aging factors and the degradations of multilayer polymer protective coatings used as impermeable barriers for concrete suffering from DEF. Also, to adapt the treatment strategy for structures suffering from DEF, the campaign on large-scale test bodies highlighted the problems of scale effect and the difference in kinetics that can exist between the laboratory scale and the scale of the structure. These test bodies also provide a basis for future experimental studies and modelling to address issues relating to DEF in structures
Zander, Damien. "Contribution à l'étude de la dégradation des couches d'oxyde de silicium ultra-minces, sous contraintes électriques." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMS015.
Повний текст джерелаCombescure, Didier. "Modélisation du comportement sous chargement sismique des structures de bâtiment comportant des murs de remplissage en maçonnerie." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0486.
Повний текст джерелаChaabani, Anis. "Analyse de la déformation récente dans le Grand Tunis par interférométrie radar SAR." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2002/document.
Повний текст джерелаSoil deformation phenomena of natural (tectonic) or anthropic origins (over exploitation of groundwater, embankment) can have adverse effects on the environment and on human life. A good understanding of the mechanism of deformation is essential to mitigate or eliminate risks to infrastructure and natural environments. In this study, it is proposed to apply the interferometric method to study the mobility of an urban and suburban area of Tunis City, which is the main socio-economic center of Tunisia.Seismotectonic analyzes were carried out in the study area to better understand the seismic and structural context of the North East part of Tunisia while being based on the different interpretations made from focal mechanisms and mapping epicentres in this area. This analysis made it possible to deduce the existence of an NW-SE compressive regime that fits well with the existing regime at the regional level. This mapping also allowed the detection of the different zones marked by a relatively large seismic activity with a moderate magnitude and which coincide well with the major accidents that are at the level of the study area. Subsequently, a geomorphological analysis approach of the study area was carried out, which made it possible to highlight the different existing tectonic structures and to distinguish the different morphological units. It has been shown that geomorphological analysis has limitation to interpret the morphodynamic context of the study area and therefore the interferometric technique has proven to be an effective methodology for detecting and monitoring soil displacements with millimeter precision and also improving our understanding of current deformations. Indeed, the application of differential SAR interferometry made it possible to nether identify areas with natural subsidence risks or analyze the deformations of the topographic surface associated with anthropic phenomena. To better assimilate the morphodynamic context of the study area, the interferometric method of Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) developed by Berardino et al. (2002) has been chosen. The analysis of Envisat ASAR (2003-2007, descending satellite orbit) and Sentinel-1B (2016-2018, ascending satellite orbit) SAR data allowed us to obtain soil deformation maps associated with time series of velocity of the study area. These analyzes showed the existence of a differential settlement phenomenon in the region of Tunis and the Mornag plain by quantifying it quite accurately. Therefore, by combining SBAS results with geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical information, we have been able to explore some of the links between soil subsidence and its main control factors, in particular:- a differential settlement detected around the Lake of Tunis region, which is probably due to the nature of highly compressible alluvial sediments with bedrock depths sometimes exceeding 65m;- a subsidence of the Mornag plain, whose overexploitation of groundwater and the compressibility of alluvium were the driving forces of these deformations
Mollet, Stéphanie. "Analyse dynamique des P-Bodies et des granules de stress, deux structures cytoplasmiques impliquées dans le stockage et la dégradation des ARNm, dans les cellules de mammifères." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112200.
Повний текст джерелаP-Bodies (PB) and stress granules (SG) are two cytoplasmic granules, not delineated by a membrane, involved in mRNA degradation and storage. Ln PB, there is accumulation of the mRNA degradation machinery. Ln SG, induced by stress, there is accumulation of a part of the nontranslated mRNA. After stress, SG disappear, suggesting that the mRNA which they contain resume their translation. PB are mobile structures and we were able to characterize their mobility by measuring the frequencies, the speeds and the distances covered by PB. We determined the cytoskeleton network involved in these movements. Besides, we showed that the SG form near P-Bodies and that the proteins of PB accumulating in the SG, during sorne stress, do not originate from adjacent PB but from cytoplasm. Furthermore, most arrested mRNAs are not in the SG. These data do not support a direct role of SG to mRNA storage (Mollet et al. , 2008). By electronic microscopy, we determined the ultra structure of SG. They are loose and fibrillo-granular structures whereas PB are denser and fibrillar (Souquere et al. , 2009). We also showed that PB interact with mitochondria in a dynamic way. The depletion of PB does not seem to affect mitochondria and the change of mitochondrial activity does not modify the contacts between PB end mitochondria. However, the inactivation of mitochondria leads a decrease of thé RNA interference efficiency, who is accompanied by a delocalization of the Ago2 protein out of the PB (Huang et al. , 2010, Manuscript in revision)
Medina, Mordan Victor Randy. "Développement des courbes de vulnérabilité probabiliste des structures dégradées soumises aux actions sismiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR36.
Повний текст джерелаSeismic fragility analysis is essential in engineering to assess structural responses to earthquakes, helping reduce infrastructure vulnerability by identifying weaknesses and environmental factors, like soil conditions and material degradation, which impact immediate and long-term resilience. Fragility analysis provides a comprehensive framework, applicable from individual buildings to urban zones, guiding design and risk management strategies. Chapter 2 introduces nonlinear static analysis (NSA) to evaluate structural behavior under seismic loads, generating capacity curves that represent structures' ability to withstand seismic forces. Additionally, the chapter addresses critical factors like soil-structure interaction and corrosion degradation. Using the Winkler model, soil flexibility is simulated, showing how softer soils amplify seismic deformations. A uniform corrosion model reveals that degradation reduces structural stiffness, emphasizing the need to include both factors in fragility evaluations. Chapter 3 explores surrogate models as an alternative to Monte Carlo simulations for generating fragility curves, which estimate the likelihood of specific damage states based on seismic intensity. The PC-Kriging (PCK) model accurately and efficiently captures rare events, combining polynomial chaos expansion with Kriging, making it well-suited for practical applications. Chapter 4 presents an advanced approach to seismic fragility by integrating soil-structure interaction and corrosion. These factors, traditionally omitted, offer a more realistic view of structural responses under seismic loads. The PCK model enables detailed and computationally feasible assessments of various seismic and degradation scenarios, overcoming limitations of conventional methods. In conclusion, this research enhances seismic fragility assessment by combining nonlinear modeling, degradation factors, and computational efficiency through surrogate models. The study highlights the importance of soil flexibility and corrosion in evaluations. This methodology enables precise, practical assessments, optimizing design and maintenance resources, thereby boosting structural resilience to earthquakes
Chaveroux, Damien. "Relations structures-propriétés de polymères améliorants de viscosité dans les lubrifiants moteur." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1002.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of lubricants is a real challenge for the automotive and the petroleum industries to reduce the energy losses in engines due to frictions. The viscosity is the main parameter that the lubricant formulators can vary to reduce the frictions. This PhD deals with the role and mode of actions of viscosity modifier polymers (VM polymers) in lubricants.The purpose of this PhD is to correlate the study at the molecular scale with the macroscopic properties and the lubricant performances in order to orient the formulators towards one or several target molecules which could present the best properties.This work consisted in characterizing hydrogenated Poly-diene-styrene (P-diene-SH) and ethylene-propylene-copolymers (EPC).First, studies on the structure of VM polymers and on rheological properties of the solutions have shown the influence of the different chemical structures and polymer architectures on their rheological properties. This study was carried out on a large scale of temperatures (-20 à +135°C), shear rates (0 à 107s-1) and concentrations leading to characterizations under conditions corresponding to practical conditions.Secondly, these rheological properties were correlated with frictions coefficients and the film thickness in a sphere/plate contact in tribology.Finally, the ability of the polymer chains to break when a high shear rate was applied in a continuous or pulsed flow was studied and related to the chains configurations of the VM polymer and their structure.All these data were further used to propose a chemical structure and a polymer architecture leading to viscosity improved properties, a good resistance to degradation and a satisfactory behavior in tribology
Saad, Lara. "Optimisation du coût du cycle de vie des structures en béton armé." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22692/document.
Повний текст джерелаCivil engineering structures, particularly reinforced concrete bridges, should be designed and managed to ensure the society needs. It is crucial to assure that these structures function properly and safely as damage during the service life can lead to transport disturbance, catastrophic loss of property, causalities, as well as severe economic, social, and environmental impacts, in addition to long term consequences. Decision-makers adopt various activities to maintain adequate long-term performance and functionality while satisfying financial constraints. Ideally, they may employ optimization techniques to identify the trade-offs between minimizing the life-cycle cost (LCC) and maximizing the expected service life. This requires the development of three challenging chores: life cycle analysis, reliability analysis and structural optimization. The current approaches for the design and management of structures through a Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) highlight the following needs: (1) an integrated and systematic approach to model coherently the deterioration processes, the increasing traffic loads, the aging and the direct and indirect consequences of failure, (2) a mutual consideration of economic, structural and stochastic dependencies between the elements of a structural system, (3) an adequate approach for the deterioration dependencies and load redistribution between the elements, (4) an improvement of system reliability computation as a function of the structural redundancy and configuration that can take into account the dependencies between the elements, (5) a consideration of design and maintenance optimization procedures that focus coherently on the robustness of the management decision and on the satisfaction of reliability requirements.The overall objective of this study is to provide improved LCCA and procedures that can be applied to select optimal and robust design and maintenance decisions regarding new and existing reinforced concrete structures, by minimizing both manager and user costs, while providing the required safety along the structure lifetime, taking into account the most severe degradation processes and the dependencies between structural elements. In the first part of this thesis, a literature review concerning the current probabilistic design and maintenance procedures is presented, and the LCC components are discussed. Then, a new approach is developed to evaluate the user delay costs on a reinforced concrete bridge structure, based on direct and indirect costs related to degradation and failure, and to integrate it to the life cycle cost function, in order to allow for probabilistic design. In addition,the coupled corrosion-fatigue model is considered in the design optimization. Afterward, a structural maintenance planning approach is developed to consider the three types of interactions, namely economic, structural and stochastic dependencies. The proposed model uses fault tree analysis and conditional probabilities to reflect the dependencies in the maintenance planning. The consequences of degradation are evaluated and a method is proposed to account for the load redistribution. Moreover, a practical formulation for quantifying the reliability of a system formed of interrelated components is proposed, by the mean of a redundancy factor that can be computed by finite element analysis. Finally, a new optimization procedure is proposed, by taking into account the uncertainties in the analysis, and the structural ability to adapt to variability, unforeseen actions or deterioration mechanisms. The proposed procedure takes account of uncertainties andvariability in one consistent formulation, which is shown through numerical applications. (...)
Gendron, Amaury. "Structures de protection innovantes contre les décharges électrostatiques dédiées aux entrées/sorties hautes tensions de technologies SmartPower." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362699.
Повний текст джерелаPetit, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude de la dégradation de films minces et ultra-minces de SiO2 de structures MOS soumises à des contraintes électriques et à la caractérisation par spectroscopie tunnel inélastique de jonction Al-SiO2-Si." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000021.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMore the integrated circuit density increases , more the transistor size (channel length and width, gate oxide thickness) decreases. Below 3nm oxide thicknesses, the current in depletion regime becomes measurable and increases after electrical stresses. The increase of this current, called LVSILC (Low Voltage Stress Induced Leakage Current), does not affect the device and circuit functionality because it is observed in depletion or weak inversion regimes and not at usual operating voltages, but it can be used to monitor the oxide degradation and to predict the charge to breakdown. We have realized an experimental data base on the LVSILC evolution, with stress voltages and temperatures, for various oxide thicknesses and in P and N-MOSFETs. This allow us to predict the device lifetime, and to show that the degradation mechanism is more probably linked to hydrogen release from the interface than to anode hole injection. We have also tried to realized a physical characterisation by inelastic electron tunnel spectroscopy (IETS). This work allow us to identify both electrode (substrate and gate) and gate oxide phonon modes. We have also identified the vibratory modes of some defects or impurities induced in the gate oxide during the fabrication process
Buzy, Armelle. "Développement de la spectrométrie de masse appliquée au séquençage protéique en association avec la dégradation d'Edman : détermination des structures primaires de la sous-unité Aa6 de l'hémocyanine du scorpion Androctonus australis et de la catalase bactérienne de Proteus mirabilis." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10019.
Повний текст джерелаFischer, Baptiste. "Caractérisation enzymatique et structurale d'une nouvelle famille d'aldéhyde déshydrogénase impliquée dans la dégradation de composés aromatiques toxiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0306/document.
Повний текст джерелаTwo phylogenetically and structurally unrelated families of NAD(P)-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes into activated or non-activated acids. These enzymes are known to be involved in many biological functions such as cellular differentiation, central metabolism, or detoxification pathways. The crystal structure of the bifunctional enzyme, 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase (DmpG)/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (DpmF) from Pseudomonas sp. CF600, leads to the identification of a new ALDH family. The DmpF subunit exhibits a non-phosphorylating CoA-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity while its structure belongs to the phosphorylating ALDH superfamily. The kinetics of the MhpEF orthologs from Escherichia coli and Thermomonospora curvata show that the kinetic parameters of MhpF do not depend of its oligomeric state, which is unique for an ALDH. In addition, the crystal structures of the enzyme with NAD+ or CoA, as well as the solution structure of the apoenzyme using SAXS, reveal the dynamics of the overall Rossmann fold between apo or cofactors-bound conformers, which is necessary to carry on the catalytic cycle. Finally, the catalytic mechanism and the structure of the thioacylenzyme intermediates indicate that MhpF is a hybrid between both ALDH families characterized to date
Buch, Xavier. "Dégradation thermique et fluage d'un adhésif structural epoxyde." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005634.
Повний текст джерелаL'étude du comportement en température nous a permis de proposer un schéma réactionnel de dégradation thermique impliquant différents mécanismes moléculaires. L'effet principal est une dépolymérisation thermolytique qui conduit à une plastification du réseau. Nous avons montré que les molécules plastifiantes avaient une structure très proche de celles des durcisseurs. Il y a ensuite migration de ces molécules plastifiantes du cœur vers la surface des échantillons. En surface, ces molécules ont un comportement différent selon les conditions de vieillissement. Parallèlement à ces phénomènes, il y aurait des recombinaisons moléculaires au sein du réseau qui conduisent à la formation d'une structure thermiquement plus stable. Cette espèce thermostable nécessite de l'oxygène pour être dégradée selon un mécanisme de thermo-oxydation. Notre étude a également porté sur l'évolution de la température de transition vitreuse au cours du vieillissement thermique. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence une évolution complexe caractérisée par une diminution de la Tg au cours du vieillissement suivie d'une augmentation.
L'étude du comportement mécanique de l'EA 9689 et d'assemblages collés acier/colle/acier nous a permis de mieux comprendre les potentialités de cet adhésif structural, mais aussi de proposer différentes hypothèses sur les mécanismes moléculaires responsables du fluage. Nous avons ainsi montré que les propriétés mécaniques de cet adhésif étaient très bonnes jusqu'à des températures d'environ 150°C. Au delà de cette température, on note une chute importante des propriétés mécaniques que l'on peut expliquer par un accroissement du caractère viscoélastique du polymère, et ceci alors même que la Tg est à une température bien supérieure (environ 230°C). Nous notons que les propriétés des assemblages collés sont intimement liées à la nature, et donc à la résistance, de l'interphase adhésif/substrat et qu'il est donc impossible de préjuger de la résistance de joints sans connaître au préalable celle de l'interphase formée. Nous nous sommes intéressé aux trois stades du comportement en fluage en portant une attention particulière sur le fluage stationnaire au cours duquel la vitesse de déformation est constante. Nous avons ainsi développé un modèle simple pour représenter l'évolution de la vitesse de fluage stationnaire avec la contrainte et la température. Ce modèle nous a permis de faire différentes hypothèses sur la nature des mécanismes de déformation par fluage. Nous postulons ainsi que dans des conditions "douces" (température et contrainte faibles), la déformation au cours du fluage stationnaire serait provoquée par des mouvements locaux des segments de chaînes identiques à ceux décrits pour expliquer la transition . En conditions de fluage plus "sévères" (température et/ou contrainte élevée), la déformation stationnaire serait due à des mouvements des chaînes macromoléculaires sur de longues distances analogues à ceux proposés pour la transition vitreuse.
Decré, Dominique. "Les mucines intestinales : structure, biosynthèse, dégradation et fonctions générales." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P032.
Повний текст джерелаPiettre, Charline. "Caractérisation des gènes gouvernant la dégradation de l'urée chez Alcaligenes eutrophus H16." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10201.
Повний текст джерелаLACOMBE, CHRISTIAN. "Métabolisme du cardiolipide chez B. Subtilis : synthèse, dégradation, régulation, topologie." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2002.
Повний текст джерелаDoulut, Sylvie. "Synthèse d'analogues peptidiques et pseudopeptidiques de la neurotensine et d'inhibiteurs de sa dégradation." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20247.
Повний текст джерелаRamirez-Coronel, Maria-Ascención. "Les tanins condensés de la pulpe de café : études structurales et dégradation enzymatique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11019.
Повний текст джерелаLavagne, Suzel. "Défauts structuraux dans les hétérostructures ZnSe/GaAs et phénomènes de dégradation." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0027.
Повний текст джерелаWith the aim of a better understanding of the degradation of optoelectronic devices based on II-VI semiconductors, ZnSe/GaAs heterostructures are characterised by TEM and the of the microstructure evolution under heating and electron irradiation is investigated. Several defects (stacking faults, interfacial dislocation) are observed and their complete identification is made possible thanks to the determination of the absolute orientation of the sample by CBED in (001) orientation. The formation and the propagation of these defects are analysed. In situ heating of the sample induces both plastic relaxation and degradation of the layer. Degradation of the layer is caused by the formation of climb dislocation loops, due to point defects agglomeration. Both effects are enhanced by non radiative recombinations of the charge carriers generated by the electron beam. This work is a step in the degradation mechanism understanding of optoelectronic devices based on II-VI semiconductors
Bendada, Elmaâti. "Caractérisation des dégradations des transistors à structure M. O. S : nouveaux paramètres physiques caractéristiques." Perpignan, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PERP0199.
Повний текст джерелаRakotovao, Ravahatra Ndrianary. "Vers un choix optimisé de la modélisation des dégradations du béton pour la maintenance des structures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30259.
Повний текст джерелаIt is widely accepted that an efficient maintenance strategy is required to optimize life-cycle of a given structure. This thesis was carried out within the ANR-EVADEOS project, which aims to provide such preventive maintenance strategy for building managers, against RC-corrosion. Physicochemical phenomena as well as the management constraints and financial constraints are also taken into account. The prevision could be made using predictive models. The main objective of this work is to setup a decision tool for selecting appropriate model for a given structure with respect to data availability and management constraints. A synthesis of existing models was carried out, however, this study focused in the sequel on simplified models given that these latter are user-friendly for building managers. When available data is not sufficient to provide input parameters of the models, inspection should be carried out. On the other hand simplified models provide assessment of degradation at a given point of the structure but are not able to compute this assessment over all a surface of a structure. Finally, the degradation processes, the instruments used for inspection, and the computation of the models are all subjected to uncertainties. Taking into account these latter is of utter importance for enhancing maintenance strategy. Three criteria was identified for the selection of the models : (i) data availability and resources allocated for maintenance (ii) the ability of the model to transfer uncertainties, and (iii) to transfer spatial correlation. Results show that data availability has significant impact on the model selection. On the other hand when the magnitudes of uncertainties are larger, ability of the models to reproduce the spatial correlation of the degradations is reduced. The tool for models selection proposed in this work could be useful for building managers
Loukil, Olfa. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la dégradation d'éléments structurels en béton armé par corrosion sous courant imposé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1138/document.
Повний текст джерелаCorrosion of steel in reinforced concrete generates iron oxides which induce tensile stresses at the steel/concrete interface leading to the concrete cover cracking and loss of reinforcing bar cross-section. The evaluation of such pathology remains difficult and consequently limits the assessment of the structure serviceability, the knowledge on the degradation evolution, and the choice of a suitable repair method. The aim of this study is to correlate internal degradations (corrosion products formation and concrete cracking) induced by steel corrosion to external degradations (concrete cracking).The experimental program aims to determine these degradation mechanisms. The accelerated corrosion tests are carried out on reinforced concrete specimens in the presence of chloride ions by applying a constant current using three current densities (50,100 and 200 µA/cm²) during different exposure periods.Electrochemical properties of reinforced concrete specimens are determined before and after the accelerated corrosion tests. The quantitative evaluation of the corrosion products at the steel/concrete interface based on SEM observations (microscopic scale) demonstrates an important heterogeneity in the distribution and thicknesses (between 0 and 1584 µm). This heterogeneity can be explained by the evolution of anodic and cathodic zones due to different factors such as the non symmetric geometry of the specimens, the accelerated corrosion test environment (moisture, chloride ions and oxygen gradients), and the characteristics of concrete (aggregates, porosity).The internal (angular position, width, and length of cracks) and external crack patterns (maximum crack width) induced by the formation of corrosion products are analyzed. One to five internal cracks are identified in the internal crack patterns and they are classified in three groups. The first and second groups contain horizontal and vertical cracks which propagate in the direction of the shortest concrete cover. The third group is constituted of oblique cracks which are located in the opposite side of the horizontal cracks. The widths of the internal cracks range between 0.1 to 0.4 mm and their lengths between 1 to 3 cm. The maximum external crack widths are between 0.1 to 0.7 mm and are located on the shortest cover sides of the specimens.The maximum effort applied during the pull-out tests decreases with increasing levels of corrosion. However, the corrosion levels reach during the tests are too low to affect the steel/concrete interface behavior. The failure mode identified during the testing is concrete splitting failure regardless the corrosion level. A cause/effect scenario is proposed between steel corrosion and the mechanical induced degradation considering all experimental results.Based on experimental results, two models are proposed. The first one is developed to explain corrosion initiation and propagation. This model is able to determine the corrosion initiation time for each current density.The second model analyses the concrete cover mechanical behavior. The numerical results show that taking into account only the thickness of corrosion products (as an experimental input) does not generate a numerical cracking pattern similar to the experimental one. Then, complementary calculations considering a different distribution of the corrosion product’s thicknesses allow enhancing the agreement between experimental and numerical results
Lepaumier, Hélène. "Etude des mécanismes de dégradation des amines utilisées pour le captage du CO2 dans les fumées." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS038.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal warming leads to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Post combustion CO2 capture with solvent is the most advanced technology to reduce CO2 emissions in industrial fumes. A major problem associated with chemical absorption of CO2 using the benchmark ethanolamine (MEA) is solvent degradation through irreversible side reactions with CO2 and O2 which leads to numerous harmful impacts to the process : corrosion, solvent loss, foaming, fouling, and viscosity increase. So, developing new amines with higher chemical stability is essential. This work is based on the chemical stability study of 17 different molecules. Their structures have been chosen in order to establish structure-property relationships : alkanolamines, known for gas treatment application (MEA, DEA, MDEA, AMP. . . ), diamines, and triamines without alcohol function. Impact of temperature, CO2, and O2 on degradation has been studied. Strong experimental conditions have been used to observe significant degradation after a 15 days experiment. Separation, identification and quantification of degradation products have been performed by using different testing instructions such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ionic chromatography and NMR. Different mechanisms are proposed to explain most of degradation compounds. Radical reactions (desalkylation, alkylation, ring-closure reactions and piperazinones formation) are involved under O2 pressure whereas CO2 induces ionic reactions (desalkylation, alkylation, addition, ring-closure reactions and oxazolidinones or imidazolidinones formation). Large discrepancies of stability are noticed among the different amines. Knowledge of degradation products and reaction mechanisms has thus permitted to establish some relationships between structure and chemical stability : for example, role of the amine function (primary, secondary, tertiary), impact of alkyl chain length between the two amino groups and steric hindrance
Sambha'a, Lionel. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure et de la texture du PLA : Effet de la dégradation hydrothermale." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703992.
Повний текст джерелаAmalric, Laurence. "Dégradation photocatalytique avec TiO2, en solution aqueuse, de polluants aromatiques oxygénés : intermédiaires, espèces actives, corrélations structure-dégradabilité." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10282.
Повний текст джерелаAchimastos, Lito. "Appréciation de l'état structurel d'une chaussée souple à partir des observations de dégradations de surface." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9821.
Повний текст джерелаAdministrators of secondary roads do not always have the information of the means necessary to diagnose problems in their network. For this reason, it would be useful to establish a link between the structural state of the pavement and the observations made regarding surface degradation, especially in the case of flexible pavement, which makes up 90 % of the secondary roads network in France. Damage to the pavement structure manifests itself in two main types of degradation : cracking and rutting. To better understand how such degradation progresses, ten pavements subjected to the L. C. P. C. Cirular test track in Nantes, France have been studied. From this analysis, a law linking the rutting rate to the deflection has been proposed. Furthermore, it has been deduced that the study of the evolution of cracking can be separated from that of rutting. These studies have been conducted with 3D finite-element modelling. In this way, the orientation of the fatigue cracks can be explained as a function of the thickness of the asphalt mix layer : the first fatique cracks are longitudinal for thin structures, whereas for thick strutures they are transversal, because of the localisation of the first weakness area. As regards rutting, modelling that takes into acount the 3D loading and the symmetry of the ruts along the driving axis has been proposed. Finally, the last model proposed is an alternative to the 3D tools. It is a discrete model of the slab type enabling study of the influence of cracking on the progress of rutting
Saint-André, Géraldine. "Synthèse de nouveaux α-nucléophiles et évaluation de leur activité hydrolytique : application à la dégradation de neurotoxiques organophosphorés". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6221.
Повний текст джерелаOrganophosphorous nerve agents are toxic compounds that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by covalent bonding to their active center serine. Consequently the inability of AChE to hydrolyze acetylcholine results in accumulation of the neurotransmitter in the synapse gap leading to paralysis of neuromuscular function and to death by respiratory failures. The potential use of these neurotoxins for military or terrorist ends is still a current worldwide threat. We have oriented our research in two different axes: ۵Identification of new structures for the hydrolysis of neurotoxic organophosphorous (agent V). ۵Development of imprinted polymers with organophosphonothiase activity. First of all, an HPLC analytical test was developed in order to detect the organophosphonothioase activity of either chemical agents or imprinted polymers. Around sixty α-nucleophiles were screened and nine of them showed an interesting reactivity. Further kinetic studies permitted the selection of new nucleophilic structures which could be used as detoxifying agents (oximes, amidoximes). Another study showed that they were also potential AChE inhibited reactivators. At the same time we have developed imprinted polymers as new decontamination means. This strategy consists in designing and synthesizing polymerisable templates bearing a nucleophilic moiety and a PhX analogue. Different approaches were used but many difficulties in the template synthesis unable us to obtain the desired imprinted polymers
Soulière, Marie. "Caractérisation cinétique et mécanistique d'enzymes viraux impliqués dans la synthèse et la dégradation de la structure coiffe des ARN messagers." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4307.
Повний текст джерелаAkiki, Tilda. "Modélisation de la dégradation de la production de puissance d'une pile à combustible suite aux sollicitations mécaniques." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607268.
Повний текст джерелаKail, Fatiha. "Etude in-situ par ellipsométrie et spectrométrie de masse du transport de l'hydrogène dans a-Si:H : Cinétique de diffusion et modifications de structure." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000210.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to ellipsometry and mass spectrometry studies of hydrogen transport in a-Si:H. The aim is to clarify the role of hydrogen in the crystallization of a-Si:H as well as on its degradation under illumination, two subjects of great interest for the optimization of photovoltaic devices. The first part is about the role of hydrogen in the Staebler-Wronski effect. Our results show that hydrogen effuses from the film under illumination due to long range diffusion of hydrogen under light soaking. This induces changes that depend on the structure of the material: i) relaxation and densification in the case of a-Si:H, ii) accumulation of hydrogen on the surface of crystallites in the case of a nanostructured material (pm-Si:H). In the second part of this work, we study effects of exposing of a-Si:H film to hydrogen plasma. In the case of a reactor with clean walls, this leads to the diffusion of hydrogen in the film and its etching. In the case of a-Si:H covered walls, besides the initial diffusion of hydrogen, we also observe the deposition of a µc-Si:H layer by chemical transport, and the crystallization of ~10 nm of the a-Si:H substrate. This crystallization is accompanied by the hydrogen outdiffusion from the film back to plasma. This can be explained by the drift of hydrogen due the electric field generated at the interface of the µc-Si:H/ a-Si:H layer
Lacanilao, Arnold. "Influence de fondants fluorés et de la dégradation thermique sur les propriétés structurales et optiques du luminophore bleu BaMgA110O17." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831609.
Повний текст джерелаFerranti, Vincent. "Etude de la biodégradation ou de la dégradation in vitro de molécules à structure lactame : la primidone et le N-hydroxythalidomide." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEA007.
Повний текст джерелаDrug's side effects during therapeutic medications are often induced by in vivo formation of toxic compounds. In vivo and in vitro primidone oxidation and thalidomide hydrolysis give teratogenic products. To determine conditions of chemical stabilization of these two compounds with lactame structure, we compared encapsulated primidone and free primidone metabolisms and thalidomide and its Nhydroxylated derivative hydrolysis product, in vitro. For primidone, we investigated its nanoencapsulation to modify its metabolism and to obtain a best chemical stability, in vivo. Primidone loaded nanocapsules are drug delivery systems prepared according to the interfacial deposition of poly-Ecaprolactone at the interface of benzylalcohol emulsion droplets containing primidone. We elaborated two analytical technics to control primidone encapsulation efficiency, in a first time and to determine simultaneously the urinary and fecal concentration of primidone and its three major metabolites, in a second time. Oral administration of nanocapsules protected primidone against its metabolization. We observed modifications of its oxidative metabolism. For N-Hydroxythalidomide, chirality significance led us to separate the enantiomeric forms under chiral chromatographic conditions. We studied the kinetic of NHydroxythalidomide hydrolysis to define the stability with a HPLC method, in vitro. Hydrolysis products were separated by HPLC and identified with , H NMR and LCMS. This study showed that hydroxy group stabilized the glutarimide ring. Phthalimide ring cleaved casier than glutarimide ring in aqueous medium, in vitro
Assadi, Roxana. "Modifications structurales non réversibles lors du recyclage du poly (téréphtalate d'éthylène)." Paris, ENSAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENAM0022.
Повний текст джерелаGreffe, Lionel. "Obtention de dextrines limites non-naturelles, analogues de substrat pour étudier les relations structure/fonction d'enzymes intervenant dans la dégradation de l'amidon." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10028.
Повний текст джерелаDiakhaté, Malick. "Fatigue et comportement des couches d’accrochage dans les structures de chaussée." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6571d719-9eba-4e0e-be37-58cb8a5632eb/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4037.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe research work presented in this PhD thesis lies within the framework of a partnership between the laboratory Mechanics and Modeling of Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering (3MSCE, University of Limoges) and Eurovia, a subsidiary of the VINCI Group. The study aims at better understanding the mechanistic behavior of tack coats spread at the interface between two asphalt concrete (AC) layers. This behavior is characterized through a large experimental campaign. Then, the tests results are used in a finite element program. This program allows the pavement structure engineer to predict, on the one hand, the durability of the bonding at the interface, and on the other hand, the effect of modeling the interface behavior on the pavement response. In this research project, a laboratory double shear test device is designed and manufactured. By means of a mono-axis hydraulic press, the device allows applying a double shear loading at the interfaces of a symmetrical specimen which is consisted of three AC layers. Thus, monotonic, oligocyclic and fatigue tests are carried out at 10 and 20°C on an interface BBTM/BBSG (very thin AC layer overlaid on a dense AC layer). This interface is with or without tack coat (a cationic rapid-set emulsion with pure bitumen). The oligocyclic and fatigue tests were carried out in a force controlled mode, and lead to very innovative and interesting results. Three failure criteria are analyzed. The results clearly show that the lack of tack coat reduces the fatigue performance of the bonding (interface). Through the analysis of the results, a method is proposed, and allows predicting the fatigue law of the bonding from the monotonic shear tests results. This shear tests campaign is completed by a series of laboratory monotonic torque tests. Besides the characterization of the tack coats shear behavior, the experimental conditions where the torque and the double shear tests results are similar are specified. The last part of this work deals with, on the one hand, the effect of the interface shear behavior on the pavement structure design, and on the other hand, the effect of the repeated horizontal loads on the fatigue of the bonding at the interface. Two finite element models (2D and 3D) are developed in order to evaluate the mechanistic response of the pavement subjected to the French standard axle. Findings from this numerical simulation show that, when taking into account the horizontal loads, the fatigue of the bonding becomes predominant during the pavement structure design
Gaudichet-Maurin, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation et vieillissement d'une membrane d'ultrafiltration d'eau." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001528.
Повний текст джерелаTixier, Thomas. "Les communautés coprophiles : un modèle pour la compréhension du lien entre structure et fonctionnement face aux perturbations." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30090/document.
Повний текст джерелаAssemblages of species colonizing droppings constitute interesting systems for study due to the nature of the resource they exploit and the role they exert in the grazed ecosystems. A wide diversity of insects, mainly flies and beetles, colonize dung pats and contribute to their disappearance allowing a contribution in nutrients to the pasture. Understanding the relationship between these species and the ecological functions they perform represents therefore a stake to maintain this system and ensure its proper functioning. Some molecules administered as endectocides to livestock, such as ivermectin, impact the coprophile community structure by their toxic effects on certain taxonomic groups such as Sepsidae. Although their effects are significant on the emergence of coprophilous insects, dung disappearance was not affected. It is then advisable to remain careful on the long-term effects of this type of chemicals, even if the short-term effects are not relevant. The first week of colonization by the wave of coprophagous insects appear essential for complete dung degradation while the second week of colonization by predators reduced the speed of degradation. Therefore the whole coprophilous community does not accelerate the process of recycling dung. An increase of the numbers of dung beetles accelerates the disappearance of dung pats and the loss of litter in the soil. However, all species do not contribute in the same manner to the functioning of the system. The largest tunnelers bury larger amounts of fecal matter and thus they facilitate exchange of nutrients between soil and dung. Important trails remain to be developed concerning the factors influencing colonization and the interactions between organisms before to be able to use dung beetles as bioindicators and to measure their services