Дисертації: "Decision-making management system"

1

Костюченко, Надія Миколаївна, Надежда Николаевна Костюченко, Nadiia Mykolaivna Kostiuchenko, Денис Олегович Смоленніков, Денис Олегович Смоленников, and Denys Olehovych Smolennikov. "Institutional decision-making in environmental management system." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8144.

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2

Rezgui, Abdelkerim [Verfasser]. "Decision Evaluation System : Towards Sustainable Decision-Making / Abdelkerim Rezgui." Aachen : Shaker, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1188550578/34.

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3

Tang, Yu-wen S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Tradespace as a decision making tool in bioprocess design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107362.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 80-83).
The field of systems engineering upholds that fundamental engineering principles exist and are applicable across different domains and contexts. In this thesis, a state-of-the art decision and design evaluation method developed for aerospace systems, Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration (MATE) is complemented with Design of Experiments (DoE) and applied for the first time to a bioprocess design problem. The implementation of DoE was necessary due to the high complexity of bioprocess systems, where a design variable (or a reasonably small number of design variables) cannot be easily identified to explain a given attribute of the product or process. DoE not only allows the identification of design variables that most influence a given attribute, but also allows the development of Single-Utility-Functions facilitating the incorporation of the Multi- Utility component of the MATE method. The proposed new MATE-DoE method was implemented in two case studies to assess its applicability; namely bio-production of DHA and bio-production of a lipase enzyme. Based on published DoE experimental results, utility functions and cost estimations were carried out to develop a Tradespace. The resulting Tradespace demonstrates: (a) the possible implementation of the proposed method, (b) that the use of Tradespace complements the traditional bioprocess development practice by allowing decision makers to choose an architecture that optimizes for more than one objective (multi-objective), (c) that the proposed method takes into consideration the complex decision making process of customers (multi-attribute), and (d) that simultaneous comparison analysis to competitors and market standards are possible using the method. While the method was proven to be applicable, it is relatively complex and the number of experiments and market data required might prevent its broad implementation. Also, potential errors and misleading results might result from inaccurate input data. Special attention and effort need to be put in accurate Single-Utility Function (SUF) weight designation to avoid this problem. The importance of assessing the complete bioprocess, as opposed to individual unit operations, is highlighted. Finally, further studies to develop "rules of thumb" in order to simplify the proposed MATE-DoE method is suggested.
by Yu-wen Tang.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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4

Devine, Paul (Paul S. ). "Reliability improvement project decision making : water cooling system redesign." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35114.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, June 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 66).
Deciding on which reliability & performance improvement projects to launch or to reject has historically been an extremely challenging responsibility of Teradyne management. Incorrect decisions can lead to major customer dissatisfaction, which may subsequently lead to loss of market share. Teradyne Engineering and Marketing team have been trying to develop a tool that would assist in their reliability improvement project decision making. The challenge is the dynamic aspects of the reliability improvement projects. Like most engineering projects, reliability improvement projects have variables such as internal workforce, productivity, skill sets, customer expectations and many others that are in constant motion. These variables make the assessment of reliability projects extremely difficult in a static framework. This research will incorporate these key variables into a dynamic framework to help assess individual reliability improvement projects.
by Paul Devine.
S.M.

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5

Chacon, Vince. "Executive decision making processes and outcomes : structure and robustness." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29536.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48).
Uncertainty in the decision making environment complicates the decision making process because future events may change the effect of a particular decision or series of decisions. This thesis explores the possibility of applying robust engineering design techniques to the decision making process in order to limit the effects of changing circumstances. The intent is to identify solutions that will reduce the variation in the outcome of decisions that are made across many projects by analyzing projects that have been executed at the Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) over the past several years. A framework to relate past performance to match the requirements of experiments in a Design of Experiments (DOE) analysis is developed. The approach views factors that are considered in making decisions as controllable elements and factors that unexpectedly affect the outcome of the decisions as noise. The resulting framework is then organized such that the data can be analyzed using the Taguchi approach to DOE, which has been successfully used for analyzing engineering design and manufacturing processes. The analysis approach considers the robustness of the outcome based on the factors used to make the decisions about the various projects that have been conducted at DFRC over the past six years. The decision process performance is analyzed and recommendation are made to improve the performance of the decision making process at DFRC. The analysis indicates that projects providing large increases in technical knowledge were the most influential in reducing the effects from changes in budget and staffing resources that were beyond the control of the decision makers.
by Vince Chacon.
S.M.

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6

Nilekar, Shirish K. "A system-oriented analysis of team decision making in data rich environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90698.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-80).
The information processing view of organizations [1] and subsequent works highlight the primary role of information processing in the effective functioning of markets and organizations. With the current wave of "big data" and related technologies, data-oriented decision making is being widely discussed [2] as a means of using this vast amount of available data for better decisions which can lead to improved business results. The focus of many of these studies is at the organization level. However, decisions are made by teams of individuals and this is a complex socio-technical process. The quality of a decision depends on many factors including technical capabilities for data analysis and human factors like team dynamics, cognitive capabilities of the individuals and the team. In this thesis, we developed a systems theory based framework for decision making and identified four socio technical factors viz., data analytics, data sensing, power distribution, and conflict level which affect the quality of decisions made by teams. We then conducted "thought experiments" to investigate the relative contribution of each of these factors to the quality of decisions. Our experiments and subsequent analyses show that while improved data analytics does result in better decisions, human factors have an out-sized contribution to the quality of decisions, even in data rich environments. Moreover, when the human factors in a team improve, the predictability of the positive impacts due to improvements in technical capabilities of the team also increases.
by Shirish K. Nilekar.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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7

Wang, Ming-hua. "A knowledge-based system approach for project management decision-making support." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340476.

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8

Queiroz, Vieira Turnell M. de F. "A decision making aid system based on a small microprocessor." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379855.

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9

Xu, Hua S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A system approach to augment clinical decision-making using machine learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121803.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-80).
This thesis helps find limits within which automated methods can support and surpass the capabilities of medical professionals and the limits beyond which these methods are not yet adequate. This will inform later exploration about (a) what improvements in data collection, interpretation, and visualization will enhance technology's capacity and (b) what changes clinicians can make to improve their decision making-augmented or not. This thesis includes (a) describing clinical decisions, informed by literature and clinical case studies and (b) reviewing current capabilities of machine methods. This led to (c) a test experiment-how to use data about a particular condition (e.g. in-hospital mortality rate prediction) from a particular source (the MIMIC III data base). The results will help define current limits on augmenting clinical decisions and establish direction for future work including more demanding experiments.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) includes Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Computer Vision, Speech Recognition, and Robotics. As an important branch of Al, ML builds statistical models to learn from sample data, known as "training", identifies patterns, and makes predictions based on new data, known as "inference." In this way, ML is useful in rationalizing and predicting in uncertain environments, with minimum human interventions. Decision making is central to the healthcare practice, with many decisions made under conditions of uncertainty. Clinicians must integrate a huge variety of data while pressured to decrease diagnostic uncertainties and risks to patients. Deciding what information to gather, which test to order, how to interpret and integrate this information to draw diagnostic conclusions, and which treatments to give are essential.
In typical situations, clinicians evaluate patient symptoms and potential disease patterns, confirmed by a variety of tests, and they initiate treatments based on their experience and customary practice. This is complicated when multiple illnesses coexist, the illness may be rare, the information may be conflicting, or prior interventions may affect the presenting symptoms.
by Hua Xu.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program

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10

Barton, John Edward Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "A spatial decision support system for the management of public housing." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/35209.

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11

Fabray, Christopher Edward. "Study of management decision making by ward sisters in a hospital and the effects on decision making after the implementation of a decision support system." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10815/.

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This thesis considers management decision making at the ward level in hospitals especially by ward sisters, and the effectiveness of the intervention of a decision support system. Nursing practice theories were related to organisation and management theories in order to conceptualise a decision making framework for nurse manpower planning and deployment at the ward level. Decision and systems theories were explored to understand the concepts of decision making and the realities of power in an organisation. In essence, the hypothesis was concerned with changes in patterns of decision making that could occur with the intervention of a decision support system and that the degree of change would be governed by a set of 'difficulty' factors within wards in a hospital. During the course of the study, a classification of ward management decision making was created, together with the development and validation of measuring instruments to test the research hypothesis. The decision support system used was rigorously evaluated to test whether benefits did accrue from its implementation. Quantitative results from sample wards together with qualitative information collected, were used to test this hypothesis and the outcomes postulated were supported by these findings. The main conclusion from this research is that a more rational approach to management decision making is feasible, using information from a decision support system. However, wards and ward sisters that need the most assistance, where the `difficulty' factors in the organisation are highest, benefit the least from this type of system. Organisational reviews are needed on these identified wards, involving managers and doctors, to reduce the levels of un-coordinated activities and disruption.

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12

Choo, Christopher Ledesma Weisen. "Real-time decision making in motorsports : analytics for improving professional car race strategy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100310.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 77).
We discuss features contained in a machine learning software developed at MIT for professional car racing, to improve the predictions of track position changes within a race. We study pit crew performance and driver performance within selected races, and find that good combined performance for both correlates to better finish positions. Secondly, we classify tracks based on tire wear and the ratio of 2 versus 4 tire change decisions for pit stops. We find that a driver's performance in early stages of the race is similar to performance in later stages, suggesting that final race outcomes may be inferred from earlier stages of the race. Thirdly, we look at how tire change decisions vary from track to track depending on tire wear, caution periods, and stages of the race to understand how teams adapt their tire change strategies as each race progresses. We propose heuristics based on these observations that may be used to improve the software. Next, we test whether the construction of the machine learning dataset using similar and different track characteristics has a discernible impact on the predictive capability of the software. Our tests indicate that it may be preferable to aggregate different races together because there is no distinct difference in the results when compared to only selecting similar races. Finally, we cover ideas about how new features could be implemented in the software, and touch on other factors affecting pit stop strategy in the quest for better predictive capability in the software.
by Christopher Ledesma Weisen Choo.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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13

Friedman, Sheldon. "The Effects of Dynamic Decision Making on Resource Allocation: The Case of Pavement Management." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0502103-112438.

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14

Won, Henry Thome. "A system-of-systems modeling methodology for strategic general aviation design decision-making." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26469.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Mavris, Dimitri; Committee Member: Gallman, John; Committee Member: Lewe, Jung-Ho; Committee Member: Schrage, Daniel; Committee Member: Upton, Eric. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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15

Lee, Hee Young. "An expert system for career management within an army structure." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303407.

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16

Gu, Chushu. "Estimating life-expectancy changes for medical decision making: New approximations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27247.

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Life-expectancy and Life-years lost are frequently used and analyzed indices of survival. Life tables and Markov models are two exact approaches to calculate these indices; however cumbersome calculation limits their usage in real situations. Some simple approximation approaches have therefore been developed since a convenient and accurate approximation is critical both to develop a treatment plan of a patient by physicians and to assess health policies by health policy makers. These approximation approaches include the DEALE (Declining Exponential Approximation of Life Expectancy), new DEALEs, the IPH method (A method developed at Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa) and the Keyfitz approach. A new approach has been developed to achieve better accuracy and maintain ease of application by extending the Keyfitz approach. To make the new approach less dependent on age-stratified tabulations, a convenient formula for the EME (Established market economics) region is developed. Its accuracy, robustness, and ease of application are demonstrated.

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17

Booth, William D. "Prototyping a web-enabled decision support system to improve capacity management of aviation training." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2009.

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For organizations with training pipelines, this study offers insight to help identify and minimize undesirable effects which may result from often unavoidable demand variations within a resource and time constrained environment. The highly complex Naval aviation training process is used as a case study. However, any organization with a training pipeline may find this study to be useful. Within a training pipeline, like any resource constrained production line, variability may cause undesirable results to occur. Variability includes any change in the number of students to train, time-to-train, instructor availability, material availability, and other supporting factors. Undesirable effects may include: delayed time-to-train, wasted valuable resources, reduced morale, reduced quality of training, or an increase in undesirable behaviors as a result of perceived production pressures. "Wasted valuable resources" includes human capital, money, material, and time. Although other sources of variability will be discussed, this study will primarily examine the cause and effect relationships resulting from variations in the number of students to train. Potential solutions are explored.

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18

Willmes, David E. 1965. "A framework for staffing strategy decision-making in projects involving complex system architectures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91785.

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19

White, Irma. "An initial concept study for a product management decision support system (PMDSS) supporting executives in a manufacturing, marketing and distribution company." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020213/.

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20

Nagashima, Kazunobu. "Inference system for selection of an appropriate multiple attribute decision making method." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9942.

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21

Olson, Nasrine. "Taken for Granted : The Construction of Order in the Process of Library Management System Decision Making." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3553.

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This thesis is an empirically based, theoretical discussion of the process of decision making in relation to Library Management Systems (LMS). Although the conceptualization of the LMS decision process in rational terms, common in many LMS selection models, may be useful in different respects, here the process is viewed from a social constructivist stance. It is argued that due to the complexities involved, the potential choice of an LMS does not necessarily reflect the superiority of the chosen LMS based on objective inherent qualities. Nevertheless, libraries continually choose new systems and in many of these selection processes, the chosen system is perceived as the optimal choice. In this study, therefore focus is placed on examining the way in which this shared perception is constructed. Three theoretical views are adopted as the research framework, including Brunsson’s views on the process of decision making and its consequences, Collins’s views on methodological symmetry and construction of conceptual order, and finally Giddens’s views on duality of structure and the social order. Observations, interviews, and document studies are the methods employed in four different case studies that each lasted from 10 months to two years. In this study an array of different factors were found to be influential during the long process of the LMS decision making. It was also found that although the norms of rationality were striven for, and shared perceptions of rationality were constructed, the complexities involved did not allow a true rational choice by determination of all the options, projection of future needs, evaluation of the identified options, and selection of the optimal outcome. Instead, the different activities and happenings during the process helped construct a shared perception of the possible courses of action and optimality of the decision outcomes. Based on this study and with the help of the theoretical framework, it was suggested that an LMS choice is only one potential consequence of the LMS decision process; other consequences include legitimization, action, responsibility, and constructions of conceptual and social order. Through this study, the importance of the day-to-day actions and interactions (at micro level) and their wider implications for the construction of shared perceptions and shaping and reshaping of social structures are highlighted. This thesis contributes towards an alternative conceptualization of the process of LMS decision making. It may also have implications for the library practice, LMS related research, and educational programs within LIS.

Akademisk av handling som med tillstånd av samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Göteborgs universitet för vinnande av doktorsexamen framläggs till offentlig

granskning kl. 13:15 fredagen den 1 oktober 2010, i hörsalen M404, Högskolan i Borås.

Avhandlingen har tilldelats den prestigefyllda utmärkelsen ”The 2011 Emerald/EFMD Outstanding Doctoral Research Awards”. The thesis has been awarded with the prestigious honor of ”The 2011 Emerald/EFMD Outstanding Doctoral Research Awards”

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22

Bicik, Josef. "A risk-based decision support system for failure management in water distribution networks." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/110414.

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The operational management of Water Distribution Systems (WDS), particularly under failure conditions when the behaviour of a WDS is not well understood, is a challenging problem. The research presented in this thesis describes the development of a methodology for risk-based diagnostics of failures in WDS and its application in a near real-time Decision Support System (DSS) for WDS’ operation. In this thesis, the use of evidential reasoning to estimate the likely location of a burst pipe within a WDS by combining outputs of several models is investigated. A novel Dempster-Shafer model is developed, which fuses evidence provided by a pipe burst prediction model, a customer contact model and a hydraulic model to increase confidence in correctly locating a burst pipe. A new impact model, based on a pressure driven hydraulic solver coupled with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to capture the adverse effects of failures from an operational perspective, is created. A set of Key Performance Indicators used to quantify impact, are aggregated according to the preferences of a Decision Maker (DM) using the Multi-Attribute Value Theory. The potential of distributed computing to deliver a near real-time performance of computationally expensive impact assessment is explored. A novel methodology to prioritise alarms (i.e., detected abnormal flow events) in a WDS is proposed. The relative significance of an alarm is expressed using a measure of an overall risk represented by a set of all potential incidents (e.g., pipe bursts), which might have caused it. The DM’s attitude towards risk is taken into account during the aggregation process. The implementation of the main constituents of the proposed risk-based pipe burst diagnostics methodology, which forms a key component of the aforementioned DSS prototype, are tested on a number of real life and semi-real case studies. The methodology has the potential to enable more informed decisions to be made in the near real-time failure management in WDS.

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23

McCullough, Christina M. "Building a Replicable Flood Forecast Mitigation Support System to Simplify Emergency Decision-Making." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301756439.

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24

King, Nelson Eng. "A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MINE EVALUATIONS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275287.

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25

Bello-Dambatta, Aisha. "The development of a web-based decision support system for the sustainable management of contaminated land." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/119265.

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Land is a finite natural resource that is increasingly getting exhausted as a result of land contamination. Land is made up of soil and groundwater, both of which have many functions for which we depend on, including provision of food and water, supporting shelter, natural flood defence, carbon sequestration, etc. Contaminants in land also pose a number of threats to public health and the environment; other natural resources; and have detrimental effects on property such as buildings, crops and livestock. The most effective method of dealing with these contaminants is to cleanup and return the sites to beneficial use. The cleanup process involves making a choice from amongst competing remediation technologies, where the wrong choice may have disastrous economic, environmental and/or social impacts. Contaminated land management is therefore much broader than the selection and implementation of remedial solutions, and requires extensive data collection and analysis at huge costs and effort. The need for decision support in contaminated land management decision-making has long been widely recognised, and in recent years a large number of Decision Support Systems (DSS) have been developed. This thesis presents the development of a Web-based knowledge-based DSS as an integrated management framework for the risk assessment of human health from, and sustainable management of, contaminated land. The developed DSS is based on the current UK contaminated land regime, published guidelines and technical reports from the UK Environment Agency (EA) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and other Government agencies and departments. The decision-making process of the developed DSS comprises of key stages in the risk assessment and management of contaminated land: (i) preliminary qualitative risk assessment; (ii) generic quantitative risk assessment; and (iii) options appraisal of remediation technologies and remediation design. The developed DSS requires site specific details and measured contaminant concentrations from site samples as input and produces a site specific report as output. The DSS output is intended to be used as information to support with contaminated land management decision-making.

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26

Raby, Matias A. (Matias Andres). "Architecting the Future Enterprise : a framework for supporting decision making in the selection of future states." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72970.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-106).
Enterprises that are successful over the long term are compelled to continuously transform in order to adapt to new contexts or economic environments. However, many of these transformation efforts fail to achieve their desired objectives. MIT Professors Nightingale and Rhodes have been developing an integrative approach that uses Enterprise Architecting as an instrument to support the planning of successful transformation. Although the approach has shown to be useful to guide transformations in various domains, feedback from previous users indicated the need for a more prescriptive and quantitative guidance in the process of moving an enterprise from the 'As-Is' to the desired 'To-Be' state. This thesis introduces a framework that provides a structure of reasoning about the process of architecting the future state of an enterprise in the context of a transformation. The 'Architecting the Future Enterprise' (AFE) Framework is an iterative method that incorporates a systems thinking approach to design future states and a multidimensional evaluation process that compares competing architectures in terms of effectiveness, effort and risk. It enables the generation of an output in the form of an Architecture Tradeoffs Matrix, a quantitative visual representation to assess tradeoffs among competing architectures. A case study is included to illustrate a real application of the AFE Framework. The implications of this research span across two areas. First, it aims to formalize enterprise transformation planning policies by providing practitioners a structure for reasoning that can help to minimize decision making errors. Second, by introducing quantification approaches to effectiveness, effort and risk, it improves the decision making process normally followed by enterprise leaders and architects to select the future architecture of their organizations. Finally, the framework leverages the use of simple engineering and management tools that lead to more informed decisions and to practical contributions to the practice of enterprise architecting and management decision making.
by Matias A. Raby.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
S.M.in Technology and Policy

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27

Johnson, Peter Schilling. "Spatial Decision Making: Using a Geographic Information System and the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Pre-Wildfire Management." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193578.

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Strategic management of wildlands for fire is increasingly a mix of traditional firescience, climatology and human perceptions. Not only must managers be expert atmodeling fuels and fire behavior, they must also understand human behavior, and theeffects of climate on landscapes. We hypothiszed that areas in national forests differspatially in their importance to stakeholders, including both the public and landmanagers. That this difference is based upon the inclusion of factors not typically foundin wildland fire models. To test this hypothesis we used a multidimensional approach toassess the spatial variability several factors including recreation, property values and fuelmoisture. This approach combined a geographic information system with the analytichierarchy process to predict and test the current distribution of areas in national forestsimportant to stakeholders.Inclusion of stakeholders appears to improve the validity and useability of aspatial decision support system. Comparing the model created in this dissertation withseveral others demonstrates that it is important to strike the right balance betweenstakeholders and technical experts when designing and creating a model. It is alwaysbeneficial, however, to a significant level of stakeholder involvement.Areas important for fire mitigation efforts depended on the stakeholder oraudience rating the model. Raters from the U.S. Forest Service tended to favor areas withhigh fire probability scores, while those from the Park Service prefered recreation areasand places people value. In both cases, locations people had easy access to, such as alongroads and trails were favored.These results confirmed the hypothesis that areas of importance are differentbased on the individual rating the model. Further testing and refinement of the modelincludes expanding the study area beyond the southwestern United States as wells asobtaining better sources of data with finer spatial resolutions.

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28

Osuri, Vaynu. "Successes of collaborative decision making at the Traffic Flow Management Program Office and the advantages of adopting toolkits." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35104.

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Анотація:

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 68).
Manufacturers, product designers and developers of products that have a large and diverse user base are consistently trying to produce products that satisfy as many users as possible. Manufacturers and product developers have found that it is extremely difficult to do so. The closer the manufacturer or developer gets to meeting all user needs, the higher and more prohibitive the cost gets. The Traffic Flow Management (TFM) Program Office, within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has the task the do just that. To its credit the TFM program office has come quite close to achieving this. The goal of this thesis is to identify and document the practices that have made the TFM program office successful and to find ways that can help them achieve even greater end user satisfaction. To do this TFM's complete product development cycle was analyzed. Special attention was given to user interaction and user innovation.
(cont.) The research found that the TFM program office does a good job of identifying user requirements, it also does a good job in incorporating user innovations but despite this, they are not able to meet all the user needs. The toolkit model is then used to demonstrate how the TFM program office can overcome some challenges that are inherent to the processes it currently follows.
by Vaynu Osuri.
S.M.

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29

Netterville, Ross Neil. "Information system outsourcing and strategic decision making : a meta-theoretic review of the literature." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80097.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Given the ubiquity of information systems and their importance for the functioning of organisations; understanding information systems and their impact on organisations has become critical for organisational success. The ability to effectively use information systems plays an increasing role in the success of organisations. There are many facets to understanding information systems in organisations, this thesis will assess the relationship between outsourcing an information system, and the strategic processes which lead to and are impacted by the outsourcing decision. The aim of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of decision making in the Information System Outsourcing literature by reflecting on the state of the literature from a research point of view. This thesis therefore undertakes a meta-theoretic review of the Information System Outsourcing literature, using journal articles, to get a general picture of the literature which will then be assessed in terms of the breadth of decision making perspectives which have been researched and the depth to which each perspective has been explored. First, the extent to which the development of the field of information system outsourcing resembles the development of the Information System Theory in general will be determined. This will be done by examining the history and development of the Information System Theory field, and examining the consequences of the fields’ rapid development for the legitimacy of the field. Next, criticisms which have been raised against the Information System Outsourcing literature will be identified and discussed, the primary criticism being the charge that the Information System Outsourcing field is broad in scope but shallow in its depth of understanding of decision making in the outsourcing processes. These criticisms, which are shared with the field of Information System Theory, are argued to arise from the history of rapid development of Information System Outsourcing. The potential consequences of these criticisms for Information System Outsourcing practitioners and researchers will also be discussed in order to establish the importance of evaluating the theme of Information System Outsourcing. Thirdly, a framework with which to test the criticism against the Information System Outsourcing literature will be developed. This framework will combine insights from decision theory with those of organisation theory. Finally; the framework will be used to analyse the Information System Outsourcing literature in order to verify or disprove the allegation of a broad but shallow understanding of decision making in Information System Outsourcing. This allegation will be addressed primarily through an analysis of the information system outsourcing literature in order to evaluate its depth. The analysis shows that the literature on Information System Outsourcing, whilst showing positive development, is not yet mature. The danger of the theme of Information System Outsourcing falling into an identity crisis like that faced by its parent field of Information Systems Theory still exists. The analysis also shows the areas in which the literature must develop in order to avoid an identity crisis. On meta-theoretical level, the value of returning to fundamental issues in Information Systems Outsourcing is shown through the use of decision theory and organisation theory.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gegewe die alomteenwoordigheid van inligtingstelsels en hul belang vir die funksionering van organisasies, het insig in inligtingstelsels en hul impak op organisasies van kritieke belang geword vir organisatoriese sukses. Die vermoë om inligtingstelsels effektief te gebruik, speel derhalwe ’n toenemende rol in die sukses van organisasies. Daar is egter baie dimensies van inligtingstelsels in organisasies. Hierdie tesis assesseer die verhouding tussen die uitkontraktering van 'n inligtingstelsel en die strategiese prosesse wat lei tot, en wat beïnvloed word deur, die besluit van die uitkontraktering. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om insig in die veld van inligtingstelseluitkontraktering te verdiep deur besinning oor die toestand van die veld vanuit 'n navorsing-oogpunt. Hierdie tesis onderneem dus 'n meta-teoretiese oorsig van die veld van Inligtingstelseluitkontraktering deur gebruik te maak van joernaalartikels. Die doel is om daarmee ’n algemene beeld te kry van die literatuur. Die literatuur word dan beoordeel in terme van die omvang van die onderwerpe wat nagevors is en die diepte waarop elke onderwerp ondersoek is. Eerstens word die mate van ooreenstemming tussen die ontwikkeling van die gebied van die Inligtingstelseluitkontraktering en die van algemene Inligtingsisteem Teorie bepaal. Dit sal gedoen word deur die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van die Inligtingsisteem Teorie veld te ondersoek. Daarmee saam word konsekwensies van die gebied se snelle ontwikkeling vir die legitimiteit van die veld, ondersoek. Hierna word kritiek wat geopper is op die veld van Inligtingstelseluitkontraktering geïdentifiseer en bespreek. Die belangrikste kritiek is die klag dat die Inligtingstelseluitkontraktering veld wyd in omvang, maar vlak in sy diepte van begrip is. Dit word aangevoer dat hierdie kritiek, wat ook geld vir die veld van Inligtingsisteemteorie, die resultaat is van die geskiedenis van die snelle ontwikkeling van die gebied van Inligtingsisteemuitkontraktering. Die moontlike gevolge van hierdie kritiek vir praktisyns en navorsers in Inligtingsisteemuitkontraktering sal ook bespreek word ten einde die belang van die volgehoue evaluasie van die gebied van Inligtingsisteemuitkontraktering te verduidelik. Derdens word 'n raamwerk ontwikkel waarmee die kritiek teen die Inligtingsisteemuitkontraktering veld getoets kan word. Hierdie raamwerk kombineer insigte uit besluitnemingteorie met dié van organisasieteorie. Ten slotte sal die raamwerk gebruik word om die Inligtingsisteemuitkontraktering literatuur te ontleed ten einde die bewering van die breë maar vlak karakter daarvan te verifieer of te weerlê. Hierdie bewering sal hoofsaaklik deur middel van 'n analise van die Inligtingsisteemuitkontraktering literatuur aangespreek word ten einde die diepte daarvan te evalueer. Die ontleding van die Inligtingsisteemuitkontraktering veld toon positiewe ontwikkeling, ofskoon nie volwassenheid nie. Die gevaar dat die veld in 'n identiteitskrisis val, soos dié van die breër veld van Informasiesisteemteorie, bestaan steeds. Die analise toon ook die gebiede aan waarin die veld moet ontwikkel ten einde 'n identiteitskrisis te vermy. Op meta-teoretiese vlak word die waarde van ŉ terugkeer na fundamentele kwessies in Inligtingsisteemuitkontraktering getoon deur die gebruik van die besluitnemingsteorie en organisasieteorie.

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30

Larson, David K. Rhodes Dent. "Prototype decision support system to aid in predicting training strategy success using system dynamics modeling software /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3196651.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2005.
Title from title page screen, viewed September 26, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Dent M. Rhodes (chair), Temba C. Bassoppo-Moyo, Thomas Crumpler, Patricia Rushing. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-200) and abstract. Also available in print.

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31

Paranagama, Priyanka C. (Priyanka Chandana) 1969. "Using decision maker personality as a basis for building adaptive decision support system generators for senior decision makers." Monash University, School of Information Management and Systems, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8035.

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32

Rezaei, Nader. "A Decision-making Framework for Hybrid Resource Recovery Oriented Wastewater Systems." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7907.

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Water shortage, water contamination, and the emerging challenges in sustainable water resources management (e.g., the likely impacts of climate change and population growth) necessitate adopting a reverse logistics approach, which is the process of moving wastewater from its typical final destination back to the water supply chain for reuse purposes. This practice not only reduces the negative impacts of wastewater on the environment, but also provides an alternative to withdrawal from natural water resources, forming a closed-loop water supply chain. However, the design of such a supply chain requires an appropriate sustainability assessment, which simultaneously accounts for economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The overall aim of this work was therefore to contribute to the literature by evaluating the impacts of water reclamation and reuse according to the triple-bottom-line sustainability indicators (i.e., economic, environmental, and social) and to develop frameworks and mathematical models to help decision-makers, stakeholders, and officials with the design of sustainable water reclamation and reuse systems. The applicability of the developed frameworks and models was examined using real case studies and hypothetical scenario analyses. This enactment also revealed the tradeoffs and thresholds associated with the design of sustainable water reclamation and reuse systems. To conquer the mentioned goal, the research was conducted in three major sections. The first part of the research was outlined to design possible scenarios for water reuse based on water reuse guidelines and evaluate the different types of end-use based on the three major dimensions of sustainability (i.e., economic, environmental and social aspects), simultaneously. The different reuse types considered include unrestricted urban reuse, agricultural reuse, indirect potable reuse (IPR), direct potable reuse (DPR), distributed unrestricted urban reuse, as well as some degree of decentralization of treatment plants for distributed unrestricted urban reuse. The tradeoff investigation and decision-making framework were demonstrated in a case study and a regret-based model was adopted as the support tool for multi-criteria decision-making. This study revealed that although increasing the degree of treatment for water reuse required implementation of advanced treatment options and it increased the implementation, operation, and maintenance (O&M) costs of the design, it increased the value of resource recovery significantly, such that it can offset the capital and O&M costs associated with the treatment and distribution for DPR. Improving the reclaimed water quality also reduced the environmental footprint (eutrophication) to almost 50% for DPR compared to the other reuse scenarios. This study revealed that the distance between the water reclamation facility and the end use plays a significant role in economic and environmental (carbon footprint) indicators. In the second part of this research, a multi-objective optimization model was developed to minimize the costs and environmental footprint (greenhouse gas emissions), and maximize social benefits (value of resource recovery) of the water reclamation systems by locating the treatment facility, allocating treatment capacity, selecting treatment technology, and allocating customers (final reclaimed water users). The expansion of the water reclamation system in Hillsborough County, Florida was evaluated to illustrate the use of the model. The impacts of population density and topography (elevation variation) of the water service area on the model outputs were also investigated. Although the centralization of treatment facilities takes advantage of the economies of scale, the results revealed that simultaneous consideration of economic and environmental indicators favored decentralization of treatment facilities in the study area. This was mainly due to the significant decrease in water transfer requirements, especially in less populous areas. Moreover, the results revealed that contribution of population density to the optimal degree of decentralization of treatment facilities was significant. In the last part of this work, hypothetical scenarios for a water service area were generated to evaluate the impacts of external variables on the design of water reclamation and reuse systems. Although the conducted sensitivity analyses in the previous sections revealed the tradeoffs and thresholds associated with the design of water reclamation systems, the concept of a hypothetical study helped with the elimination of case-specific factors and local conditions that could possibly influenced the outcomes. These factors, which were specific to the case studies (e.g., the location of candidate sites for implementation of water reclamation facilities and special population distribution patters) made barriers to the conclusions and hurdled the interpretation of findings. Two major factors, which were found to be significant among the factors influencing the design of water systems (i.e., elevation variation and population density), were selected for the evaluation. Accordingly, three different topographies (i.e., flat region, medium elevation variation, and hilly) and three types of population density (i.e., low, medium, and high) were considered for the design of hypothetical cases and the previous model developed in the second section was modified and used to evaluate the impacts. The results revealed that although decentralization of water reclamation facilities decreases the costs and environmental impacts associated with water transfer phase (i.e., wastewater collection and reclaimed water distribution), there were tradeoffs between the impacts of decentralization of treatment plants and the benefits from economies of scale for treatment. The results showed that when the population density is high and there is moderate to high elevation variations in the water service area, decentralization of treatment facilities is the beneficiary option. However, if the population density is low, economies of scale for treatment becomes more influential and lower degrees of decentralization of treatment facilities is preferred.

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33

Dukyil, Abdulsalam Saleh. "Artificial intelligence and multiple criteria decision making approach for a cost-effective RFID-enabled tracking management system." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17128.

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The implementation of RFID technology has been subject to ever-increasing popularity in relation to the traceability of items as one of the most advance technologies. Implementing such a technology leads to an increase in the visibility management of products. Notwithstanding this, RFID communication performance is potentially greatly affected by interference between the RFID devices. It is also subject to auxiliary costs in investment that should be considered. Hence, seeking a cost-effective design with a desired communication performance for RFID-enabled systems has become a key factor in order to be competitive in today‟s markets. This study introduce a cost and performance-effective design for a proposed RFID-enabled passport tracking system through the development of a multi-objective model that takes in account economic, operation and social criteria. The developed model is aimed at solving the design problem by (i) allocating the optimal numbers of related facilities that should be established and (ii) obtaining trade-offs among three objectives: minimising implementation and operational costs; minimising RFID reader interference; and maximising the social impact measured in the number of created jobs. To come closer to the actual design in terms of considering the uncertain parameters, a fuzzy multi-objective model was developed. To solve the multi-objective optimization problem model, two solution methods were used respectively (epsilon constrain and linear programming) to select the best Pareto solution and a decision-making method was developed to select the final trade-off solution. Moreover, this research aims to provide a user-friendly decision making tool for selecting the best vendor from a group which submitted their tenders for implementing a proposed RFID- based passport tracking system. In addition to that a real case study was applied to examine the applicability of the developed model and the proposed solution methods. The research findings indicate that the developed model is capable of presenting a design for an RFID- enabled passport tracking system. Also, the developed decision-making tool can easily be used to solve similar vendor selection problem. Research findings demonstrate that the proposed RFID-enabled monitoring system for the passport tracking system is economically feasible. The study concludes that the developed mathematical models and optimization approaches can be a useful decision-maker for tackling a number of design and optimization problems for RFID system using artificial intelligence mathematical algorithm based techniques.

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34

Ekstedt, Mathias. "Enterprise architecture for IT management : a CIO decision making perspective on the electrical power industry." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36.

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Within the electric power industry, the average company's enterprise system - i.e. the overall system of IT related entities - is today highly complex. Technically, large organizations posses hundreds or thousands of extensively interconnected and heterogeneous single IT systems performing tasks that varies from enterprise resource planning to real-time control and monitoring of industrial processes. Moreover are these systems storing a wide variety of sometimes redundant data, and typically they are deployed on several different platforms. IT does, however, not execute in splendid isolation. Organizationally, the enterprise system embraces business processes and business units using as well as maintaining and acquiring the IT systems. The interplay between the organization and the IT systems are further determined by for instance business goals, ownership and governance structures, strategies, individual system users, documentation, and cost.

Lately, Enterprise Architecture (EA) has evolved with the mission to take a holistic approach to managing the above depicted enterprise system. The discipline's presumption is that architectural models are the key to succeed in understanding and administrating enterprise systems. Compared to many other engineering disciplines, EA is quite immature in many respects. This thesis identifies and elaborates on some important aspects that to date have been overlooked to a large extent. Firstly, the lack of explicit purpose for architectural models is identified. The thesis argues that the concerns of a company's Chief Information Officer (CIO) should guide the rationale behind the development of EA models. In particular, distribution of IT related information and knowledge throughout the organization is emphasized as an important concern uncared for. Secondly, the lack of architectural theory is recognized. The thesis provides examples of how theory, or analysis procedures, could be incorporated into the Enterprise Architecture approach and hereby concretely drive the development of the architectural models. Due to the nature of enterprise systems, EA theories inevitable will be of an indicative character. Finally, in relation to the models as such, three aspects are highlighted. Firstly, the cost of collecting information from the organization to populate models is routinely neglected by the EA community. This expense should be evaluated in relation to the utility of analyses that the information can provide in terms of better informed decision making by the CIO. Secondly, models (and meta-models) must be kept consistent. And thirdly, the design of models is restricted by the limited mental capabilities of the minds of the model users. CIO concerns must consequently be easy to extract from the Enterprise Architecture models.

Key words: Enterprise Architecture, Enterprise System, Chief Information Officer (CIO), Information Technology (IT) Management, Architectural Theory, Electric Power Industry

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35

PARK, SEUNG YIL. "A GENERALIZED INTELLIGENT PROBLEM SOLVING SYSTEM BASED ON A RELATIONAL MODEL FOR KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION (SUPPORT SYSTEMS, EXPERT, DECISION AIDS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183779.

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Over the past decade, two types of decision aids, i.e., decision support systems (DSS) and expert systems (ES), have been developed along parallel paths, showing some significant differences in their software architectures, capabilities, limitations, and other characteristics. The synergy of DSS and ES, however, has great potential for helping make possible a generalized approach to developing a decision aid that is powerful, intelligent, and friendly. This research establishes a framework for such decision aids in order to determine the elementary components and their interactions. Based on this framework, a generalized intelligent problem solving system (GIPSS) is deveolped as a decision aid generator. A relational model is designed to provide a unified logical view of each type of knowledge including factual data, modeling knowledge, and heuristic rules. In this knowledge model, a currently existing relational DBMS, with some extension, is utilized to manage each type of knowledge. For this purpose a relational resolution inference mechanism has been devised. A prototype GIPSS has been developed based on this framework. Two domain specific decision aids, COCOMO which estimates software development effort and cost, and CAPO which finds optimal process organization, have been implemented by using the GIPSS as a decision aid generator, demonstrating such features as its dynamic modeling capabilities and learning capabilities.

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36

Scott, Vera Eileen. "A health system perspective on factors influencing the use of health information for decision-making in a district health system." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4907.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
This research explores a poorly understood area of health systems: the nature of managerial decision-making in primary healthcare facilities, and the information that informs decision-making at this level. Located in the emerging field of Health Policy and System Research, this research draws on constructivist and participatory perspectives to understand the role of information and, more broadly, learning and knowledge in decisions that primary healthcare managers make, and the systemic factors influencing this. Using a multiple case study design with iterative cycles of in-depth data collection and analysis over a three year period, it examined the decision-making and information use in three cases of managerial responsibility in 17 primary healthcare facilities in a sub-district in Cape Town. The cases were: improving efficiency of service delivery, implementing programme priorities and managing leave of absence. Using multiple strategies for engaging primary healthcare facility managers, often as co-researchers of their own practice, the research sought to elicit both their explicit and tacit, experience-based knowledge on these phenomena. Key insights gained in the research are that firstly, operational health management at facility level is less linear and simple than policy-makers and planners often assume, and is, instead, characterised by considerable on-the-spot problem solving and people management to meet multiple agendas, which can be surprisingly complex. Secondly, contrary to prevailing views, managers do actively use information in decision-making, but require a wide range of information which is outside of the current, and indeed the globally-advocated, health information system (HIS). Thirdly, they not only use, but generate, information in their management routines and practices, and must learn from experience in order to adapt new interventions for successful implementation in their facilities and communities. This research thus makes explicit the value and use of informal information and knowledge in decision-making. It demonstrates, amongst others, a relationship of functional interdependence between the use of formal information in the HIS, and informal information and knowledge, suggesting that the latter has the potential to improve the use and utility of formal health information by making sense of it within the local context. Furthermore, building on the public policy literature on governance, this research develops a model to understand the multiple contextual influences on decision-making and information use, showing the central role of values and relationships across the health system. It proposes a causal mechanism for strengthening the use of information in decision-making. Finally, in giving priority to the informational needs of facility managers, this research offers a bottom-up perspective which argues for an integrated approach to health system strengthening which moves beyond atomised treatment of HIS strengthening. It suggests the need to re-think how to support facility managers by re-positioning the HIS relative to organisational learning, and leadership and management development.

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37

Wen, Shenning. "The study, design, and implementation of Data mart functions in Windows environments." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1374.

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38

Mostafa, Mahmoud Hesham Ahmad Shawky. "ISO 9001: 2015 Quality System Manual Development and Implementation for Business and Commerce with Expanded Emphasis on Risk Management." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31638.

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ISO 9001: 2015 is the latest edition of the Quality Management System from the International Standard Organization. One of the most noticeable changes about the new edition is the emphasis on risk-based thinking. This study introduces a template for developing a Quality Manual and a systematic approach to Risk Assessment using a risk-based decision-making framework embedded in the Quality Management System. An extensive discussion on decision-making, risk and opportunity analysis is provided with the aim of developing a seamless integration between QMS, risk analysis, and decision-making. This study proposes a decision-making framework that aligns ISO 9001 requirements with the decision-making process. The proposed decision-making methodology is aimed specifically at product and service selection. A case study is used to demonstrate the methodology.

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39

Bui, Diep Thi. "Improving the decision-making process for demolition waste management in urban redevelopment projects in Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122958/2/Diep%20Thi%20Bui%20Thesis.pdf.

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The management of demolition waste in urban redevelopment projects is a major challenge requiring an integrative approach. This research demonstrates that multi-criteria decision analysis can improve and enable the demolition waste management decision-making process toward more sustainable urban redevelopment in Vietnam. This work has implications in assessing and qualifying demolition waste to more effectively achieve project cost and planning objectives in Vietnam.

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40

Barton, Amy J. Gocsik. "Elements of a decision support system for chief nurse executives /." Licensed for access by UF Students, faculty, and staff (and others in a UF library), 1993. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ufl/fullcit?p9607431.

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41

Albina, Adam R. "Assessing the Impact of a Geospatial Information System for Improving Campus Emergency Decision-Making of Novice Crisis Managers." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1029.

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Анотація:

A significant increase in campus-based emergencies warrants the investigation into emergency management information systems that serve a novice crisis decision-maker. Institutions of higher education that are not large enough to have dedicated emergency management offices generally press novice decision-makers into emergency management roles. An investigation was conducted to assess the impact of an emergency management geospatial information system on the decision performance of novice crisis managers through the use of a scenario-based simulation. A mixed method sequential explanatory method was used to collect quasi-experimental data on decision time, decision accuracy and situational awareness. Qualitative analysis was conducted through interviews with participants. Statistical results indicate the decision accuracy is positively affected by the use of an emergency management geospatial information system. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is non-parametric linear programming method used to identify decision-making units in a data set that are optimal in their use of single or a set of resources (inputs) in delivering a set of expected results (outputs). DEA indicated that efficiency ratios from the geospatial information system group outperform the traditional group. Geospatial information systems hold much promise in providing systems that are easy to use, promote heightened levels of situational awareness and decision support.

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42

CHEN, XINBEI. "A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR E-BUSINESS WORLD." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1014841051.

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43

Kmon, Megan Kathleen. "Systems Thinking in the Forest Service: a Framework to Guide Practical Application for Social-Ecological Management in the Enterprise Program." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3312.

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The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Enterprise Program (EP), which provides fee-for-service consulting services to the USFS, is interested in integrating systems thinking into its service offerings. Despite there being several excellent sources on the range and diversity of systems thinking, no single framework exists that thoroughly yet concisely outlines what systems thinking is along with its deep history, theoretical tenets, and soft and hard approaches. This thesis is an attempt to create such a framework, aimed specifically at practical application in a land management agency, through literature synthesis injected with original analysis. The usefulness of the framework is then tested using three case studies within the EP and the agency as a whole. The framework highlights several important aspects of systems thinking, both generally and related specifically to social-ecological management. First, systems thinking is the transdisciplinary study of complex phenomena from a holistic, rather than reductionist, perspective. The world can be viewed as a massive set of embedded systems -- elements with relations that lead to nonlinear behavior -- making the role of the observer essential in identifying scales of interest and interactions amongst them. Second, the deep history of holistic thinking suggests that its modern scientific study could benefit from exploring the East's long-standing cultural and spiritual approaches to holism through cognitive unity and oneness with mankind and nature. Third, categorizations of systems approaches as "soft" versus "hard" are helpful but can distract us from the ultimate goal of systems thinking, which is to understand the various tools in the systems thinking toolbox so as to apply them critically and creatively to make a meaningful difference in the world. Fourth, I see the soft systems approaches as having a distinct systems thinking orientation and the hard systems approaches as overlapping substantially with operations research, the close cousin of systems thinking. Fifth, I identify a spectrum of complexity, contending that systems thinking tends to be concerned with what I call subjectively and computationally complex systems, as well as complex adaptive systems, leaving simple systems for other approaches. Finally, I contend that it is the soft systems approaches and the two theoretical pillars of hierarchy theory and cooperation theory that will aid wicked social-ecological problem solving the most. The framework is applied to three case studies. Examination of the EP reorganization using a hard systems approach revealed two critical high-level functions that were absent in the current structure, paving the way for new designs that could take those functions into account. Analysis of an initiative to increase citizen recreation on USFS lands showed that a systems approach had been improperly applied and how the application of a soft approach at the onset could have systematically framed the problem and offered unique normative insights for giving voice to relevant non-agency stakeholders as well as nature and future generations. And viewing the perennial problem of wildfire management through the lens of cooperation theory revealed how USFS leadership could take a more active role in promoting the long-term outlook, durable relationships, and reciprocal behaviors that are required for cooperative improvement to take place. As environmental narratives worsen and the need for transitioning towards sustainable ways of living heightens, systems thinking offers ever-increasing value to resource managers for its ability to deal with the many perspectives and normative content that underlie wicked problems and to help to illuminate potential consequences of system interventions given the interplay of complex structural dynamics across space and time.

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44

Hill, Justin Mitchell. "Shaping the Next Generation Air Transportation System with an Airspace Planning and Collaborative Decision Making Model." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39319.

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This dissertation contributes to the ongoing national project concerning the \emph{Next Generation Air Transportation System} (NextGen) that endeavors, in particular, to reshape the management of air traffic in the continental United States. Our work is part of this effort and mainly concerns modeling and algorithmic enhancements to the Airspace Planning and Collaborative Decision-Making Model (APCDM). First, we augment the APCDM to study an \emph{Airspace Flow Program} (AFP) in the context of weather-related disruptions. The proposed model selects among alternative flight plans for the affected flights while simultaneously (a) integrating slot-exchange mechanisms induced by multiple Ground Delay Programs (GDPs) to permit airlines to improve flight efficiencies through a mediated bartering of assigned slots, and (b) considering issues related to sector workloads, airspace conflicts, as well as overall equity concerns among the involved airlines in regard to accepted slot trades and flight plans. More specifically, the APCDM is enhanced to include the following: \begin{enumerate}[a.] \item The revised model accommodates continuing flights, where some flight cannot depart until a prerequisite flight has arrived. Such a situation arises, for example, when the same aircraft will be used for the departing flight. \item We model a slot-exchange mechanism to accommodate flights being involved in multiple trade offers, and to permit slot trades at multiple GDP airports (whence the flight connection constraints become especially relevant). We also model flight cancelations whereby, if a flight assigned to a particular slot is canceled, the corresponding vacated slot would be made available for use in the slot-exchange process. \item Alternative equity concepts are presented, which more accurately reflect the measures used by the airlines. \item A reduced variant of the APCDM, referred to as \textbf{APCDM-Light}, is also developed. This model serves as a fast-running version of APCDM to be used for quick-turn analyses, where the level of modeling detail, as well as data requirements, are reduced to focus only on certain key elements of the problem. \item As an alternative for handling large-scale instances of APCDM more effectively, we present a \emph{sequential variable fixing heuristic} (SFH). The list of flights is first partitioned into suitable subsets. For the first subset, the corresponding decision variables are constrained to be binary-valued (which is the default for these decision variables), while the other variables are allowed to vary continuously between 0 and 1. If the resulting solution to this relaxed model is integral, the algorithm terminates. Otherwise, the binary variables are fixed to their currently prescribed values and another subset of variables is designated to be binary constrained. The process repeats until an integer solution is found or the heuristic encounters infeasibility. \item We experiment with using the APCDM model in a \emph{dynamic, rolling-horizon framework}, where we apply the model on some periodic basis (e.g., hourly), and where each sequential run of the model has certain flight plan selections that are fixed (such as flights that are already airborne), while we consider the selection among alternative flight plans for other imminent flights in a look-ahead horizon (e.g., two hours). \end{enumerate} These enhancements allow us to significantly expand the functionality of the original APCDM model. We test the revised model and its variants using realistic data derived from the \emph{Enhanced Traffic Management System} (ETMS) provided by the \emph{Federal Aviation Administration} (FAA). One of the new equity methods, which is based on average delay per passenger (or weighted average delay per flight), turns out to be a particularly robust way to model equity considerations in conjunction with sector workloads, conflict resolution, and slot-exchanges. With this equity method, we were able to solve large problem instances (1,000 flights) within 30 seconds on average using a 1\% optimality tolerance. The model also produced comparable solutions within about 20 seconds on average using the Sequential Fixing Heuristic (SFH). The actual solutions obtained for these largest problem instances were well within 1\% of the best known solution. Furthermore, our computations revealed that APCDM-Light can be readily optimized to a 0.01\% tolerance within about 5 seconds on average for the 1,000 flight problems. Thus, the augmented APCDM model offers a viable tool that can be used for tactical air traffic management purposes as an airspace flow program (particularly, APCDM-Light), as well as for strategic applications to study the impact of different types of trade restrictions, collaboration policies, equity concepts, and airspace sectorizations. The modeling of slot ownership in the APCDM motivates another problem: that of generating detoured flight plans that must arrive at a particular slot time under severe convective weather conditions. This leads to a particular class of network flow problems that seeks a shortest path, if it exists, between a source node and a destination node in a connected digraph $G(N,A)$, such that we arrive at the destination at a specified time while leaving the source no earlier than a lower bounding time, and where the availability of each network link is time-dependent in the sense that it can be traversed only during specified intervals of time. We refer to this problem as the \emph{reverse time-restricted shortest path problem} (RTSP). We show that RTSP is NP-hard in general and propose a dynamic programming algorithm for finding an optimal solution in pseudo-polynomial time. Moreover, under a special regularity condition, we prove that the problem is polynomially solvable with a complexity of order $O(|N||A|)$. Computational results using real flight generation test cases as well as random simulated problems are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution procedures. The current airspace configuration consists of sectors that have evolved over time based on historical traffic flow patterns. \citet{kopardekar_dyn_resect_2007} note that, given the current airspace configuration, some air traffic controller resources are likely under-utilized, and they also point out that the current configuration limits flexibility. Moreover, under the free-flight concept, which advocates a relaxation of waypoint traversals in favor of wind-optimized trajectories, the current airspace configuration will not likely be compatible with future air traffic flow patterns. Accordingly, one of the goals for the \emph{NextGen Air Transportation System} includes redesigning the airspace to increase its capacity and flexibility. With this motivation, we present several methods for defining sectors within the \emph{National Airspace System} (NAS) based on a measure of sector workload. Specifically, given a convex polygon in two-dimensions and a set of weighted grid points within the region encompassed by the polygon, we present several mixed-integer-programming-based algorithms to generate a plane (or line) bisecting the region such that the total weight distribution on either side of the plane is relatively balanced. This process generates two new polygons, which are in turn bisected until some target number of regions is reached. The motivation for these algorithms is to dynamically reconfigure airspace sectors to balance predicted air-traffic controller workload. We frame the problem in the context of airspace design, and then present and compare four algorithmic variants for solving these problems. We also discuss how to accommodate monitoring, conflict resolution, and inter-sector coordination workloads to appropriately define grid point weights and to conduct the partitioning process in this context. The proposed methodology is illustrated using a basic example to assess the overall effect of each algorithm and to provide insights into their relative computational efficiency and the quality of solutions produced. A particular competitive algorithmic variant is then used to configure a region of airspace over the U.S. using realistic flight data. The development of the APCDM is part of an ongoing \emph{NextGen} research project, which envisages the sequential use of a variety of models pertaining to three tiers. The \emph{Tier 1} models are conceived to be more strategic in scope and attempt to identify potential problematic areas, e.g., areas of congestion resulting from a severe convective weather system over a given time-frame, and provide aggregate measures of sector workloads and delays. The affected flow constrained areas (FCAs) highlighted by the results from these \emph{Tier 1} models would then be analyzed by more detailed \emph{Tier 2} models, such as APCDM, which consider more specific alternative flight plan trajectories through the different sectors along with related sector workload, aircraft conflict, and airline equity issues. Finally, \emph{Tier 3} models are being developed to dynamically examine smaller-scaled, localized fast-response readjustments in air traffic flows within the time-frame of about an hour prior to departure (e.g., to take advantage of a break in the convective weather system). The APCDM is flexible, and perhaps unique, in that it can be used effectively in all three tiers. Moreover, as a strategic tool, analysts could use the APCDM to evaluate the suitability of potential airspace sectorization strategies, for example, as well as identify potential capacity shortfalls under any given sector configuration.
Ph. D.

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45

Kelly, William. "Decentralization of educational decision-making in the Newfoundland and Labrador education system reform process : illusion or reality /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0007/MQ36143.pdf.

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Quinones, Maria Cecilia. "Decision support system for building construction product selection using life-cycle management (lcm)." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41123.

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As the green movement begins to sweep through the construction industry, decision-makers are beginning to include a sustainable aspect to their purchase decisions. Selecting a product solely based on its sustainability, however, is not enough to drive product selection in the construction industry. Cost still dominates the selection of building products. The level of sustainability of a product and its cost are not interconnected as market prices do not reflect the cost of environmental impacts, such as the cost of global warming or fossil fuel depletion. Having two distinct aspects to consider adds complexity in the product selection process. Typically, it constrains decision-makers to perform a trade-off analysis that does not necessarily guarantee the most environmentally preferable purchase decision. This study proposes a life-cycle management (LCM) system that reinforces the choices made by decision-makers by providing a scientific justification for those decisions. The proposed system analyses the environmental and economic performance of building product through life-cycle analysis and purchase price analysis. It operates on tools publicly available in the market and state-of-the-art analysis, assessment, and interpretation methods. The LCM system combines two distinct product attributes into a single performance score that can be easily interpreted. It allows decision-makers to compare product scores and ultimately make the most environmentally responsible and financially viable selection. A comprehensive approach is used to refine and test the LCM system using case studies comprised of an environmental and economic performance evaluation of flooring products. The contribution of this research includes the consideration of a holistic approach to product selection based on environmental and cost performance. Pre-construction estimators and construction managers could improve their estimating and product selection practices using the proposed system. Material suppliers can also benefit from this approach, as they can use it to enhance their pricing strategies, marketing plans, and overall product competitiveness.

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Shi, Zhenzhen. "A MARKOV DECISION PROCESS EMBEDDED WITH PREDICTIVE MODELING: A MODELING APPROACH FROM SYSTEM DYNAMICS MATHEMATICAL MODELS, AGENT-BASED MODELS TO A CLINICAL DECISION MAKING." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20578.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
David H. Ben-Arieh
Chih-Hang Wu
Patients who suffer from sepsis or septic shock are of great concern in the healthcare system. Recent data indicate that more than 900,000 severe sepsis or septic shock cases developed in the United States with mortality rates between 20% and 80%. In the United States alone, almost $17 billion is spent each year for the treatment of patients with sepsis. Clinical trials of treatments for sepsis have been extensively studied in the last 30 years, but there is no general agreement of the effectiveness of the proposed treatments for sepsis. Therefore, it is necessary to find accurate and effective tools that can help physicians predict the progression of disease in a patient-specific way, and then provide physicians recommendation on the treatment of sepsis to lower risk for patients dying from sepsis. The goal of this research is to develop a risk assessment tool and a risk management tool for sepsis. In order to achieve this goal, two system dynamic mathematical models (SDMMs) are initially developed to predict dynamic patterns of sepsis progression in innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The two SDMMs are able to identify key indicators and key processes of inflammatory responses to an infection, and a sepsis progression. Second, an integrated-mathematical-multi-agent-based model (IMMABM) is developed to capture the stochastic nature embedded in the development of inflammatory responses to a sepsis. Unlike existing agent-based models, this agent-based model is enhanced by incorporating developed SDMMs and extensive experimental data. With the risk assessment tools, a Markov decision process (MDP) is proposed, as a risk management tool, to apply to clinical decision-makings on sepsis. With extensive computational studies, the major contributions of this research are to firstly develop risk assessment tools to identify the risk of sepsis development during the immune system responding to an infection, and secondly propose a decision-making framework to manage the risk of infected individuals dying from sepsis. The methodology and modeling framework used in this dissertation can be expanded to other disease situations and treatment applications, and have a broad impact to the research area related to computational modeling, biology, medical decision-making, and industrial engineering.

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48

Heminger, Alan Ray. "Assessment of a group decision support system in a field setting." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184613.

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There has been increasing research interest in recent years in using the power of computers to support group work. There have been two main areas of research: experimental research into GDSS supported group work in laboratory settings, and research designed to develop GDSSs which are effective, efficient and acceptable to their users. However, there have been some contradictory findings from these two areas of research. The developmental effort has shown great promise in relatively controlled developmental settings. At the same time, experimental research has indicated that GDSSs may not provide the hoped for increases in effectiveness and efficiency while being accepted by their users. This study has attempted to clarify this situation by using a field study to assess the implementation of a GDSS in an operational environment. The setting for this study was a large engineering and manufacturing site of a large electronics company. A GDSS which had been developed at the University of Arizona was installed at the host company's site, and it was assessed for the first nine months of its use. Results indicate that the system was perceived to be effective, efficient and acceptable for use by its intended users.

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Lau, Shiu-kwong, and 劉少光. "Assistant principals and administrative committee system: decision making in Hong Kong aided secondary schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956488.

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50

Brassington, Frances. "Training and support for marketing decision making in retailing : The development of a retail market simulation for use as a training aid and an associated decision support system." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233653.

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