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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Décontamination moléculaire en orbite"
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Дисертації з теми "Décontamination moléculaire en orbite"
Diboune, Mathieu. "Elaboration de peintures zéolithiques pour la décontamination moléculaire en orbite." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThe phenomenon of on-orbit molecular contamination is one of the major issues encountered by the space industry. Indeed, when satellites are placed in orbit, organic molecules contained in coatings, adhesives or glues used in the conception of satellites can degas and thus form films or droplets by depositing themselves on sensitive surfaces such as optical and electronic instruments or thermal control surfaces. This contamination leads to a drastic decrease of on-board equipment performance. Hydrocarbons as well as plasticizers have been identified as major contaminants. Among several porous materials tested for the adsorption of these organic pollutants, zeolites were found to be the most efficient due to their ability to trap organic molecules at a very low concentration in space conditions. The synthesis of zeolites generally leads to powders that would themselves be a source of particulate contamination, therefore a shaping of these zeolites appears to be necessary. Pellets, beads and zeolite films were developed in previous projects, but these processes have some disadvantages such as the addition of additional equipment to insert pellets into the structure of satellites, poor mechanical properties of beads or the small quantity of zeolite involved in the case of films and the difficulty of applying them to large surfaces. That is why, zeolite coatings were selected because they can be applied directly to the internal surface of satellites. The main goal of this project is to develop zeolite coatings that adhere to the surface elements of satellites, that are mechanically stable (shocks and vibrations undergone by satellites, temperature gradients) and that can trap organic pollutants. FAU-type (hydrophilic) and MFI-type (hydrophobic)zeolites were used in combination with silicone resins as binders in order to develop zeolite coatings that can that can fulfill spatial requirements. These zeolite coatings showed good adhesion properties (adhesion note of 0 according the ISO 2409 standard) as well as good mechanical and thermal stability under conditions encountered in orbit. Zeolite coatings porosity remain mostly accessible despite the use of a binder and good n-hexane adsorption capacities were obtained. Different quantities of black pigment (bone char or carbon black) were also added to some zeolite coatings to develop black zeolite coatings with the aim of absorbing light in order to respond to another phenomenon responsible of optial equipment contamination: stray light
Rioland, Guillaume. "Elaboration de matériaux zéolithiques pour la décontamination moléculaire en orbite." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9333/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn low earth orbit, global performances of satellites can be affected by the contamination of critical surfaces as optical devices and detectors. On-orbit molecular contamination is due to outgassed organic pollutants emanating from spacecraft materials. One way to reduce and to eliminate this phenomenon is the use of molecular adsorbents. Among them, zeolites appear to be relevant materials for contaminants retaining. Unlike common powder materials, zeolites films can also avoid the secondary dust contamination due to particles breeding and can be easily inserted in the satellite structure. As a consequence, this work deals with the shaping of zeolitic powder.Three shapes were developed during this work: pellets, beads and paints. Zeolitic pellets showed very interesting mechanical properties, on the contrary to zeolitic beads which can beget a particulate contamination (vibrations). The adsorption capacities of these two shapes are good: molecules such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and 3-methylpentane were adsorbed. Finally, the first formulation of a zeolitic paint was developed: a loss of 20 % of the adsorption capacities was observed (presence of binder). The adhesion (ISO 2409 test) was acceptable. This last shape is one of the many perspectives of this work
Lauridant, Natacha Lalatiana. "Zéolithisation de supports en alluminium pour la décontamination moléculaire en orbite." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845636.
Повний текст джерелаKabalan, Ihab. "Synthèse des matériaux nanoporeux pour la décontamination moléculaire et le stockage d'énergie." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9073/document.
Повний текст джерелаVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most abundant organic pollutants. Among the various solutions to fight against this pollution, the use of molecular adsorbents appears as a potential alternative for the control of contamination. The porous materials have many advantages due to their low cost, their physical characteristics and their useful properties related to their structure and their large surface area. However, conventional synthesis of zeolites generally lead to micrometer size crystals. The capacity and the kinetics of adsorption that are sensitive to the diffusion and the surface phenomena could be potentially improved by the use of zeolite nanocrystals or hierarchical products (micro / mesoporous). These nanomaterials have high potential due to their small size and their exalted outer surface that promote access of pollutants and improve the adsorption capacity. ln the thesis work, we synthesized zeolites with different structural types such as FAU, MFI and *BEA. Each structure type was synthesized in different morphologies such as nanosponges and /or nanosheets using a bifunctional structuring agent, as well as nanocrystals by the clear solution method. These materials were compared with conventional micrometer-sized zeolites. The purity and the porous texture have been characterized by using XRD, SEM, nitrogen adsorption/desorption techniques, TGA-DTA and solid state NMR. Finally, the adsorption capacity of a model molecule, the n-hexane, in these zeolites have been studied by thermogravimetry. In the case of *BEA and MFI-type zeol ites, the hierarchical zeolites showed an increase of the adsorption capacity of n-hexane compared to conventional zeolites. The adsorption capacity of n-hexane was multiplied by 7 in the case of *BEA-type nanosponges and by 6 in the case of the *BEA-type nanocrystals compared to *BEA_type microcrystals (693 mg / g vs 103 mg / g and 591 mg / g vs 103 mg / g, respectively)
Laurent, Christopher. "Caractérisation expérimentale et optimisation de procédés plasma pour la décontamination de l'AMC (Contamination Moléculaire Aéroportée)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30285.
Повний текст джерелаUn problème majeur en microélectronique est la contamination moléculaire aéroportée qui dégrade les substrats et les masques diminuant le rendement de production des composants. L'utilisation de boîtes de transport en polymères pour le stockage des substrats favorise la contamination moléculaire croisée entre les deux éléments. Il est alors primordial d'avoir un procédé de décontamination des boîtes efficace et rapide. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, plusieurs solutions de décontamination par plasmas ont été étudiées. Les plasmas étaient générés selon quatre couplages énergétiques en utilisant des excitations radiofréquence (13,56 MHz) et micro-onde (2,45 GHz). Ils étaient caractérisés avec une sonde de Langmuir et un spectromètre optique sous différentes conditions expérimentales. Enfin, un protocole de contamination au fluorure d'hydrogène a été développé pour évaluer et comparer l'efficacité de décontamination des procédés plasma à ceux utilisés actuellement en microélectronique
Nguyen, Thi quynh. "Caractérisation et simulation de la contamination et de la décontamination moléculaire des containers plastiques (FOUPs) de l'industrie microélectronique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859687.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Thi Quynh. "Caractérisation et simulation de la contamination et de la décontamination moléculaire des containers plastiques (FOUPs) de l'industrie microélectronique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU039/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the microelectronics industry, the silicon substrates (wafers) are stored in containers, named FOUP (Front Opening Unified Pod) made in polymers (PC, PEEK, COP, PEI). Such materials are able to sorb the volatile molecular contaminants and subsequently outgas these ones in presence of wafers, leading then to defectivity. This thesis aims to provide a better knowledge and comprehension of FOUP molecular contamination and cleaning, in focusing on four areas: - The determination of the nature, sources and levels of FOUP molecular contaminants. The HF and HCl acids, have been detected in ppbv – ppmv range, and appear as some critical contaminants. - The study of the sorption and outgassing mechanisms of HF and HCl gaseous in polymers. They have been characterized by the establishment, for the first time, of the solubility (~10-1 m3(STP).m-3. Pa-1) and diffusion coefficients (~ 10-15 m2/s) in industrial conditions (22°C, 40% RH, 1 atm). - The cleaning efficiency of different FOUP decontamination methods (AUD, APR, DMS) has been experimentally evaluated from intentionally contaminated FOUPs with HF. The vacuum at 70°C enables to partially decontaminate the contaminants trapped in polymer volume whereas the wet cleaning or the vacuum at ambient temperature can remove only contaminants on the near-surface of the FOUP materials. - The implementation of a model of FOUP polymer contamination, based on Fick and Henry laws and using the established solubility and diffusion coefficients. This model has been proposed and implemented on Comsol Multiphysics. For the first time, the dynamic behaviour of contaminant in the atmosphere and in the FOUP's materials during different contamination and decontamination events has been determined by numerical simulation. Thus the diffusion depth of the contaminant in polymeric materials has been evaluated (few tens to hundreds of µm 48 h after one contamination event) and also the decontamination efficiency of cleaning methods has been able to be predicted
Mohamed, Sophie. "Développement de polymères à empreintes moléculaires basé sur une manganoporphyrine utilisé comme catalyseur oxydatif de dérivés soufrés. Vers une nouvelle approche biomimétique de décontamination d'armes chimiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR027/document.
Повний текст джерелаMolecular imprinting polymer is a useful technique for creating artificial receptors able of selectively binding substrates. These recognition properties are particularly interesting for developing macromolecular catalysts. Our aim was to access to a reusable supramolecular catalyst able of oxidizing sulfur derivatives under heterogeneous conditions in the presence of a mild and eco-sustainable oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide. Given the expertise of the team, we decided to focus our work on the development of a catalytic system for the decontamination of surfaces or equipment, after an exposure to compounds that can be detoxified by a selective oxidation of sulfides. Thus, we prepared a porphyrin-based MIP that we tested in the oxidation of various sulfides. The mild conditions used for the catalysis allowed a control of the oxidation degree of a simulant of yperite, leading to a great selectivity the sulfoxide derivative, and avoiding the toxic sulfone formation. With other structures similar to VX, we showed that it is possible to regioselectively oxidize the sulfur atom, and highlighted the interest of this process to facilitate the cleavage of a C-S bond. This approach is then an interesting decontamination strategy that will be evaluated in the future to the case of true chemical warfare agents
Guevar, Célia. "Etude du couplage échange d’ions - coprécipitation avec des sorbants minéraux au Ba : application à la décontamination sélective en 90Sr d’effluents liquides radioactifs." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0011.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the treatment of radioactive wastewaters, specifically 90Sr containing highly saline effluents.Two types of Ba2+ containing ion exchange materials were examined as possible Sr sorbents: a barium titanate and a barium zeolite LTA. The extractants originality lies in its double extraction mechanism. Firstly, the majority of the Sr present in the solution is removed via ion exchange with the Ba present in the sorbent. A secondary process then sees the now free Ba precipitate onto the sorbents surface as BaSO4. The effluent itself is the sulfate source. This precipitation reaction initiates a second coprecipitation reaction with the remaining Sr. Strontium coprecipitation with barium sulfate is crucial to leading to a high strontium selectivity in the presence of calcium. This thesis outlines a mechanistic and comparative study which will hopefully open the way to the development of new strontium selective sorbents.The barium zeolite, which is more efficient (higher capacity and selectivity) than the barium titanate for treatment of saline effluents, was evaluated for use in industrial type processes (stirred reactor and column). Experiments conducted with variable supersaturation or molar ratio [SO4]/[Ba] allowed us to identify optimal conditions for the use of barium zeolite powders in batch type stirred reactor. These results demonstrate the potential of this material to replace the current coprecipitation process in stirred reactors, which is carried out in effluent treatment plants. Barium zeolite beads were also evaluated for effluent treatment in a column type continuous process. Ion diffusion kinetics in the material were shown to be limiting for this continuous process. The material shaping has still to be optimized.Keywords: decontamination, strontium, selectivity, ion exchange, titanate, zeolite LTA, coprecipitation, barium sulfate
AlHaddad, Nancy. "Synthèse de nouvelles entités complexantes à base de calix[4]pyrrole pour la décontamination des milieux aquatiques en radionucléides naturels." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/Toxicologie/Version_finale_These_Nancy_AlHaddad.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRadionuclides are found naturally in air, soil and water and generate radioactivity in the environment. As a result of recent anthropogenic activities such as uranium mining or the production of oil and natural gaz, larger quantities of natural radionucleides have been released and induce a risk to Human Health. One of the most important routes for Human contamination with radionucleides, other than inhalation, is water contamination that results from the high hydro-solubility of certain radionuclide salts. In fact, maximum contaminant levels for radionuclides contamination, especially in public water supplies, have been internationally regulated. In order to comply with these requirements, methods for decontaminating water from radionuclides have been developes, among which macrocyclic extractants such as calixpyrroles. With a preorganized cyclic structure, these macrocycles exhibit chelating properties that are also found in their phenoxycalix[4]pyrrole (PCP) homologs. However, the latter has an increased potential for chemical functionalization allowing the introduction of additional chelation sites due to the presence of four phenolic entities. In this context, the synthesis of PCP derivatives and the study of their ability to complex and extract stable or radioactive elements have been studied. For this, the functionalization of the PCP was carried out by functional groups such as : carboxylic acid, hydroxamic acid, azide, amine and heteroaryl-extended derivatives. At the end of these syntheses, the study of the chelation capacities of the derivative 2-pyridino-1,2,3-triazolo-PCP was carried out and the existence of a selective complexation of ferrous and ferric iron in DMSO was demonstrated by molecular fluorescence. As for the chelation capacities for halides, they were studied by ¹H NMR and molecular fluorescence titrations and showed a selectivity for fluoride. A second part of this work was devoted to the synthesis and study of the properties of a new polymerof PCP crosslinked by epichlorohydrin (PCP-EP), in the aim of engaging it into solid/liquid extractions, applied for the decontamination of aqueous effluents containing radionuclides. In this series of polymers, PCP-EP is the first to be reported in literature. Accordingly, its structure was determined by NMR, FTIR and TGA, then its chelation capacities towards halides was tested by ion chromatography after solid/liquid extractions. The results demonstrated that this polymer, unlike its monomeric structure, has a higher affinity for iodide. The solid/liquid extraction capacities of radionuclides by PCP-EP were then studied by a gamma spectrometer coupled to a High Purity Germanium detector, using aqueous solutions containing radionuclides and resulted in an extraction rate of 22% for Ra-226. The development of a Doehlert experimental design was then carried out in order to optimize the experimental extraction conditions. During this step, the study of BA²⁺, a stable metal with a chemical behavior similar to RA²⁺, was prioritized in order to reduce the production of radioactive waste. The results of this experimental design led to optimal extraction conditions of pH, temperature and time, which translated to an aqueous radionuclides-containing solution, showed the ability of PCP-EP to extract 89% Ra-226