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Статті в журналах з теми "Deficiency of assets":
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GUPTA, UMESH C., Y. W. JAME, C. A. CAMPBELL, A. J. LEYSHON, and W. NICHOLAICHUK. "BORON TOXICITY AND DEFICIENCY: A REVIEW." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 381–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-044.
Анотація:
In this review the soil and environmental factors influencing B toxicity and deficiency in plants are discussed with the main emphasis being given to B toxicity. Some of the topics covered are sources of B, importance of B to plants, deficiency and toxicity criteria, factors affecting B sorption, quantification of B sorption, difficulties encountered in appraising B deficiency and toxicity limits and confusion in the specification of available B units, Eaton’s sand culture work — its assets and weaknesses, B fertilization of crops, B toxicity due to irrigation, and B equilibrium in soils. Suggested areas requiring further research are delineated. Key words: Plant boron, soil boron, boron adsorption characteristics of soil, irrigation management
2
Taslina Pervin and Emdadul Hoque. "Profitability measurement of selected Islamic Shariah-based private commercial banks in Bangladesh: A comparative Study." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.0999.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the profitability of five selected five Islami banks with a Shariah foundation and to determine whether these banks are more or less profitable. This study makes use of secondary data that was gathered from selected banks' annual reports between 2013 and 2022. This study employed a parametric approach; comparisons were assessed using descriptive analysis; the ANOVA test was used to assess reliability; and multiple regressions was utilized to assess impact. SPSS version 2014 is utilized for multiple regression analysis, and Excel 10 is used for ANOVA tests. The results indicate that the profitability of the selected banks is fairly high, with every bank under examination achieving favorable outcomes. The percentage of deposits with assets and the distribution of assets among the sample banks are not moderate. The inadequate asset allocation of FSIBPLC is indicated by its low return on assets. Furthermore, the bank has a deficiency in the area of net profit margin (NPM). Additionally, SIBL's debt collection and repayment are inadequate. Investors will be deterred from investing by the significant variations in return on equity found in almost every bank during the research period. Reducing overhead costs and enhancing the appropriate distribution of loans and advances will boost operating income and net profit efficiency. Above all, FSIBPLC and AIBPLC have fared well across the board. To optimize their profitability, the three remaining banks—IBBPLC, SIBL, and UBBPLC—had to step up their efforts.
3
Udoh, Edet J., Sunday B. Akpan, and Edikan Francis Uko. "Assessment of Sustainable Livelihood Assets of Farming Households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (July 30, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n4p83.
Анотація:
There is surfeit of evidence on increase poverty and low agricultural productivity among majority of rural dwellers in Nigeria. Researches have established an inverse linked between rural poverty and sustainable households’ asset based. Agricultural production, being the major livelihood source for majority of rural dwellers needs considerable asset or capital for it to be considered as sustainable. Based on this assertion, the study assesses the sustainable livelihood assets of farming households in Abak Local Government area of Akwa Ibom state in Southern region of Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 110 farming household heads in the study area. Structured questionnaires were used to collect cross sectional data from respondents. Descriptive tools were used to analyse data collected. The socioeconomic features of respondents revealed a sample population that is fast ageing, dominated by married male and moderately educated. Result also showed that, respondents had considerable piles of physical, social and natural assets to assist in livelihood sustenance. However, the index of capacity structure of sustainable livelihood assets revealed a huge deficiency in financial and human assets among farming households in the region. Hence, it is recommended that, farming households should increase their human assets by encouraging education of the younger household members. Also, efforts should be made to improve social capital formation among farming households and communities.
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Verma, Preeti, Pankaj Gupta, and Amarjeet Singh. "A Comprehensive Survey on Novel Fault Current Limiters in Wind Energy Conversion System." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 12, no. 01 (June 30, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v12i01.10.
Анотація:
The interest for power is expanding at a very high rate, and the generation of power is running in front of supply. The presentation of distributed vitality assets is the greatest change happening to the dispersion arrangement. There is an expanded reconciliation of distributed vitality assets with the circulation arrange utilizing power hardware converters to meet the consistently expanding request of power. In the future, normally, the entrance level of appropriated vitality assets will further increment. The association of circulated vitality assets with the circulation system brings about increment in the estimation of issue current, which can cause unusual conditions in the whole control framework to arrange. The equipment introduced at the producing station and the substation is over the top expensive. In this way, it is important to shield this equipment from the fault current. A fault current limiter (FCL) is a progressive power framework device that beats the issues because of expanded deficiency current levels. It is a device that lessens the imminent issue flows to a lower sensible level. In this paper principals of activity and structures of the different current limiter is examined. It surrenders short and to-date writing audit of regular shortcoming current constraining gadgets just as deficiency momentum constraining gadgets which are still in an examination or improvement arrange.
5
Polidi, T. "Accumulated Deficiency of Housing Investments in Russia:Threats and Prospects." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2014): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-4-37-55.
Анотація:
The author presents estimations of economic distortions in the Russian housing sector, which have become the result of the housing policy of the last 70 years. Such distortions are explained by the deficiency of investment required for supporting existing housing assets. The author suggests mechanisms for eliminating the gap between investment required and actual one. The study results allow justify the goal of the state housing policy in Russia and determine the optimal strategy for achieving this goal using available resources.
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Hawk, Ashton, Jeffrey J. Reuer, and Andrew Garofolo. "The Impact of Firm Speed Capabilities on the Decision to Partner or Go It Alone." Strategy Science 6, no. 3 (September 2021): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2020.0122.
Анотація:
This study empirically examines the role of intrinsic speed capabilities, which refer to the ability to execute investment projects faster than competitors, in shaping corporations’ choice of alliances versus autonomous project development. Our basic premise is that firms lacking intrinsic speed capabilities (i.e., slow firms) are more likely to turn to alliances to supplement their capability deficiency. However, we expect that the ability of slow firms to partner with fast firms hinges on the former’s possession of complementary supporting assets. Our empirical analyses furnish evidence supporting these ideas using data from the global liquefied natural gas industry.
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Tretyakov, V. D. "Scientific Methodological Approach to Optimization of Machine-Building Enterprise’s Order Portfolio Execution Plan in the Conditions of Deficiency of Circulating Assets." Bulletin of Ural Federal University. Series Economics and Management 18, no. 2 (2019): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2019.18.2.011.
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Aslinda, Wery, Elvyrah Faisal, Asriani, and Bahja. "Workshop On The Implementation Of Balanced Nutrition Messages To Prevent Anemia In Female Adolescent." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Svasta Harena 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33860/jpmsh.v1i2.491.
Анотація:
Adolescents are the nation's assets for the creation of a better future generation. Adolescence is a time of rapid changes in terms of physical, cognitive, psychosocial or behavioral growth. Female adolescent often experience problems, one of which is anemia. Anemia is a deficiency (deficiency) of red blood cells due to low hemoglobin levels in the body. Anemia that occurs in female adolescent can interfere with the process of growth and development. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge and awareness of female adolescent regarding balanced nutrition messages and anemia. The method used is public education by utilizing the media (food model). The results of this activity showed that 30.5% of female adolescent had anemia, 41,7% of female adolescent with good knowledge, and increased to 93,3% after training. The conclusion of this community service activity is that there is an increase in knowledge and awareness of female adolescent related to anemia by implementing a balanced nutrition messages. Through this activity, participants are expected to maintain a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition guidelines and make efforts to prevent anemia.
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Botes, Vida, Rory Diver, and Howard Davey. "Preserving the past: an accountability study of the annual reporting practices by leading museums in USA, UK and Europe." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 893–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c11p1.
Анотація:
Museums as custodians of important cultural heritage assets attract significant sponsorship from government and communities and a need exists to understand how the resources made available are being spent, to maintain and increase the value of these assets. The significance placed on museums warrants further investigation into their accountability and the purpose of this paper is to analyse museums reporting practices, as a way to discharge performance accountability. The reporting practices of the world’s leading museums in the USA versus those predominately located in the UK (with a small focus on Europe) were examined, compared and contrasted, in order to suggest better practice for improved accountability in in annual reporting so as assist in improving the governance of museums. To assess the annual reports, a modified version of a research instrument which works in conjunction with the balanced scorecard framework to evaluate performance accountability, namely the Museums’ Performance Accountability Index (MPADI) by Wei, Davey and Coy (2008) has been adopted. Evidence is found that the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard were emphasized differently between USA and UK/European institutions. The findings demonstrate areas of strength s but also recommend improved reporting practices for museums. The study draws out a number of detailed observations which offers suggestions for better practice in reporting by museums. Until recently there has been little research on the performance and accountability of this sector. This work assists in addressing this deficiency.
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Shroff, Nemit. "Real Effects of PCAOB International Inspections." Accounting Review 95, no. 5 (October 21, 2019): 399–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52635.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT This paper examines the effect of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) international inspection program on companies' financing and investing decisions. Difference-in-differences regression estimates suggest that companies respond to their auditor receiving a “deficiency-free” inspection report by issuing additional external capital amounting to 1.4 percent of assets and increasing investment by 0.5 percent of assets. These effects are larger for (1) financially constrained companies and (2) companies located in countries where there is no regulator or the regulator does not conduct inspections. Further, the effect on financing decisions is stronger in countries with (1) low corruption, (2) strong rule of law, and (3) high regulatory quality. Descriptive evidence suggests that inspections increase the use of financial covenants in debt contracts, which is likely one of the mechanisms through which inspections generate real effects. This paper documents the value of PCAOB inspections in mitigating financing frictions for non-U.S. companies. JEL Classifications: D8; D25; G15; G31; G38; M4; M41; M42. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Дисертації з теми "Deficiency of assets":
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Kouassi, Koffi Samir Rehmann. "L'extension d 'une procédure collective." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0130.
Анотація:
L’extension d’une procédure collective est une création jurisprudentielle consacrée par la loi de sauvegarde des entreprises du 26 juillet 2005. Elle a pour objectif de reconstituer artificiellement le patrimoine séparé du débiteur. Ainsi, elle va consister à étendre la procédure collective initiale à une ou plusieurs personnes physiques ou morales. L’extension de procédure collective revêt un avantage considérable pour le débiteur dans la mesure où elle va lui offrir plus de possibilités et de moyens lui permettant de résoudre au mieux ses difficultés. De même pour le créancier qui verra le patrimoine du débiteur réuni à celui d’une tierce personne. Son fondement juridique est l’article L. 621-2 du code de commerce. Il dispose que le tribunal doit caractériser l’existence d’une confusion de patrimoine ou la fictivité avant de prononcer un jugement d’extension de procédure collective. La jurisprudence contribue grandement à l’évolution législative de l’extension de procédure collective. En dépit de la codification de cette procédure, la jurisprudence y occupe une place omniprésente. Ce rôle s’explique par le fait que le législateur laisse au juge le pouvoir d’interpréter et d’apprécier l’extension de procédure collective, sur la base de ses deux causes qui sont respectivement la confusion de patrimoine et la fictivité. Quel est donc le pouvoir d’appréciation laissé au juge ? Il s’agit de l’interprétation dont dispose ce dernier concernant l’existence de la fictivité ou de la confusion de patrimoine. Ainsi donc, pour prononcer une extension de procédure collective sur la base de la confusion de patrimoine, le juge doit nécessairement caractériser l’existence de relations financières anormales ou l’imbrication inextricable des patrimoines, à savoir celui du débiteur principal et celui ou ceux des personnes à qui il voudrait étendre la procédure collective.L’appréciation du caractère fictif de la personne morale est le cas le moins fréquent mais reste le plus complexe à déterminer. Les juges ont la lourde responsabilité de déceler la fictivité d’une personne morale et se heurtent la plupart du temps aux divers montages financiers établis dans les groupes de sociétés.Le juge n’a pas à chercher si la confusion de patrimoine entre deux personnes physiques ou morales a causé un préjudice au débiteur principal pour étendre sa procédure collective. Cet encadrement législatif laisse apparaître que les juges sont libres de prononcer l’extension de procédure collective en prenant en compte le fait qu’un contrôle rigoureux de leur décision est réalisé par la Cour de cassation. En outre, au regard des intérêts divergents du débiteur et du créancier, mais aussi en raison de l’impact des décisions d’extension de procédure collective sur la vie économique de ces deux catégorie de personnes, les décisions prononçant l’extension de procédure collective font l’objet d’un contrôle rigoureux de la part de la Cour de Cassation.Toutefois si cette procédure recèle bien des avantages, il n’en demeure pas moins, qu’au regard de sa pratique, certaines réformes pourraient permettre de l’améliorerThe extension of a collective procedure is a jurisprudential creation enshrined in the law on the protection of companies of 26 July 2005. Its objective is to artificially reconstitute the debtor's prepared assets. Thus, it will consist in extending the initial collective procedure to one or more natural or legal persons. The extension of collective proceedings is of considerable benefit to the debtor insofar as it will offer him more possibilities and means to solve his difficulties as well as possible. The same applies to the creditor who will see the debtor's assets combined with those of a third party.Its legal basis is Article L. 621-2 of the French Commercial Code. It provides that the court must characterize the existence of a Confusion of patrimony or fictitious nature before pronouncing a judgment extending collective proceedings. Case law contributes significantly to the legislative evolution of the extension of collective proceedings. Despite the codification of this procedure, case law is omnipresent. This role is explained by the fact that the legislator gives the judge the power to interpret and assess the extension of collective proceedings, on the basis of its two causes, namely confusion of assets and fictitious acts. What is the discretion left to the judge? This is the latter's interpretation of the existence of fictitious or confusing assets. Thus, therefore, in order to pronounce an extension of collective proceedings on the basis of the Confusion of Assets, the judge must necessarily characterise the existence of abnormal financial relations or the inextricable interweaving of assets, namely that of the principal debtor and that of the person or persons to whom he would like to extend the collective proceedings.The assessment of the fictitious nature of the legal person is the least frequent case but remains the most complex to determine. Judges have a heavy responsibility to detect the fictitious nature of a legal person and most often encounter the various financial arrangements established within corporate groups.The need not to look for whether the confusion of assets between two natural or legal persons has caused prejudice to the principal debtor in order to extend his collective proceedings. This legislative framework shows that judges are free to extend collective proceedings, taking into account the fact that their decision is rigorously reviewed by the Court of Cassation. In addition, in view of the divergent interests of the debtor and the creditor, but also because of the impact of decisions to extend collective proceedings on the economic life of these two categories of persons, decisions ordering the extension of collective proceedings are subject to rigorous control by the Court of Cassation.However, while there are many advantages to this procedure, the fact remains that, in terms of its practice, some reforms could improve it
2
Truong, Thuong. "La responsabilité des associés des sociétés commerciales." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020051.
Анотація:
La responsabilité des associés est une notion peu évoquée dans les enseignements du droit des sociétés. Dans les sociétés in bonis, et s’agissant de rapports externes, la responsabilité personnelle des associés pourrait être engagée pour faute détachable. Mais le principe d’un engagement de la responsabilité personnelle des associés, dans les rapports avec des tiers, est contesté, compte tenu du caractère essentiellement interne de leur activité. Dans une procédure collective, la non-responsabilité de la mère des actes de sa filiale, est contestée. Le développement de cette contestation est favorisé grâce à des armes de poursuite efficaces de l’arsenal répressif, des armes à utiliser dans un environnement hautement dérogatoire des procédures collectives. On constate une certaine tendance aggravante de la responsabilité de la mère, notamment dans le domaine social et dans l’environnement. La recherche d’une meilleure protection des victimes, pousse le législateur à légiférer dans des ilots en difficulté, distillant le caractère irréversible des solutions partielles et spécifiques, et forçant de ce fait, le passage vers l’instauration d’une présomption de responsabilité de la mère des actes de sa filiale. Pourtant, un arsenal répressif important et efficace existe, et des pistes permettent d’adoucir la responsabilité de la mère tout en la faisant participer aux difficultés de sa filialeThe liability of shareholders is a notion not often referred to in coursebook. In in bonis companies, and in the case of external relationships, the shareholder personal liability could be engaged for ‘ fault detachable’. However, the principle of a commitment to personal liability on the part of shareholders in relations with third parties is contested, due to the essentially internal nature of their activity In a collective procedure, the non-liability of the parent company for the acts of their subsidiary is challenged. The development of this challenge is facilitated by powerful weapons of the repressive arsenal, weapons to be used in a highly derogatory environment of collective procedures. There is an aggravating trend in the parent company responsibility, particularly in regard to social and environmental domains. The search for a better protection of the victims pushes the legislator to legislate on isolated problematic issues, distilling the irreversible character of partial and specific solutions, and thus forcing the passage towards the establishment of a presumption of liability of the parent company for the acts of their subsidiary. However, there is a large and effective repressive arsenal, and there are avenues to limit the parent company’s liability while involving them in their subsidiary problems
3
Kattaru, Dattavardhan M. "Quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess iron and energy intake of adolescents in rural India." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009kattarud.pdf.
4
Verma, Nitin. "A Pilot Survey to Assess the Vitamin A Status of Children Aged 6-72 months in the Ramu Region of Papua New Guinea." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/355.
Анотація:
Papua New Guinea has been classified by the World Health Organisation as an area where clinical vitamin A deficiency (VAD) exists. This is at variance with the experience of the local physicians who do not encounter classical VAD in clinical practice. This pilot study was carried out to resolve this contradiction, since many suggestions have been made to fortify foods with Vitamin A. If done in the absence of concrete data to back up this classification, it could take the focus away from the real problem as well as potentially create problems of Vitamin A toxicity. Therefore, answers from this study could have far reaching implications in a country such as PNG, which has high childhood mortality and limited financial and manpower resources. The objective of this study was to determine the vitamin A status and identify risk factors of VAD in children aged 6 months to 6 years in a rural area of Papua New Guinea. The survey was carried out in the Ramu region of Madang province. Households and children were randomly selected and standard questionnaires were used to collect information about diet, previous illnesses and night blindness. The weight and height of all children was recorded and an ocular and physical examination carried out by trained personnel. In addition, haemoglobin estimation and examination of blood films for malaria parasites was carried out in all the children. In a randomly selected number of children, estimations of serum retinol and other micronutrient levels were carried out. Results: A total of 609 children were enrolled in the study. Biochemical parameters were studied in 106 of them .The mean age of the children was 35 months. Possible night blindness was reported in 4 children. No xerophthalmia was seen. The prevalence of serum retinol levels ( 0.7 (mol/L (WHO suggested cut off values for subclinical VAD) was 10.3%. Anthropometric indicators indicated a high proportion of the children had stunting and wasting or both. Analysis of dietary patterns, maternal literacy, food availability and other surrogate indicators indicated that the population is at mild-moderate risk of developing VAD. In conclusion, no evidence of clinical vitamin A deficiency was found. Subclinical vitamin A deficiency seemed to occur in this population at a level of mild-moderate public health importance. Further studies need to be carried out to assess the situation in different areas in PNG before policy decisions can be made with regards to mass vitamin A supplementation.
5
Verma, Nitin. "A Pilot Survey to Assess the Vitamin A Status of Children Aged 6-72 months in the Ramu Region of Papua New Guinea." University of Sydney. NT Clinical School, Flinders University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/355.
Анотація:
Papua New Guinea has been classified by the World Health Organisation as an area where clinical vitamin A deficiency (VAD) exists. This is at variance with the experience of the local physicians who do not encounter classical VAD in clinical practice. This pilot study was carried out to resolve this contradiction, since many suggestions have been made to fortify foods with Vitamin A. If done in the absence of concrete data to back up this classification, it could take the focus away from the real problem as well as potentially create problems of Vitamin A toxicity. Therefore, answers from this study could have far reaching implications in a country such as PNG, which has high childhood mortality and limited financial and manpower resources. The objective of this study was to determine the vitamin A status and identify risk factors of VAD in children aged 6 months to 6 years in a rural area of Papua New Guinea. The survey was carried out in the Ramu region of Madang province. Households and children were randomly selected and standard questionnaires were used to collect information about diet, previous illnesses and night blindness. The weight and height of all children was recorded and an ocular and physical examination carried out by trained personnel. In addition, haemoglobin estimation and examination of blood films for malaria parasites was carried out in all the children. In a randomly selected number of children, estimations of serum retinol and other micronutrient levels were carried out. Results: A total of 609 children were enrolled in the study. Biochemical parameters were studied in 106 of them .The mean age of the children was 35 months. Possible night blindness was reported in 4 children. No xerophthalmia was seen. The prevalence of serum retinol levels ( 0.7 (mol/L (WHO suggested cut off values for subclinical VAD) was 10.3%. Anthropometric indicators indicated a high proportion of the children had stunting and wasting or both. Analysis of dietary patterns, maternal literacy, food availability and other surrogate indicators indicated that the population is at mild-moderate risk of developing VAD. In conclusion, no evidence of clinical vitamin A deficiency was found. Subclinical vitamin A deficiency seemed to occur in this population at a level of mild-moderate public health importance. Further studies need to be carried out to assess the situation in different areas in PNG before policy decisions can be made with regards to mass vitamin A supplementation.
6
Pike, Gillian. "Investigation of the role of global haemostasis assays and bleeding scores in the assessment and management of patients with Factor XI deficiency." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-of-the-role-of-global-haemostasis-assays-and-bleeding-scores-in-the-assessment-and-management-of-patients-with-factor-xi-deficiency(0ff0defc-ba60-4f91-b283-86cb3fe0c9c5).html.
Анотація:
The clinical management of Factor XI (FXI) deficiency is problematic due to the marked phenotypic heterogeneity between individuals with this disorder and the lack of a reliable test to predict bleeding risk. FXI-deficient individuals are currently at risk of being over- or under treated, with associated risks of transfusion-related complications or haemorrhage respectively. The improvement of care of FXI-deficient patients requires the development of measures that can predict bleeding phenotype and enable the identification of individuals who need treatment at times of haemostatic challenge. In addition, for those requiring treatment, there is a need for development of tests which can determine the optimal type and dose of FXI replacement on an individually tailored basis, as well as assays which can accurately monitor the effect of treatment and guide clinicians in the requirement for further perioperative treatment. This thesis addresses these objectives by studying global haemostasis assays and bleeding scores as tools to predict bleeding tendency and by studying the utility of global haemostasis assays as potential tests by which FXI replacement treatment can be determined and monitored. For prediction of bleeding tendency, this research demonstrated that the thrombin generation assay (TGA) was able to differentiate bleeding tendency provided the sample conditions used in the assay were optimised to assess FXI involved coagulation pathways thought to be of relevance in vivo: using platelet rich plasma with inhibition of in vitro contact activation and a low tissue factor trigger. Thromboelastometry measured using the same sample type was similarly able to distinguish bleeding phenotype. However, when the potential clinical utility of the assays was compared using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, thromboelastometry was inferior to TGA as an identifier of bleeding tendency. When the thromboelastometry sample type used was whole blood, or where assays were performed in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator the assays did not differentiate bleeding phenotype. For purposes of treatment planning, the potential of the TGA to determine the optimal dose of FXI replacement was assessed by in vitro spiking experiments using two commercially available FXI concentrates and samples from individuals with major FXI deficiency. Each concentrate improved thrombin generation, but dose response curves were found to differ, suggesting different properties for the two products. The clinical utility of the approach was then demonstrated with comparable TGA results obtained in ex vivo samples from patients treated with FXI concentrate and baseline samples spiked in vitro with equivalent amounts of the same FXI concentrate. The utility of global haemostasis assays to monitor the effect of FXI replacement in FXI-deficient individuals undergoing surgery was also tested. Improvement in assay parameters after treatment with solvent-detergent fresh frozen plasma or FXI concentrate was demonstrated suggesting assay value in FXI replacement monitoring. Finally the use of recently developed bleeding assessment tools and bleeding scores as descriptive, diagnostic or predictive measures was tested along with correlation with FXI:C levels and TGA parameters. This analysis confirmed that bleeding scores have a limited value in the clinical assessment of FXI deficiency.
7
CORNO, ANNA ROSA. "CARENZA CONGENITA DI ANTITROMBINA E DIAGNOSI DI LABORTORIO: QUALE TEST FUNZIONALE?" Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233996.
Анотація:
Introduzione - La carenza congenita di Antitrombina (AT), che espone a rischio trombotico di tipo prevalentemente venoso, viene classificata in tipo I (difetto quantitativo) o tipo II (difetto qualitativo). I difetti qualitativi possono interessare il sito reattivo (Reactive Site, RS) o il sito di legame dell’AT con l’eparina (Heparin Binding Site, HBS), oppure possono avere effetto pleiotropico (PE). I test di screening, che misurano la capacità dell’AT, presente nel plasma, di neutralizzare la trombina (attività anti-IIa) o il Fattore Xa (attività anti-Xa) in presenza di eparina, sono in grado di evidenziare la maggior parte dei difetti dell’AT; tuttavia, sono stati osservati risultati discrepanti (valore normale vs. valore patologico) con i due differenti metodi. Scopo della tesi è quello di valutare la concordanza tra un test AT anti-Xa e un test AT anti-IIa e di valutare la relativa capacità di individuare le carenze di AT.
Materiali e Metodi – La popolazione in studio è costituita dal gruppo “routine e trombofilici” (493 soggetti con prescrizione del test AT) e dal gruppo “carenti noti” (23 soggetti con carenza nota di AT e 18 familiari). I dosaggi dell’attività dell’AT sono stati effettuati con i metodi AT anti-Xa (HemosIL, Instrumentation Laboratory) e AT anti-IIa (home-made). Una popolazione di controllo (n= 100) è stata utilizzata per definire i relativi intervalli di riferimento. In 21 soggetti con carenza di AT è stata effettuata la ricerca di mutazioni nel gene SERPINC1 (Universitair Ziekenhuis di Bruxelles).
Risultati – I risultati di AT% ottenuti con i due metodi sono altamente correlati (rho di Spearman >0.70); tuttavia, sono stati riscontrati 8 dati discordanti (3 nel gruppo “routine e trombofilici”, 5 nel gruppo “carenti noti”). L’analisi genetica ha identificato la presenza di mutazioni nel gene SERPINC1 in 18/21 soggetti studiati, 5 dei quali con valori di attività AT discordanti. Infatti, valori normali di AT anti-Xa si sono ottenuti per il difetto Cambridge II (II RS), mentre il test AT anti-IIa ha fornito valori normali per un difetto HBS. Valori di AT patologici concordi sono stati ottenuti per 5 carenze di tipo I, mentre si sono ottenuti risultati di AT normali con entrambi i metodi per altre 2 carenze HBS. Nella popolazione indagata la sensibilità del test AT anti-Xa è 61.1%, quella del test AT anti-IIa è 55.6%. Se si considerano entrambi i test la sensibilità diventa 72.2%. Se si utilizza in aggiunta anche il rapporto tra l’attività AT anti-IIa e l’attività anti-Xa, la sensibilità aumenta a 88.9%.
Conclusioni – I metodi funzionali attualmente a disposizione per il dosaggio dell’AT non sono in grado di individuare tutti i tipi di difetti molecolari dell’AT. L’utilizzo combinato di un test anti-Xa e di un test anti-IIa e del rapporto AT anti-IIa/AT anti-Xa potrebbe aumentare la capacità diagnostica dei dosaggi. I risultati dei test di laboratorio vanno comunque considerati alla luce della storia clinica personale e familiare del soggetto.Introduction – Antithrombin (AT) deficiency, associated with an increased risk for venous thrombosis, is classified into type I (quantitative defect) and type II (qualitative defect). Qualitative defects may affect the reactive site (RS), the heparin binding site (HBS) of AT, or they may have a pleiotropic effect (PE). Screening tests, which measure the ability of AT, in the presence of heparin, to inhibits either thrombin (anti-IIa activity) or FXa (anti-Xa activity), are able to detect most AT deficiencies; however, few cases of discrepancies have been described (i.e. normal vs. pathological value) with the two different methods. Aim of the study was the evaluation of agreement between an anti-Xa assay and an anti-IIa assay for AT, and the evaluation of their ability in detecting AT defects. Materials and Methods – The study population consisted of the “routine and thrombophilic” group (493 patients for which AT test was required) and the “historical deficiencies” group (23 subjects with known AT deficiency and 18 relatives). Anti-Xa HemosIL Antithrombin kit (from Instrumentation Laboratory) and a home-made anti-IIa method were used to measure AT activities. A control group (n= 100) was used to determine AT reference ranges. SERPINC1 gene analysis was carried out for 21 patients (Universitair Ziekenhuis in Bruxelles). Results – The results provided by the two methods showed a high correlation (Spearman rho>0.70); however, 8 discrepant results were observed (3 in the “routine and thrombophilia” group and 5 in the “historical deficiencies” group). Gene analysis confirmed the presence of a molecular defect in 18/21 subjects, 5 of which had also descrepant AT results. In fact, normal anti-Xa AT values were obtained for Cambridge II defect (RS), whereas anti-IIa test provided normal values for a HBS defect. Both methods provided pathological AT values for 5 type I deficiencies but normal AT values for other 2 HBS defects. In the study population AT anti-Xa and AT anti-IIa sensitivity was 61.1% and 55.6%, respectively; when both tests were used, sensitivity increased to 72.2%. When the ratio between AT anti-IIa and AT anti-Xa was added, sensitivity increased to 88.9%. Conclusions – Currently avaible screening tests are not able to detect all molecular defects. However, when anti-Xa assay is carried out together with anti-IIa method, and the ratio between the results provided by both is considered, the diagnostic power is increased. Anyway, laboratory test results should be considered together with personal and familiar clinical history of the single subject under evaluation.
8
Tan, Mustafa Tumer. "Seismic Strengthening Of A Mid-rise Reinforced Concrete Frame Using Cfrps: An Application From Real Life." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610562/index.pdf.
Анотація:
SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF A
MID-RISE REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME
USING CFRPs: AN APPLICATION FROM REAL LIFE
Tan, Mustafa Tümer M.S., Department Of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gü
ney Ö
zcebe Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. BariS Binici May 2009, 162 pages FRP retrofitting allows the utilization of brick infill walls as lateral load resisting elements. This practical retrofit scheme is a strong alternative to strengthen low to mid-rise deficient reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Turkey. The advantages of the FRP applications, to name a few, are the speed of construction and elimination of the need for building evacuation during construction. In this retrofit scheme, infill walls are adopted to the existing frame system by using FRP tension ties anchored the boundary frame using FRP dowels. Results of experiments have previously shown that FRP strengthened infill walls can enhance lateral load carrying capacity and reduce damage by limiting interstory drift deformations. In previous, analytical studies, a detailed mathematical model and a simplified version of the model for compression struts and tension ties was proposed and verified by comparing model estimations with test results. In this study, an existing 9-storey deficient RC building located in Antakya was chosen to design and apply a hybrid strengthening scheme with FRPs and reduced number of shear walls. Linear elastic analysis procedure was utilized (force based assessment technique) along with the rules of Mode Superposition Method for the reftrofit design. FRP retrofit scheme was employed using the simplified model and design was conducted such that life safety performance criterion is satisfied employing elastic spectrum with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years according to the Turkish Earthquake Code 2007. Further analytical studies are performed by using Modal Pushover and Nonlinear Time-History Analyses. At the end of these nonlinear analyses, performance check is performed according to Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, using the strains resulting from the sum of yield and plastic rotations at demand in the critical sections. CFRP retrofitting works started at October 2008 and finished at December 2008 for the building mentioned in this study. Eccentric reinforced concrete shearwall installation is still being undertaken. All construction business is carried out without evacuation of the building occupants. This project is one of the first examples of its kind in Turkey. Keywords: CFRP, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers, Masonry Infill Walls, Reinforced Concrete Infill Walls, Mid-Rise Deficient Structures, Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, Modal Pushover Analysis, Nonlinear Time History Analysis, Linear Elastic Building Assessment
9
Díez, Fernández Carmen. "USING RECOMBINANT HUMAN CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1 (CPS1) FOR STUDYING THIS ENZYME'S FUNCTION, REGULATION, PATHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/52855.
Анотація:
[EN] Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), a 1462-residue mitochondrial enzyme, catalyzes the entry of ammonia into the urea cycle, which converts ammonia, the neurotoxic waste product of protein catabolism, into barely toxic urea. The urea cycle inborn error and rare disease CPS1 deficiency (CPS1D) is inherited with mendelian autosomal recessive inheritance, being due to CPS1 gene mutations (>200 mutations reported), and causing life-threatening hyperammonemia.
We have produced recombinantly human CPS1 (hCPS1) in a baculovirus/insect cell expression system, isolating the enzyme in active and highly purified form, in massive amounts. This has allowed enzyme crystallization for structural studies by X-ray diffraction (an off-shoot of the present studies). This hCPS1 production system allows site-directed mutagenesis and enzyme characterization as catalyst (activity, kinetics) and as protein (stability, aggregation state, domain composition). We have revealed previously unexplored traits of hCPS1 such as its domain composition, the ability of glycerol to replace the natural and essential CPS1 activator N-acetyl-L-glutamate (NAG), and the hCPS1 protection (chemical chaperoning) by NAG and by its pharmacological analog N-carbamyl-L-glutamate (NCG).
We have exploited this system to explore the effects on the activity, kinetic parameters and stability/folding of the enzyme, and to test the disease-causing nature, of mutations identified in patients with CPS1 deficiency (CPS1D). These results, supplemented with those obtained with other non-clinical mutations, have provided novel information on the functions of three non-catalytic domains of CPS1.
We have introduced three CPS1D-associated mutations and one trivial polymorphism in the glutaminase-like domain of CPS1, supporting a stabilizing and an activity-enhancing function of this non-catalytic domain. Two mutations introduced into the bicarbonate phosphorylation domain have shed light on bicarbonate binding and have directly confirmed the importance of this domain for NAG binding to the distant (in the sequence) C-terminal CPS1 domain. The introduction of 18 CPS1D-associated missense mutations mapping in a clinically highly eloquent central non-catalytic domain have proven the disease-causing nature of most of these mutations while showing that in most of the cases they trigger enzyme misfolding and/or destabilization. These results, by proving an important role of this domain in the structural integration of the multidomain CPS1 protein, have led us to call this domain the Integrating Domain.
Finally, we have examined the effects of eight CPS1D-associated mutations, of one trivial polymorphism and of five non-clinical mutations, all of them mapping in the C-terminal domain of the enzyme where NAG binds, whereas we have re-analyzed prior results with another four clinical and five non-clinical mutations affecting this domain. We have largely confirmed the pathogenic nature of the clinical mutations, predominantly because of decreased activity, in many cases due to hampered NAG binding. A few mutations had substantial negative effects on CPS1 stability/folding. Our analysis reveals that NAG activation begins with a movement of the final part of the ß4-¿4 loop of the NAG site. Transmission of the activating signal to the phosphorylation domains involves helix ¿4 from this domain and is possibly transmitted by the mutually homologous loops 1313-1332 and 778-787 (figures are residue numbers) belonging, respectively, to the carbamate and bicarbonate phosphorylation domains. These two homologous loops are called from here on Signal Transmission Loops.[ES] La carbamil fosfato sintetasa 1 (CPS1), una enzima mitocondrial, cataliza la entrada del amonio en el ciclo de la urea, que convierte esta neurotoxina derivada del catabolismo de las proteínas en urea, mucho menos tóxica. El déficit de CPS1 (CPS1D) es un error innato del ciclo de la urea, una enfermedad rara autosómica recesiva, que se debe a mutaciones en el gen CPS1 (>200 mutaciones descritas) y que cursa con hiperamonemia. Hemos producido CPS1 humana recombinante (hCPS1) en un sistema de expresión de células de insecto y baculovirus, y la hemos aislado en forma activa, muy pura y en cantidad elevada. Este sistema de producción de hCPS1 permite la realización de mutagénesis dirigida y la caracterización de la enzima como catalizador (actividad, cinética) y como proteína (estabilidad, estado de agregación y composición de dominios). Hemos revelado características de la hCPS1 antes no exploradas como es la composición de dominios, la capacidad que tiene el glicerol para reemplazar al activador natural y esencial de la CPS1, N-acetil-L-glutamato (NAG), y la protección de la hCPS1 por NAG y por su análogo farmacológico N-carbamil-L-glutamato (NCG) (chaperonas químicas). Hemos utilizado este sistema para explorar los efectos en actividad, parámetros cinéticos y estabilidad/plegamiento de la enzima, y para comprobar la naturaleza patogénica de mutaciones identificadas en pacientes con CPS1D. Estos resultados, junto con los obtenidos con otras mutaciones no clínicas, han aportado información novedosa sobre tres de los dominios no catalíticos de CPS1. Las observaciones realizadas tras introducir en el dominio de tipo glutaminasa de la enzima tres mutaciones asociadas a CPS1D y un polimorfismo trivial, apoyan la contribución de este dominio no catalítico a la estabilidad y a aumentar la actividad de la enzima. Dos mutaciones introducidas en el dominio de fosforilación de bicarbonato han arrojado luz sobre el modo de unión del bicarbonato (un sustrato). Los resultados de estas mutaciones también han confirmado la contribución de este dominio para la unión de NAG, cuyo sitio de unión se encuentra en el dominio C-terminal de CPS1, bastante alejado (en la secuencia) del dominio de fosforilación de bicarbonato. Además, hemos introducido 18 mutaciones de cambio de sentido asociadas a CPS1D, las cuales están localizadas en un dominio no catalítico, central y de elevada elocuencia clínica. Estos resultados han demostrado la naturaleza patogénica de estas mutaciones, ya que en la mayoría de los casos estas mutaciones producen un mal plegamiento o/y desestabilización de la enzima. Debido a que estos resultados han puesto de manifiesto el importante papel de este dominio en la integración estructural de la proteína multidominio CPS1, lo hemos llamado Dominio Integrador. Finalmente, hemos examinado los efectos de 8 mutaciones asociadas a CPS1D, de un polimorfismo trivial y de 5 mutaciones no clínicas, todas localizadas en el dominio C-terminal de la enzima, donde se une NAG. Además, hemos reanalizado resultados anteriores con otras 4 mutaciones clínicas y 5 no clínicas afectando a este dominio. Hemos confirmado el carácter patogénico de las mutaciones clínicas, las cuales predominantemente causan una disminución en la actividad enzimática, en muchos casos debida a que la unión de NAG se encuentra obstaculizada. Unas pocas mutaciones mostraron efectos negativos en la estabilidad/plegamiento de CPS1. Nuestros análisis revelan que la activación por el NAG empieza con un movimiento de la parte final del bucle ß4-¿4 del sitio de NAG. La transmisión de la señal activadora a los dominios de fosforilación implica a la hélice ¿4 de este dominio y posiblemente se transmite a través de los bucles homólogos 1313-1332 y 778-787 (numeración de residuos) pertenecientes, respectivamente, a los dominios de fosforilación de carbamato y bicarbonato. Por ello, hemos llamado a ambos bucles Bucles de
[CAT] La carbamil fosfat sintetasa 1 (CPS1), un enzim mitocondrial, catalitza l'entrada d'amoni en el cicle de la urea, que convertix l'amoni, producte neurotòxic del catabolisme de les proteïnes, en urea, una molècula molt poc tòxica. El dèficit de CPS1 (CPS1D) és un error innat del cicle de la urea, una malaltia rara autosòmica recessiva, que es deu a mutacions en el gen CPS1 (>200 mutacions descrites) i que cursa amb hiperamonièmia. Hem produït CPS1 humana recombinant (hCPS1) en un sistema d'expressió de cèl·lules d'insecte i baculovirus, i l'hem aïllada en forma activa, molt pura i en gran quantitat. Això ha permés la cristal·lització de l'enzim per a estudis estructurals amb difracció de raios-X (treball no inclòs en esta tesi Aquest sistema de producció de hCPS1 permet la realització de mutagènesi dirigida i la caracterització de l'enzim com a catalitzador (activitat, cinètica) i com a proteïna (estabilitat, estat d'agregació i composició de dominis). Hem revelat característiques de la hCPS1 no explorades abans com és la composició de dominis, la capacitat que té el glicerol per a reemplaçar l'activador natural i essencial de CPS1, N-acetil-L-glutamat (NAG), i la protecció de la hCPS1 per NAG i pel seu anàleg farmacològic N-carbamil-L-glutamat (NCG) (xaperones químiques) . Hem utilitzat aquest sistema per a explorar els efectes en l'activitat, els paràmetres cinètics i l'estabilitat/plegament de l'enzim, i per a comprovar la naturalesa patogènica de mutacions identificades en pacients amb CPS1D. Aquestos resultats, junt amb els obtinguts amb altres mutacions no clíniques, han aportat informació nova sobre tres dels dominis no catalítics de la CPS1. Les observacions, després d'introduir tres mutacions associades a CPS1D i un polimorfisme trivial en el domini tipus glutaminasa de CPS1, recolzen la contribució d'aquest domini no catalític a l'estabilitat i a l'optimització de l'activitat enzimàtica. Dues mutacions introduïdes en el domini de fosforilació de bicarbonat han esclarit el mode d'unió de bicarbonat. Els resultats d'aquestes mutacions també han confirmat la contribució d'aquest domini per a la unió de NAG, el lloc d'unió de la qual es troba en el domini C-terminal de CPS1, prou allunyat (en la seqüència) del domini de fosforilació de bicarbonat. A més, hem introduït 18 mutacions de canvi de sentit associades a CPS1D, les quals estan localitzades en un domini no catalític, central i d'elevada eloqüència clínica. Aquestos resultats han demostrat la naturalesa patogènica d'aquestes mutacions, ja que, en la majoria dels casos produïxen un mal plegament o/i desestabilització de l'enzim. Pel fet que aquestos resultats han posat de manifest l'important paper d'aquest domini en la integració estructural de la proteïna multidomini CPS1, l'hem anomenat Domini Integrador. Finalment, hem examinat els efectes de huit mutacions associades a CPS1D, un polimorfisme trivial i cinc mutacions no clíniques, totes elles localitzades en el domini C-terminal de l'enzim, on s'unix NAG. A més, hem reanalitzat resultats anteriors amb altres quatre mutacions clíniques i cinc no clíniques que afecten aquest domini. Hem confirmat el caràcter patogènic de les mutacions clíniques, les quals predominantment causen una disminució en l'activitat enzimàtica, en molts casos pel fet que la unió de NAG es troba obstaculitzada. Unes poques mutacions van mostrar efectes negatius substancials en l'estabilitat/plegament de CPS1. Les nostres anàlisis revelen que l'activació de NAG comença amb un moviment de la part final del bucle ß4-¿4 del lloc de NAG. La transmissió del senyal activadora als dominis de fosforilació involucra l'hèlix ¿4 d'aquest domini i es transmet, possiblement, a través dels bucles homòlegs 1313-1332 i 778-787 (numeració dels residus), pertanyents, respectivament, als dominis de fosforilació de carbamato i bicarbonat. Per això, hem anomenat a ambd
Díez Fernández, C. (2015). USING RECOMBINANT HUMAN CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1 (CPS1) FOR STUDYING THIS ENZYME'S FUNCTION, REGULATION, PATHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/52855
TESIS
Книги з теми "Deficiency of assets":
1
J, Haselow Nancy, Rosen David S. 1960-, Sloan Nancy L, and Helen Keller International. Vitamin A Technical Assistance Program., eds. How to use the HKI food frequency method to assess community risk of vitamin A deficiency. Campinas: Helen Keller International, 1993.
2
Rosen, David S., and Nancy J. Haselow. How to Use the Hki Food Frequency Method to Assess Community Risk of Vitamin a Deficiency. Helen Keller Intl, 1997.
3
Pickering, Matthew C., and Jyoti Bakshi. Complement. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0064.
Анотація:
In this chapter we summarize clinically important aspects of complement biology. This information is used to present a comprehensive overview of complement deficiency states and provide a logical basis for understanding complement assays in clinical practice. Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome, a condition associated with anti-C1q antibodies and complement consumption, is discussed. We summarize the use of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets and inhibits complement C5, in the treatment of haemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
4
Pickering, Matthew C., and Jyoti Bakshi. Complement. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0064_update_001.
Анотація:
In this chapter we summarize clinically important aspects of complement biology. This information is used to present a comprehensive overview of complement deficiency states and provide a logical basis for understanding complement assays in clinical practice. Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome, a condition associated with anti-C1q antibodies and complement consumption, is discussed. We summarize the use of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets and inhibits complement C5, in the treatment of haemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
5
Dompere, Kofi Kissi, and Manzur Ejaz. Epistemics of Development Economics. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187134.
Анотація:
The effective use of development economic theories in practice is limited, the authors contend, by the lack of explicit criterion for judging their scientific content. The directional progress of critical research and teaching is also constrained by this deficiency. This study advances a meta-theory designed to assist in evaluating the scientific validity of theories in economic development and how these theories can be improved to assist social practice. Using this model, the study then examines existing theories, dividing them into explanatory and prescriptive theories. The explanatory theories include the stage-based theories of Marx, Schumpeter, and Rostow, and factor-based theories, including capital-based, human-capital-based, and technology-based theories. The prescriptive theories include explanatory-theory-based prescriptions, interventionist prescriptive theories, and theories of economic planning. In conclusion, the authors contend that modern analysis of development economics is plagued with logical ills, misleading notions, and a weak theoretical structure that lacks scientific appeal. Most of the theories, except for those of Marx and Schumpeter, neglect an analysis of the mechanism of change.
6
Quint, David. Getting What You Wish For: A Reading of the Fall. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161914.003.0007.
Анотація:
This chapter relates the separate falls of Eve and Adam in book 9, respectively, to deeply held wishes that Milton reveals in other writings throughout his career. The fall of Eve grows out of the desire to make trial of an otherwise cloistered virtue and to stand approved in the eyes of God: individual recognition, which Milton uneasily assimilates with the wish for fame. Adam, on the other hand, falls in the name of marital love. Both Eve and Adam have good reasons that go wrong when they disobey God, and their respective wishes—the proof, in Eve's case, of one's solitary spiritual worth and sufficiency, the remedying, in Adam's, of one's social deficiency through human love and companionship—survive and are ratified after the Fall when the couple appear to have switched positions. Adam at the poem's end asserts his vertical dependence on the only God, while Eve declares her love for and inseparability from Adam.
7
Potter, Nancy Nyquist. Theorizing defiance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199663866.003.0002.
Анотація:
This chapter presents a general theory of defiance, both in general terms and as it pertains to patients with mental disorders. The author frames defiance as a response to authoritative norms for civility and argues that these norms are, and often should be, questioned by those who are systemically adversely affected by them. Defiance is distinguished from civil disobedience, civil resistance, and other challenges to authority. Aristotle’s virtue ethics is introduced, but with challenges to his neglect of oppressive or disabling conditions on the ability to flourish. The concept of master narratives is used to identify ways that dominant norms for reasoning make it difficult to assess properly when defiance is virtuous, vicious, or a symptom of mental illness. Examples are employed to illustrate what would count as a deficiency, an excess, and the mean. The author also introduces the framework of burdened virtues—virtues that impede flourishing and that do harm to those who develop them.
8
Möller, Bertram, Andrea J. Levinson, and Zafiris J. Daskalakis. Using the TMS-induced Motor-evoked potential to evaluate the neurophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0023.
Анотація:
This article reviews studies carried out on the role of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as an important neurophysiological tool to assess a variety of cortical neurophysiological processes including excitability, inhibition, and plasticity. It discusses how TMS has helped to enhance the understanding of the neurobiology and the treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette's disorder (TD). The findings from these studies demonstrate that TMS is a useful tool to evaluate several neurophysiological processes that may be altered in psychiatric illness. Evidence suggests that disorders including SCZ, MDD, BD, and OCD may, in part, be associated with deficient inhibition, altered cortical excitability, and disrupted neural plasticity. Evidence also suggests that psychotropic medications alter the mechanisms, often in a direction opposite to that of illness, thus reflecting on some of their therapeutic effects.
9
Poll-The, Bwee Tien, Ronald J. A. Wanders, and Hans R. Waterham. Peroxisomal Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0062.
Анотація:
Peroxisomal disorders represent a group of disorders in which there is an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Clinically, a dysfunction of peroxisomes results in most cases in neurologic symptoms of varying extent ranging from severe neurologic symptoms in children to late-onset disease in adults. In most peroxisomal disorders there is ocular and hearing involvement in combination with a multitude of other clinical manifestations. The peroxisomal disorders are subdivided into two major groups: (1) the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), and (2) the single peroxisome enzyme deficiencies. The PBD group comprises the Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctate type 1 (RCDP1) whereas the single peroxisomal enzyme deficiency group contains several different disorders including X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy as the most frequent disorder. Laboratory diagnosis of a peroxisomal disorder involves a variety of different biochemical assays in blood and urine, and should be followed up by detailed biochemical and celbiological studies in cultured fibroblasts including complementation analysis. Prenatal diagnosis is possible either by biochemical testing or by molecular analysis.
10
Stanworth, Simon, and Stuart McKechnie. Pathophysiology of disordered coagulation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0269.
Анотація:
Imbalances in the regulation of haemostasis may manifest as bleeding (depletion of pro-coagulant factors) or thrombosis (deficiency of anti-coagulants). Disordered haemostasis is common in critically-ill patients and may result from infection, trauma, haemorrhage, inflammation, organ dysfunction (notably renal and liver dysfunction), or drug therapy. Complex patterns of coagulopathy where both bleeding and prothrombotic tendencies co-exist are well recognized in critical illness. The limitations of standard laboratory coagulation tests to predict bleeding risk, including activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, are well recognized. These assays were developed for diagnosis of inherited bleeding disorders or for monitoring of anticoagulant therapy. This has led to increased interest in global haemostatic tests, such as viscoelastic and thrombin generation tests. Thromboembolism is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in critically-ill patients. While inherited causes of bleeding appear to be often related to single gene abnormalities, thrombotic tendencies appear to reflect more complex interactions between inherited and acquired factors. Many interactions exist between coagulation pathways and inflammation. Systemic inflammation triggers widespread activation of coagulation, with pro-inflammatory cytokines activating pro-coagulant pathways and downregulating anticoagulant pathways. A net result of this interaction between inflammatory and coagulation pathways in sepsis is thrombin generation, intravascular fibrin deposition and a consumptive coagulopathy.
Частини книг з теми "Deficiency of assets":
1
Nauseef, William M. "Diagnostic Assays for Myeloperoxidase Deficiency." In Neutrophil Methods and Protocols, 525–30. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-467-4_32.
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Nauseef, William M. "Diagnostic Assays for Myeloperoxidase and Myeloperoxidase Deficiency." In Neutrophil Methods and Protocols, 537–46. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-845-4_32.
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Zeng, Lin, Alain Sarasin, and Mauro Mezzina. "Novel Complementation Assays for DNA Repair-Deficient Cells." In DNA Repair Protocols, 87–100. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1608-7_8.
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Murrell, T. Scott, and Dharma Pitchay. "Evaluating Plant Potassium Status." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 219–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_9.
Анотація:
AbstractSeveral methods exist for evaluating plant nutritional status. Looking for visual deficiency symptoms is perhaps the simplest approach, but once symptoms appear, crop performance has already been compromised. Several other techniques have been developed. All of them require correlation studies to provide plant performance interpretations. Reflectance is a remote sensing technique that detects changes in light energy reflected by plant tissue. It has proven successful in detecting nutrient deficiencies but does not yet have the ability to discriminate among more than one deficiency. Chemical assays of leaf tissue, known as tissue tests, require destructive sampling but are the standard against which other assessments are compared. Sufficiency ranges provide concentrations of each nutrient that are considered adequate for crop growth and development. They consider nutrients in isolation. Other approaches have been developed to consider how the concentration of one nutrient in tissue impacts the concentrations of other nutrients. These approaches strive to develop guidelines for maintaining nutrient balance within the plant. All approaches require large data sets for interpretation.
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Dick, John E. "Establishment of Assays for Human Hematopoietic Cells in Immune Deficient Mice." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 219–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74974-2_26.
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Spangler-Bickell, Caitlin. "Integrating Front-of-House with Behind-the-Scenes Practice in Contemporary Art Conservation." In Conservation of Contemporary Art, 341–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42357-4_17.
Анотація:
AbstractThe “biographical approach to contemporary art conservation” has highlighted the efforts required by professionals to maintain the identity of complex artworks, given the changes that occur when they move between biographical stages such as creation, acquisition, installation and storage. Although this model indicates that every life phase should be a locus of professional attention, conservation practice is concentrated more on the transitional phases before and after exhibitions than on the exhibition period itself. Because conservators must turn their skills and energy to preparations for the next exhibition soon after an installation is complete, the exhibition period is an underrepresented biographical phase in conservation—an especially urgent deficiency for works that are only fully “activated” when on display. To remedy that, this chapter argues for expanding the collections care remit to integrate the “front-of-house” with behind-the-scenes conservation practice by making use of “ethnography for conservation” during the exhibition life phase. A participant observation study in the gallery space of the interactive exhibition Take Me (I’m Yours) at Pirelli HangarBicocca illustrates how this methodology, as well as an amplified role for invigilators, can help understand and assess risks, generate mitigation tactics and improve collections care.
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Ouellette, Nadine, France Meslé, Jacques Vallin, and Jean-Marie Robine. "Supercentenarians and Semi-supercentenarians in France." In Demographic Research Monographs, 105–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_9.
Анотація:
AbstractThe purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it attempts to exhaustively identify cases of French supercentenarians and semi-supercentenarians and to validate their alleged age at death. Secondly, it seeks to uncover careful patterns and trends in probabilities of death and life expectancy at very old ages in France. We use three sets of data with varying degrees of accuracy and coverage: nominative transcripts from the RNIPP (Répertoire national d’identification des personnes physiques), death records from the vital statistics system, and “public” lists of individual supercentenarians. The RNIPP stands out as the most reliable source. Based on all deaths registered in the RNIPP at the alleged ages of 110+ for extinct cohorts born between 1883 and 1901, errors are only few, at least for individuals who were born and died in France. For alleged semi-supercentenarians, age validation on a very large sample shows that errors are extremely rare, suggesting the RNIPP data can be used without any verification until age 108 at the minimum. Moreover, a comparison with “public” lists of individual supercentenarians reveals a single missing occurrence only in the RNIPP transcripts since 1991. While the quality of vital statistics data remains quite deficient at very old ages compared to RNIPP, the analytical results show a significant improvement over time at younger old ages. Our RNIPP-based probabilities of death for females appear to level-off at 0.5 between ages 108 and 111, but data becomes too scarce afterwards to assess the trend. Also, we obtain a quite low life expectancy value of 1.2 years at age 108.
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Rusinamhodzi, Leonard, James Njeru, John E. Sariah, Rama Ngatoluwa, and Phlorentin P. Lagwen. "Tillage effect on agronomic efficiency of nitrogen under rainfed conditions of Tanzania." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 246–55. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0014.
Анотація:
Abstract Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a common feature in soils managed by smallholder farmers in Africa. Crop residue retention, in combination with no-till (NT), may be a pathway to improve agronomic use efficiency of applied N for small-scale farmers under the predominant rainfed conditions. This chapter reports on the results of a study carried out over two cropping seasons in the long rains of 2014 and 2015 on two sites: (i) on-farm (Mandela); and (ii) a research station (SARI) in eastern Tanzania. The experiment consisted of two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and Conservation Agriculture (CA), with a minimum of 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue cover maintained in the plots during the experiment. CT consisted of soil inversion through tillage and removal of crop residues. In the on-farm experiment, maize was grown in plots with four rates of N application: 0, 27, 54 and 108 kg N ha-1. In the on-station trial, five rates were used: 0, 20, 40, 60 and 100 kg N ha-1. Maize yield and agronomic efficiency (AE) of N were used to assess and compare the productivity of the tested treatments. The results showed that tillage, soil type and rate of N application influenced crop productivity. In the clay soils, the differences between tillage practices were small. Under CT, AE ranged between 21.6 and 53.9 kg/kg N, and it was 20.4-60.6 kg/kg N under CA. The lowest fertilizer application rate of 27 kg ha-1 often had the largest AE across the soil types and tillage practices. In the on-station trials at SARI, the largest AE of 24.6 kg/kg N was recorded under CA with 40 kg N ha-1. As in the on-farm trials, the highest N application rate on-station did not lead to the largest AE. In the CT, AE ranged between 11.5 and 16.8 kg/kg N compared with a range of 15.1 to 24.6 kg/kg N for the CA treatment. Overall, crop residue retention, in combination with NT, is important to improve soil moisture and use efficiency of applied nutrients. Additionally, the initial soil fertility status is also important in determining the magnitude of short-term crop response to applied nutrients. Innovative pathways are needed to achieve the multiple objectives played by maize crop residues for results reported here to be sustainable. However, efficiency of nutrient use needs to be assessed, together with returns on investments, as small yields may mean high nutrient use efficiency but not necessarily significant increased returns at the farm level.
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Bergmann, Jonas. "Costa: Flood Displacement During the 2017 Coastal El Niño in Peru." In Studien zur Migrations- und Integrationspolitik, 249–318. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42298-1_7.
Анотація:
AbstractThe research interest in Peru’s western arid coast (Costa) was in the well-being of persons displaced short distances away from their homes by floods during the 2017 Coastal El Niño (CEN) event for two reasons. First, Peru’s coast is periodically affected by severe El Niño-driven rainfall, which climate change will increase significantly in this century. Second, related floods are the main driver of displacement on Peru’s coast. The 2017 CEN floods, specifically, were the largest push for such displacement over the past decade in Peru, with close to 300,000 cases. Thus, examining the well-being of displaced persons from villages in the Piura Region after the 2017 CEN provides a useful temporal analog for future challenges. In the first section of this chapter, I provide information on the geographical context, measured and projected climate change, exposure, vulnerabilities, local coping and adaptation, and hazard-related migration by Peru’s coast. Then, I explain the new qualitative and quantitative results of this case study of displaced persons’ well-being following the 2017 CEN. Findings underline that the displacement occurred under high structural constraints, including severe climate risks and deficient DRR/DRM; poverty and inequality; limited livelihood options; tenure insecurity; poor and hardly accessible basic services; weak governance; and limited political participation. Conversely, structural opportunities were low. As a result, the severe and abrupt CEN floods caused forced, survival migration with detrimental conditions for moving and settling. Throughout the lifecycle of displacement, people suffered extreme losses, which continued to worsen their prospects for development from a secure base and a space to live better. Conversely, social relatedness remained similar after moving. Because displacement has become prolonged without substantial improvements, people’s need fulfillment, long-term asset base, and capacities for climate adaptation have worsened. Consequently, most displaced persons evaluated their need fulfillment as negative, and only few experienced partial positive feelings or cognitive satisfaction despite their plight. Expectations for the future were mostly negative and resulted in prevalent enforced fear as well as some fragile adjustment. Based on these findings in this case, I conclude by deriving more general propositions on the well-being impacts of climate migration.
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Ali, Paul A. U. "Introduction." In Marshalling Of Securities, 2–8. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198268659.003.0001.
Анотація:
Abstract The equitable doctrine of marshalling of securities is the label given to the process by which equity intervenes to protect the secured status or priority-ranking of a creditor holding mesne or junior-ranking security following the enforcement of a prior-ranking security. The doctrine typically applies where one creditor (the ‘senior creditor ‘) holds firstranking security over two or more assets of a debtor as security for the repayment of a common debt, and another creditor (the ‘junior creditor ‘) holds a secondranking security over one of those assets. Should the senior creditor recoup its secured debt by enforcing its security against that asset, which is also subject to the junior creditor ‘s security, the doctrine of marshalling will permit the junior creditor to ‘marshall ‘ the senior creditor ‘s security. By this is meant that the junior creditor will, via the intervention of equity, be placed in the position of the senior creditor, as against those other assets of the debtor which are subject to only the senior creditor ‘s security, to the extent of any deficiency in the junior creditor ‘s security.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Deficiency of assets":
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Geddes, Connor, David R. Flatla, and Ciabhan L. Connelly. "30 Years of Solving the Wrong Problem: How Recolouring Tool Design Fails those with Colour Vision Deficiency." In ASSETS '23: The 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608407.
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Uehara, Akira. "Colorable Band: A Wearable Device to Encourage Daily Decision Making Based on Behavior of Users with Color Vision Deficiency." In ASSETS '21: The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3476570.
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Alzaki, A., Nawaf S. Al-Shammari, Rodny Masoud Zuleta, and Alejandro De la Cruz Sasso. "Longest 9 5/8" Casing Cementing in ERD Well, A Worldwide-Record." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22082-ms.
Анотація:
Abstract The efficient placement of cement as a verified barrier above a distinct permeable zone in any oil and gas well is a constant challenge faced by the industry. Absence of isolation behind the casing represents a deficiency to the required well integrity barriers. A compromised well barrier may result in casing corrosion, leaks, and eventually sustained casing pressure which might lead the loss of the asset and/or endanger the safety or workers and/or the environment. Ultimately, a compromised barrier implies compromised well integrity. Fluid displacement in ERD wells is different from conventional wells and the job conditions pose additional challenges. To ensure adequate cement placement in this ultra-ERD well, several challenges had to be addressed. Hence, an optimized cement placement method that focused on ECD management to prevent induced loss circulation included maintaining fluids displacement regimes, fluid density, and hydraulic friction hierarchy. Moreover, casing centralization was imperative. Limiting casing string movement once the string deployed successfully to bottom equally added to the challenge. A system's approach was utilized to achieve the level of optimization desired. Slurry rheology and fluid loss control were adjusted. A pumping schedulethat ensured that optimum displacement efficiencies were achieved in line with the designed rheology was used. The impact of pump rates on downhole ECD regimes were equally evaluated and confirmed to be fit-for-purpose. Mud conditioning prior to the cement displacement and spacer wettability were also of paramount importance. A centralizer spacing resulting in >70% stand-off was utilized. These optimized practices represented the results of 3D modeling used to understand the fluid dynamics, and its distribution under the influence of a horizontal static pipe. This work also presented a comprehensive sensitivity analysis not only on the effects of thermal thinning on fluid rheology, but also on gravitational forces acting on the fluids in an ERD well. After execution, a combination of cement bond logs, ultrasonic measurements, and advanced interpretation techniques were used to evaluate the cement bond quality. The logs showed an improved cement bonding with minimal to no channeling, and excellent radial cement coverage. As global hydrocarbon resources become harder to reach, ERD wells maybe required to access such subsurface targets. Adequate cementing well integrity is crucial to assuring the long-term integrity of such wells for the economic life of the assets. The practices implemented in this case history will contribute to expanding the tools and techniques available to engineers to achieving excellent barrier isolation in such wells.
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Marko, Kenneth. "Machine Learning and Model Based Reasoning for Prognostics of Complex Systems." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81625.
Анотація:
Model based reasoning (MBR) has been shown to be an effective means of providing condition based maintenance for many high-value assets for which accurate first principle models have been developed. Yet, many low-cost complex computer controlled systems are mass-produced without the concurrent provision of precise physics based models. We wish to utilize new developments in machine learning coupled with model based reasoning methods to address this deficiency. In particular, we shall demonstrate that for an important class of these systems, the extremely large number of mass produced, complex engine systems which power vehicles and small power generation plants, effective means of providing MBR for condition based maintenance exists. It will be recognized that the methodology also has much broader applicability. We will show that a class of dynamic neural networks can be used to provide high-fidelity models of these complex systems that permit an analysis of differences between predicted normal behavior and actual plant behavior to be analyzed to detect deviations from nominal behavior which will be shown to be valuable in estimating time-to-failure for such systems. The realization of this capability is dependent upon the development of extremely efficient and powerful training algorithms for these dynamics neural networks. While many simple training schemes have been in use for many years, they generally fail to provide the needed model accuracy when they are applied to training the relatively “large” multi-layered dynamic networks that are needed to precisely mimic plant behavior over all operating conditions. Our approach has several advantages over these simpler, but less effective methods. Three major improvements are the rate at which learning proceeds, the provision of a means to optimize the learning rate through-out the process, and the dramatic improvements observed in learning in the final stages of training when the error feedback from training examples are extremely small and the associated error covariance matrices almost vanish. We shall demonstrate with data drawn from production vehicles, that for several important problems in analyzing system performance in these vehicles, sufficient model fidelity can be attained to meet the requirements on detection efficiency, false alarm immunity and alarm response time which are required for effective diagnostics and prognostics. Finally we shall discuss the manner in which the deviations are analyzed to not only identify that a failure has been detected but also the means by which the probable root cause may be isolated.
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Ellis, Eric. "Deficiency Management as Part of Asset Integrity - a Case Study." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/172012-ms.
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Geddes, Connor, David R. Flatla, Garreth W. Tigwell, and Roshan L. Peiris. "Improving Colour Patterns to Assist People with Colour Vision Deficiency." In CHI '22: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502024.
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Morrien-Salomons, M. M., A. Sturk, M. V. Huisman, J. Borm, H. R. Büller, and J. W. ten Cate. "EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL PROTEIN C ASSAYS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644314.
Анотація:
Plasma protein C inactivates the activated coagulation factors V and VIII. The assay of protein C is important, because a protein C deficiency is associated with a thrombotic tendency. We therefore evaluated 5 commercial assays in 49 normal volunteers, 48 patients suspected of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg but with negative impedance plethysmography (IPG), and 52 patients with DVT proven by IPG. The assays were rocket electrophoresis (Merz and Dade antibody), ELISA (Boehringer Mannheim), 2 chromogenic activity assays (Behringwerke and Kabi) and a clotting assay (Behringwerke). Coumarin therapy was used by 13 DVT positive, and 3 DVT negative patients. Results are presented in the table.TABLE: In correlation 1 and 2, the assay results all non-coumarin treated individuals (n = 133) were compared with rocket electrophoresis and ELISA resp.In the non-coumarin treated patients, both in the DVT positive and in the DVT negative patient group one protein C deficiency was detected by all assays.Based upon the large assay VC (ROCKET) and normal range (B. CLOT), and poor correlation of the assays with the ELISA (ROCKET, B. CLOT) we conclude that the ELISA, B.CHROM and K.CHROM are to be preferred. However, as B.CHROM does not need a plasma absorption step it is somewhat preferable for activity assays.
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Almeida Filho, Benedito de Sousa, Michelle Sako Omodei, Eduardo Carvalho Pessoa, Heloisa de Luca Vespoli, and Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas. "NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SERUM VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY ON BREAST CANCER SURVIVAL." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1058.
Анотація:
Introduction: It is known that breast cancer is the type of cancer that mostly affects women in the world, both in the developing and developed countries, with about 2.3 million new cases in 2020, comprising 25% of all cancers diagnosed in women. Vitamin D concentration has been studied as a risk and prognostic factor in women with breast cancer; its deficiency is common in women with postmenopausal breast cancer, and some evidence suggests that low vitamin D status increases the risk for disease development. The impact of vitamin D at the time of diagnosis on the outcome of patients with breast cancer is less well understood. In view of the increasing number of breast cancer survivors and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with breast cancer, an evaluation of the role of vitamin D in prognosis and survival among patients with breast cancer is essential. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D (VD) levels at diagnosis and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer. Methods: This is a single-center prospective cohort. The study included patients newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2014 and 2016, aged ≥45 years, and in amenorrhea for ≥12 months, and VD assessment at the time of diagnosis, before any cancer treatment. Patients were classified into three groups according to serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D]: sufficient (≥30 ng/mL), insufficient (between 20 and 29 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL). Clinical and anatomopathological data were collected. The primary outcome was OS and secondary outcomes were DFS and CSS. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression model were used to assess the association between 25(OH)D levels and OS, DFS, and CSS. Differences in survival were evaluated by hazard ratios (HRs). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee (CAAE: 71399117.2.0000.5411). Results: The study included 192 women with a mean age of 61.3±9.6 years at diagnosis, mean 25(OH)D levels of 25.8 ng/mL (ranging from 12.0 to 59.2 ng/mL), and follow-up period between 54 and 78 months. Sufficient VD levels were detected in 65 patients (33.9%), insufficient in 92 (47.9%), and deficient in 35 (18.2%). Patients with 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency had a larger proportion of high-grade tumors, locally advanced and with distant metastasis, positive axillary lymph nodes, negative estrogen receptors (ER), and progesterone receptors (PR), and higher Ki67 index (p<0.05 ). The mean OS time was 54.4±20.2 months (range 9–78 months), and 51 patients (26.6%) died during the study period. Patients with VD deficiency and insufficiency at diagnosis had significantly lower OS, DFS, and CSS compared to patients with sufficient values (p <0.0001). After the adjustment for clinical and tumoral prognostic factors, patients with serum 25(OH)D levels considered deficient at the time of diagnosis had a significantly higher risk of global death (HR=4.65, 95%CI 1.65–13.12), higher risk of disease recurrence (HR=6.87, 95%CI 2.35–21.18), and higher risk of death from the disease (HR=5.91, 95%CI 1.98–17.60) than the group with sufficient 25(OH)D levels.
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Yarkova, V. G., V. A. Zhmurov, and E. B. Klester. "THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE FORMATION OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN WORKERS OF LOCOMOTIVE CREWS. CORRECTION METHODS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-607-611.
Анотація:
Abstract: Purpose of the study: To assess the effects of magnesium deficiency on the indices of lipid metabolism in patients with an arterial hypertension locomotive crews. Purpose of the work: To assess the effect of magnesium deficiency on the pathogenesis of the formation of arterial hypertension in workers of locomotive crews. Correction methods. Materials and methods: This work presents an analysis of the results of clinical observation, special biochemical and functional studies of 136 male patients with arterial hypertension, workers of locomotive crews. Results: In workers of locomotive crews patients with hypertension, increased individual cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE scale, remodeling of the cardiovascular system, as well as the risk of developing occupational disability are interrelated with signs of magnesium deficiency. Conclusion: The inclusion of a complex preparation of magnesium and vitamin B6 in the therapy of arterial hypertension in workers of locomotive crews has a significant effect on the clinical manifestations of chronic stress, magnesium deficiency, improves the dynamics of lipid metabolism, the structural and functional state of the cardiovascular system, and professionally important qualities.
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Kovalenko, E. "LACTASE DEFICIENCY IN RUSSIA: MULTIETHNIC GENETIC STUDY." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-53.
Анотація:
Adult lactase deficiency – the inability to effectively digest lactose in adulthood – causes digestive discomfort and may be associated with the elimination of a whole category of dairy products from the diet. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of the gene associated with lactose deficiency for a sample of 24 thousand people living in Russia. It turned out that among the studied population groups, the frequency of occurrence of the GG genotype in rs4988235 was higher than the average in European populations. In particular, the prevalence of the genotype of lactase deficiency in the group of Eastern Slavs was 42.8% (95% CI: 42.1–43.4%). The regional prevalence of lactase deficiency was also investigated depending on the place of residence.
Звіти організацій з теми "Deficiency of assets":
1
Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.
Анотація:
Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.
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Ayers, R., G. P. Course, and G. R. Pasco. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package (2) final report WP2A: development and pilot deployment of a prototypic autonomous fisheries data harvesting system, and WP2B: investigation into the availability and adaptability of novel technological approaches to data collection. Edited by Mark James and Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23443.
Анотація:
[Extract from Executive Summary] To enhance sustainability and foster resilience within Scotland’s inshore fishing communities an effective system of collecting and sharing relevant data is required. To support business decisions made by vessel owners as well as informing fisheries managers and those involved in marine planning it will be vital to collect a range of information which will provide a robust understanding of fishing activity, the economic value of the sector and its importance within local communities. The SIFIDS Project was conceived to assist in attaining these goals by working alongside fishers to develop and test technology to automatically collect and collate data on board vessels, thereby reducing the reporting burden on fishers. The project built upon previous research funded through the European Fisheries Fund (EFF) and was designed to deliver a step change in the way that inshore fisheries in Scotland could be managed in cooperation with the industry. The project focussed on inshore fishing vessels around Scotland, where spatio-temporal information on the distribution of vessels and associated fishing effort is data deficient. The whole project was broken down into 12 highly integrated work packages. This is the integrated report for work packages 2A and 2B, entitled’ Development and Pilot Deployment of a Prototypic Autonomous Fisheries Data Harvesting System’ (2A) and ‘Investigation into the Availability and Adaptability of Novel Technological Approaches to Data Collection’ (2B).
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Konstantinou, Theodora, Donghui Chen, Konstantinos Flaris, Kyubyung Kang, Dan Daehyun Koo, Jonathon Sinton, Konstantina Gkritza, and Samuel Labi. A Strategic Assessment of Needs and Opportunities for the Wider Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Indiana. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317376.
Анотація:
The primary objective of this study was to assess the challenges and opportunities associated with the provision of appropriate infrastructure to support electric vehicle (EV) operations and electrification across Indiana. A secondary objective of this study was to develop a strategic plan for INDOT that outlines new business opportunities for developing EV charging stations. To achieve these objectives, the project team assessed current and emerging trends in EV operations, particularly EV charging infrastructure and EV demand forecasting. They also examined opportunities for the strategic deployment of EV charging stations by identifying EV infrastructure deficit areas; investigated the impact of EV adoption on highway revenue and the feasibility of new revenue structures; and evaluated strategic partnerships and business models. The agent-based simulation model developed for future long distance EV trip scenarios enables INDOT to identify EV energy deficient areas for current and future energy charging demand scenarios, and it can support Indiana’s strategic plans for EV charging infrastructure development. The results of the revenue impact analysis can inform INDOT’s revenue model. The estimations of the recovery EV fee, the VMT fee, and pay-as-you-charge fee that break-even the fuel tax revenue loss can be used by INDOT in pilot programs to capture users’ perspectives and estimate appropriate fee rates and structures. The insights obtained from the stakeholder interviews can be used to enhance preparedness for increasing EV adoption rates across vehicle classes and to strengthen the engagement of different entities in the provision of charging infrastructure.
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Gómez Vidal, Analía, Fabiana Machado, and Darcia Datshkovsky. Water and Sanitation Services in Latin America: Access and Quality Outlook. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003285.
Анотація:
Tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to evaluate how far the water and sanitation sector is from achieving these targets, and to guarantee that the solutions and strategies implemented get everyone closer to them. But this is not a simple task. To truly assess collective progress towards achieving SDG 6 (and all other goals), it is fundamental to count on standardized measures that help track all types of access, their reliability, and their quality. Existing data tend to lack comparability across sources and locations because they rely on different definitions and categories. Samples are often not representative of all groups within the population. More developed areas are more likely to collect data, which results in the overrepresentation of groups that enjoy better services. Still in some areas and for some categories of information data is not available at all. In response to these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) partnered with the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to gather nationally representative and comparable data in 18 countries in the region. The goal of this effort was to provide an initial outlook of the current landscape of water and sanitation services in the region, using two batteries of questions in the LAPOP questionnaire for the 2018-2019 wave. The main message that arises is that the Latin American and the Caribbean region faces a wide range of challenges, that vary both across and within countries. Some areas face the primary challenge of closing access gaps, while others display higher deficiency in service quality, such as continuity. The gaps in quality of services, in particular, are not clearly perceived by users. In general, levels of satisfaction with the services received is quite high among the population, much higher than warranted by the objective measures of service quality. This raises important issues for accountability in the sector. If users are mostly satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is unlikely they will pressure governments and utilities to improve service delivery. A more in-depth analysis is required to understand the reasons behind these opinions and possible ways to raise awareness.
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Granot, David, Scott Holaday, and Randy D. Allen. Enhancing Cotton Fiber Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis by Manipulating Fructokinase Activity. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613878.bard.
Анотація:
a. Objectives (a) Identification and characterization of the cotton fiber FRKs; (b) Generating transgenic cotton plants overproducing either substrate inhibited tomato FRK or tomato FRK without substrate inhibition; (c) Generating transgenic cotton plants with RNAi suppression of fiber expressed FRKs; (d) Generating Arabidopsis plants that over express FRK1, FRK2, or both genes, as additional means to assess the contribution of FRK to cellulose synthesis and biomass production. b. Background to the topic: Cellulose synthesis and fiber elongation are dependent on sugar metabolism. Previous results suggested that FRKs (fructokinase enzymes that specifically phosphorylate fructose) are major players in sugar metabolism and cellulose synthesis. We therefore hypothesized that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber elongation and cellulose synthesis in cotton plants. Accordinlgy, the objectives of this research were: c. Major conclusions and achievements: Two cotton FRKs expressed in fibers, GhFRK2 and GhFRK3, were cloned and characterized. We found that GhFRK2 enzyme is located in the cytosol and GhFRK3 is located within plastids. Both enzymes enable growth on fructose (but not on glucose) of hexose kinase deficient yeast strain, confirming the fructokinase activity of the cloned genes. RNAi constructs with each gene were prepared and sent to the US collaborator to generate cotton plants with RNAi suppression of these genes. To examine the effect of FRKs using Arabidopsis plants we generated transgenic plants expressing either LeFRK1 or LeFRK2 at high level. No visible phenotype has been observed. Yet, plants expressing both genes simultaneously are being created and will be tested. To test our hypothesis that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber cellulose synthesis, we generated twenty independent transgenic cotton plant lines overexpressing Lycopersicon (Le) FRK1. Transgene expression was high in leaves and moderate in developing fiber, but enhanced FRK activity in fibers was inconsistent between experiments. Some lines exhibited a 9-11% enhancement of fiber length or strength, but only one line tested had consistent improvement in fiber strength that correlated with elevated FRK activity in the fibers. However, in one experiment, seed cotton mass was improved in all transgenic lines and correlated with enhanced FRK activity in fibers. When greenhouse plants were subjected to severe drought during flowering and boll development, no genotypic differences in fiber quality were noted. Seed cotton mass was improved for two transgenic lines but did not correlate with fiber FRK activity. We conclude that LeFRK1 over-expression in fibers has only a small effect on fiber quality, and any positive effects depend on optimum conditions. The improvement in productivity for greenhouse plants may have been due to better structural development of the water-conducting tissue (xylem) of the stem, since stem diameters were larger for some lines and the activity of FRK in the outer xylem greater than observed for wild-type plants. We are testing this idea and developing other transgenic cotton plants to understand the roles of FRK in fiber and xylem development. We see the potential to develop a cotton plant with improved stem strength and productivity under drought for windy, semi-arid regions where cotton is grown. d. Implications, scientific and agricultural: FRKs are probably bottle neck enzymes for biomass and wood synthesis and their increased expression has the potential to enhance wood and biomass production, not only in cotton plants but also in other feed and energy renewable plants.