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Ковалюмнус, Е. Л., та E. L. Kovalyumnus. "Правовий механізм захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів в Україні". Thesis, КНУ ім. Т. Г. Шевченка, 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/15694.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню правового механізму захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів в Україні. У роботі розкривається поняття та зміст трудових і соціальних прав суддів, а також сутність, соціально-правове значення та структура правового механізму захисту цих прав суддів. У рамках розкриття змісту досліджуваного правового механізму особлива увага приділяється нормативній основі цього механізму, системі суб’єктів захисту прав суддів, а також формам (враховуючи способи і засоби) і методам захисту правового механізму захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів. Узагальнено основні актуальні проблеми захисту трудових і соціальних прав суддів в Україні, а також сформульовано конкретні пропозиції й рекомендації щодо удосконалення правового регулювання захисту трудових і соціальних прав суддів, зокрема: ратифікація Конвенції Міжнародної організації праці № 151 1978 року та прийняття Закону України «Про захист права на організацію державних службовців», що передбачатиме внесення змін до законодавства про поширення на суддів права на створення профспілки, вступу до неї та виходу з неї; внесення змін до Закону України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів» у частині окреслення переліку трудових і соціальних прав суддів, особливостей, форм і суб’єктів захисту цих прав. В диссертации впервые комплексно раскрыта сущность правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине, а также проблематика его функционирования, в результате чего сформулированы конкретные предложения по его оптимизации, которые предложено учесть в рамках предстоящей судебно-правовой реформы. Обосновывается, что правовой механизм защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине представляет собой нормативно определённый, основанный на идее социального государства целостный юридический конструкт, охватывающий правовые средства и способы, посредством которых прямо или косвенно реализовывается защитная функция государства относительно защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. В соответствующем контексте указывается, что данный механизм имеет особое социально-правовое значение, формируя условия надлежащего обеспечения социальной безопасности судей и в обществе в целом, а также способствуя развитию государства в качестве правового и демократического, делая возможной реализацию евроинтеграционных стремлений Украины.
Доказывается, что исследуемый правовой механизм своей структурой охватывает: нормы национального законодательства и международно-правовых актов по защите трудовых и социальных прав человека в целом и судей в частности; общеправовые и специальные правовые принципы защиты прав судей; субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, условно разделённых на соответствующих субъектов международного и национального уровня; формы и методы защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. При этом обращается внимание на то, что структуру системы субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей можно условно разделить на такие две группы: субъекты международно-правового уровня защиты (международный судебный орган, международные неправительственные организации, осуществляющие защиту трудовых и социальных прав судей); субъекты национального правового уровня защиты (административные суды, органы судейского самоуправления, органы судейского управления, ассоциации судей). На основе критического анализа правозащитного потенциала соответствующих субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, особенностей форм (способов и средств) защиты утверждается, что наиболее эффективным образом судья может защитить права в судебном порядке, который непосредственно зависит от уровня обеспечения государством достойного труда и социальной безопасности судей.
Обосновывается позиция, в соответствии с которой на сегодняшний день основными проблемами защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей являются следующие: общее снижение уровня социальной безопасности в государстве; десоциализация сферы труда профессиональных публичных служащих в целом и судей в частности; недостаточное качество правового регулирования функционирования правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей; недостаточная эффективность защитного влияния субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей; частое осуществление в Украине судебно-правовых реформ, не учитывающих потребностей комплексной оптимизации защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. Для решения вышеизложенных проблем предложено: создать и утвердить концепцию по совершенствованию правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, которая должна быть учтена при проведении очередной судебно-правовой реформы в Украине; привести национальное законодательство в соответствие с международно-правовыми актами, касающимися защиты трудовых и социальных прав работников, в частности госслужащих; принять Закон Украины «О внесении изменений в Закон Украины «О судоустройстве и статусе судей» относительно защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей»; устранить институциональные барьеры, препятствующие эффективной защите трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине; усилить правозащитные возможности отдельных субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, а именно Совета судей Украины и ассоциаций судей.
The dissertation is devoted to the research of the legal mechanism of protection of labor and social rights of judges in Ukraine. The paper reveals the concept and content of labor and social rights of judges, as well as the essence, socio-legal significance and structure of the legal mechanism for the protection of these rights of judges. As part of the disclosure of the content of the studied legal mechanism, special attention is paid to the normative basis of this mechanism, the system of subjects of protection of judges' rights, as well as forms (including methods) and methods of protection of legal mechanism of labor and social rights of judges. The main current issues of protection of labor and social rights of judges in Ukraine are summarized, as well as specific proposals and recommendations for improving the legal regulation of protection of labor and social rights of judges, in particular: ratification of the ILO Convention 1978 151 and development and adoption of the draft Law " On protection of the right to organize civil servants ”, which will provide for amendments to the legislation on extending to judges the right to form, join and leave a trade union; amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges" in terms of outlining the list of labor and social rights of judges, features, forms and subjects of protection of these rights.
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Карпушова, О. В. "Проблеми правового регулювання праці суддів в умовах євроінтеграції України". Thesis, КНУ ім. Т. Г. Шевченка, 2020. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/14013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертацію присвячено визначенню та вирішенню проблемних аспектів правового регулювання праці суддів у межах поглибленої євроінтеграції України. Надано комплексну соціально-правову характеристику праці суддів, а саме розкрито соціальне значення праці суддів, визначено критерії та ознаки якісної роботи суддів, що засвідчують її належний соціальний вплив. Встановлено актуальні перешкоди ефективній роботі суддів в Україні, а також стан виконання державою євроінтеграційних завдань відносно поліпшення функціонування судів та суддів. Окреслено комплекс теоретичних і практичних проблем, які перешкоджають забезпеченню трудових прав суддів в Україні, впровадженню в систему правосуддя стандартів гідної праці на всіх етапах існування трудових правовідносин із цією категорією працівників: під час виникнення трудових відносин із кандидатами на посаду судді, у процесі перебігу та припинення трудових відносин із суддями. На підставі аналізу судової практики щодо захисту трудових прав суддів в Україні на кожному з означених етапів встановлено реальні проблеми, з якими стикаються судді на практиці під час реалізації свого права на працю, а також визначено роль судового захисту прав суддів у нашій державі. Виявлено особливості правового регулювання виникнення, перебігу та припинення трудових правовідносин за участю суддів в окремих державахчленах ЄС. Враховуючи проаналізований зарубіжний досвід, сформульовано конкретні пропозиції щодо вдосконалення національного законодавства у досліджуваній сфері. The dissertation is devoted to the search and solution of problematic aspects of legal regulation of judges' work within the framework of deep European integration of Ukraine. The study provides complex socio-legal characteristics of the work of judges. It defines the social significance of the work of judges, determinates the criteria and signs of quality work of judges, which confirm its proper social impact. A complex of theoretical and practical problems that hinder the provision of labor rights of judges in Ukraine and interfere the implementation of decent work standards in the justice system is described. The analysis of problems is made at all stages of the existence of labor legal relations with this category of workers: in the beginning of labor relations with candidates for the position of a judge, in the process and termination of employment with judges. Based on the analysis of judicial practice on the protection of labor rights of judges in Ukraine at each of these stages identified real problems faced by judges in practice during the realization of their right to work. The role of judicial protection of the rights of judges in state is also defined. Peculiarities of legal regulation of the emergence, course, and termination of employmentwith judges in some EU member states areinvestigated. Considering the analyzed foreign experience, specific proposals for improving national legislation in the study area are formulated.
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Malan, Danielle. "From Decent Work to Decent Lives: An Empirical Test of the Outcomes of Decent Work in the Psychology of Working Theory." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31416.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The psychology of working theory (PWT) postulates that certain contextual and structural factors determine if individuals are able to obtain decent work, and that decent work, in turn, leads to work fulfilment and general well-being. The theory assumes that this is the case, as decent work satisfies three fundamental human needs: survival and power, social connection, and self-determination (as per the self-determination theory [SDT]). Only recently has a measure been developed to assess the satisfaction of these needs (Autin et al., under review), which means that the proposed role of need satisfaction as mediator in the link between decent work and work fulfilment/general well-being has not yet been tested empirically. This formed the objective of this study. The study employed a descriptive research design with a correlational approach. Working individuals residing in South Africa’s Western Cape province (N = 150) rated their work experiences on the decent work scale (DWS), work need satisfaction scale (WNSS), index of job satisfaction (IoJS) scale, and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). In this sample, adequate healthcare did not fall within the decent work concept. This might be because it is common for working South Africans, especially in lower income brackets, not to receive healthcare benefits, which would thus not be expected. The autonomy and relationship aspects of the SDT self-determination need formed one instead of two separate components. This may be a reflection of low levels of trust in low-income workers, which means that autonomy is only provided if there is a positive relationship. Decent work predicted work fulfilment and individuals’ well-being and, as expected, this relationship was mediated by the fulfilment of the hypothesised needs (survival and power, social connection, SDT relationship + autonomy, and SDT competence). The study thus indicates the applicability of the PWT in the South African context. Organisations should thus be encouraged to provide employees with decent work, as this, in turn, will likely increase employees’ work fulfilment and general wellbeing.
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Marques, Ana Isabel dos Santos. "Decent work clues in knowledge work job advertisements." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21932.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O conceito de Decent Work, proposto pela International Labour Organization, recebe a contribuição de várias disciplinas, como a psicologia, para a sua definição, aprofundamento e aplicabilidade. O objetivo deste estudo é a descrição e caracterização de indícios de Decent Work em anúncios de empregos para trabalhadores do conhecimento. A amostra é composta por 1000 anúncios de emprego. Os principais resultados demonstram que embora alguns Elementos Substantivos de Decent Work estejam geralmente presentes nos anúncios de emprego outros estão ausentes. Os três Elementos Substantivos totalmente ausentes são: “Safe Work”, “Work that should be abolished” e “Social and Economic Context”. Este estudo realça a importância da informação e transparência para uma futura relação de maturidade e confiança entre empregador e empregado. Realça ainda a importância de um compromisso aberto dos empregadores relativamente à oferta de trabalho que possa ser adjetivado como Decent Work. Muito se evidenciou estar por fazer a respeito disso; Abstract:
The concept of Decent Work, proposed by the International Labour Organization, receives the contribution of several fields, such as psychology, for its definition, deepening and applicability. The purpose of this study is to describe and characterize Decent Work clues in job advertisements for knowledge workers. The sample consists in 1000 jobs. The main results demonstrate that although some Decent Work Substantive Elements are usually present in job advertisements, others are absent. The three totally missing Substantive Elements are: "Safe Work", "Work that should be abolished" and "Social and Economic Context". This study highlights the importance of information and transparency for a future relationship of maturity and trust between employer and employee. It also stresses the importance of an open commitment of employers on the job offer that can be termed Decent Work. Evidences suggest that much remains to be done.
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Baylos, Grau Antonio. "On Decent Work: The Concept Formation." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article develops the historical process of the formation of the concept of decent work, its basic guidelines and as its content has been altered by the increasing globalization of the market and the globalization of labor rights. Finally, after analyzing the notion of decent work from different perspectives, the author focus on the cumulative perspective and develop its content.El presente artículo desarrolla el procedimiento histórico de la formación del concepto de trabajo decente, sus lineamientos básicos y como su contenido se ha ido alterando por la creciente globalización del mercado y la universalización de los derechos laborales. Finalmente, después de haber analizado la noción de trabajo decente desde diferentes perspectivas, el autor se centrara en la perspectiva cumulativa y desarrollará su contenido.
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BRANCO, URSULA NASCIMENTO DA ROCHA. "NEW BUSINESS PROCESSES MANAGEMENTS: DECENT WORK OR PRECARIOUS WORK?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23251@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta dissertação trata sobre as modificações que o trabalho vem sofrendo a partir do processo de reestruturação produtiva praticado no Brasil desde a década de 1990, visando compreender melhor as alterações em curso, especialmente no que se refere às novas gestões empresariais baseadas em processos. Neste sentido, buscou conhecer a gestão por processos e sua relação com a organização do trabalho, tomando como exemplo uma empresa do setor elétrico brasileiro. Ressalta-se que tal modelo de gestão teve início, no setor, em 2012, com a reorganização da estrutura empresarial, desde a área de negócios até a gestão de recursos humanos. A pesquisa buscou analisar, também, a chamada reestatização do setor elétrico, associada a um movimento de aceleração do crescimento incrementada por exigências de competências e adventos tecnológicos, dada a sua posição estratégica para a economia e o acesso à energia pelos brasileiros. Da mesma forma, objetivou investigar a mobilidade gerada pelo modelo de gestão de processos, imposta aos trabalhadores, enquanto possibilidade de trabalho precário ou trabalho decente. A abordagem teórico-metodológica adotada pautou-se no conceito de trabalho decente como o direito a ter trabalho e de mantê-lo com dignidade e proteção social, tomando-se o trabalho precário como contraposição ao trabalho decente, isto é, como aquele que promove a redução ou suspensão dos direitos. Para tanto, foram realizados contatos com os gestores e com os trabalhadores da empresa estudada, de forma a se compreender a possibilidade de existência do trabalho decente em meio a uma mudança nos padrões de produção e organização do trabalho, onde a palavra de ordem é otimização, uma vez que a implementação da gestão por processos significa a possibilidade de tornar a empresa mais competitiva no mercado, através da otimização de custos e consequente aumento da eficiência na produção de energia elétrica. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que a empresa vem operando profundas modificações para atender às exigências do mercado, de forma ágil. Com isso, verificou-se uma diminuição considerável de gastos, principalmente na área de pessoal, com promoção de cortes no orçamento, desenvolvendo, dessa forma, um plano de incentivo à demissão de funcionários terceirizados, o que torna o trabalho decente uma possibilidade ainda distante de se realizar.
This dissertation discusses the changes that work has suffered since the restructuring process practiced in Brazil since the 1990s, intending to understand better the transformations underway, especially those which are related to new corporate managements based processes. The research sought to understand business process management and its relation to the organization of work, through the case study of a Brazilian public electrical company. It is worth emphasizing that this management model started in this sector in 2012 with the reorganization of the company structure, from the business departments to human resource management. The research also sought to analyze the so-called renationalization of the electricity sector associated with accelerating growth by increased demands for skills and technological advances, due to the strategic position of the economy and the access to energy for Brazilians. Equally, we aimed to investigate the mobility generated by this business process management model, imposed on work, and on those who only need their work to survive, through precarious or decent work. The methodological approach adopted was based on the concept of decent work as the right to work with dignity and social protection, seeing precarious work as the opposite of decent work, in other words, as one that promotes the reduction or suspension of rights. With this objective contacts were made with the managers and workers of the company studied in order to understand the possible existence of decent work during the changes in patterns of production and organization of work, where the buzzword is optimization, as the implementation of process management means the ability to make the company more competitive in the market, by optimizing costs and consequently increasing efficiency in electricity production. The research results indicated that the company carries out profound transformations in order to attend to market requirements in an agile way. With this, a considerable decrease in spending mainly in personnel was clear, with promotion of spending cuts, developing, a plan which incentivized the redundancy of outsourced workers, making decent work a distant dream to be achieved.
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Vollenhoven, Tarquin. "Domestic Work as Decent Work: An Empirical Test of the Predictors of Decent Work To Extend the Psychology of Working Theory." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) focuses specifically on the work-based experiences of low-income workers. It is thus a suitable theoretical framework to predict and explain the work experiences of individuals performing domestic work, one of the largest work sectors in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the theoretically derived predictors of decent work, in the PWT, could be empirically supported. Domestic workers, in Cape Town and Johannesburg, participated in a self-report survey (N = 139), which consisted of several measures. These participants were accessed through a variety of convenience and snowball sampling techniques. As expected, exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scales used to measure marginalisation, economic constraints, work volition and proactive personality were one-dimensional, and the decent work scale was fivedimensional (complementary values, access to health care, adequate compensation, free time and rest, and safe work conditions). Unexpectedly, the social support scale showed two dimensions (i.e. support from the community or friends and support from a special person or family). The findings supported the proposition that greater economic constraints were related to less decent work experiences, but marginalisation experiences were not related to the degree to which work was seen as decent, nor to work volition (mediator variable). The non-significant relationship between marginalisation, work volition and decent work changed when considering proactiveness as a moderator, however, this was only at low levels of proactiveness. None of the dimensions of social support served as moderators, though social support from the community or friends predicted work volition, and social support from a special person or family predicted the degree to which domestic workers experienced their work as decent. While there were mixed results, the findings of this study suggest that the PWT's antecedents and moderators may work differently in the domestic work sector. Future research should investigate this in the domestic work sector and other low-income samples.
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Bettonville, Brian Peter. "THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WORKING THEORY: PREDICTING DECENT WORK EXPERIENCES." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT; Duffy, Blustein, Diemer, & Autin, 2016) was recently proposed as an empirically testable approach to understanding the work processes of those for whom work decisions are influenced by contextual factors and who engage in work for reasons other than satisfaction. In the present study of 285 adults, I investigated the relationships between marginalization, economic resources, work volition, career adaptability, and decent work. I found that work volition, career adaptability, and economic resources all uniquely predicted decent work. I also found that greater economic resources and lower marginalization predicted greater work volition. Economic resources and marginalization have a significant negative correlation, and work volition significantly predicted career adaptability. I failed to support the hypotheses that greater marginalization would predict lower decent work experiences when accounting for other variables and that greater economic resources and lower marginalization would predict greater career adaptability. I identified two alternative models for the data. A model with only work volition and career adaptability predicting decent work provided an adequate fit. A model with only work volition predicting career adaptability provided mixed results. This study provides empirical support for the initial propositions of the PWT, provides further evidence for the importance of contextual variables in work experiences, and identifies several key factors that lead individuals to attain a decent work experience.
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Ndung'u, Agnes. "The concept of decent work in a South African context." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Work is a key component of people's lives and most people aspire to have work that is sufficient to provide a living wage so as to lift them out of poverty and social exclusion and also that is secure enough to guarantee a decent livelihood. The Decent Work Agenda has gained much popularity in recent years and proposes an approach to development that emphasizes fair and sustainable working opportunities that include principles of rights at work, social protection and social dialogue. Various issues have been raised in this study. Firstly, the decent work concept needs to be understood comprehensively as there is misconception about what the concept implies and what it can achieve. Secondly, it is acknowledged that there are huge decent work deficits in South Africa especially in the informal sector which impede on the advancement of people‟s conditions of living, cause people to live lives of poverty as well as deprive people of a life of dignity. This is despite decent work having a solid basis in labour legislation and also South Africa being bound by international law and principles concerning decent work. The study observes that reform in labour legislation is recommended to help overcome the decent work deficits. The ILO has proposed the Decent Work Country Programmes to help countries align their economic development goals with the international goal of the achievement of Decent Work for all. South Africa also has its own solutions such as the New Growth Path as well as other policies. The main issue however is how these policies can be implemented effectively and how decent work can be achieved against a backdrop of the socio – economic challenges that South Africa faces.
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Kissi, Evans Appiah [Verfasser]. "Governance for decent work in agricultural globalisation / Evans Appiah Kissi." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241687080/34.
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Meerkins, Tera M. "Where work works: The role of community context in decent work and life satisfaction." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis advisor: David L. BlusteinThe U.S. has witnessed growing inequality, decreasing wages, and increasing instability in work over the past several decades (Krugman, 2012; Stiglitz, 2015). Moreover, evidence demonstrating work’s impact on well-being is expansive, as is its role in upward mobility and maintaining systemic oppression (Blustein, 2006; 2008; Swanson, 2012). Despite this breadth of research, studies rarely attend to community factors that shape opportunity for accessing work. As such, the present study sought to better understand relationships among individuals’ economic resources and work-related psychological constructs, in conjunction with community economic conditions and access to decent work. The present study utilized latent structural equation modeling to test several hypothesized tenets of the Psychology of Working Theory (Duffy et al., 2016) involving the latent constructs of social class, work volition, decent work and life satisfaction, in a sample of 816 working adults. Modeling contained both a composite decent work (DW) factor and its five discrete components of DW: safe working conditions, adequate compensation, access to healthcare, adequate rest and free time, and a match of organizational and social/family values (Duffy et al., 2017). Moderation analyses relied on matching individual participant data to their county-specific opportunity data, such as poverty, unemployment, and Preschool enrollment rates. Results indicated that social class indirectly predicted DW through work volition and that DW subsequently predicted life satisfaction. When examining distinct DW components in tandem with a global construct, social class predicted the healthcare and rest/time off components of DW, which further attests to the unique variance in these components. Findings underscore the powerful role economic resources play in securing DW and shaping people’s work conditions, in addition to the clear impact of DW on overall well-being. Analyses did not yield significant moderation effects for economic conditions and community opportunity in hypothesized pathways. Implications for research, practice and policy, as well as study limitations are presented
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology
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Khembo, Loness. "Decent work in Malawi: social security; extension of social insurance to all workers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15174.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The only way Malawi can ensure adequate social security coverage to her citizens is to extend the scope and coverage of social security benefits provided by the labour legislations to all workers as they are more reliable and less burdensome on the poor state. This is premised on the fact that most Malawians work, but only a few are employees as shall be seen later in this chapter. This will reduce the burden on the state of providing social security to all her citizens as most will be covered by social insurance. It is against this background that this study analyses the Malawian pieces of legislation on social security with the aim of identifying the gaps that are affecting social security coverage to Malawian workers. In doing so, these legislations will be examined against the relevant international conventions specifically the ILO C 102 and the SADC Code. The study will also focus on how best to improve social security benefits coverage in Malawi and making it more relevant to Malawians.
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Khan, A. (Asadullah). "Improving Performance of Construction Projects in the UAE:multi cultural and decent work perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This thesis investigated the national culture of the construction labourers in a migrant country and empirically found the impact of cultural behavior on the performance of construction projects and labourers while practicing the decent work indicators. The study culminates by helping to form a migration policy by both the sending and the receiving countries of migrants that would economically and socially benefit both the migrant labourer and his family at the individual level. This thesis therefore helps by adding to the theoretical knowledge and also in the successful completion of projects and successful temporary migration. The research involved multi-research methods, starting with the narratives of the construction labourers. The research methodology was further augmented through a case study approach with the participant observation method. The data were coded according to grounded theory into national cultural dimensions. Re-confirmation and cross-checking interviews were also conducted to confirm the correctness of the coding. The qualitative data collected were quantified to give meaning to the data collection through triangulation in data analysis. After introducing national cultures in the construction projects of the UAE, the national culture of the construction labourers within Geert Hofstede’s framework was identified, while observing the decent work practices indicators. This was achieved through narratives, observations and semi-structured interviews. The thesis investigates decent work practices indicators specific to the culture of migrant construction labourers from Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Chinese labourers in the UAE. The thesis reveals that the national culture of the migrant construction labourers in the UAE is not the same as that identified by Hofstede some four decades ago. Indian construction labourers revealed high Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), Pakistani labourers showed high Masculinity (MAS), Bangladeshi labourers revealed low Long Term Orientation (LTO) and Individualism (IND) and Chinese construction labourers showed high IND and LTO. The study suggests that the management of cultural differences could help the successful completion of projects, which could be beneficial for both the migrant sending country and the host country and also for the individual migrant and his family. The study further investigated the difference in decent work practices in the UAE and the national culture (as seen in cultural behavior) of the migrant construction labourers in the UAE. Studying this difference in practice and learning about the cultural behavior of the construction labourers has economic and social implications for construction labourers, migrant receiving and sending countriesTiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkittiin toiseen maahan muuttaneiden rakennustyöntekijöiden kansallista kulttuuria ja todettiin empiirisiä tutkimusmenetelmiä käyttäen, kuinka kulttuurinen käyttäytyminen vaikuttaa rakennushankkeiden toteuttamiseen ja työntekijöiden työsuoritukseen, kun sovelletaan ihmisarvoisen työn indikaattoreita. Maahanmuuttajien lähtö- ja tulomaa voivat käyttää tämän tutkimuksen tuloksia apuna laatiessaan maahanmuuttopolitiikkaa, joka hyödyttäisi taloudellisesti ja yhteiskunnallisesti siirtotyöläistä ja tämän perhettä. Tämä väitöskirja auttaa toisin sanoen lisäämään teoreettista tietämystä ja sujuvaa tilapäistä maahanmuuttoa sekä saattamaan hankkeet onnistuneesti päätökseen. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin useita eri tutkimusmenetelmiä, ja lähtökohtana olivat rakennustyöntekijöiden omat kertomukset. Tutkimusmetodologiaa täydennettiin lisäksi tapaustutkimuksella käyttäen osallistuvan havainnoinnin menetelmää. Tutkimustiedot koodattiin käyttäen grounded theory -lähestymistavan mukaisia kansallisten kulttuurien ulottuvuuksia. Haastatteluille tehtiin lisäksi ristiintarkistus ja ne vahvistettiin uudelleen, jotta voitiin varmistua koodauksen paikkansapitävyydestä. Kerätty kvalitatiivinen aineisto ilmaistiin määrällisenä, jotta kerättyjä tietoja voitiin analysoida triangulaation avulla. Tutkimuksessa esiteltiin aluksi, miten kansalliset kulttuurit liittyvät Yhdistyneiden arabiemiirikuntien rakennushankkeisiin, minkä jälkeen määritettiin rakennustyöntekijöiden kansallinen kulttuuri käyttäen Geert Hofsteden teoriaa ja noudattaen ihmisarvoisen työn käytäntöjä koskevia indikaattoreita. Apuna käytettiin kertomuksia, havaintoja ja puolistrukturoituja haastatteluja. Väitöskirjassa tutkittiin rakennustyöntekijöitä, jotka olivat muuttaneet Yhdistyneisiin arabiemiirikuntiin Intiasta, Pakistanista, Bangladeshista ja Kiinasta. Tutkimuksessa todettiin, että ihmisarvoisen työn käytäntöjä koskevat indikaattorit ovat kytköksissä työntekijöiden omaan kulttuuriin. Väitöskirja paljastaa lisäksi, että Yhdistyneisiin arabiemiirikuntiin muuttaneiden rakennustyöntekijöiden kansallinen kulttuuri ei vastaa Hofsteden neljä vuosikymmentä sitten määrittämää kansallista kulttuuria. Intialaisilla rakennustyöntekijöillä havaittiin voimakasta epävarmuuden välttämistä, pakistanilaisilla työntekijöillä voimakasta maskuliinisuutta, bangladeshilaisilla työntekijöillä vähäistä pitkän tähtäimen orientaatiota ja individualismia ja kiinalaisilla rakennustyöntekijöillä puolestaan havaittiin voimakasta individualismia ja pitkän tähtäimen orientaatiota. Tutkimus osoittaa, että kulttuurieroja hallitsemalla voitaisiin edesauttaa hankkeiden viemistä onnistuneesti päätökseen, mikä puolestaan hyödyttäisi maahanmuuttajien lähtömaata ja isäntämaata sekä itse maahanmuuttajia ja heidän perheitään. Tutkimuksessa tutkittiin lisäksi, miten ihmisarvoisen työn käytännöt eroavat Yhdistyneissä arabiemiirikunnissa ja maahan muuttaneiden rakennustyöntekijöiden kansallisessa kulttuurissa (mikä puolestaan ilmenee kulttuurisessa käyttäytymisessä). Tämän eroavaisuuden ja rakennustyöntekijöiden kulttuurisen käyttäytymisen tutkimisella on taloudellisia ja yhteiskunnallisia vaikutuksia rakennustyöntekijöihin sekä maahanmuuttajien lähtö- ja tulomaihin
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Hauf, Felix [Verfasser]. "Beyond Decent Work : The Cultural Political Economy of Labour Struggles in Indonesia / Felix Hauf." Frankfurt am Main : Campus Verlag, 2016. http://www.campus.de/home/.
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Ostermeier, Martin [Verfasser]. "Key Labour Market Issues and Decent Work in Developing and Emerging Countries / Martin Ostermeier." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216330638/34.
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Gravesteijn, Robin. "Models of social enterprise? : microfinance organisations as promoters of decent work in Central Asia." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In simultaneously pursuing commercial and social goals, specialist microfinance organisations (MFOs) are leading examples of social enterprises working in development. Yet evidence of the feasibility of such ‘double bottom line’ management is limited. The thesis takes a comparative case study approach to investigating the dynamics of a social enterprise model of microfinance, with particular emphasis on its role in promoting employment related goals. Case study material consists primarily of the experience of two Central Asian MFOs that participated in an action research project ‘Microfinance for Decent Work’ implemented by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). Data was obtained through participant observation, staff interviews, client level surveys, and it also includes reflective practice arising from my participation in the ILO project as a consultant to both MFOs between 2008 and 2012. The findings are mixed. One of the MFOs was more strongly internally motivated to achieve social goals, and was more successful in implementing social performance management initiatives. The other was motivated more by the goal to demonstrate social performance to external stakeholders, and was less responsive to the evidence generated. The thesis also illustrates both path dependence in the evolution of social performance management, and the limited capacity of external agencies such as the ILO to influence the institutionalisation of development management within MFOs.
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Tsangu, Lastman. "South African tourism graduates’ perceptions of decent work in the Western Cape tourism industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The 2011 National Tourism Sector Strategy (NTSS) adopted the concept of sustainable development towards decent work as a strategic objective of priority in the South African tourism industry (South African National Department of Tourism (SA.NDT), 2011a). The objective operates to address unfavourable aspects associated with work in tourism, and is relevant to tourism graduates as their susceptibility to decent work deficits contributes to a shortage of professionals with industry-related skills in the tourism industry. Over four years have passed since the SA.NDT declared priority interest on the decent work objective in 2011. Yet no noticeable progress has yet been made. This has raised a need to expand the knowledge base on decent work in tourism so as to retain skilled tourism professionals and sustainably develop the industry, as it is a priority sector for the country’s sustainable growth. The focus of this study was to establish tourism graduates’ perceptions (and experiences) of decent work in the tourism industry, as they are susceptible to decent work deficits and are abandoning the labour sector for which they created expectations and were highly trained. Due to the exploratory nature of the study, a qualitative research approach was adopted using a structured interview guide to collect primary data. The target population was limited to the 135 tourism graduates of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology’s BTech in Tourism Management programme, who completed their studies between the years 2010 and 2014. Stratified sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used to obtain a representative sample of 40 tourism graduates. Primary data were analysed using Leximancer software. The key findings of the study reveal the majority of the respondents surveyed to be mainly single females which reflect the population of the local tourism industry, of an average age of 27 years, and earning an average monthly salary of R7 007.35. In relation to historical race categories, Africans were the most noticeable compared to other races. The working career of the majority of these tourism graduates was on average four to five years before exiting the industry to pursue a different career. This was attributed to a predominance of precarious tourism work conditions and inaccessibility of decent work as tourism qualifications are apparently not valued in the tourism labour market. The findings underlined that work in tourism covers present financial needs and does not protect employees against possible future unemployment, illness, or old age. Tourism role players should collaborate to establish decent work focus areas as a step towards addressing unfavourable work conditions in the tourism industry. This should mitigate shortages of skilled tourism human resources. The study suggested eight decent work focus areas for addressing poor working conditions and sustainable development towards decent work in the South African tourism industry.
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Setlojoane, Pheta John. "Decent work for all its meaning and content, social dimensions and SADC policy perspectives." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world is undergoing rapid changes some of which dent both the social and economic development. The world of work gets affected by these changes. Society faces risks that ultimately leave many of its members poor and destitute. At the end of the day society looks up to the government to provide solution for these problems. It is at this juncture that the state has to formulate policies that can best deal with this kind of issues. Social protection becomes very important in an attempt to ward off the harmful effects of the risks society faces. However both experience and research would have one believe that finding social protection that is comprehensive for the benefit of the entire society is an uphill battle especially in developing or low in some economies. The SADC region is not immune to this predicament as it is considered one of the poorest in the world. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the region is succumbing to this challenge as it continues to find possible ways out. Its initiatives have been to include in its policy formulation the measures that are advocated by the ILO in order to strengthen their regional policies especially in the labour law context. For this reason the importance of the ILO in the regional policy promotion and development cannot be overemphasized. The idea of "borrowing and bending" still continues in the region. Not only is this important within the labour law context, but in other disciplines. The ILO introduced, in one of its recent reports, the concept of decent work for all. The cardinal issue is the importance and relevance of this concept and its content in fostering social protection and labour issues in the SADC region. This question is the fulcrum upon which the discussion in this study is based
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Newton, Avery Danforth. "Exploring the School- and Student-level Predictors of Decent Work Attainment in the United States:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis advisor: Laura M. O'DwyerAs the nature of work continues to evolve and diversify in the 21st century, issues related to the attainment of high-quality work are paramount. Initially defined by the International Labour Organisation [ILO], Decent Work exists as a standard for the expected quality of work to which all should have access in modern society. Central to the definition of Decent Work is the guarantee that “women and men enjoy working experiences that are safe, allow adequate free time and rest, take into account family and social values, provide for adequate compensation in case of lost or reduced income, and permit access to adequate healthcare” (ILO, n.d.). While issues of work quality are relevant to all members of the workforce, young adults are at heightened risk of not securing work that is Decent, if they are able to secure work at all. Using nationally representative data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 [ELS:02], this study investigates Decent Work attainment among young adults through the lens of their experiences as high school students ten years prior. The Psychology of Working Theory (Duffy et al., 2016) guides this investigation, explicitly accounting for both individual (student-level) and contextual (school-level) characteristics in the prediction of future Decent Work attainment and overall employment status. Results from a series of multilevel analyses indicate that most of the variability in Decent Work attainment and employment status exists at the individual level, as opposed to the high school level. Structurally, this suggests that schools are not the primary drivers of students’ contextual influences when it comes to their work outcomes. Furthermore, the collection of school- and student-level predictors found to be significantly associated with the various facets of Decent Work and employment status varies widely from model to model. This suggests that the Psychology of Working Theory is far from a one-size-fits-all theory, and that the predictors of work attainment are highly complex. Implications for education policy and future research are discussed in Chapter 5
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement and Evaluation
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Pretorius, William Richard. "The impact of the concept of decent work on the job security and the provisioning of educators." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021218.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Section 29(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (the Constitution) guarantees the right to a basic education, including a basic adult education and further education. In realising this right, the State is obliged to provide financial and human resources in a manner that will transform society as a whole and deliver a better life for all citizens. The human resources in the main refer to educators. Education is one of key priorities of the present government to the extent that President Zuma has instructed that a presidential commission be established to look into the conditions of service of public servants and in particular that of educators. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has proposed the Decent Work Country Programmes to help countries align their policies with the international goal of the achievement of Decent Work for all. South Africa has done a lot of work in this regard; however the main challenge remains with the implementation and acceptance of such policies by the major stakeholders especially the trade unions. This treatise investigates the impact of the Decent Work Agenda (DWA) on the job security and provisioning of educators in South Africa. It also explores the conditions of service of temporary educators and those educators who are teaching in the rural areas under extremely difficult conditions in comparison with their counterparts in urban areas. This treatise also examines the status of social dialogue in the education sector and the impact of same on collective bargaining. This treatise recommends that the utilisation of the services of temporary educators need to be regulated to address the continuous extension of temporary contracts that is impacting negatively on job security. It also suggests that urgent measures in the form of norms and standards be determined to improve the working conditions of educators who are teaching in rural areas under very difficult circumstances.
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Martinez-Granillo, Alberto. "Community building with people of Mexican decent [sic] living in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study explored community building as a method for addressing the problems faced by Mexican Immigrant and Mexican American communities. One of the assumptions that underpinned this study is that community building can be used to counteract racist attitudes toward ethnic minorities. Historically, people of Mexican descent have been the victims of such attitutudes have found their way in oppressive social and economic policy.
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Palling, Huusko Susanna. "Global Partnerships for Sustainable Development - a case study of the Global Deal for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-361128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis discusses global partnerships for sustainable development. Global partnerships have come to be considered as key tools for the implementation of certain international sustainable development goals and there is a growing literature on the subject. Nevertheless, no study has yet been done of the Global Deal Partnership for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth, initiated by the Government of Sweden in 2016. The partnership is presented as a concrete input to several of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially numbers 8, 10, and 17. This provides an important opportunity to make sense of the Global Deal partnership, in particular since it is the first attempt of its kind to unite all stakeholders on the global labour market to work together to provide decent work and inclusive growth for all. What are the goals of the Global Deal, how was it formed, and how is it being implemented? The analysis presented in this thesis is based on a literature survey, documentary analysis, and interviews with the Global Deal Partnership’s support unit at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. This thesis argues that the Global Deal partnership is a textbook example of a global multi-stakeholder partnership, developed through an inclusive goal-setting process, and implemented with monitoring and reporting functions.
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Thomas, Huw David. "Decent work in an age of globalisation : governing production networks and the changing role of the International Labour Organization (ILO)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/109072/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is often regarded as ineffective in the face of the ‘Global Transformation’, ‘adrift’ and in a ‘state of crisis’. In particular, the ILO’s role in the governance of global production networks (GPNs) is typically neglected or simply dismissed as unsuccessful. This is understandable as the organisation of production and distribution through GPNs has undermined the traditional nation-State (horizontal) paradigm of global labour governance, most notably the international Conventions agreed by the tripartite constituents (governments, employers and workers’ representatives from 187 member States) of the ILO. An important question for the ILO, and indeed the wider international community, is whether, and if so how the Organization can transform the system of global labour governance to address and include the (vertical) GPNs that all too often fail to deliver ‘decent for all’. Drawing upon GPN and global labour governance theory, this research addresses the question of how and under what conditions the ILO can (re)establish labour standards (voice, equity and efficiency) under the ‘Global Transformation’ (in general) and GPNs (in particular). Based on 2 years of participant observation at the ILO’s headquarters in Geneva and field work (questionnaire surveys and focus group discussions) in the Indonesian palm oil and Sri Lankan tea sector, it becomes clear that the ILO must extend its responsibility vertically to address governance gaps and ‘spaces of exception’ and ultimately to promote and protect decent work in GPNs. At the International Labour Conference (ILC) in 2016 the ILO asserted that its labour standards were not ‘fit for purpose’ and a new approach to labour governance in GPNs was needed. An innovative approach to the (re)establishment of labour standards is ‘in the making’ at the ILO with the potential to improve working conditions and rights at work for millions across the globe.
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Soares, Oliveira Thaís. "Businesses, the UN and decent work promotion: a case study of H&M, ILO and Sida’s engagement in Cambodia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341915.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some retail companies have been facing boycotts and negative criticism due to their association with sweatshop practices and human rights scandals. In order to deal with such criticism, it has become common for these garment sector businesses to implement corporate responsibility projects in countries in which their independent suppliers are located. These projects fall within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, more specifically on how the private sector can contribute to the achievement of the 8th goal, which is related to decent work and economic growth. In this sense, this work analyzes how the understanding of problems related to work processes influence the design and outcome of an initiative partially implemented by the private sector. A project implemented in Cambodia by H&M, the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) was used as case study.
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Alves, Rejane de Barros Meireles. "Escravidão por dívidas nas relações de trabalho rural no Brasil contemporâneo: forma aviltante de exploração do ser humano e violadora de sua dignidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-11112011-110351/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nos últimos anos, houve um incremento no número de denúncias e constatações de trabalho escravo na zona rural brasileira, apesar da vigência de normas jurídicas destinadas a proteger o trabalhador contra esta forma de exploração. O endividamento e o uso da violência são os principais instrumentos utilizados para obstar a liberdade do trabalhador. A compreensão jurídica do tema, a partir das normas nacionais e internacionais, possibilita o desenvolvimento de ações institucionais mais eficientes destinadas à erradicação do trabalho escravo. A observância do paradigma do trabalho decente é que permitirá que o trabalhador rural desenvolva a sua atividade em condições dignas.During the past few years, there has been an increase in the number of denunciations and evidence of slavery work in the Brazilian rural zone, despite the presence of juridical norms aiming to protect the worker against this form of exploration. Indebtedness and the use of violence are the main instruments used to hinder the workers liberty. The juridical understanding on the subject, based on national and international norms, makes it possible the development of more institutional and efficient actions aiming the eradication of slave labor. The observance of the paradigm of decent work will permit the rural worker to develop his/her activity under dignified conditions.
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Osiki, Abigail Emilomo. "The interdependence of human rights: a case study with recommendations for law reform to promote decent work in the informal economy and street vending sector in Nigeria." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29997.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Broadly, decent work is promoted as a means to escape poverty. Indeed, particularly in developing countries, work is valuable as a means to gain income to meet the needs for food, shelter, health care, clothing and education. However, not all work contributes positively to human development. One example of such work is informal employment. As the informal economy has continued to expand, growing concern about the nature and quality of work has, over the past two decades, given rise to various attempts to measure and promote decent work. Decent work means work that respects the human rights of the worker. This is necessary as a strategy to eliminate poverty as well as being a key component of human dignity. A significant development of international norms for ‘decent work’ is the International Labour Organisation’s (ILO) decent work agenda (DWA), launched in 1999, comprised of four pillars (indexes) that determine the quality of work, namely: fundamental rights at work, social protection, social dialogue and employment creation. However, characteristic of activities in the informal economy, of which street vending is an example, is the lack of decent work. To achieve decent work, the objective is to transition work in the informal economy toward decent work in the formal economy. The presence of a legal framework that facilitates such a transition is critical for achieving this objective and the primary aim of this thesis is to identify the characteristics of the Nigerian legal framework that impede a transition from the informal economy, with a particular focus on the legal framework for street vending activities. Based on these findings, the thesis makes recommendations for law reform, in order to operationalise decent work within the prescripts of the ILO’s Recommendation concerning the transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy (Recommendation 204). The thesis explores the development, characteristics and nature of the informal economy both at a global level and within the specific context of Nigeria; and street trading is used as a lens to examine the dynamics and conditions of work in the informal economy. The study reveals that street vendors, like many other informal workers, lack adequate property rights in public spaces and are not protected by the labour rights which make up the pillars of decent work, in essence highlighting two core legal shortcomings that impede decent work; that is, the unenforceability of socio-economic rights and the denial of property rights in urban public places. This is borne out by the analysis of the current regulatory framework in Lagos, Nigeria, which is structured to undermine street trading as a legitimate form of work. The thesis draws attention to the interdependence of human rights, specifically in the context of property rights and the socioeconomic rights that underpin the concept of decent work and proposes law reform to address shortcomings in the law in order to promote decent work and the formalization of the rights of street vendors in Nigeria. Specifically, the thesis recommends selected pathways for supporting the pillars of decent work within the context of the ILO’s Recommendation 204. The thesis recognises that the implementation of these pathways has policy implications that require further reflection in the process of designing an appropriate legal framework to regulate the Nigerian informal economy.
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Marvie, II C. Kelvin 1980. "Economic growth and job creation = the case of Liberia = Crescimento econômico e geração de emprego ; o caso da Libéria." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286225.
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Orientador: Carlos Salas PaezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Libéria, como muitas economias em desenvolvimento têm se esforçado para incentivar o investimento em uma tentativa de facilitar o crescimento econômico e a criação de emprego. Este tem sido reforçada pelos esforços do governo para atrair investidores através de políticas favoráveis ao investimento. O desempenho recente da economia da Libéria tem sido um pouco prejudicada pela taxa de aumento da informalidade e do subemprego. Políticas voltadas estritamente para alcançar a estabilidade macroeconômica e ao crescimento do emprego acelerado sem consideração aos problemas da qualidade do emprego criado. Esta situação é, provavelmente, um reflexo do fato de que o ímpeto de crescimento na Libéria é alcançado inadequadas ou não está direcionado para as atividades de trabalho intensivo. Setores com alta taxa de absorção de trabalho: como a manufatura, turismo, agricultura e exportações de mercadorias não têm atraído o investimento necessário para aumentar o crescimento e desempenho do emprego. A economia da Libéria, portanto, requer uma revisão profunda das atuais políticas nacionais de desenvolvimento para gerar crescimento que iria melhorar as condições de vida da população. Promover a criação de emprego e renda para a realização de suas metas de redução da pobreza, é uma tarefa inadiável. Para que o crescimento do emprego possa ser realizado, este texto propõe várias iniciativas destinadas a reforçar o emprego
Abstract: Liberia like many developing economies have endeavored to encourage investment in a bid to facilitate economic growth and job creation. This has been enhanced by the government's efforts to attract investors through many favorable investment policies. The fairly decent growth performance of the Liberian economy has been somewhat dented by the increasing rate of informality and underemployment. Policies narrowly focused on achieving macroeconomic stability and accelerated growth without adequate employment consideration and facilitation. This situation is probably a reflection of the fact that the growth impetus achieved in Liberia is either inadequate or does not come from investment directed into the labour intensive activities. Sectors with high labour absorption rate such as manufacturing, tourism, merchandize agriculture and exports have not attracted the necessary investment to enhance growth and employment performance. The Liberian economy therefore requires a thorough review of the current national development policies to generate growth that would promote job creation and improve incomes for the realization of its poverty reduction goals. For employment-friendly growth to be realized, this paper attempts to propose various initiatives aimed at enhancing employment
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Gamba, Juliane Caravieri Martins. "Trabalho digno e direitos humanos no MERCOSUL: vicissitudes da integração latino-americana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-14102015-111919/.
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Nos primórdios da civilização, o trabalho era a atividade ligada à pesca, à caça, à coleta de frutos e à plantação de alimentos destinados ao sustento do homem na vida em comunidade. A partir do desenvolvimento do capitalismo industrial, houve a divisão social e técnica do trabalho que transformou este ato, inicialmente tão natural, numa engrenagem do processo de produção e o ser humano passou a ser um apêndice das máquinas sujeito a precárias condições de trabalho. Tal sociedade de consumo conferiu aos trabalhadores o mesmo valor que se atribui às máquinas e aos instrumentos de produção, esvaziando sua dignidade humana. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa analisou - de modo comparativo e crítico - se os direitos humanos trabalhistas e o trabalho digno estão sendo implementados no Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL), enquanto processo de integração regional que envolve países possuidores de realidades socioeconômicas diferenciadas, destacando-se, no estudo, o Brasil, a Argentina, o Paraguai e o Uruguai. Como Hannah Arendt apregoou no final de \"A Condição Humana\", na sociedade capitalista houve a vitória do animal laborans sobre o homo faber com o triunfo do consumo sobre o uso e do metabolismo sobre a durabilidade das coisas, havendo a mitigação da dignidade do trabalhador. Porém, o trabalho humano possui características peculiares, devendo ser considerado com critérios que extrapolam os aspectos puramente econômicos. Segundo Felice Battaglia, na \"Filosofia do Trabalho\", o trabalho é uma realidade poliédrica captada parcialmente pelas diferentes Ciências (Física, Biologia, Economia etc.), mas o trabalho do homem deve estar em consonância com os limites impostos pela sua própria dignidade. Então, o trabalho humano não pode ser tratado na condição de mercadoria ou insumo de produção como o capitalismo impõe, pois ele se apresenta como um valor necessário para a existência digna do trabalhador. Não basta a concessão de um trabalho ao ser humano, é imprescindível a garantia e a concretização da concepção de trabalho digno que respeita a pessoa humana em sua integralidade físico-psíquica como ser único e insubstituível. No caso do MERCOSUL, a tutela jurídica do trabalho digno e dos direitos humanos trabalhistas nas ordens jurídicas internas dos países integrantes do bloco, bem como em tratados internacionais por eles ratificados não garantirá, por si só, sua efetivação no mundo do trabalho. É imperiosa a existência de efetivo \"querer político\" dos governantes dos Estados-membros para a concretização do trabalho digno no MERCOSUL rumo a uma integração regional mais solidária para os povos latino-americanos.In the dawn of civilization, human activity was linked to fishing, hunting, collecting fruits and the planting of food, all that intended for the sustenance in community life. As the industrial capitalism developed, a social and technical division of labor emerged and transformed this act, initially so natural, in a gear of the production process. Therefore, the human being has become an appendage of the machines, subject to substandard working conditions. Such consumer society has given workers the same value attributed to the machines and the instruments of production, emptying them of their human dignity. In this context, this research has analyzed - in a comparative and critical way - if labor human rights and a decent work are being implemented in the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) as a process of regional integration that involves differentiated socioeconomic realities of countries, most notably, in this study, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. As Hannah Arendt proclaimed at the end of her work \"The Human Condition\", in capitalist society there was the victory of the animal laborans over the homo faber, and the triumph of the consumption over the use as well as the metabolism over the durability of things, leading to the mitigation of the dignity of the workers. However, the human labor has peculiar characteristics, and should be considered with criteria that go beyond the purely economic aspects. According to Felice Battaglia in his \"Philosophy of Work\", the work is a polyhedral reality partially captured by different sciences (Physics, Biology, Economics, etc.), but the human labor must be in line with the limits imposed by his own dignity. So, it cannot be treated as goods or production input as capitalism imposes, because it presents itself as a required value for a worthy existence of the worker. It is not enough to grant labor to human beings; it is indispensable to guarantee the design and implementation of decent work, which respects the human person in its psychic-physical entirety as an unique and irreplaceable being. In the case of MERCOSUR, the legal protection of decent work and labor human rights in internal legal orders of the Member Countries, as well as in international treaties ratified by them, will not, by itself, ensure its effectuation in the world of work. It is vital for the existence of an effective \"political demanding\" of the rulers\' Member States for the implementation of a decent work in the MERCOSUR regional integration towards greater solidarity to the peoples of Latin America.
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Milian, Guilherme Amelio [UNESP]. "Índice-síntese de trabalho decente: uma comparação entre regiões metropolitanas (2005-2014)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148943.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Desde o findar da década de 1990, a OIT vem fazendo esforços para promover a geração de trabalho decente. Valendo-se de objetivos como promover e cumprir com as normas, princípios e direitos fundamentais no trabalho, criar oportunidades dignas para homens e mulheres, ampliar a proteção social de modo eficaz e fortalecer o tripartismo e o diálogo social. No espectro da expansão de postos de trabalho formal no Brasil nos últimos anos – 10,3 milhões entre 2005 e 2015, segundo dados do CAGED – nada se revela sobre quais condições os trabalhadores se encontram nas atividades econômicas que desempenham. Sobretudo em regiões metropolitanas, onde há pujante geração de riqueza produtiva. Ademais, fora da “nata” do emprego formal, encontram-se trabalhadores em situação precária, o que reforça a necessidade de um indicativo dos ares que envolvem o emprego digno. Dessa maneira, o objetivo geral desta dissertação é verificar a qualidade do trabalho entre as regiões metropolitanas. O termo qualidade está circunscrito ao conceito de trabalho decente da OIT, que apesar de ser amplo, apresenta eixos e dimensões capazes de incluir aspectos de um emprego digno. Este trabalho contempla o desenvolvimento de um índice-síntese de trabalho decente, com metodologia semelhante ao IDH, mas com adaptações necessárias. Utilizaram-se os microdados da PNAD do IBGE dos anos de 2005 e 2014 em nove principais metrópoles de diferentes regiões do país. O índice-síntese de trabalho decente final é composto por três índices calculados de acordo com os pilares do conceito (Emprego, Direitos e Princípios fundamentais no trabalho e Segurança Social + Diálogo Social). Para cada pilar, há uma ou mais dimensões. A composição do índice é dada, obviamente, por um conjunto de indicadores (ou variáveis). Em resumo, em termos práticos, entende-se que o índice-síntese final tem valor qualitativo. O estudo mostrou, comparativamente e dentro das limitações inerentes a qualquer índice, padrões de qualidade (de 0 a 1) do trabalho entre as regiões metropolitanas em dois anos (2005 e 2014). Vale dizer que o padrão de qualidade “alta” do trabalho, diagnosticada pelos resultados do índice em algumas metrópoles, traduz-se em nível de comparação com relação às demais regiões do grupo estudado. Ou seja, obviamente, se reconhece o déficit de trabalho decente nacional, sem eximir a vulnerabilidade ocupacional e precarização do mercado de trabalho. Não houve pretensões de inferir pelos resultados que a qualidade das condições laborais seja elevada. Mas apenas comparar, dentro do recorte geográfico escolhido, em quais metrópoles os indicadores se manifestaram em melhor ou pior situação, traduzida por meio de um índice sintético. Pode-se constatar pelos resultados, que a qualidade do emprego digno, restrita ao conceito de trabalho decente da OIT, se alterou no grupo comparativamente para pior na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (de alta para média) e na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (de muito alta para alta). O movimento de melhora foi verificado na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (de média para alta). Finalmente, o índice-síntese calculado revelou qualidade muito baixa nas seguintes metrópoles: Região Metropolitana de Belém, Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza, Região Metropolitana do Recife, Região Metropolitana de Salvador e Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro.
Since the end of the 1990s, the ILO has been making efforts to promote the generation of decent work. Using such objectives as promoting and complying with fundamental labor standards, principles and rights, creating decent opportunities for men and women, enhancing social protection effectively and strengthening tripartism and social dialogue. In the spectrum of the expansion of formal jobs in Brazil in recent years - 10.3 million between 2005 and 2015, according to CAGED data - nothing is revealed about what conditions workers are in their economic activities. Especially in metropolitan regions, where there is a strong generation of productive wealth. In addition, outside the "cream" of formal employment, there are workers in a precarious situation, which reinforces the need for an indication of the air that involves decent employment. In this way, the general objective of this dissertation is to verify the quality of the work among the metropolitan regions. The term quality is confined to the concept of decent work of the ILO, which, although broad, presents axes and dimensions capable of including aspects of decent work. This work contemplates the development of a decent work synthesis index, with methodology similar to the HDI, but with necessary adaptations. The microdata of the IBGE PNAD of the years 2005 and 2014 were used in nine major metropolises of different regions of the country. The final decent work summary index is composed of three indices calculated according to the pillars of the concept (Employment, Rights and Fundamental Principles at Work and Social Security + Social Dialogue). For each pillar, there are one or more dimensions. The composition of the index is, of course, given by a set of indicators (or variables). In summary, in practical terms, it is understood that the final index-synthesis has a qualitative value. The study showed, comparatively and within the limitations inherent in any index, quality standards (from 0 to 1) of work between metropolitan regions in two years (2005 and 2014). It is worth mentioning that the "high" quality standard of work, diagnosed by the results of the index in some metropolises, translates into a level of comparison with the other regions of the studied group. That is, of course, the national decent work deficit is recognized, without exempting the occupational vulnerability and precariousness of the labor market. There was no pretense of inferring from the results that the quality of working conditions is high. But only to compare, within the chosen geographic cut, in which metropolis the indicators were manifested in better or worse situation, translated by means of a synthetic index. It can be seen from the results that the quality of decent employment, restricted to the concept of decent work of the ILO, has changed in the comparatively worse group in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (from high to medium) and in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre ( From very high to high). The improvement movement was verified in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (from medium to high). Finally, the calculated synthesis index showed very low quality in the following metropolises: Metropolitan Region of Belém, Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, Metropolitan Region of Recife, Metropolitan Region of Salvador and Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro.
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Lopes, Alexandre dos Santos. "Neoliberalismo no Uruguai e as políticas sociais para o trabalho da Frente Ampla : o caso dos Conselhos de Salários 2005-2010 /." Marília, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191293.
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Orientador: Anderson DeoResumo: Este trabalho pretende discutir a implementação do trabalho decente e os Conselhos de Salários no Uruguai de 2005 a 2010. A hipótese principal consiste na incompatibilidade estrutural entre acumulação e equidade. Perguntamos se é possível superar a injustiça social, a desigualdade e implementar o trabalho decente por meio da negociação coletiva, aos moldes da OIT (1998). A abordagem teórica recai sobre as obras de Karl Marx e aos representantes da Teoria Marxista da Dependência. Theotônio dos Santos, Ruy Mauro Marini e Vivián Trías nos anos 1970 no intuito de explicarem o significado do caráter do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado e a superexploração do trabalho dos países latino-americanos abordaram os processos de extração de mais-valia em direção aos países desenvolvidos. Quando a Frente Ampla chegou à presidência da república no Uruguai criaram planos e programas de combate a fome e a extrema pobreza, reinseriram a política de Conselhos de Salários e implementaram o trabalho decente através do aumento salarial e proteção social aos trabalhadores. A resposta encontrada pelos investidores internacionais foi a inserção de novas tecnologias, a manutenção da existência de um exército industrial de reserva e a precarização laboral.
Abstract: This work aims to discuss the implementation of decent work and the Uruguayan Wage Councils from 2005 to 2010. The main hypothesis is the structural incompatibility between accumulation and equity. We ask whether it is possible to overcome social injustice and inequality and implement decent work through collective bargaining, along the lines of the ILO (1998). The theoretical approach is based on the works of Karl Marx and the representatives of the Marxist Theory of Dependence. Theotonio dos Santos, Ruy Mauro Marini and Vivián Trías in the 1970s to explain the meaning of the character of unequal and combined development and the overexploitation of labour in Latin American countries addressed the processes of extracting surplus value towards developed countries. When the Broad Front came to the presidency of the Republic in Uruguay, they created plans and programs to combat hunger and extreme poverty, reinserted the policy of Wage Councils and implemented decent work through wage increases and social protection for workers. The response found by international investors was the insertion of new technologies, the maintenance of the existence of an industrial reserve army and the precariousness of labor.
Résumé: Ce travail s’ occupe de discuter la mise em place du travail décent et les Conseils de Salaires au Uruguai de 2005 jusqu’à 2010. L´ l'hypothèse principal consiste dans l` incompatibilité structurelle entre l'accumulation et l'équité. Nous demandons si c’ est possible surmonter l'injustice sociale, et l’ l'inégalité et déployer le travail décent par la négociation collective, sur le format de l’ OIT (1998). L’ approche théorique incombe aux oeuvres de Karl Marx et aux représentants de la Théorie Marxiste de la Dependance. Theotônio dos Santos, Ruy Mauro Marini et Vivián Trías dans les années 1970 dans l'ordre d’expliquer le sens du caractère du développement inégal et combiné et surexploitation du travail des pays d'Amérique latine ont abordé les processus d’extraction de la plus-value vers les pays développés. Quand la Front Wide a atteint la présidence de la république au Uruguay ont créé des plans et des programmes de lutte contre la faim et l'extrême pauvreté, réinséré la politique du Conseil des salaires et mis en oeuvre le travail d’ augmentations de salaire et protection sociale des travailleurs. La réponse trouvée par les investisseurs internationaux a été l’insertion de nouvelles technologies, le maintien de l'existence d'une armée de réserve industrielle et la précarité du travail.
Doutor
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Коваленко, О. О. "ГЕНЕЗА ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ТА НАДОМНОЇ РОБІТ ЯК НЕСТАНДАРТНИХ ФОРМ ТРУДОВОЇ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ У ПЕРІОД ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19 ЯК ШЛЯХ ДО ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ГІДНОЇ ПРАЦІ". Thesis, Дніпропетровський державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2021. http://dspace.hnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6893.
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Пандемія на коронавірусну хворобу (COVID-19), що охопила світ у 2020 р., не тільки змусила законодавця замислитись над необхідністю змін до чинного трудового законодавства України щодо регулювання нестандартних форм трудової зайнятості, яка, виникла ще з часів отримання Україною незалежності, але й реалізувати цю задумку. Зміни до трудового законодавства врахували теоретичні напрацювання вчених-трудовиків та юридичної практики та нарешті впорядкували дефініції надомної та дистанційної робіт у кодификованому акті. Крім заповнення прогалини правового регулювання на такому рівні, очевидно, що застосування надомної та дистанційної роботи, які вже зараз мають юридичний фундамент для свого застосування, стали тією рятувальною соломинкою, яка дозволила реалізовувати свої трудові здібності, своє право на працю і особисті здібності людини в нормальних - гідних умовах. Вони стали, подекуди, єдиною можливістю заробляти собі на життя працею, а не вмирати голодною смертю. Пандемия коронавирусного заболевания (COVID-19), охватившая мир в 2020 г., не только заставила законодателя задуматься над необходимостью изменений в действующем трудовом законодательстве Украины относительно регулирования нестандартных форм трудовой занятости, возникшей еще со времен получения Украиной независимости, но и реализовать эту задумку. Изменения в трудовом законодательстве учли теоретические наработки ученых-трудовиков и юридической практики и наконец-то упорядочили дефиниции надомной и дистанционной работ в кодифицированном акте. Кроме заполнения пробелов правового регулирования на таком уровне, очевидно, что применение надомной и дистанционной работы, уже сейчас имеющих юридический фундамент для своего применения, стали той спасательной соломинкой, которая позволила реализовывать свои трудовые способности, свое право на труд и личные способности человека в нормальных - достойных условиях. Они стали, кое-где, единственной возможностью зарабатывать себе на жизнь трудом, а не умирать голодной смертью. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that swept the world in 2020 not only made the legislator think about the need for changes in the current labor legislation of Ukraine regarding the regulation of non-standard forms of employment. Changes in labor legislation have finally streamlined the definitions of home and remote work. Obviously, the use of home and remote work, which already now have a legal foundation for their application, has become the saving straw that allowed them to realize their labor abilities, their right to work as a person in normal, decent conditions. They have become, in some places, the only way to earn a living by working, and not to die of starvation.
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Monaco, Luigi Lo. "O DIREITO AO TRABALHO DECENTE : sonho ou realidade?" Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/849.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-16The thesis we have developed is focused on the right to work "decent." This is a research and ethical reflection on the threat of economic "globalization" in Brazil. The right to work and work "decent" is situated in the larger context of human rights, the evolution of labor law and the current economic situation. The text prepared reports on the rise of the bourgeoisie and the capitalist exploitation of workers, since modernity, emphasizes the limits and the positive aspects of liberal constitutions and Brazilian constitutions since 1824 until 1988, stresses the importance of workers' struggles to defend the dignity of workers and their rights. The main hypothesis formulated by the author, who supervised the research, is that the new economic context of economic "globalization" of neoliberalism and social rights and the right to work "decent" are increasingly threatened. Hence the need to defend these rights resisting the process of deterioration of labor relations and setting, from ethical references, a schedule of minimum goals to be achieved in the near future.
A dissertação que elaboramos tem como tema central o direito ao trabalho decente . Trata-se de uma pesquisa e de uma reflexão ética sobre as ameaças da globalização econômica no Brasil. O direito ao trabalho e ao trabalho decente é situado no contexto maior dos direitos humanos, da evolução do direito trabalhista e da atual situação econômica. O texto elaborado relata sobre a ascensão da burguesia e a exploração capitalista dos trabalhadores, desde a modernidade; evidencia os limites e os aspectos positivos das Constituições liberais e das Constituições brasileiras desde 1824 até 1988; frisa a importância das lutas operárias para a defesa da dignidade dos trabalhadores e de seus direitos. A hipótese principal formulada pelo autor, e que orientou a pesquisa, é que no novo contexto econômico da globalização econômica e do neoliberalismo os direitos sociais e o direito ao trabalho decente são cada vez mais ameaçados. Daí a necessidade de defender estes direitos resistindo ao processo de precarização das relações trabalhistas e fixando, a partir de referências éticas, uma agenda de objetivos mínimos a serem alcançados no futuro próximo.
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Meirinho, Augusto Grieco Sant’Anna. "O trabalho decente como pressuposto essencial do Sistema de Seguridade Social: o efeito cliquet e a construção do mínimo existencial “beveridgiano”." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20319.
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This study describes the Brazilian Social Security System by the theory of neoconstitutionalism. This subject reveals important as a current issue and as consequence of the growing debates about labor and social security reforms that is ongoing in Brazil by the pendulum movement towards the neoliberalism. The hypothesis is that the ongoing changes will reduce the worker protection, being a mechanism of deterioration of labor relationship between employers and employees and weak the Welfare State. Being the labor right a fundamental right and that the unemployment degenerates the human dignity, recognizes that the State should creates public policies to the expansion of the employment level with qualities, which means to implementation of the Decent Work Agenda from de International Labor Organization. The study also proposes as theoretical and methodological reference to the research the concepts of the minimal existential as a barrier to the changes that implicate a social decline and threats the Social Security systemic balance. This research aims to demonstrate that the minimal existential is insufficient to reduces the poverty and the inequality, because its reductionist concept. Defends the improvement of the worker’s labor conditions by the application of the cliquet effect theory, introducing the new concept of the minimal existential “beveridgiano”, that is made up of the minimal existential and the decent work. The minimal existential “beveridgiano”, with supports by the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, should be introduced by adequate public policies to improve people social conditions life, fulfilling the constitutional commandment, by the social values of labor, aims the social well-being and justice, in respect of the dignity of the human person
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o Sistema de Seguridade Social brasileiro à luz do neoconstitucionalismo. O tema se revela importante diante da atualidade e do aprofundamento dos debates sobre as reformas trabalhista e previdenciária que vem ocorrendo no Brasil a partir de uma mudança pendular em direção ao neoliberalismo. Parte da hipótese de que as mudanças em curso fragilizam a proteção ao trabalhador, sendo um mecanismo de precarização das relações de trabalho e de potencialização do enfraquecimento do Estado do Bem-Estar Social. Afirmando ser o direito ao trabalho um direito fundamental e que o desemprego avilta a condição de dignidade da pessoa humana, reconhece que o Estado deve buscar, com políticas públicas, a expansão do emprego com qualidade, o que significa implantar a agenda do Trabalho Decente da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. O estudo centra-se na análise da teoria do mínimo existencial como barreira às mudanças que acarretam retrocesso social e ameaçam o equilíbrio sistêmico da Seguridade Social. Com a pesquisa, busca-se demonstrar que o mínimo existencial é insuficiente para reduzir a pobreza e as desigualdades sociais, por apresentar uma concepção reducionista. Defende-se a melhoria das condições dos trabalhadores pela aplicação da teoria do efeito cliquet, convergindo para a proteção do mínimo existencial beveridgiano, que é integrado pelo conceito de mínimo existencial e trabalho decente. O mínimo existencial beveridgiano, com suporte na Constituição Federal de 1988, deve ser buscado pela introdução de políticas públicas adequadas para melhorar a condição social das pessoas, em busca de se cumprir o mandamento constitucional de, a partir do valor social do trabalho, assegurar justiça e bemestar sociais, medida da dignidade da pessoa humana
34
Magalhães, Sara Isabel Simões. "Percepção de pessoas em situação de sem abrigo sobre as suas trajetórias de vida." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28734.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente estudo analisa a perceção de pessoas sem abrigo sobre a sua trajetória
de vida e sobre o seu desenvolvimento de carreira. Nove pessoas na condição de sem
abrigo foram entrevistadas. As entrevistas foram analisadas segundo o método
Consensual Qualitative Research. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a complexidade das
trajetórias de vida dos participantes que se traduz num conjunto de fatores do seu passado
e do presente (e.g. pobreza, problemas de saúde mental, abandono e rejeição). Os
resultados são interpretados e discutidos tendo em conta a a teoria da psicologia do
trabalho. A discussão dos resultados também considera implicações para a investigação
e prática; Abstract: The present study analyzes the perception of homeless about both their life path
and career development. Nine homeless people were interviewed. The interviews were
analyzed according to the Consensual Qualitative Research method. Findings reveal the
complexity of the participants' life trajectories, which are expressed into a set of factors
from their past and present life (e.g. poverty, mental health problems, abandonment and
rejection). The results are interpreted and discussed taking into account the theory of work
psychology. Discussion of the results also considers implications for research and
practice.
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Targa, Maria Ines Correa de Cerqueira Cesar. "Formação de juizes do trabalho no Brasil apos a constituição federal de 1988 : a escola da magistratura da justiça do trabalho da 15a. região." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251946.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Maria Evelyna Pompeu do NascimentoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: O Brasil apresenta os menores índices de Juízes em face da população atendida, e esta é uma das causas de morosidade do Poder Judiciário, extremamente relevante para a mantença do Estado Democrático de Direito, mormente em se considerando que o acesso à justiça é direito de primeira geração e forma de garantia de todos os demais direitos constitucionalmente assegurados. Inúmeros concursos de ingresso à Magistratura são efetivados sem que as vagas oferecidas sejam preenchidas. Na raiz do problema encontra-se o desmonte do ensino jurídico no Brasil, com proliferação de faculdades e a ausência de implementação da política de formação prevista na Constituição Federal para os magistrados. Aqueles que ingressam na carreira, cada vez mais jovens, conquanto submetidos a concursos que verifiquem seus conhecimentos jurídicos, necessitam receber os saberes vinculados ao exercício da complexa função jurisdicional, necessidade que permeia todo o desenvolvimento da vida profissional do magistrado. A verificação do quanto supra indicado demonstrou para nós a necessidade deanalisar como está sendo realizado o processo de implementação no Brasil de escolas de magistratura do trabalho, mormente após o advento da Emenda Constitucional 45, que lhes atribuiu funções ainda mais relevantes, além de promover a formação inicial e continuada dos magistrados, a saber, acompanhar e opinar em seu processo de vitaliciamento e promoção por merecimento. Para a realização do objetivo, elaboramos uma investigação de natureza documental e o estudo de um caso, a saber, da Escola da Magistratura da Justiça do Trabalho da 15ª Região, visando verificar exemplo de como se estrutura o recente processo de implementação das escolas de magistratura, pesquisa que pretende se constituir numa referência para estudos futuros que tenham como foco a efetivação da política pública de formação de magistrados do Trabalho assentada na Constituição Federal
Abstract: Brazil is the country with the smallest number of judges compared to the assisted population, and this is one of the reasons why the country has such a slow-working Judiciary Power, although it is extremely relevant for the maintenance of the Constitutional State. This is especially important considering that people¿s access to justice services is a first-generation right and also a way to guarantee all of the other constitutionally assured rights. Several judge examinations are carried out, but few of thevacancies are filled. The root of the problem lies in the collapse of law teaching in Brazil, with an excessive surge of colleges and the lack of action towards implementing the education policy professed in the Federal Constitution for the magistrates. New judges who start their careers are younger and younger nowadays, and yet they only do it after going through examinations that check their juridical knowledge, and they also need to get knowledge that is related to the complex and effective jurisdictional function and that they will need through the development of their whole professional lives. After observing theabove mentioned, we could realize it was necessary to analyze the implementation process of labor magistracy schools in Brazil, mainly after the institution of amendment to the constitution # 45, which assigned them still more relevant functions, besidesfostering initial and continued judge education, that is, watching them closely and advising them about their lifetime tenure process and promotion for merit. In order to reach this goal, a documental investigation was prepared, as well as the case study of the Escola da Magistratura da Justiça do Trabalho da 15ª Região (Labor Magistracy School - 15th Region), aiming to observe an example of how the recent implementation process of magistracy schools is structured. This research is intended to be a reference for future studies which focus on the effectiveness of the public policy for the education of labor magistrates, based on the Federal Constitution
Doutorado
Politicas de Educação e Sistemas Educativos
Doutor em Educação
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Kamada, Fabiana Larissa. "A regulamentação do trabalho doméstico à luz da teoria feminista: da invisibilidade ao reconhecimento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1057.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-20Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The paid domestic work, undervalued activity in Brazil, still bears traces of our slave past. Being underpaid, with high rates of informality, developing into long working hours and being endowed with low social protection, domestic work contributes to the feminization of poverty, since the majority of domestic workers are women. This study shows the extent to which sexual division of labor hampers and even manages to derail the achievement of full citizenship of women, perpetuating gender inequality in labor relations, the intended men to productive sphere (public space) and to women reproductive (private area). Because domestic work assignment considered "natural" women, the labor employed therein is overexploited, endowed with little protection, and an urgent need to review the rules of this kind of work, as well as seeking alternatives to configure it as "decent work", a fundamental condition for overcoming poverty, the reduction of social inequalities, ensuring democratic governance and sustainable development. To do so, you must bring the discussion of feminist theory, especially Nancy Fraser, to guide the choices of changes to follow.
O trabalho doméstico remunerado, atividade pouco valorizada no Brasil, carrega ainda hoje traços de nosso passado escravista. Sendo mal remunerado, contando com altos índices de informalidade, desenvolvendo-se em longas jornadas de trabalho e sendo dotado de baixa proteção social, o trabalho doméstico contribui para a feminização da pobreza, já que a maioria dos trabalhadores domésticos é composta por mulheres. Este estudo mostra em que medida a divisão sexual do trabalho dificulta e chega mesmo a inviabilizar a conquista da plena cidadania feminina, perpetuando a desigualdade entre os sexos nas relações de trabalho, ao destinar aos homens a esfera produtiva (espaço público) e às mulheres a reprodutiva (espaço privado). Por ser o trabalho doméstico considerado atribuição "natural" das mulheres, a mão de obra nele empregada é superexplorada, dotada de pouca proteção, sendo necessário e urgente se rever a regulamentação deste tipo de trabalho, assim como buscar alternativas para que ele se configure como trabalho decente , condição fundamental para a superação da pobreza, a redução das desigualdades sociais, a garantia da governabilidade democrática e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para tanto, será necessário trazer a discussão da teoria feminista, principalmente a de Nancy Fraser, para orientar nas escolhas de mudanças a serem seguidas.
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Arigony, Marcelo Mendes. "Trabalho decente das mulheres da polícia civil do estado do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study discusses the work of women in the Civil State of Rio Grande do Sul Police, from
the perspective of decent work criteria of the International Labour Organization. The research
is affection to the field of sustainability, social, related to corporate social responsibility, in
search of the necessary sustainable public management. The research question is related to the
corporate environment and the care of vectors proposed by the ILO related to freedom,
equality, fairness and dignity. The general objective was environmental analysis for women,
based on decent work criteria. The theoretical framework deals with labor and public safety,
divided into topics on sustainability, decent work, women's work, Civil Police and the Rio
Grande do Sul Police. Data collection was carried out from various sources of evidence,
making himself use of primary and secondary data. The study is qualitative, from an
observation script and a flexible instrument made with open questions. The note took into
account aspects of building, vehicles, staff and working conditions. In addition to observation,
primary data were collected through interviews with ten delegates and police servants, and
secondary data from documents. The interpretation was performed using content analysis
procedure. The main results show that the Civil Police of RS incorporates a larger system of
public security and is responsible for criminal investigation, among other functions. The
woman went on to win opportunity from the 1970s and now occupies a prominent place, on
par with men, despite some evidence of limited opportunities. The general perception is
disagreement with the ILO indicators are excepting-criteria related to security and social
dialogue, as well as stability and income, which were considered fully or partially met. In the
other points there is no adaptation of police work to the vectors of the ILO, especially
security, equality, opportunities, conciliation and working hours. The study brought as a result
the transformation of empirical findings on scientific evidence able to assist the understanding
of police work, especially the work of women. Also it provided notice of police work by the
scientific perspective, increasing the need for new studies to broaden the understanding of the
issue and contribute to more focused management strategies on sustainability by the bias of
social responsibility.Este estudo aborda o trabalho da mulher na Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sob a ótica dos critérios do Trabalho Decente da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. A pesquisa encontra-se afeto ao campo da sustentabilidade, na vertente social, relacionada à responsabilidade social corporativa, em busca da necessária gestão pública sustentável. A questão de pesquisa está relacionada com o ambiente corporativo e o atendimento dos vetores propostos pela OIT, relacionados à liberdade, igualdade, equidade e dignidade. O objetivo geral foi a análise do ambiente para as mulheres, com base nos critérios do trabalho decente. O referencial teórico trata de trabalho e segurança pública, subdividido em tópicos sobre sustentabilidade, trabalho decente, trabalho da mulher, Polícia Civil e Polícia do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de diversas fontes de evidência, fazendo-se uso de dados primários e secundários. O estudo tem natureza qualitativa, a partir de um roteiro de observação e um instrumento flexível composto com perguntas abertas. A observação levou em conta aspectos relativos a prédio, viaturas, funcionários e condições de trabalho. Além da observação, os dados primários foram coletados por meio de dez entrevistas com delegadas e servidoras policiais, e os dados secundários a partir de documentos. A interpretação foi realizada utilizando-se procedimento de análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados revelam que a Polícia Civil do RS integra um sistema maior de segurança, responsável pela investigação criminal, dentre outras funções. A mulher passou a ganhar oportunidade a partir da década de 1970 e hoje ocupa lugar destacado, em paridade com os homens, não obstante algumas evidências de limitação de oportunidades. A percepção geral é de desconformidade com os indicadores da OIT, ressalvando-se os critérios ligados à seguridade e diálogo social, bem assim estabilidade e rendimentos, que foram considerados total ou parcialmente atendidos. Nos demais pontos não há adequação do trabalho policial aos vetores da OIT, especialmente segurança, igualdade, oportunidades, conciliação e jornada de trabalho. O estudo trouxe como resultados a transformação de achados empíricos em evidências científicas aptas a auxiliar a compreensão do trabalho policial, em especial o trabalho da mulher. Proporcionou também a observação do trabalho policial pela ótica científica, potencializando a realização de novos estudos com vista a alargar a compreensão sobre a temática e contribuir para estratégias de gestão mais focadas na sustentabilidade pelo viés da responsabilidade social.
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Menezes, Larissa Teixeira de. "Trabalho decente e desenvolvimento: o salário como elo entre crescimento econômico e efetivação dos direitos fundamentais laborais." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4419.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-31Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present dissertative study focuses on salary analysis as a link between economic growth and development of both workers and State, also relating salary with the effectiveness of labor fundamental rights and decent work. This research aims to answer the following question: could decent work, especially salary, as a poverty reducer and source of development, represent an obstacle to economic growth and effectiveness of labor fundamental rights? The subject was approached with dialectical and deductive methods, using a qualitative theoretical-instrumental legal research. As procedure was used historical, comparative and interpretative methods, and also indirect documentation as research technique. From human rights and labor fundamentals analysis, the present work will analyze the centrality of salary in economic and social rights listing antagonistic features which constitute the core of salary in a hybrid way with economic and social dimensions. Neoliberal primers aim high productivity over salary and dignity of workers. In this context is highlighted the importance of a decent work agenda, exponent of International Labour Organization which worries about checking effectiveness to human rights internationally and to labor fundamental rights inside each country. Likewise, this work brings researches from International Labour Organization, DepartamentoIntersindical de Estatística, EstudosSocioeconômicos, InstitutoBrasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and other institutes, ratifying the relevance of imbricated study between salary, decent work and development combining with statistical data about the subject evolution and effectiveness of labor fundamental rights.
O presente trabalho dissertativo enfoca a análise do salário como elo entre o crescimento econômico e o desenvolvimento, tanto do trabalhador quanto do Estado, relacionando-o, igualmente, à efetivação dos direitos fundamentais laborais e o trabalho decente. A pesquisa aqui proposta se desenvolverá em torno da seguinte questão: o trabalho decente, em especial, o salário, se descortina como indutor da redução da pobreza e fonte de desenvolvimento, mas representaria, dessa forma, entrave para o crescimento econômico e a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais laborais? Para tanto, foi empreendida uma pesquisa jurídica teórico-instrumental, de natureza qualitativa, utilizando os métodos dialético e dedutivo para a abordagem do tema. Como procedimento foram empregados os métodos histórico, comparativo e interpretativo e, por fim, utilizou-se como técnica de pesquisa, a documentação indireta. Partindo da análise dos direitos humanos e fundamentais laborais, o presente estudo analisará a centralidade do salário no âmbito dos direitos econômicos e sociais elencando as características antagônicas que constituem a essência do salário de forma híbrida com dimensões tanto econômicas quanto sociais. As cartilhas neoliberais buscam a elevada produtividade em detrimento do salário e da dignidade do trabalhador. É nesse contexto que se reveste de importância a agenda do trabalho decente, expoente da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, que atenta para as dificuldades em conferir efetividade aos direitos humanos no plano internacional e aos direitos fundamentais laborais no plano interno de cada país. Outrossim, o trabalho traz à lume pesquisas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconomicos, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, dentre outras instituições, ratificando a importância do estudo imbricado entre salário, trabalho decente e desenvolvimento aliando ainda a dados estatísticos sobre a evolução do tema e da efetividade dos direitos fundamentais laborais.
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Fernandes, Catarina Marques. "Liderança de empoderamento e trabalho digno." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24511.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O conceito de trabalho digno foi legitimado pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho em 1999, procurando dar resposta a questões no âmbito das políticas internacionais relacionadas com o trabalho. Devido às recentes mudanças no contexto organizacional, a liderança de empoderamento tem adquirido destaque na investigação e na prática. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a relação entre o trabalho digno e a liderança de empoderamento e de que forma as dimensões dos dois conceitos se associam. Os dados foram recolhidos através de dois questionários, o Decent Work Questionnaire e o Empowering Leadership Questionnaire, aplicados a 901 trabalhadores portugueses. Os dados foram analisados através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, cujos resultados indicaram que as correlações no geral são elevadas e que a dimensão Princípios e valores fundamentais no trabalho do trabalho digno e as dimensões Participação na tomada de decisão, Coaching e Demonstração de preocupação/interação com a equipa pertencentes à liderança de empoderamento são as que apresentam as correlações mais elevadas. Estes resultados demonstram a associação entre trabalho digno e a liderança de empoderamento, sugerindo que são conceitos com forte relação, embora distintos entre si;Empowering Leardership and Decent Work
Abstract:
The concept of decent work was legitimized by the International Labor Organization in 1999, seeking to address issues in international labor-related policies. Due to recent changes in the organizational context, empowering leadership has gained prominence in research and practice. The aim of the present study is to analyze the relationship between decent work and empowering leadership and how the dimensions of the two concepts are associated. Data were collected through two questionnaires, the Decent Work Questionnaire and the Empowering Leadership Questionnaire, applied to 901 Portuguese workers. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, whose results indicated that the correlations are generally high and that the dimension Principles and fundamental values in decent work work and the dimensions Participation in decision making, Coaching and Demonstration of concern / interaction with the team belonging to the empowering leadership are those with the highest correlations. These results demonstrate the association between decent work and empowering leadership, suggesting that these concepts are strongly related, although different from each other.
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Azevedo, Neto Platon Teixeira de. "O trabalho decente como direito humano: por uma fundamentação teórica com base no pós-positivismo jurídico." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4095.
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This dissertation aims to analyze human rights towards decent work in the light of the legal post-positivism, carrying out a theoretical and practical research. The study encompasses the notion of working in an interdisciplinary context involving a historic route, a philosophical consideration and a legal sense of the value of work. It also contemplates the various meanings of the term “work”, including the antiquated association to punishment and suffering and also to move towards an idea linked to dignity, currently being an instrument for the understanding of the human essence itself, especially since the connection is now inseparable, and therefore, the term “decent”. In this context, decent work is examined from the viewpoint of human rights, including the quotation of international standards which outlines the scope of that concept. It is formulated, still, a classification containing a list of negative assumptions (cast of obstacles defined by the International Labor Organization to the achievement of an initial threshold for a minimally decent job) and some positive requirements (elements that need to compose the employment relationship in order to reach a really decent job). And finally, from the concept that decent work should be treated as a hard case, an examination is made from some judicial decisions dealing with issues related to decent work, theoretically based mainly from the works of Ronald Dworkin and Robert Alexy. Thus, one attains a double purpose: to contribute to the academic discussion and to serve as input to the jurisprudential debate about the subject.
A presente dissertação objetiva analisar o direito humano ao trabalho decente à luz do póspositivismo jurídico, por meio de uma investigação teórico-prática. O estudo abarca a noção de trabalho num contexto interdisciplinar, envolvendo um percurso histórico, uma reflexão filosófica e o sentido jurídico do valor trabalho. Contempla as várias acepções do termo trabalho, inclusive a ultrapassada associação ao castigo e ao sofrimento e a evolução para uma ideia ligada à dignidade, sendo instrumento atualmente para a realização da própria essência humana, sobretudo a partir da ligação, agora indissociável, ao termo decente. Nesse contexto, o trabalho decente é examinado a partir da ótica dos direitos humanos, incluindo a citação das normas internacionais que enunciam o alcance do referido conceito. É formulada, ainda, uma classificação contendo um rol de pressupostos negativos (elenco de obstáculos definidos pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho ao atingimento de um patamar inicial para um trabalho minimamente decente) e alguns requisitos positivos (elementos que precisam compor a relação laboral para o alcance de um trabalho realmente decente). E, por fim, a partir da concepção de que o trabalho decente deve ser encarado como um hard case, é feito um exame de algumas decisões judiciais que tratam de assuntos ligados ao trabalho decente, tendo como referencial teórico, principalmente, as obras de Ronald Dworkin e Robert Alexy. Alcança-se, assim, o duplo propósito: de contribuir para o colóquio acadêmico e de servir como contributo ao debate jurisprudencial acerca do tema.
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Rocha, Gabriel da. "Trabalho digno e práticas de recrutamento e seleção: análise documental dos relatórios da ACNUR (1951 – 2018)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo deste estudo é descrever e caracterizar o conteúdo dos relatórios anuais
e complementos do Alto Comissariado para os Refugiados das Nações Unidas (ACNUR)
relativamente à prática de recrutamento e seleção, tendo em conta o conceito de trabalho
digno. Assim, os 132 relatórios anuais e complementos da ACNUR produzidos entre os
anos de 1951 e 2018 constituíram os dados analisados através de análise documental. Os
resultados mostram que nas políticas e práticas de Recrutamento e Seleção algumas das
sete dimensões do Trabalho Digno estão presentes explícita ou implicitamente nos
documentos, estando outras ausentes. O “tempo e carga de trabalho adequados”,
“trabalho realizante e produtivo” e “remuneração significativa para o exercício da
cidadania”, quando relacionadas com o recrutamento e seleção, são dimensões distantes
da realidade dos refugiados e do seu contexto de vulnerabilidade. As dimensões com
maior número de registros no estudo são “oportunidades”, sendo essa relacionada com a
criação de oportunidades de trabalho; “princípios e valores fundamentais no trabalho”,
com objetivo de garantir igualdade de direito no trabalho entre refugiados e nacionais; e
por fim, a “proteção social” e a “saúde e segurança”, ainda em menor grau de
representatividade, porém importante nesse contexto de sobrevivência e busca de
autonomia. Devido à situação de vulnerabilidade psicológica, social e econômica dos
refugiados identificada no estudo, compreende-se a ênfase na urgência de oportunidades
de trabalho e no respeito de princípios e valores fundamentais. O estudo realizado
evidencia o muito que ainda há a fazer relativamente às questões nele analisadas; Decent work and recruitment and selection practices: Documentary
analysis of UNHCR reports (1951 - 2018)
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study is to describe and characterize the content of the annual
reports and supplements of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) regarding the practice of recruitment and selection, taking into account the
concept of decent work. Thus, 132 UNHCR annual reports and supplements produced
between the years 1951 and 2018 constituted the data analyzed through documentary
analysis. The results show that in the Recruitment and Selection policies and practices
some of the seven dimensions of Decent Work are present explicitly or implicitly in the
documents, while others are absent. “Adequate time and workload”, “productive and
productive work” and “significant remuneration for the exercise of citizenship”, when
related to recruitment and selection, are dimensions that are distant from the reality of
refugees and their context of vulnerability. The dimensions with the highest number of
records in the study are “opportunities”, which is related to the creation of job
opportunities; “Fundamental principles and values at work”, with the objective of
guaranteeing equal rights at work between refugees and nationals; and finally, “social
protection” and “health and safety”, even to a lesser degree of representativeness, but
important in this context of survival and the search for autonomy. Due to the situation of
psychological, social and economic vulnerability of refugees identified in the study, the
emphasis on the urgency of job opportunities and respect for fundamental principles and
values can be understood. The study carried out shows how much remains to be done
regarding the issues analyzed in it.
42
Nese, Cristiana Eugenia. "Mundo globalizado e trabalho digno: realidade ou utopia." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2015. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1225.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the application of the constitutional principle of human dignity in the current legal relations between employees and employers. The globalization of the economy, the inversion of values, lack of ideological traditions brought by fluid modernity as understood by Zygmunt Bauman , directly affect the relations between capital and labor. The holders of economic power became more demanding and labor, by circumstances, more submissive. Given this perspective, we see the " commodification " of human being by capitalism. In this area will be analyzed, the use of slave labor analogous to slavery and contemporary slavery, that regardless of the nomenclature adopted, any of the three mentioned practices are reprehensible and should be hard fought, pointing out the constitutional principle of human dignity essential core of human rights, such as limiting these atrocities . Throughout the research objective is to reflect the application of the constitutional principle of human dignity in labor relations on a globalized world, as a way to combat inhumane or degrading practices that still exist in our country work under a critical eye on attempt that such practices are permanently banned from our system. Thus it tries to stimulate the discussion on this pressing topic that is essential not only to those involved in Human Rights, but the whole society in search of new options for decent development. The method of reasoning and approach of this study was developed based on documentary and bibliographic research , using the hypothetical- deductive method as the main , historical and statistical methods as auxiliary.
O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é o de analisar a aplicação do princípio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana nas relações jurídicas atuais entre empregados e empregadores. A globalização da economia, a inversão de valores, a falta de tradições ideológicas trazidas pela modernidade flúida, tal como compreendida por Zygmunt Bauman, afetam diretamente as relações entre o capital e o trabalho. Os detentores do poder econômico ficaram mais exigente e o trabalho, pelas circunstâncias, mais submisso. Diante desta perspectiva verifica-se a “coisificação” do ser humano pelo capitalismo. Nesta seara analisar-se-á a utilização de trabalho escravo, análogo à escravo e escravidão contemporânea, que independentemente da nomenclatura adotada, quaisquer das três práticas referidas são condenáveis e devem ser arduamente combatidas, ressalvando-se o princípio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana, núcleo essencial dos direitos humanos, como limitador dessas atrocidades. Ao longo da pesquisa objetiva-se refletir a aplicação do princípio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana nas relações de trabalho diante um mundo globalizado, como forma de combate às práticas desumanas ou degradantes de trabalho ainda existentes em nosso país, sob um olhar crítico, na tentativa de que tais práticas sejam definitivamente banidas de nosso sistema. Com isso intenta-se estimular a discussão inadiável sobre esse tema que é imprescindível não apenas aos envolvidos na área de Direitos Humanos, mas a toda sociedade em busca de novas opções para um desenvolvimento digno. O método de raciocínio e abordagem deste trabalho foi desenvolvido com base na pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, utilizando-se do método hipotético-dedutivo como principal e dos métodos históricos e estatísticos como auxiliares.
43
Gamba, Juliane Caravieri Martins. "O parlamento do MERCOSUL e os direitos sociais trabalhistas no contexto do regionalismo do século XXI." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1295.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-01Universidade de Brasília
MERCOSUR has assumed, in its origin, a more commercial feature, facing the challenge of its conversion into a common market with the implementation of free movement of goods, services, capital and people. On movement of persons are included consumers and workers that have rights to be protected by standard regulations, which are still absent. These issues go beyond the purely commercial aspects involving the partners in the block. It is necessary to go further and create supranational institutions. Thus, the MERCOSUR Parliament (PARLASUL) was created, in 2005, in order to be an independent and autonomous representative body of the people, and became a member of the block s institutional structure. However, there are many difficulties to overcome, because, even with the legally constituted PARLASUL, decisions in MERCOSUR can only be taken by consensus of all its State Parties. There is no immediate and direct application of law originated in the integration into its internal legal orders, and that is hampering the consolidation of a Community Law. However, the creation of the PARLASUL demonstrates the combined efforts for the achievement of a political representation in MERCOSUR, in order to encourage citizenship and civil society participation. In this context, it has still to be investigated whether the PARLASUL will contribute to the effectiveness of the labor and social rights in face of the current trend of consolidation of a constitutional right that protrudes beyond the State, beyond its borders.
O MERCOSUL assumiu, em sua origem, uma feição mais comercial com o desafio de sua conversão em mercado comum através da implantação de livre circulação de bens, serviços, capitais e pessoas. Na circulação de pessoas estão incluídos consumidores e trabalhadores que possuem direitos a serem protegidos através de normas comuns ainda ausentes no bloco. Essas questões extrapolam o aspecto puramente comercial que envolve os parceiros do bloco, sendo necessário se avançar mais na criação de instituições supranacionais. Assim, o Parlamento do MERCOSUL (PARLASUL) foi criado, em 2005, para ser um órgão de representação dos povos, independente e autônomo, integrante da estrutura institucional do bloco. Porém, há muitas dificuldades a serem superadas, pois, mesmo estando juridicamente constituído o PARLASUL, as decisões no MERCOSUL somente podem ser tomadas mediante o consenso de todos os Estados-partes e não há aplicação imediata e direta do direito originário da integração em suas ordens jurídicas internas, dificultando a consolidação no bloco de um Direito Comunitário. Entretanto, a criação do PARLASUL demonstra a conjugação de esforços para a concretização de uma representação política no MERCOSUL no intuito de incentivar a cidadania e a participação da sociedade civil. Nesse contexto, é preciso investigar se o PARLASUL contribuirá para a efetividade dos direitos sociais trabalhistas em face da tendência atual de consolidação de um Direito Constitucional que se projeta além do Estado, ultrapassando suas fronteiras.
44
Cortes, Diego Leon Rios. "As cooperativas de trabalho associado à luz dos postulados do trabalho decente: estudo de caso Brasil - Colômbia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-27062011-083803/.
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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral descrever o tipo de trabalho oferecido por duas Cooperativas de Trabalho Associado à luz do conceito de Trabalho Decente postulado pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho. Com este intuito, se buscou descrever o conceito de flexibilidade na produção, as modalidades que esta apresenta, bem como a precarização das condições no trabalho que gera. Posteriormente, se apresenta o cooperativismo, e em especial as Cooperativas de Trabalho Associado CTAs- como alternativa para contrabalancear a flexibilização do mercado de trabalho. Na seqüência, se expõe o conceito de Trabalho Decente como ferramenta que permite identificar a existência de precariedade no trabalho, e seu instrumento para a análise do nível micro. Os dados desta pesquisa foram coletados e sistematizados sob a ótica do Trabalho Decente, cuja diretriz se fundamenta nos sete tipos de segurança indicados pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho. A investigação teve como eixo principal o estudo de caso de duas cooperativas de Trabalho Associado nas cidades de Medellín Colômbia- e São Paulo Brasil. Foi uma investigação de tipo descritiva, com dados coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e aplicação da Pesquisa de Segurança das Pessoas ESP. Com relação ao tipo de trabalho exercido em ambas as cooperativas analisadas, dada a heterogeneidade dos resultados, conclui-se pela impossibilidade de se afirmar de maneira categórica de tratar-se de Trabalho Decente ou Precário, sendo necessária uma conclusão específica para cada um dos tipos de segurança.The general objective of this research is to describe the sort of work offered by two associated work cooperatives under the concept of Decent Labor proposed by the International Labor Organization. With this intention, we want to describe de concept of flexibility in production and the existing modalities to the cooperativism, especially the Associated Labor Cooperatives -ALC- as an alternative for balancing the flexibilization of the labor market. Therefore, the concept of labor is presented as a tool that helps us to identify the existence of precariousness in the work and as an instrument for analysis at the micro level. The collected data was processed and presented under the perspective of decent labor, whose guideline is based on the seven types of safety identified by the International Labor Organization. The core of this research was the study case of two Associated Work Cooperatives in the cities of Medellin, Colombia, and Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was a descriptive investigation with data collected through Bibliographic research and application of the People\'s Security Survey -PSS-. Regarding type of labor in both of the analyzed cooperatives, and given the heterogeneity of the results, we conclude the impossibility to affirm categorically whether it is a decent or precarious work, since is necessary a specific conclusion for each kind of security.
45
Benedito, Alessandra. "Igualdade e diversidade no trabalho da mulher negra: superando obstáculos por meio do trabalho decente." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1241.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-05The object of this Dissertation is the study of the conditions of the black woman job in Brazil and the mechanisms that are necessary to overcome the inequalities that were observed. It is because, on the last years, the studies about the woman job are being developed because of the intensive incorporation of the feminine workforce on the job market and because the discriminatory practices linked with that incorporation, fact that can be easily checked out with the analyze of the statistics data showed by the responsible organisms for the official researches in Brazil. These elements revel that the black women workers are on the last degree on the social and economical scale, facing discriminatory practices because of the race and gender. Although the existence of the statistics, the specifics studies about the black woman job are rare, while they must be done, because the inclusion process of they is happening on conditions extremely unequal if did the comparison with the others workers groups. To conclude this, it is enough observe characteristics like job market inclusion, revenue, growth opportunities and job quality. The Brazilian juridical order and the international normative provide equal treatment among all of people, men, women, white or black, on work environment, forbidding discrimination. However, it is not enough to establish the real gender isonomy at work. So, it is a challenge for all social actors, specially the State, the employers, workers and the trade union, as assure the International Labour Organization, determine pipelines that can come true the material equality: the equality on the access opportunity, permanence and possibilities to grow up at the job market, without any kind of discrimination into sex or race. For it, it is necessary the materialization of the decent work, that is the same of dignity conditions, opportunity and equality.
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo estudar as condições de trabalho da mulher negra no Brasil e os mecanismos necessários para superar as desigualdades constatadas. Isto porque, nos últimos anos, os estudos sobre o trabalho da mulher têm aumentado em virtude da intensidade da incorporação da mão-de-obra feminina no mercado de trabalho e também devido às características discriminatórias de tal incorporação, fato que pode ser facilmente constatado por meio da análise dos índices estatísticos apresentados por órgãos responsáveis pelas pesquisas oficiais no Brasil. Tais dados demonstram que as trabalhadoras negras estão localizadas no último degrau da escala socioeconômica, enfrentando discriminações em razão de raça e gênero. Apesar de existirem dados estatísticos, os estudos específicos sobre o trabalho da mulher negra ainda são raros, enquanto deveriam ser realizados, pois o processo de inserção da mulher negra acontece em condições extremamente desiguais em relação aos demais grupos de trabalhadores. Para chegar a tal conclusão basta observar características como a inserção no mercado de trabalho, rendimentos, oportunidade de crescimento e qualidade do emprego. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e a legislação internacional trazem previsão expressa da obrigação de tratar todas as pessoas, homens, mulheres, brancos e negros, de forma igualitária nas relações de trabalho, proibindo com isso qualquer forma de discriminação. No entanto, estabelecer na legislação a igualdade entre homens e mulheres não é suficiente para que se estabeleça a verdadeira isonomia no trabalho desenvolvido por todas as pessoas. Desse modo, apresenta-se como um desafio para todos os atores sociais, em especial para o Estado, os empregadores, os empregados e entidades sindicais, como afirma a Organização Internacional do Trabalho, estabelecer condutas que viabilizem a igualdade material: a igualdade de oportunidade no acesso, na permanência e nas possibilidades de ascensão no mercado de trabalho para todos, sem qualquer distinção de sexo ou raça. Para tanto, faz-se necessária a concretização do trabalho decente, que se traduz em condições de dignidade, oportunidade e igualdade.
46
Campos, Mariana Paulino de. "Percepção do trabalho numa amostra de jovens pouco qualificados." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numa sociedade da informação e globalizada, cada vez mais há a necessidade de aprendizagem ao longo da vida para garantir trabalho de melhor qualidade. Para muitos jovens adultos, não é possível devido a obstáculos como marginalização, abandono escolar, dificuldades económicas e entrada precoce no mercado de trabalho, que podem influenciar as suas expetativas para o futuro. Deste modo, e tendo em conta que uma das características fundamentais para a promoção do trabalho digno é a forma como o indivíduo perceciona a sua experiência individual no trabalho, o objetivo deste estudo é conhecer quais as perceções do trabalho em jovens com poucas qualificações. O estudo envolveu uma amostra de 10 participantes, entre os 18 e os 24 anos, inseridos no mercado de trabalho à cerca de 6 meses. O instrumento utilizado baseou-se nos critérios do método de Photovoice, e foram também realizadas entrevistas individuais a partir de um guia de entrevista semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados através do método Consensual Qualitative Research. Os resultados evidenciaram que, para os jovens adultos, o convívio com colegas e o desenvolvimento profissional são as categorias que mais representam dignidade no trabalho. Por outro lado, a desvalorização, a carga laboral e a monotonia representam os aspetos menos dignos do trabalho; Abstract:
In an information driven and globalized society, there is an increasing need for lifelong learning to ensure better quality work. For many young adults, this is not possible, due to obstacles such as marginalization, exclusion from education, economic constraints and early engagement in work, which can influence their prospects in the future. With that said and considering that one of the fundamental characteristics for the promotion of decent work is the way one perceives its individual experience at work, the aim of this study is to find out what young adults with low qualifications perceive of work. The study involved a sample of 10 participants, between 18 and 24 years old, inserted in the labor market for at least 6 months. The instruments used were centered on the criteria from the Photovoice method, also, individual interviews were conducted through use of a semi- structured interview guide. The data was analyzed relying on the method of Consensual Qualitative Research. Subsequently, the results were interpreted in the light of the theoretical model of the Psychology of Working Theory. The results show that colleague interaction and professional development are the most representative categories of decent work for young adults. On the other hand, downgrade, workload and monotony represent the least decent aspects of work for young adults.
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Sugahara, Claudemir Ramos da Silva. "Desenvolvimento sustentável e empregos verdes no Brasil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9134.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-15This research discusses the relationship between development and environ-ment, aiming to define and quantify the Green Jobs in Brazil. In order to achieve this goal, concepts of development and sustainable development were approached and politics for implementation of strategies for environmentally sustainable growth were presented. It was also observed that, tied to the notion of "development", the notion of "sustainability" redefines the former one, even implying a change in the pre-analytic vision of the economy. In fact, the green economy needs the scale of the traditional economy resizing it as a subsystem of a larger system, namely the envi-ronment, which leads to the discussion of a sustainable economy. All these argu-ments are based on analysis of the results of Agenda 21, a document that would have officially started the discussion of economic sustainability as a practice of gov-ernment policies in Brazil. According to ILO (International Labor Organization), the term ''green jobs'' refers to occupations that both promote economic progress and contribute to the restoration of environmental quality. This term comprises occupa-tions that help protect the flora and fauna, and also reduce the consumption of ener-gy, natural resources and water, minimizing the impacts that nature has suffered over the centuries by the process of transformation of factors of production into goods and services . The classification of green jobs also requires decent work, which is sup-ported by worker‟s achievements in the social protection of labor and wages as well as in safe working conditions and labor rights. To introduce and to subsume Green Jobs in Brazil, the best data about jobs are provided by RAIS. Finally, we discussed ways to green jobs in the world and Brazil departing from the alternatives of energy supply and investments in alternative energy in the world and in Brazil, forestry activi-ties and going through buildings, transportation, basic industries, food and agricul-ture. The final remarks attempts to point out ways that would minimize the conflicts that distinguish and limit the classifications surrounding the green jobs, making them impenetrable islands in the Brazilian economic scenario
Esta pesquisa discute a relação entre desenvolvimento e meio ambiente, com o intuito de definir e quantificar os Empregos Verdes no Brasil. A fim de se alcançar esse objetivo, levantaram-se os conceitos de desenvolvimento e de desenvolvi-mento sustentável; são também apresentadas algumas políticas de implantação de estratégias de crescimento ambiental sustentável. Observa-se também que, ligada à noção de desenvolvimento , a noção de sustentabilidade rede-fine a primeira, e, até mesmo, implica uma mudança na visão pré-analítica da economia. De fato, a economia ecológica precisa da escala da economia tradicional redimensionando-a como subsistema de um sistema maior, justamente o do meio ambiente, o que leva à discussão de uma economia sustentável. Todos esses argumentos são fundados na análise dos resultados da Agenda 21 brasileira, documento que oficialmente teria iniciado a discussão da sustentabilidade econômica como prática de políticas governamentais no Brasil. Segundo a OIT, o termo ''Empregos Verdes'' se refere às profissões que, ao mesmo tempo em que promovem o progresso econômico, contribuem com a restauração da qualidade do meio ambiente. Abrange as ocupações que ajudam a proteger a flora, a fauna e reduzem o consumo de energia, de recursos naturais e de água, minimizando os impactos que a natureza vem sofrendo ao longo dos séculos pelo processo de trans-formação dos fatores de produção em bens e serviços. A classificação de emprego verde pressupõe ainda o trabalho decente, amparado nas conquistas pela proteção social do trabalho, com salários adequados, condições seguras de trabalho e direitos trabalhistas. Para apresentar e classificar os Empregos Verdes no Brasil, a RAIS é que melhor fornece dados sobre os empregos no país. Finalmente, são abordadas as formas de Empregos Verdes no mundo e no Brasil, tratando desde as alternativas de oferta de energia e os investimentos em energia alternativa no mundo e no Brasil, às atividades silvícolas, passando pelas edificações, transporte, indústrias de base e alimentos e agricultura. Nas considerações finais, tenta-se apontar caminhos que diminuam os embates que distinguem e limitam as classificações que cercam os Empregos Verdes, tornando-os ilhas intransponíveis no panorama econômico brasileiro
48
Stuchi, Victor Hugo Nazário. "Trabalho decente." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8658.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-19Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The choice of the theme for this Dissertation Decent Work has arisen from the certainty that every worker has the fundamental right a work clerked in the same conditions. Therefore, considered to be the decent work as a productive and adequately remunerated work, performed in conditions of freedom, equity, and security without any form of discrimination, and able to guarantee a dignified life for all people living in their work. The possibility of being able to reach an ideal decent work is captured in four strategic objectives: employment and income opportunities for men and women, fundamental principles and rights standards; extension of the social protection and social security; and promotion of the social dialogue. To develop the theme, discussing the history of human labor and labor law, examining the context in which the International Labor Organization was created. Also, look through the study of national and foreign doctrine the concept of decent work, discusses its characteristics. Finally, address the effectiveness of the theme. We hope that this work may contribute to better study, development and implementation of decent work
A escolha do tema da presente dissertação Trabalho Decente surgiu a partir da convicção de que todo trabalhador tem o direito fundamental ao trabalho. Para tanto, analisou-se o trabalho decente como um trabalho produtivo, remunerado de forma digna e exercido em condições de liberdade, eqüidade, e segurança, sem quaisquer formas de discriminação, e capaz de garantir uma vida digna a todas as pessoas que vivem de seu trabalho. A possibilidade de se atingir o ideal de um trabalho decente é substanciado em quatro objetivos estratégicos: criação de emprego de qualidade para homens e mulheres, respeito aos princípios e direitos fundamentais no trabalho, extensão da proteção social e promoção e fortalecimento do diálogo social. Para o desenvolvimento do tema, analisamos o histórico do trabalho humano e do Direito do Trabalho, verificando o contexto em que a Organização Internacional do Trabalho foi criada. Além disso, examinamos através do estudo de doutrina nacional e estrangeirada o conceito de trabalho decente, discorrendo sobre suas particularidades. Por fim, abordamos a efetividade do tema. Esperamos que o presente trabalho possa contribuir para o melhor estudo, desenvolvimento e aplicação do trabalho decente
49
Silva, Helena Maria de Sousa Gomes da. "Implementação e certificação pela NP 4552:2016 - Sistema de gestão da conciliação entre a vida profissional, familiar e pessoal na administração dos portos de Sines e do Algarve, SA (APS)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabalho de projeto pretende responder ao problema do impacto na APS-Administração dos Portos de Sines e do Algarve, S.A., da implementação de um Sistema de Gestão da Conciliação.
A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral criar um Sistema de Gestão da Conciliação e como objetivo específico elaborar um Programa de Conciliação, atendendo aos domínios da Norma Portuguesa 4552:2016, boas práticas laborais, apoio profissional e desenvolvimento pessoal, e serviços e benefícios.
Recorreu-se ao método estudo de caso e a metodologias qualitativas através da observação e análise documental, e quantitativas através de inquéritos por questionário.
Concluiu-se que a empresa é de risco baixo quanto ao bem-estar no trabalho o que lhe dá uma posição competitiva, de risco médio quanto a riscos no trabalho, o que é um alerta, já que influência a produtividade, e tem em prática medidas de conciliação, valorizadas em média em 97,71%, numa escala de 0% a 100%; Abstract
The implementation and certification of the standard NP 4552: 2016 – The Conciliation Management System related to Work Life Balance in APS
This project work aims to answer the problem of the implementation of a Conciliation Management System and its impact on the APS-Administration of Sines and Algarve’s Ports, S.A.
The research had as general objective to create a Conciliation Management System and a specific aim to elaborate a Conciliation Programme, taking into account the domains of Portuguese Standard 4552: 2016, good work practices, professional support and personal development, as well as services and benefits.
The case study method and qualitative methodologies have been applied through observation and documentary analysis, as well as quantitative methodologies through questionnaire surveys.
It has been concluded that the company has a low risk regarding well-being at work, which gives it a competitive position, medium risk regarding risks at work, which is a warning, therefore it influences productivity, and has practical measures regarding reconciliation, valued at an average at 97.71%, on a scale from 0% to 100%.
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Cabral, Monara Michelly de Oliveira. "Relação jornada de trabalho e trabalho decente: entre a eficácia econômica e o retrocesso social." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4388.
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This work is concerned about the study of the proposed reduction in working hours without reducing wages as viable as the embodiment of the dignity of the worker, as well as a way of contributing to economic progress, this coupled with the social value of the work. For the development of this mostly qualitative research, it was used a dialectical method to approach the topic. As methods of procedure, were used historical and interpretive methods. It was undertaken as a research technique the indirect documentation, through bibliographic research. In a context of exploitation of the human labor by capital, where the question of labor time is a highlight, there is a necessity of labor relations humanization. In order to protect human dignity by achieving the fundamental rights of workers, it is important the request in reduction of the journey. It is claimed that the implementation of the measure promotes the worker life quality, allowing free time for leisure, family life, relax, professional qualification, and presents itself as an effective alternative to avoid unemployment. The topic is quite controversial, resulting in a true divergence between antagonistic forces of opposite social groups, with workers at one side, vindicating the right to a decent work with appropriate journey, that assure the protection of their physical and psychological integrity. On the other hand, there are the employers, who are against the implementation of the reduction, and allege negative economic impacts for their activities, and consequent loss of competitiveness due to increased social costs. Other countries experiences show that the implementation of the measure has not achieved the desired results as the creation of new jobs, but also did not cause economic backwardness. For the proposal to reduce the journey obtain succeed it is necessary that it be implemented by law and establishes limitations on work intensification and the overtime uses, because those mechanisms prevent the new signings and, consequently, undermine the advances in unemployment combat. The reduction of the working day is shown as an appropriate way to achieve human dignity, because the limited working hours, fair and reduced, provides the worker quality of life and enables its full development in the community in which he lives. This measure also provides positive results for the labor market and the economy, especially when it is implemented without salary reduction, which allows increasing the purchasing power of workers that are also consumers. The implementation of the measure is an important step towards the harmonization of economic and social values, revealing as an able way to put the economy on behalf of man.
O presente trabalho volta-se ao estudo da proposta de redução da jornada de trabalho sem redução de salários como medida viável à concretização da dignidade do trabalhador e meio de contribuir para o progresso econômico, este aliado à valorização social do trabalho. Para a realização da pesquisa, de natureza basicamente qualitativa, foi utilizado método dialético para abordagem do tema. Como métodos de procedimento foram utilizados os métodos histórico e interpretativo. Foi empreendida como técnica de pesquisa a documentação indireta, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Em um contexto de exploração do trabalho humano pelo capital, onde a questão do tempo do trabalho ocupa lugar de destaque, surge a necessidade de humanização das relações de trabalho. No intuito de proteger a dignidade humana através da concretização dos direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores, encontra-se a demanda pela redução da jornada de trabalho. Alega-se que a implantação da medida promove a qualidade de vida do trabalhador, proporcionando-lhe tempo livre para o lazer, convívio familiar, descanso, qualificação profissional e se apresenta como medida eficaz de combate ao desemprego. O tema é bastante polêmico, traduzindo-se num verdadeiro embate entre forças de grupos sociais antagônicos, estando de um lado os trabalhadores, reivindicando o direito a uma jornada decente de trabalho, que lhes assegure a proteção à sua integridade física e psíquica, e de outro, os empregadores, que contrários à implantação da medida alegam impactos econômicos negativos para suas atividades e consequente perda de competitividade, devido ao aumento de custos sociais. As experiências de alguns países revelam que a implementação da medida não alcançou os resultados pretendidos quanto à criação de postos de trabalho, mas também não provocou retrocesso econômico. Para a proposta de redução da jornada de trabalho ter êxito é necessário que seja implementada por lei e ainda que estabeleça limitações quanto à intensificação do trabalho e utilização de horas extras, pois tais mecanismos evitam as novas contratações e, consequentemente, comprometem os avanços no combate ao desemprego. A redução da jornada de trabalho se mostra como um meio adequado para concretização da dignidade humana, tendo em vista que a jornada de trabalho limitada, justa, reduzida proporciona ao trabalhador qualidade de vida e possibilita o seu desenvolvimento pleno na comunidade em que vive. Tal medida também proporciona resultados positivos para o mercado de trabalho e para a economia, sobretudo quando é implementada sem redução salarial, o que possibilita o aumento do poder aquisitivo dos trabalhadores que também são consumidores. A implantação da medida constitui um importante passo em direção à harmonização de valores econômicos e sociais, revelando-se como medida apta a colocar a economia em favor do homem.