Дисертації з теми "Décisions de santé"
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Rochas, Olivier. "Veille stratégique et décisions stratégiques : le cas d'un groupe de la santé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG011.
Повний текст джерелаThe theory that postulates the link between information and decision-making has been frequently presented in the academic literature as an essential element of the functioning and performance of the enterprise.This theory is sometimes contradicted by the practice.This questions the assumption that strategic intelligence is useful for the strategic decision-making, especially in industrial groups.Our research aims to understand how those who produce the watch and those who exploit it interact and what are the elements that improve or prevent the decision-makers. It is based primarily on a case study in an industry group in the health sector.The main results of this work show that watchmen have a marginal influence on strategic decision-making. They also show a gap between the objectives pursued by the leader and the information he receives from the watchers.The leader makes the strategic decision while being influenced by other determinants that limit his or her use of the information received. These determinants are the place of the strategic veil in the hierarchy and in the process of creation of meaning; the characteristics of information and the organization of the information circuit; those who inform the leader, the information sought by the leader and the degree of acceptance by the latter of the weak signal.Finally, our work proposes possible areas for improvement to be implemented in companies
Doméjean, Sophie. "Les décisions diagnostiques et thérapeutiques en cariologie : incidences en terme de santé publique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF1DD02.
Повний текст джерелаVidal-Trecan, Gwenaëlle. "Décisions thérapeutiques en endocrinologie : analyse décisionnelle : particularités du raisonnement médical et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1998AIX2667U.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSenghor, Abdou Simon. "La participation du patient insuffisant rénal chronique aux processus de décisions thérapeutiques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe law of March 04th, 2002 on the rights of patients and the quality of the health system and the law HPST (Hôpital, Patients, Santé et Territoires) of 2009 that grants legal framework for patients’ education, have promoted the patient’s autonomy by encouraging his participation in medical decisions. Self-management of chronic illness as favoured by public authorities in providing the legal tools to improve the quality of care has aroused our interest in patient education programs for patients with renal failure in pre-dialysis. One of the objectives of this program is to allow patients free choice when deciding on the method of dialysis.Our thesis aims to underline how the social determinants at work in medical decisions and those involved in the choice of a dialysis method are constructed.In France, patients seem to favor hospital patient care, but in some countries, medical pluralism is more frequent. The exercise of self-analysis has revealed the significant part played by economy, culture and family in health choices.Moreover, the part played by patient education in the decision-making process is neither fixed nor pre-determined: patient education can complement medical practice, can be a decision support tool for some kidney patients or be used by doctors to promote patient decision-making compliance.We have shown that patients and physicians rely on several factors that may influence the nature of the discussion.This study reveals that the choice is networked and that the decisions that are made are the outcome of several interactions and medical strategies. These determinants also help to understand how trust develops and leads to decision-making.Sometimes distributed, sometimes shifted, trust accounts for the type of information prioritized by the patient. The networked choice of the patient finally puts the shared decision-making model into perspective as it increasingly seems to have a normative character in the relationship between health professionals and patients
Brun, Clémence. "Influence de l'intolérance à l'incertitude sur la prise de décision dans le domaine de la santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALS044.
Повний текст джерелаCritical thinking is considered a set of essential skills and dispositions, given that its mastery can influence our decisions and behaviors significantly. Discussed for almost 40 years, critical thinking has underwent a more advanced didactic formalization in the past decade and has become the subject of various studies, tests, and psychometric scales. The purpose of this thesis was twofold: 1) to study the exercise of critical thinking and analyze its underlying decision-making processes in a major area of interest: reasoning in the context of health decision-making, and 2) to specifically evaluate the influence of intolerance of uncertainty, a variable that seems to have negative effects on reasoning. We first conducted a systematic literature review on the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty and clinical reasoning. This initial study led us to conclude that the influence of intolerance of uncertainty on clinical reasoning is underexplored and that the main studies on this topic demonstrate significant effects on the investigative and prescribing behaviors of healthcare professionals. However, we lacked measurement tools psychometrically validated in the French language to conduct experiments directly assessing the influence of this variable on health-related reasoning. For this reason, in a second study, we carried out psychometric validation of two French scales measuring intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12, a general scale developed for the general population, and IUS-12-H, developed specifically for healthcare professionals). Our analyses confirmed good psychometric qualities, allowing us to directly investigate the influence of intolerance of uncertainty on health decisions in both the general population and healthcare professionals. In the third study of this thesis, we showed to individuals from the general population fictional pandemic situations to study their vaccination behaviors. Our analyses revealed that intolerance of uncertainty and attitudes toward vaccination impact vaccination decisions, while perceived uncertainty in the situation does not. Following this study, we shifted our focus to healthcare professionals. In a fourth study, we asked physiotherapists to play a serious game simulating clinical cases of increasing difficulty to study the influence of their level of intolerance of uncertainty and resource consumption (e.g., tests results) on the therapeutic strategy they proposed to their patients. These two variables influenced the strategies proposed by physiotherapists only for the easy clinical case. We formulated several hypotheses regarding these results. To conclude this thesis, we discuss future research perspectives for both typologies of actors in the context of health decision-making: healthcare professionals and patients, and we provide general implications for the field of critical thinking
Paillet, Anne. "Consciences professionnelles : approche sociologique de la morale au travail, à partir du cas des décisions d'arrêt ou de poursuite en réanimation néonatale." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0019.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is a sociological approach of "morale in practice". More specifically, it's an empirical and contextual approach of "professional ethic" and "morale at work", in the case of neonatal intensive care units and decision to continue or discontinue tratments. Moral dimensions of work hardness are examined. Moreover, moral convergences and divergences appear between physicians and nurses and between seniors and juniors about risks hierarchies and parental participation. These moral variations are analysed : which social factors produce them? This study shows how team members adjust their moral practices to their professional position and work situation (in a related and differential way with other members of the work team). Datas : ethnographical observations and interviews; historical datas; several corpus of publications (written by physicians, nurses, psychologists, jurists, bioethicists, journalists)
Didier, Pierrine. "Médecine traditionnelle et "médecine intégrative" à Madagascar : entre décisions internationales et applications locales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0145/document.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing the WHO recommendations made in the late 1970s, many countries in Africahave implemented dynamics of recognition of traditional medicine and traditionalhealers. This dissertation focuses on the development of « integrative medicine » inMadagascar, consisting in its integration into the formal and conventional health caresystem. This development project, focusing on improving population's public health,requires a double evaluation: a social evaluation with the supervision of traditionalhealers' practices and a therapeutic evaluation with research on medicinal plants anddevelopment of improved traditional remedies. This research is the result of amethodological approach based on multi-located fieldworks conducted in the Malagasycapital and its surroundings and an ethnography of a rural town in the Analanjiroforegion (east coast of Madagascar). On one side, this approach focuses on the attempts ofapplication of political decisions regarding the supervision of traditional medicine andon the other side, on the real practice of traditional care as well as on individual andcommunal behaviours when facing disease, sickness, illness and misfortunes withextended case studies. This thesis contributes to the anthropology of health with a focuson political and developmental dynamics. A special emphasis is placed on the nature ofcohabitation existing between practitioners (doctors and traditional healers) going froma simple referencing of patients to a rare collaboration. This study tends to highlight thepossible gap between government decisions and local applications as well as theresulting social, political and economic issues
Lutumba-Tshindele, Pascal. "Contribution à la prise des décisions stratégiques dans le contrôle de la trypanosomiase humaine africaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210979.
Повний текст джерелаLa Trypanosomiase Humain Africaine (THA) demeure un problème de santé publique pour plusieurs pays en Afrique subsaharienne. Le contrôle de la THA est basé essentiellement sur la stratégie de dépistage actif suivi du traitement des personnes infectées. Le dépistage actif est réalisé par des unités mobiles spécialisées, bien que les services de santé fixes jouent un rôle important en détectant « passivement » des cas. Le dépistage reposait jadis sur la palpation ganglionnaire mais, depuis le développement du test d’agglutination sur carte (CATT), trois possibilités se sont offertes aux programmes de contrôle à savoir: i) continuer avec la palpation ganglionnaire ii) combiner la palpation ganglionnaire avec le CATT iii) recourir au CATT seul. Certains programmes comme celui de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) ont opté pour la combinaison en parallèle de la palpation ganglionnaire avec le CATT. Toute personne ayant une hypertrophie ganglionnaire cervicale et/ou un CATT positif est considéré comme suspecte de la THA. Elle sera soumise aux tests parasitologiques de confirmation à cause de la toxicité des médicaments anti-THA. Les tests parasitologiques classiques sont l’examen du suc ganglionnaire (PG), l’examen du sang à l’état frais (SF), la goutte épaisse colorée (GE). La sensibilité de cette séquence a été estimée insuffisante par plusieurs auteurs et serait à la base d’une grande perte de l’efficacité de la stratégie dépistage-traitement. D’autres techniques de concentration ont été développées comme la mini-Anion Exchange Concentration Technique (mAECT), la Centrifugation en Tube Capillaire (CTC) et le Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC), mais ces techniques de concentration ne sont pas utilisées en routine.
En RDC, une interruption des activités de contrôle en 1990 a eu comme conséquence une réémergence importante de la maladie du sommeil. Depuis 1998 les activités de contrôle ont été refinancées de manière structurée.
Ce travail vise deux buts à savoir le plaidoyer pour la continuité des activités de contrôle et la rationalisation des stratégies de contrôle. Nous avons évalué l’évolution de la maladie du sommeil en rapport avec le financement, son impact sur les ménages ainsi que la communauté. L’exercice de rationalisation a porté sur les outils de dépistage et de confirmation. Nous avons d’abord évalué la validité des tests, leur faisabilité ainsi que les coûts et ensuite nous avons effectué une analyse décisionnelle formelle pour comparer les algorithmes de dépistage et pour les tests de confirmation.
Pendant la période de refinancement structurel de la lutte contre la THA en RDC (1998-2003), le budget alloué aux activités a été doublé lorsqu’on le compare à la période précédente (1993-1997). Le nombre des personnes examinées a aussi doublé mais par contre le nombre des nouveaux cas de THA est passé d’un pic de 26 000 cas en 1998 à 11 000 en 2003. Le coût par personne examinée a été de 1,5 US$ et celui d’un cas détecté et sauvé à 300 US$. Pendant cette période, les activités ont été financées par l’aide extérieure à plus de 95%. Cette subvention pourrait laisser supposer que l’impact de la THA au niveau des ménages et des communautés est réduit mais lorsque nous avons abordé cet aspect, il s’est avéré que le coût de la THA au niveau des ménages équivaut à un mois de leur revenu et que la THA fait perdre 2145 DALYs dans la communauté. L’intervention par la stratégie de dépistage-traitement a permis de sauver 1408 DALYs à un coût de 17 US$ par DALYs sauvé. Ce coût classe l’intervention comme « good value for money ».
Le recours au CATT seul s’est avéré comme la stratégie la plus efficiente pour le dépistage actif. Le gain marginal lorsque l’on ajoute la palpation ganglionnaire en parallèle est minime et n’est pas compensé par le coût élevé lié à un nombre important des suspects soumis aux tests parasitologiques. Les techniques de concentration ont une bonne sensibilité et leur faisabilité est acceptable. Leur ajout à l’arbre classique améliore la sensibilité de 29 % pour la CTC et de 42% pour la mAECT. Le coût de la CTC a été de 0,76 € et celui de la mAECT de 2,82 €. Le SF a été estimé très peu sensible. L’algorithme PG- GE-CTC-mAECT a été le plus efficient avec 277 € par vie sauvée et un ratio de coût-efficacité marginal de 125 € par unité de vie supplémentaire sauvée. L’algorithme PG-GE-CATT titration avec traitement des personnes avec une parasitologie négative mais un CATT positif à un seuil de 1/8 devient compétitif lorsque la prévalence de la THA est élevée.
Il est donc possible dans le contexte actuel de réduire la prévalence de la THA mais à condition que les activités ne soient pas interrompues. Le recours à un algorithme recourant au CATT dans le dépistage actif et à la séquence PG-GE-CTC-mAECT est le plus efficient et une efficacité de 80%. La faisabilité et l’efficacité peut être différent d’un endroit à l’autre à cause de la focalisation de la THA. Il est donc nécessaire de réévaluer cet algorithme dans un autre foyer de THA en étude pilote avant de décider d’un changement de politique. Le recours à cet algorithme implique un financement supplémentaire et une volonté politique.
SUMMARY
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) remains a major public health problem affecting several countries in sub-Saharan Africa. HAT control is essentially based on active case finding conducted by specialized mobile teams. In the past the population screening was based on neck gland palpation, but since the development of the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT) three control options are available to the control program: i) neck gland palpation ii) CATT iii) neck gland palpation and CATT done in parallel .Certain programs such as the one in DRC opted for the latter, combining CATT and neck gland palpation. All persons having hypertrophy of the neck gland and/or a positive CATT test are considered to be a HAT suspect. Confirmation tests are necessary because the screening algorithms are not 100 % specific and HAT drugs are very toxic. The classic parasitological confirmation tests are lymph node puncture (LNP), fresh blood examination (FBE) and thick blood film (TBF). The sensitivity of this combination is considered insufficient by several authors and causes important losses of efficacy of the screening-treatment strategy. More sensitive concentration methods were developed such as the mini Anion Exchange Concentration Techniques (mAECT), Capillary Tube Centrifugation (CTC) and the Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC), but they are not used on a routine basis. Main reasons put forward are low feasibility, high cost and long time of execution.
In the Democratic Republic of Congo, HAT control activities were suddenly interrupted in 1990 and this led to an important re-emergence or the epidemic. Since 1998 onwards, control activities were financed again in a structured way.
This works aims to be both a plea for the continuation of HAT control as well as a contribution to the rationalization of the control strategies. We analyzed the evolution of sleeping sickness in the light of its financing, and we studied its impact on the household and the community. We aimed at a rationalization of the use of the screening and confirmation tools. We first evaluated the validity of the tests, their feasibility and the cost and we did a formal decision analysis to compare screening and confirmation algorithms.
The budget allocated to control activities was doubled during the period when structural aid funding was again granted (1998-2003) compared with the period before (1993-1997). The number of persons examined per year doubled as well but the number of cases found peaked at 26 000 in 1998 and dropped to 11 000 in the period afterwards. The cost per person examined was 1.5 US$ and per case detected and saved was 300 US$. The activities were financed for 95 % by external donors during this period. This subvention could give the impression that the impact of HAT on the household and the household was limited but when we took a closer look at this aspect we found that the cost at household level amounted to one month of income and that HAT caused the loss of 2145 DALYs in the community. The intervention consisting of active case finding and treatment allowed to save 1408 DALY’s at a cost of 17 US$ per DALY, putting the intervention in the class of “good value for money”.
The use of CATT alone as screening test emerged as the most efficient strategy for active case finding. The marginal gain when neck gland palpation is added is minor and is not compensated by the high cost of doing the parasitological confirmation test on a high number of suspected cases. The concentration methods have a good sensitivity and acceptable feasibility. Adding them to the classical tree improves its sensitivity with 29 % for CTC and with 42 % for mAECT. The cost of CTC was 0.76 US$ and of mAECT was 2.82 US$. Sensitivity of fresh blood examination was poor. The algorithm LNP-TBF-CTC-mAECT was the most efficient costing 277 Euro per life saved and a marginal cost effectiveness ratio of 125 Euro per supplementary life saved. The algorithm LNP-TBF-CATT titration with treatment of persons with a negative parasitology but a CATT positive at a dilution of 1/8 and more becomes competitive when HAT prevalence is high.
We conclude that it is possible in the current RDC context to reduce HAT prevalence on condition that control activities are not interrupted. Using an algorithm that includes CATT in active case finding and the combination LNP-TBF-CTC-mAECT is the most efficient with an efficacy of 80 %. Feasibility and efficacy may differ from one place to another because HAT is very focalized, so it is necessary to test this novel algorithm in another HAT focus on a pilot basis, before deciding on a policy change. Implementation of this algorithm will require additional financial resources and political commitment.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nollet, Jérémie. "Des décisions publiques « médiatiques » ? : sociologie de l’emprise du journalisme sur les politiques de sécurité sanitaire des aliments." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20013/document.
Повний текст джерелаAre public policies made by the media? This would-be influence of journalists over public decisions is common place among “decision-makers”. It is also assumed by Agenda-setting as well as social problems theorists. Yet, the real nature of the phenomenon is more complex: it follows different paths along several directions. It rests on the active and variable engagement of the politicians and high civil servants who produce decisions. Thus, the question needs to be rephrased: to what extent does the production of public decisions depend on the journalistic field? In order to elucidate this question, this doctoral thesis offers a sociological analysis of the specific logics which lead decision-makers (i.e. ministers’ personal staff, and representatives aswell as high civil servants,) to pay attention to media coverage in decision-making processes. The elaboration of this theoretical framework, at the crossroads of the sociologies of journalism and public action, is based on ananalysis of the handling of the mad cow disease by French officials during the 1990s. The ambition is to account for the very attention the holders of the executive power (namely, the Ministers of Agriculture, Consumption,Health, but also the Prime Minister and the President), the members of Parliament and high civil servants paid to media-related challenges within the practice of decision-making. Thus, it appears that the most “media dependent”decisions are the result of the handling of the most symbolic issues according to the logics of action of the most dependent agents on legitimization stakes in the journalistic field: the principal ministers and their advisers
Facal, Joseph. "Etude de deux réformes dans le champ de la santé au Québec et aux Etats-Unis à l'aide du modèle de H. Jamous : contribution à une sociologie des décisions politiques." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040202.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is a study of two reforms in the health care field in Québec (Castonguay reform, 1970-1973) and the U. S. (Medicare, 1965) based on the decision-making model of H. Jamous (1969). We try to identify the social forces, their interactions and the other main factors that account for the outcome in each case, while also appraising the relevancy of the model. On a theoretical level, we conclude to the impossibility of a general theory of political decision-making and plead for less ambitious theoretical models and a heavier emphasis on empirical research
Debue, Anne-Sophie. "Un autre regard : enjeux de la participation infirmière durant les décisions de limitations et d'arrêts de traitements en réanimation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASK006.
Повний текст джерелаEnd-of-life decision-making in the Intensive Care Units (I.C.U.) is often a source of dissatisfaction, moral distress & conflict among critical care workers. In this work, we focused on the French legal concept of “collegial procedure”, which is supposed to apply to end of life decision making and requires nurses participation. First, we studied the decisional processes and found they followed 5 steps : 1) Triggers for questioning the ongoing project, 2) Shared questioning, 3) Organization of a team meeting, 4) Informing the patient & his/her relatives, & 5) implementation of the final decision. We focused on variations for each of these steps and tried to understand barriers to a fruitful & satisfying collaborativeness. In a second part of this work, we tried to understand the specificities nurses may add to those end-of-life decision-making processes. We found that nurses are experts on the patient’s body & lived body (how does she/he inhabits her/his body in health but when dealing with illness). We used J.Lawler concept of somology. The third part of this work deals with the narrative work ICU caregivers manage around their unconscious patients, especially in the context of changes in the therapeutic project. This PhD thesis, hopefully, focuses on three aspects of a classical topic that are seldomly studied and provide new tools to think and improve overall satisfaction around end of life decision-making
Glaize, Annabelle. "Prise de décision en santé : une approche de décision multicritère." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A006.
Повний текст джерелаDecisions in healthcare are often complex and difficult to make and justify. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a decision-making tool that has been proven to be useful in numerous applications in healthcare contexts. Specifically, this operations research tool enables the integration of multiple conflicting criteria and encourages stakeholders to participate in the decision-making process. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to contribute to the scientific literature on MCDA methods and how they should be applied in healthcare contexts, which are characterised by complex decision-making, by expanding these methods’ possible applications. This research is composed of three essays, each of which answers a specific research question related to decision-making in healthcare. The first essay maps the literature and assesses how the steps of the MCDA process are followed in different healthcare contexts. The second essay combines the business process improvement (BPI) methodology and lean methods to assess a chemotherapy outpatient service that suffers from difficulties in the patient flow process and propose improvement opportunities. The third essay builds on the findings of the second and applies the ELECTRE III method to define which actions could help improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction of the outpatient service
Mathias, Virginie. "Communications et Informations sur l'alimentation et la nutrition dites bénéfiques pour la santé : les influences sur les savoirs et pratiques corporelles d'adultes vivant en France contemporaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20657/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur survey studies the speeches on “healthy diet” in contemporary France.Whether they come from medical, scientific, political groups or from governmentalor not institutions, or from the population, they are polysemous.They build themselves in time and produce a social standard which relies onrecurring topics such as balance or the food variety.The idea of a healthy diet is supported by such myths as eternal youth, superman,social harmony and purity.With these choices, the subjects build up for themselves a plurality of dietaryidentities. Healthy food models are in connection with the region of residence, thephysical status, the religion, the sex, the age and the social images of food.The food identity, process of differentiation and resemblance evolves and bringspeople to the renunciation of themselves to go and meet the other one, his or herfood universe and become “one equal to the other one".We draw eaters' portraits put on a diet by their society and who feel an appetite fortheir health in social interaction. Then, we illustrate messages on “the healthydiet” with collective and also individual reinterpretations. People are going to payattention to the information and the communications on food and the nutrition saidbeneficial for health from the moment these messages fit their way of life.Eating is a sign of the physical intention of the human being. Food makes a"healthy" sexual body. However in the contemporary world food releases negativeaspects: the food risks. Nowadays, arise from food fears even nutritional diseasesat the "normal" man.A healthy diet is a control lever for the manipulation of the subjects and revealactors' logics. Biomedical tools serve then a dominant physical aesthetics andprovide an "idealized" human body along with “medical care”. Is health anappearance of aesthetic beauty?
Hequet, Delphine. "Evaluation globale de la prise en charge des patientes présentant un cancer du sein opérable d’emblée : analyse médico-économique des parcours de soins, audit de qualité des soins, évaluation de la satisfaction des patientes et impact des nouvelles technologies dans les décisions thérapeutiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS010.
Повний текст джерелаBreast cancer is a frequent but heterogeneous disease. Therefore, there are multiple clinical pathways, of which the optimization is one of the objectives of the 3rd Plan Cancer. Three dimensions of the clinical pathways were analyzed through 2 multicenter prospective studies: quality, cost and psychosocial impact. Efficiency levers have been identified: to promote screening for breast cancer, to mimic the organization of comprehensive cancer centers, to better target patients benefiting from adjuvant chemotherapy by accessing tools innovations such as genomic tests. In a 3rd prospective study, the adjuvant chemotherapy decision was modified in 18% of the cases. Genomics enters routine in oncology. Clinicians must understand this discipline. The last part of this thesis reports the work carried out in genomics in breast cancer, at the stage of research on a gene coding for a protein with methyltransferase activity, PRDM15, promising in triple-negative breast cancers expressing androgen receptors
Teodorescu, Daniela Iulia. "Le point de vue des Roumains sur le don d'organes, les décisions de fin de vie et la couverture sociale : trois études d'éthique de soin Le point de vue des Roumains et des professionnels de la santé concernant le don d'organes vivants Le point de vue des roumains et des professionnels de santé concernant le Suicide Médicalement Assisté Le point de vue des roumains concernant la couverture sociale." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20100.
Повний текст джерелаOur research investigates the views of Romanians lay people’s and health professionals regarding living organ donation (LOD), physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and health insurance program. Our work is based on N.H. Anderson's Functional Theory of Information Integration (1981). With regard to the first study: 263 adults (including 51 health professionals) rated the LOD's acceptability of the 42 realistic scenarios resulting from the combination of five factors: A) type of organ, B) whether it could have been obtained from a cadaver, C) donor-recipient relationship, D) donor's level of autonomy, E) financial compensation, to which we added factor F) patient’s level of responsibility for their illness. For the second study: 212 lay people’s and 52 health professionals judged the acceptability of PAS in 36 realistic vignettes composed of all combination of four factors: A) the patient’s age, B) the level of the incurability of the illness, C) the type of suffering, and D) the patient’s request for PAS. Regarding the third study: 271 adults (including 40 health professionals and 33 business managers) judged the acceptability of the health insurance program in 51 realistic scenarios resulting from the combination of five factors: A) Employers contribution, B) Workers contribution, C) Medical and dental coverage, D) Coverage of chronic or severe illness, E) Beneficiaries. Results: Regarding LOD, seven qualitatively different judgment positions were found: Never Acceptable (12%), Free Market (44%), Compensation (12%), Altruism (6%), Always Acceptable (16%), Patient’s responsibility (4%) and Undetermined (6%). For the second study, the results show that the majority of lay people (51%) and health professionals (85%) were opposed to the PAS, regardless of the conditions. Regarding our third study the results show that most participants (78%) favored the existence of a health insurance program
Dab, William. "La décision en santé publique : valeur décisionnelle de la surveillance épidémiologique dans les situations d'urgence et de crise de santé publique." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON1T002.
Повний текст джерелаDupuy, Alice. "La décision de santé de la personne âgée : entre protection et autonomie." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D006.
Повний текст джерелаIndividuals are assumed to be autonomous as far as decisions regarding their health are concerned, which consequently means that they are legally capable. Such a criterion of assumed legal capacity is not always applicable to elderly people, whose position cannot always be reduced to a capacity vs. Incapacity dichotomy. Elderly people thus benefit from equal measures of protection, in an “all or nothing” system which is not always adapted to them. Beyond legal criteria, what seems appropriate is to hold to a conception where autonomy is combined with freedom. If one observes such a view, traditional approaches are no longer satisfactory. Despite the legislator’s will to strengthen patient’s autonomy, the integration of rules connected with incapacities in health legal matters is both incoherent and unfair. More recently, new approaches have emerged in which future incapacity is anticipated and catered for. Those are based on the principle of individual responsibility and free-will in the granting of increased personal autonomy. Yet, they still rest upon the principle of legal capacity. In reality, autonomy cannot be affirmed totally for each individual, even more so for the weaker members of the community, where other principles, such as collective solidarity, also apply. However, in order for the elderly to enjoy a degree of autonomy away from law texts, some possibilities can be put forward, such giving up the legal capacity principle, and others can be opted for, such as the adoption of the principle of competence, in the medical sense of the term. While the law cannot address each individual situation, it would be interesting to resort to more case by case solutions
Nadeau, Catherine. "Impact de l'intervention DÉCISION+2 sur l'intention des professionnels de la santé de s'engager dans la prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28954/28954.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRetali, Gérald-Réparate. "Essai sur l'évaluation économique de l'e-santé." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G046/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe new information and communication technologies represent useful tools for improving the health system. Decisions on their implementation and use must be based on solid observations to assess their impacts on care and health. The difficult use of classical economic evaluation methods is due to the multidimensionality of the assessment of telemedicine implementations. Indeed, to evaluate the impact of the introduction of telemedicine, it is necessary to take into account various indicators identified in the literature, as cost, accessibility, acceptability and quality. Furthermore, they need to be considered with respect to all the stakeholders involved in the decision process. In this context, decision support theories provide additional insight into the evaluation of telemedicine. The objective of this thesis is to present a multicriteria evaluation methodology involving multiple decision makers for the establishment of remotely monitored medical dialysis (RMMD) solutions. To reach a decision, the hospital director wishes to take into account, next to the above mentionned indicators, the preferences of the physicians and the dialysis patients. In order to explicit these preferences, we suggest to consider that the patients and the physicians are decision makers which have to express a ranking of care modalities evaluated on multiple criteria. We thus face a situation involving multiple judges which overlay a multiplicity of viewpoints. To solve this problem, we use techniques both from social choice theory and multicriteria decision analysis. First we propose to agregate the individual rankings of the patients on the potential multicriteria care modalities into a patient-wide order, which is then used in the multicriteria preference elicitation phasis of the physicians. The individual rankings of the latter ones is then aggregated into a physician-wide ranking which is then combined with the patients' one and further economical criteria to elicit the hospital director's preferences on the care modalities. This methodology is applied to the implementation of medical dialysis units in Brittany (France), on basis of the preferences of 16 patients, 8 physicians and 1 hospital director. The preferences of all the stakeholders of this decision process are representable by additive value models. The preferred alternative among the patients and the physicians is the medical dialysis unit with remote monitoring. The criterion which has the highest impact on the patients' (resp. physicians') decision is the distance to the dialysis unit (resp. the patients' satisfaction). Finally, the analysis shows that the most important criteria for the hospital director are the physicians' and the patients' satisfaction. This work shows that it is important to consider the heterogeneity and the multiplicity of viewpoints and actors in the evaluation of the implementation of RMMD solutions via multicriteria decision support techniques
Barlesi, Fabrice. "Evaluation de la santé perçue en oncologie thoracique : place dans l'aide à la décision." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20681.
Повний текст джерелаLung cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. Efforts included a the “Plan Cancer” are done to improve patients survival and control treatment-related toxicities. In addition, patients have been clearly placed at the centre of health system. Then, besides classical quantitative assessment of treatments efficacy, qualitative measures have been initiated. Our works suggest that (i) doctors involved in thoracic oncology wish to include these measures into their practice, (ii) these measures provide additional information regarding post-operative course after thoracic surgery, (iii) a tool possibly influencing health perception might be represented by information delivered by doctors to patients, (iv) these measures are however not strictly related to the quality of health care
Kertenian, Isabelle. "Variété des pratiques professionnelles et trajectoires de décision : application au domaine de la santé." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24014.
Повний текст джерелаGuillaud-Jullien, Martine. "Aide à la décision dans la mise en place d'un dépistage en santé bucco-dentaire." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10168.
Повний текст джерелаButhion, Valérie. "Gérer les organisations complexes à espaces de décision multiples : application à l'organisation des soins de santé." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605872.
Повний текст джерелаGuégot, Françoise. "Gestion d'une base de données mixte, texte et image : application à la gestion médicale dentaire." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090042.
Повний текст джерелаIn the frame work of organizational data processing, we have shown, on an actual example -a dental surgeon cabinet- that image display constitutes a bonus which may prove decisive in decision making. This should be considered to play down the principles governing a mixed data basic managering system. A basis of text data will be constituted through an S. I. A. D generator which will also perform the necessary processing of the said data. A basis of image data will be established. In parallel with the former, from an inventory of the various image processing techniques. Finally, both basis will be connected to form the mixed data managerial system
Praud, Anne. "Apport de l'épidémiologie dans le choix des outils d'aide à la prise de décision sanitaire en santé animale : evaluation des tests de dépistage en santé animale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783710.
Повний текст джерелаPoirier, Canelle. "Modèles statistiques pour les systèmes d'aide à la décision basés sur la réutilisation des données massives en santé : application à la surveillance syndromique en santé publique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B019.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past few years, the Big Data concept has been widely developed. In order to analyse and explore all this data, it was necessary to develop new methods and technologies. Today, Big Data also exists in the health sector. Hospitals in particular are involved in data production through the adoption of electronic health records. The objective of this thesis was to develop statistical methods reusing these data in order to participate in syndromic surveillance and to provide decision-making support. This study has 4 major axes. First, we showed that hospital Big Data were highly correlated with signals from traditional surveillance networks. Secondly, we showed that hospital data allowed to obtain more accurate estimates in real time than web data, and SVM and Elastic Net models had similar performances. Then, we applied methods developed in United States reusing hospital data, web data (Google and Twitter) and climatic data to predict influenza incidence rates for all French regions up to 2 weeks. Finally, methods developed were applied to the 3-week forecast for cases of gastroenteritis at the national, regional and hospital levels
Camus, Agathe. "Une "certaine latitude". Santé et autonomie dans la décision médicale et la relation de soin en médecine interne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC101.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph. D analyses the way in which the concepts of health and autonomy are articulated in a given clinical practice, that of internal medicine in hospital care departments. It does so particularly in the context of medical decision-making and in the “travail du soin”, a phrase we may translate into English as “care endeavour”. The aim is to show how through its position in the hospital context, its field of application and the global and holistic approach it claims for, internal medicine pays particular attention to the clinical problems it faces and gives the possibility to grasp them in their different dimensions. Based on a work of reconstruction of the history of internal medicine and its theoretical referents from the analysis of its speeches, a conceptual analysis of the categories of autonomy, health and decision, and observations made in internal medicine department, this Ph. D focuses on a certain number of complex situations, that involve polypathological condition or comorbidities. They crystallise the difficulties linked to autonomy as a moral value and to the application, in the context of care and decision-making, of the "principle of autonomy". They also question the "functional autonomy" erected as a standard of care, and apprehended as the opposite of dependency. It appears that different senses of autonomy intertwine in the care given to the situations of polypathology and comorbidities and in the decisions that concern them : the concern for functional autonomy, the consideration for social autonomy and for an inclusion in a network of support and formal and informal care, as well as issues of self-determination and crucial life choices. Besides, these different senses of autonomy intertwine with health considerations. This situations lead us to consider different forms of health and autonomy, which take into account the various forms of dependency that allow a sick person to preserve what will be designated in this work as a certain “latitude of life”. The latter includes a certain “latitude” in the decisions made about them. At stake in this work is the attempt to adopt a positive concept of health – distinct from its conception as the absence of disease ; a concept that also allows to consider autonomy in various ways. This « health » must be something we can take care of, even in situations of long-term pathological condition. On the basis of the conceptions of health states and pathological states of Kurt Goldstein and Georges Canguilhem we examine in this Ph. D., we finally develop the idea of a form of health that is understood as a "certain latitude of life", a life latitude likely to remain despite the restrictions, deficits, dependencies induced by the disease and to be aroused, maintained and restored through care and support relationships
Gottfried, Fabrice. "Vers un outil d'aide à la décision en ingénierie territoriale appliqué à la géolocalisation de centres de santé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAH012.
Повний текст джерелаEveryone knows that our western societies are getting older. Our elderly use also a lot of health care where costs go up and up year after year. Thus, health managers have to face conflicting challenges : how to offer top health protection for all at a reasonable cost for each of us and at an acceptable cost for our local health authorities. A health management that is too rigorous limited to the sole expenditure may undermine intergenerational solidarity by sacrificing the most vulnerable populations. In this way of mind, our aid decision tool could help health managers and politics find alternative solutions to restore some equity, in our case health care accessibility, to ensure sustainable social justice, the cement of all advanced societies. We have tested our tool with 2 territories having very different geographical and demographic characteristics : the densely populated Bas-Rhin region located in the Eastern part of France and the less densely populated region of Estrie located in the South-eastern Province of Quebec (Canada). Our tool may only be part of the solution to these health care costs mentioned above but, its utility and originality are also easily transferable to other possible organizational environments
Protiere, Christel. "L'évaluation contingente : outil d'aide à la décision publique dans le domaine de la santé ? : contexte d'évaluation simultanée de plusieurs programmes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24006.
Повний текст джерелаPellerin, Marc-André. "Évaluation des pratiques professionnelles : les résidents en médecine familiale et l'application des comportements associés à la prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27784/27784.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAbraham, Christophe. "Robustesse par rapport à la fonction de coût en théorie de la décision bayésienne." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T020.
Повний текст джерелаMancini, Julien. "Information et participation de patients dans divers contextes de décision en cancérologie." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20683.
Повний текст джерелаBecerra, Perez Maria Margarita. "Fréquence de regret décisionnel après une consultation en médecine de première ligne et ses facteurs associés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27550.
Повний текст джерелаAfin d’estimer la fréquence du regret décisionnel de patients suite à une consultation médicale et d’en identifier les facteurs de risque, nous avons réalisé une analyse secondaire d’une banque de données portant sur 258 consultations en soins de première ligne. À l’aide de l’Échelle de Regret Décisionnel (ÉRD), nous avons observé que la moyenne ± écart-type et la médiane du score de regret décisionnel étaient respectivement de 11.7 ± 15.1 et de 5 (sur une échelle de 0 à 100). Au total 43% des participants n’éprouvaient aucun regret (score = 0), alors que 45% avaient un score compatible avec un faible regret (score = 5 – 25) et 12% avaient un regret plus élevé (score ≥ 30). Après ajustement pour l’âge et le niveau d’éducation des patients ainsi que pour le sexe et le statut des cliniciens, seul un niveau élevé de conflit décisionnel fut identifié comme facteur de risque du regret. La fréquence de regret décisionnel en première ligne justifie des approches ciblant la réduction du conflit décisionnel.
To estimate the frequency of decision regret and examine risk factors associated with regret, we conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from 258 primary care consultations. With the Decision Regret Scale, we observed that mean ± standard deviation and median decision regret scores were 11.7 ± 15.1 and 5 respectively (on a scale of 0 to 100). Overall, 43% of participants did not experience decision regret (score = 0), while 45% experienced mild regret (score = 5 – 25) and 12% experienced higher regret (score ≥ 30). After adjusting for patient age and education level as well as physician gender and status, a high level of decisional conflict was identified as the only risk factor of regret. The frequency of decision regret in primary care justifies approaches targeting the reduction of decisional conflict.
Martin, Marie. "Evaluation psychocognitive des représentations des patients sur le traitement de l’information du médecin et de l’accompagnateur au dépistage dans le cadre de la communication préventive du cancer colorectalprise de décision, profils interactifs et réduction des inégalités sociales de santé : prise de décision, profils interactifs et réduction des inégalités sociales de santé." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1021.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the establishment of an organized colorectal cancer screening in France, participation remains low (1/3), particularly for people affected by social inequalities in health. The physician-patient communication is of paramount importance, especially during the exchange when the CRC screening test, the Hemoccult-II ®, is presented. Inspired by the "patient navigator" program (Freeman, 1995), our team has developed the PRADO project: its objective is to assess the impact of the patient navigator on the increasing participation in this screening, in a context of social inequalities in health. Its role is to provide personalized support to the beneficiary to overcome these obstacles. The psychological study, included in this project, explore the cognitive, behavioural, relational and emotional mechanisms on which the patient navigator can intervene. This doctoral work, integrated to the project, studies the patient's representations of their communication with the physician versus the patient navigator, in terms of cognitive psychology. Our focus is on the processing of medical information by the patient, in order to an informed decision-making. The results suggest that the doctor retains a favoured interlocutor position and that the patient navigator is credited as a third resource. The intervention of the patient navigator is indeed complementary to the physician's, provided that the preliminary interview with the physician has made a good first impression
Ousseine, Youssoufa mlaraha. "Littératie en santé, inégalités d'information et état de santé des personnes atteintes de cancer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0692.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Literacy (HL) refers to the knowledge, motivation, and skills to access, understand, evaluate, and apply information in the health field. It is a major determinant of health that is frequently considered as a mechanism of the social inequities of health. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the association between HL, information inequities and the health status of people with cancer. However, given the lack of HL measuring instruments in France, we started with the psychometric validation of measurement tools.Our empirical work is based on analyzes of three surveys.These analyses allowed having valid French version of subjective scales measuring HL, numeracy and shared decision-making process. Our analyzes have shown that a limited level of HL is associated with less involvement in the shared decision process, more information seeking and impaired mental and physical health status. In addition, patients with limited level of HL consulted more often the general practitioner and the social worker. Considering the patients’ HL level during all the course of their care seems mandatory. This would allow information to be tailored to patients’ HL level, to reduce information inequities and increase patient participation in decision-making. In addition, this would also allow health professionals to propose special care for people with low levels of HL to improve their health and quality of life
Zermani, Sara. "Implémentation sur SoC des réseaux Bayésiens pour l'état de santé et la décision dans le cadre de missions de véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0101/document.
Повний текст джерелаAutonomous vehicles, such as drones, are used in different application areas to perform simple or complex missions. On one hand, they generally operate in uncertain environmental conditions, which can lead to disastrous consequences for humans and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the health of the system in order to detect and locate failures and to be able to make the decision in real time. This decision must maximize the ability to meet the mission objectives while maintaining the security requirements. On the other hand, they are required to perform tasks with large computation demands and performance requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to think of dedicated hardware accelerators to unload the processor and to meet the requirements of a computational speed-up.This is what we tried to demonstrate in this dual objective thesis. The first objective is to define a model for the health management and decision making. To this end, we used Bayesian networks, which are efficient probabilistic graphical models for diagnosis and decision-making under uncertainty. We propose a generic model based on an FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis). This analysis takes into account the different observations on the monitors and the appearance contexts. The second objective is the design and realization of hardware accelerators for Bayesian networks in general and more particularly for our models of health management and decision-making. Having no tool for the embedded implementation of computation by Bayesian networks, we propose a software workbench covering graphical or textual Bayesian networks up to the generation of the bitstream ready for the software or hardware implementation on FPGA. Finally, we test and validate our implementations on the Xilinx ZedBoard, incorporating an ARM Cortex-A9 processor and an FPGA
Canivet, Delphine. "Contribution à l'étude de la prise de décision partagée dans les contextes de haute incertitude en oncologie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/231669.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ferron, Parayre Audrey. "Le dépistage du conflit décisionnel chez les patients en soins primaires : Validation du test SURE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29542/29542.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis study validated the psychometric properties of a screening tool assessing decisional conflict, the SURE test, in patients with acute respiratory infection who had to make a decision about taking antibiotics or not. Using a self-administered questionnaire which was provided immediately after the medical encounter, 712 patients recruited in nine family practice teaching units related to Laval University were asked to respond to SURE and Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) questions, the gold-standard measure of decisional conflict. The internal consistency using Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficient was 0.7, and there was a significant correlation between DCS and SURE scores (P<0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity were 94.3% (79.4-99.0) and 85.2% (82.2-87.8, respectively. This study suggests that the SURE test is appropriate to screen for decisional conflict in primary care. The validity of the test in different decisional contexts should be evaluated.
Mukuri, Jocelyn Trésor. "Exploration des facteurs de décision d'approvisionnement en logiciels libres pour les affaires : une étude comparative temporelle et sectorielle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25934.
Повний текст джерелаHammami, Sondes. "Aide à la décision dans le pilotage des flux matériels et patients d'un plateau médico-technique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168328.
Повний текст джерелаAllaire, Anne-Sophie. "Facteurs influençant la participation des médecins à un programme de développement professionnel continu en prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28639/28639.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBlein, Cécile. "Les systèmes de classifications de patients : leurs modes d'implémentation internationale et leurs outils d'aide à la décision pour la régulation des systèmes de santé." Lyon 1, 2009. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6wh2n5t.
Повний текст джерелаPatient classification systems are tools allowing to support the prospective payment regulation model expression. Function regulation model incentives values, different algorithms are used internationally. Severity description constitutes one of variation type. In this context, France prepare a new version of his patient classification system V7. 11, which his inspired by German model, itself inspire by Australian model. Grouping function criteria have impact on hospitals by linking their activity to their payment. So it became necessarily for them and regulation's agency to develop benchmarking, management tools by data mining information system
Occelli, Florent. "Systèmes d’Information Géographique et Lien Environnement – Santé (SIGLES) : contribution au développement d'outils cartographiques d'aide à la décision face aux risques sanitaires liés à l'environnement." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S043/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental and social inequalities in health (ESIH) over territories are related to two cumulative dimensions: populations exposed to their living poor quality environment and the vulnerability of these populations to the environmental risk factors, which can affect health. This research deals with the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applied to the field of environmental health. General purposes are the characterization of environmental media quality and the assessment of ESIH.Achieving these objectives requires a first step of harvest, genesis and formatting spatialized environmental databases. Such data are resulting from physico-chemical monitoring and biomonitoring. They were then mapped using GIS tools, including geostatistical spatial interpolation methods. On the over hand, spatial variability in the incidence of diseases were investigated using disease mapping methods (Standardized Incidence Ratios: SIR) and the detection of atypical clusters of events (scan statistics), which are based on disease registries. Finally, geographical ecological studies are developed to associate the environmental maps generated to health and socio-economic status. Thus, this work aims to answer the question \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"do people with poor state of health live in a poor quality environment?\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" This question has been studied through three main researches.The first relates the characterization of trace elements burdens in the environment and the assessment of ESIH on neighborhood scale, over three territories in the Nord-Pas de Calais (NPdC) region. This research is conducted from measurements of biological burdens performed both in epiphytic lichens and humans and from a localized index of deprivation. The measured metals were considered individually, but also holistically by developing an integrated multimetallic index, in order to describe the general status of environmental pollution by metals. Environmental inequalities were observed on neighborhood scale in Dunkerque. Our results assume that trace elements burdens in populations are affected by environmental burdens.In our second research we revealed spatial disparities in the incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) on small area in the NPdC. Unlike other factors (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, medical practices), we highlighted the role of socio-economic status in the occurrence of such disparities. Only a part of the ESRD variability is currently explained. It is therefore necessary to focus on the environmental hypothesis.The third research focuses on the spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater contamination by trace elements, in order to identify potential environmental risk factors in the incidence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.This work is based on several collaborations with the REIN network, the EPIMAD registry, and several research teams (EA4483 and EA2694 Université Lille 2, TVES EA4477 ULCO).Following this thesis, the research prospects are to pursue the development of integrated indicators to assess population exposure to the multiple environmental media contamination. The results also indicate a lack of information in environmental databases compared to health registries. A work is thus needed to define the content of such databases. These are necessary to characterize the environmental quality and to help the assessment of interaction between the populations and their living environment
Arbelaez, Garces Giovanny Alberto. "Intégration des préférences des parties prenantes et amélioration de l'acceptabilité lors du processus de co-conception : application au système de santé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0069/document.
Повний текст джерелаDeveloping products that are better accepted by integrating users’ and stakeholders’ preferences is a major challenge for designers and project managers. How to evaluate and improve users’ acceptability has become an important research question. Current approaches leave the acceptability evaluation question for the last stages of New Product Development process (NPD), when a prototype is almost finished and when it is too late to make changes. For this our work is divided in the following contributions: • The test of the co-design approaches through two case studies. • A co-adaptation approach of the habitat for home-healthcare. • An assessment approach of the acceptability level of a solution based on Bayesian networks. • An improvement approach of the assessed acceptability level, enabling the research and simulation of improvement scenarios, combining Bayesian networks and a simulated annealing algorithm
Dorey, Julie. "Développement d'un outil d'aide à la décision pour l'organisation des soins dans la maladie d'Huntington." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE3083.
Повний текст джерелаFew studies have been done on the evaluation of the burden of patients suffering from Huntington’s disease (HD) and their family. The objectives of this thesis were: 1/development of an instrument evaluating HD characteristics; 2/validation of this instrument; 3/implementation of an observational study; 4/development of a model evaluating patients’ pathways. A self-administered instrument of quality of life related to health (HRQoL) and a self-administered clinical instrument specific for patients were developed. Both instruments showed good psychometric properties and were validated in several languages. The costs of HD in five countries (France, Italy, Spain, USA, Poland) were assessed. HRQoL of patients and caregivers and their determinants have been described. Also, a mathematical model that models the evolution of patients was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of new therapies in HD. A comparison between a mock treatment and current standard care showed that a therapy that improves the total score of the self-assessment TMS (H-CSRI) by 3.3 points would not be cost effective. Also, studies on HRQoL in patients with alcohol use disorders, and in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were made as well as studies on stroke patients pathways. These studies bring original information that meets needs for evaluation of therapeutic interventions in each of the considered areas
Virone, Gilles. "Architecture et simulation locales du système d'information domotique-santé intégré a domicile (sidø) pour la détection de situations à risque et l'aide à la décision." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19016.
Повний текст джерелаWe will begin with a review of Health Smart Homes (HSH) around the world before moving onto a description of our system, the HISø or "Health Integrated Smart Home Information System", developed at the TIMC laboratory in Grenoble. We hypothesize that there is a connection between biological and social rhythms, behavior, and thus with physical activity which we can measure by observing a subject's displacements within the habitat. We created the term "activity circadian rhythms" (ACR) to refer to the behavioral measurement of patient activity
Bahrami, Stéphane. "Essais sur la qualité des soins : approches en économie et en santé publique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090073.
Повний текст джерелаThis work takes the perspectives of economics and public health to study issues related to the quality of hospital care.The first chapter introduces the concept of quality of care in economics and public health. We show that the two fields use similar definitions of the concept but explore differing and complementary approaches towards its regulation.Fixed price competition between hospitals, as implemented by a prospective payment system, should lead to an improvement of care quality, provided that the demand for care is increasing with quality. The second chapter evaluates the sensitivity to quality of demand for hospital care in France, using ranking lists published by the lay media as a measure of information on quality available to potential patients. We estimate changes in hospital demand caused by ranking lists on a panel of hospitals located in the Paris area, for several pathologies. We find a sizeable and significant demand shift towards hospitals belonging to the top list in the forprofit sector for one pathology. No effect is observed for non-profit hospitals, or for other pathologies in the for profit sector. Competition for quality may thus not be a feasible regulation approach for French public hospitals.The third chapter provides evidence regarding the cost of hospital infection control strategies targeting antimicrobial resistant bacteria. We estimated the burden and costs associated with two types of strategies, relying on targeted screening or on general hygiene promotion strategies, in two multinational controlled clinical trials, in surgical and intensive care units.Our results highlight the variability of costs associated with broad, non-specific hygiene promotion interventions, and, for interventions which were found to be effective by the clinical trials, costs that are consistent with the hypothesis that these interventions are costeffective
Delanoë, Agathe. "Influence des facteurs sociocognitifs et de la littératie en santé sur l'intention des femmes enceintes d'utiliser un outil d'aide à la décision dans le contexte du dépistage prénatal de la trisomie 21." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27642.
Повний текст джерелаPregnant women face a choice about whether or not to have a prenatal test for Trisomy 21 (T21) or Down syndrome. This choice is difficult as it involves risk, possible loss or regret, and challenges to personal values. Using decision aids (DA) could help pregnant women make evidence-based decisions aligned with their values and preferences. However, in spite of their advantages, DA are not used systematically in prenatal care. The goal of this study was therefore to identify the psychosocial and health literacy variables that influence pregnant women’s intentions to use a DA for deciding about prenatal T21 testing. For this quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study, we surveyed 350 pregnant women in the province of Quebec (Canada) using a web panel. The women completed a self-administered questionnaire based on an expanded version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour evaluating seven psychosocial constructs (intention, attitude, anticipated regret, subjective norm, descriptive norm, moral norm and perceived control) and four health literacy variables. The survey also collected sociodemographic data. We performed descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses. In order of importance, factors identified as determining pregnant women’s intention to use a DA were: attitude (odds ratio/OR 9.16; 95% confidence interval/CI 4.02–20.85), moral norm (OR 7.97, 95% CI 4.49–14.14), descriptive norm (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.63–4.92) and anticipated regret (OR 2.43; 95%CI 1.71–3.46). Health literacy showed no significant effect (P values range: 0.43-0.92) on pregnant women’s intention to use a DA. These conclusions could inform the design of an intervention that takes these determining factors into account.
Späth, Hans-Martin. "L'aide à la décision apportée par l'information économique dans le secteur de la santé : le choix des médicaments à inclure dans les livrets thérapeutiques d'établissements hospitaliers." Lyon 1, 2001. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m62f7kh7.
Повний текст джерелаSchwarzinger, Michaël. "Le décideur public face à la société en microéconomie de la santé ? : faisabilité et implications des stratégies de valorisation en santé en France et en Egypte." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066246.
Повний текст джерелаMicroeconomics provides a means to allocate scarce resources to competing options. Cost-effectiveness analysis has been developed in health economics and differs from the traditional cost-benefit analysis used in welfare economy: health benefits are measured by QALYs gained instead of money. Since 1996, the standardization of cost-effectiveness analysis increased its use by decision makers in many countries. However, cost-effectiveness analysis relies on stronger assumptions, in particular the elicitation of the general population values for patient’s health states. This thesis crosschecks the empirical support of various valuation strategies in health according to the local setting. In the first part, the different valuation strategies in health are reviewed in the setting of countries using cost-effectiveness analysis. Only a pragmatic dogmatism justifies cost-effectiveness analysis as compared to cost-benefit analysis. In the second part, five experiments are presented in France and Egypt. They support the feasibility and validity of valuation strategies in health in those settings. They show however specific sociological features such as refusing to time trade-off. In conclusion, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses are feasible in those settings. Specific sociological features imply a higher level of standardization of cost-effectiveness analysis, and they compromise the transfer of results produced in other settings