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Niidome, Takuro. "Remote control of drug delivery mediated by ultrasound, magnetic field, thermal neutrons, light, and electric current." Drug Delivery System 36, no. 3 (July 25, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2745/dds.36.159.
Повний текст джерела
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Vieira, José António Barros, and Alexandre Manuel Mota. "A High-Performance Stand-Alone Solar PV Power System for LED Lighting." ISRN Renewable Energy 2013 (July 14, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/573919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents new improvements and real result of a stand-alone photovoltaic power system for LED lighting that was developed previously. The actual system, during day, charges a lead acid battery using MPPT algorithm for power transfer optimization, and, during night, it supervises battery discharge and controls the current in the power LED array. The improvements are in hardware and software. The hardware was simplified using only one DC/DC converter and only one microcontroller making it more efficient. The system board uses an ATMEL ATTINY861V microcontroller, a single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC), and sensors to read input and output voltages and currents to control all system. The software improvements are made in the battery charging algorithm, battery discharging algorithm, and in current control of the power LED array adjusting the light intensity. Moreover, results are presented showing the balance of energy in a period of 24 hours: first results of the MPPT algorithm in bulk battery charge phase and then the over battery charge phase, both in a sunny day. The power LED current control results are also presented showing a very small error. It turns off at 00 : 00 at each day to reduce the waste of energy. Finally, the balance of energy is studied and presented to help the right projection of the PV power panel needed and the necessary battery capacity.
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Schackow, T. E., R. S. Decker, and R. E. Ten Eick. "Electrophysiology of adult cat cardiac ventricular myocytes: changes during primary culture." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 268, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): C1002—C1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.4.c1002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To investigate the nature of electrophysiological changes in adult cat cardiac ventricular myocytes that may occur when cells are maintained in primary culture for 1-2 wk, the electrophysiology of cells freshly isolated from collagenase-perfused hearts (day 0 controls) was compared with that of cells maintained in primary culture for up to 14 days 1) on a two-dimensional (2D) surface (laminin-coated coverslips), which allowed for changes in cellular morphology, or 2) in a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix, which minimized changes in cell shape. Action potentials and whole cell ionic currents were recorded using a conventional whole cell patch technique. Whereas cellular resting potential and the depth of the "notch" terminating phase 1 were diminished relative to controls in 2D- and 3D-cultured cells, the action potential duration and the incidence of early afterdepolarizations (EADs) were increased relative to controls in 2D- but not in 3D-cultured cells. Corresponding alterations in whole cell ionic currents included a 40% reduction in inwardly rectifying K current (IK1) conductance (GK1) and a 90% reduction in transient outward K current (Ito) conductance (Gto) in 2D- and 3D-cultured cells relative to day 0 controls and a 50% increase in L-type Ca current (ICa-L) conductance (GCa-L) in 2D-cultured cells relative to 3D-cultured cells and day 0 controls. The reduction in Gto in long-term culture was half-maximal by days 7 and 8 and could not be attributed to reduced Ito availability, involvement of a noninactivating Ito, the cell culture procedure itself, or the presence of serum in the culture media. Gto was larger in day 0 cells from a heart with right ventricular hypertrophy than in day 0 normal control cells and was reduced subsequent to placement of cells in 3D culture for 19 days. The results suggest that long-term culture and change in cellular morphology can affect the electrophysiology of cardiac ventricular myocytes.
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Hajinezhad, Mohammad Reza, Shaghayegh Hajian Shahri, Abbas Rahdar, and Hojjat Zamanian. "Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Changes in Lead-Intoxicated Rats." Disease and Diagnosis 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2020.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against lead acetate-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated simultaneously, except for the normal control, for 5 weeks with lead acetate in drinking water (1000 mg/L). Control rats and negative control rats received saline intraperitoneally. At the same time, the third group was treated with intraperitoneal injections of CeNPs at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg 1 week before lead administration, and continued with its administration. Finally, serum was obtained by the conventional methods and rats were sacrificed to obtain liver, heart, testis, and kidney tissue for histopathological examinations. Results: The lead-treated group showed significant increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.01). Lead-intoxicated rats treated with CeNPs showed a significant decrease in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), AST, and ALT levels compared to the untreated negative control group (P<0.01). The histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues showed signs of lead-induced injuries, necrotic hepatocytes, and glomerulosclerosis. The CeNPs-treated group showed noticeable reductions in histopathological signs of lead-induced injuries. Lipid peroxidation levels were also lower in CeNPs-treated rats than negative controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current experimental study proved the protective effects of CeNPs in rats exposed to chronic lead-induced toxicity; however, more experiments are required to evaluate the possible side effects and interactions.
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Schackow, T. E., M. F. Sheets, R. S. Decker, and R. E. Ten Eick. "Alteration of the sodium current in cat cardiac ventricular myocytes during primary culture." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 268, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): C993—C1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.4.c993.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To determine the response of cardiac Na current (INa) in adult cardiac ventricular myocytes to culture, single isolated ventricular myocytes from collagenase-perfused adult cat hearts were placed in primary culture for up to 2 wk on a two-dimensional (2D) surface (laminin-coated coverslips), which allowed the morphology of the myocytes to change markedly, or in a three-dimensional matrix (3D) of alginate, in which cell shape changed only minimally. Action potentials and INa were recorded from groups of 1) freshly isolated myocytes serving as the control (day 0),2) cells maintained in 2D culture for 9-14 days (2D, day 9-14), and 3) cells cultured in alginate for 9-14 days (3D, day 9-14) with use of a conventional whole cell patch technique. Maximal upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the action potential was reduced by approximately 50% in 2D- and 3D-cultured cells relative to controls. INa in 2D- and 3D-cultured cells was strikingly different from that in control myocytes. Half-maximal voltage (V 1/2) for the chord conductance-voltage relationship was shifted approximately 15 mV negatively to that for controls in 2D- and 3D-cultured cells. INa steady-state availability curve also shifted negatively relative to controls in 2D- and 3D-cultured myocytes, but the magnitude of this shift (approximately 16-20 mV) was greater than that for the chord conductance-voltage curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Dang, Khoa, Klaus Bielefeldt, and G. F. Gebhart. "Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis reduces ASIC channel but enhances TRPV1 receptor function in rat bladder sensory neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 2 (July 15, 2013): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00945.2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using patch-clamp techniques, we studied the plasticity of acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) and transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channel function in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons retrogradely labeled from the bladder. Saline (control) or cyclophosphamide (CYP) was given intraperitoneally on days 1, 3, and 5. On day 6, lumbosacral (LS, L6–S2) or thoracolumbar (TL, T13–L2) DRG were removed and dissociated. Bladders and bladder DRG neurons from CYP-treated rats showed signs of inflammation (greater myeloperoxidase activity; lower intramuscular wall pH) and increased size (whole cell capacitance), respectively, compared with controls. Most bladder neurons (>90%) responded to protons and capsaicin. Protons produced multiphasic currents with distinct kinetics, whereas capsaicin always triggered a sustained response. The TRPV1 receptor antagonist A-425619 abolished capsaicin-triggered currents and raised the threshold of heat-activated currents. Prolonged exposure to an acidic environment (pH range: 7.2 to 6.6) inhibited proton-evoked currents, potentiated the capsaicin-evoked current, and reduced the threshold of heat-activated currents in LS and TL bladder neurons. CYP treatment reduced density but not kinetics of all current components triggered by pH 5. In contrast, CYP-treatment was associated with an increased current density in response to capsaicin in LS and TL bladder neurons. Correspondingly, heat triggered current at a significantly lower temperature in bladder neurons from CYP-treated rats compared with controls. These results reveal that cystitis differentially affects TRPV1- and ASIC-mediated currents in both bladder sensory pathways. Acidification of the bladder wall during inflammation may contribute to changes in nociceptive transmission mediated through the TRPV1 receptor, suggesting a role for TRPV1 in hypersensitivity associated with cystitis.
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Das, Sanatan, Bikarna Tarafdar, Oluwole Daniel Makinde, and Rabindra Nath Jana. "Rotating Slip Flow in a Shrinking Permeable Channel Considering Hall Current Effects." Defect and Diffusion Forum 387 (September 2018): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.387.534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A mathematical model is proposed to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) slip flow in a shrinking permeable channel to simulate and scrutinize the effects of Hall current in a rotating frame of reference. The lower plate of the channel is shrinking permeable and subjected to uniform suction. The partial differential equations governing the flow are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformation. Numerical computations are performed with the shooting iteration scheme alongside Runge-Kutta fourth-order method. The physical behavior of obtained solution are investigated diagrammatically by considering the effects of various pertinent parameters. Numerical results reveal that an increase in Hall parameter leads to an increase in secondary flow. Results also reveal that rotation and slip at the surface of sheet substantially influence the flow, and control the shear stress.
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Crout, Richard L. "Oil and Gas Platform Ocean Current Profile Data from the Northern Gulf of Mexico." Marine Technology Society Journal 43, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.43.2.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractApproximately 40 deep water oil production platforms and drilling rigs continue to provide real-time current profile data to NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The NDBC receives and quality controls the data and transmits it over the Global Telecommunications System. The NDBC stores the raw binary current profile data where it can be extracted in order to forecast the Loop Current and Loop Eddies for oil and transportation concerns in the Gulf of Mexico and to investigate the oceanography of the northern Gulf of Mexico. After quality control, the NDBC also stores the processed data.In addition to aiding the oil and gas industry to understand and design for the forces in the water column generated by strong currents in the Gulf of Mexico, the three years of ocean profile data show a number of oceanographic phenomena. This paper presents an examination of the Loop Current and associated eddies based on the oil and gas industry data. The high currents of the Loop Current that extend to several hundred meters depth are present and generally impact oil platforms as it moves into the northern Gulf of Mexico. Loop Eddies exhibit many of the same characteristics as the Loop Current, then move into the western Gulf of Mexico to impact oil platforms there before currents diminish. Cyclonic eddies formed from interactions between the Loop Current and topographic or land features are also present. Five-day plots of the current profiles show the passage of eddies. Wind-driven inertial currents propagate throughout the water column in all regions of the Gulf. The current profiles from delayed-mode, bottom-mounted profilers show that hurricane-generated near-inertial currents reach great depths.
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Gao, Wei Zhao, Qing Chao Zhang, Ming Zhong Zheng, and Heng Chao Zhang. "A Control of Homeostasis for Three-Phase Load in Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing asymmetry of the three-phase load, the problem of three-phase imbalance in power system is becoming more serious every day. Asymmetrical three-phase voltages and currents affect the safe and stable operation of the power system.The main direction for solving the problem of unbalanced three-phase power system is reactive power compensation. But in present paper, we demonstrate a new method. First, we load the single-phase load into the phase with smallest current and keep oscillation. Then, considering that system stability requires as small as possible imbalance, so we treat line current as criterion and adjust part load into system phases to reduce the neutral current to a value less action. Thus we can achieve homeostasis of three-phase load. We also have realized it by simulation.
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Dang, Khoa, Kenneth Lamb, Michael Cohen, Klaus Bielefeldt, and G. F. Gebhart. "Cyclophosphamide-Induced Bladder Inflammation Sensitizes and Enhances P2X Receptor Function in Rat Bladder Sensory Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 1 (January 2008): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00211.2007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We studied sensitization of retrogradely labeled bladder sensory neurons and plasticity of P2X receptor function in a model of cystitis using patch-clamp techniques. Saline (control) or cyclophosphamide (CYP) was given intraperitoneally to rats on days 0, 2, and 4. On day 5, lumbosacral (LS, L6–S2) or thoracolumbar (TL, T12–L2) dorsal root ganglia were removed and dissociated. Bladders from CYP-treated rats showed partial loss of the urothelium and greater myeloperoxidase activity compared with controls. Bladder neurons from CYP-treated rats were increased in size (based on whole cell capacitance) compared with controls and exhibited lower activation threshold, increased action potential width, and greater number of action potentials in response to current injection or application of purinergic agonists. Most control LS bladder neurons (>85%) responded to ATP or α,β-metATP with a slowly desensitizing current; these agonists affected only half of TL neurons, producing predominantly fast/mixed desensitizing currents. CYP treatment increased the fraction of TL bladder neurons sensitive to purinergic agonists (>80%) and significantly increased current density in both LS and TL bladder neurons compared with control. Importantly, LS and TL neurons from CYP-treated rats showed a selective increase in the functional expression of heteromeric P2X2/3 and homomeric P2X3 receptors, respectively. Although desensitizing kinetics were slower in LS neurons from CYP-treated compared with control rats, recovery kinetics were similar. The present results demonstrate that bladder inflammation sensitizes and increases P2X receptor expression and/or function for both pelvic and lumbar splanchnic pathways, which contribute, in part, to the hypersensitivity associated with cystitis.
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Chung, J. M., J. R. Huguenard, and D. A. Prince. "Transient enhancement of low-threshold calcium current in thalamic relay neurons after corticectomy." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. The alterations of voltage-sensitive calcium currents produced in thalamic cells by injury were investigated under voltage clamp using patch-clamp recordings in the whole-cell configuration. 2. One day after unilateral cortical ablation in immature rats (postnatal day 7), low-threshold transient calcium (T) currents in acutely isolated thalamic relay neurons (RNs) were increased by 68% compared with contralateral controls (P < 0.001). Three days after the operation, T currents in injured neurons were at 44% of control levels (P < 0.001). On the other hand, high-threshold (L) calcium currents in RNs did not change over the same interval. 3. To investigate the mechanism for the increase of T current, both kinetics and voltage dependency of activation and inactivation were examined. At a test voltage of -40 mV, the activation time constant decreased from 4.1 to 3.2 ms (P < 0.05); however, this small change was insufficient to explain the large increase in T current. Time constants for both fast and slow inactivation did not change significantly, nor did voltage dependence of activation or inactivation of thalamic T currents. 4. Methyl-phenyl-succinimide (MPS, 1 mM), a compound known to block T currents, was used to examine possible alterations in the pharmacological properties of T channels after injury. MPS was more effective in reducing T currents in normal versus injured RNs (24 and 20% reductions, respectively; P < 0.05), suggesting that pharmacological properties of T channels in the injured RNs may be different from those of the normal RNs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Suwanpinij, Piyada, Martin Hübner, Panita Choeychom, Thanaporn Thonondaeng, Bandit Suksawat, Parinya Kumma, and Gobboon Lothongkum. "On the Surface Welding of Pearlitic Rails: The Control of Dilution and Microstructure." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work studies the surface welding parameters for a practical repair for pearlitic rail grades: R260 and R350HT. A filler metal containing low carbon (0.15 %), high silicon (0.5 %) and nickel (2.5 %), self-shielded flux-core welding electrode (FCAW-S) is the candidate in order to ensure the preferable carbide-free bainite. The film-like morphology of the retained austenite is reported to promote the wear resistance and is ensured by silicon and nickel. The effect of preheat temperature and dilution on the microstructure and resulting hardness can be concluded. Too high dilution, as a result of high current and travel speed, and the reheating during the welding of the second layer can result in martensite formation and too high hardness. Proper control of the dilution ensures satisfactorily hardness and avoids martensite formation.
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Pavlovska, I., B. Taushanova, and B. Zafirova. "Risk for Occurrence of Laryngeal Cancer Among Current Cigarette Smokers." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 13s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.34700.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is on the second place as a death cause in developed countries and among the three leading death causes in adults in developing countries. Every year, worldwide, approximately 10 million persons have been diagnosed with malignant tumors (in every locations), and more than 6 million of these people die. According to many studies, several risk factors are brought in connection with laryngeal cancer (LarC). The most significant and generally accepted is alcohol consumption and the habit of cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking habit caused about 30% of all cancers, due to which it represents the most significant risk factor for occurrence of these disorders in humans. Aim: Aim of the study was to determine the existence of the eventual causal associations among the cigarette smoking and development and distribution of the laryngeal cancer. Methods: This study is an analytical type of case-control study. It elaborated 185 patients, suffering from laryngeal cancer and the same number of persons without malignant disease (control group-CG). Risk analyses were done using unconditional logistic regression, which provides results in the form of adjusted odds ratio. The odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Results: Among patients were 79% of current smokers (CS), 18.3% of former smokers (FS) and only 2.7% of never smokers (NS), compared with 40.5% of CS, 28.7% of FS and 30.8% of NS among controls. More than a half of the CS has been smoking 21-40 cigarettes per day (c/day) (54.8%), while in CG members this percent was 29.3%. Group of so called “heavy” smokers (> 40c/day), includes 13.7% of patients, and only 4% from CG. Majority of CS with LarC had smoking length, ranging from 31-45 years (56.2%). CS had 16.03 (95% CI, 6.25-41.12), times significantly higher risk to become ill from LarC, compared with NS. CS who were smoking < 20 c/day had 10.49 (95% CI, 3.87-28.45), while those who were smoking > 20 c/day, had 45.6 (95% CI, 16.55-125.67), times significantly higher risk to become ill, compared with NS. Univariate analysis in CS showed significantly higher risk for the persons to become ill, who were smoking > 40 years, compared with those who were smoking < 40 years (OR=3.73; 95% CI 2.03-6.84). The risk of occurring LarC has been four times (95% CI, 2.35-7.88), significantly higher in the CS who are smoking > 20 years, > 20 c/day, compared with those, who in the same time period, smoke < 20 c/day. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is by far the most important risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Concerted control of smoking appears to be an urgent priority in LarC prevention, including efforts to prevent adolescents from starting to smoke.
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Flannigan, M. D., and F. I. Woodward. "Red pine abundance: current climatic control and responses to future warming." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the relationship between climatic variables and the abundance of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.). Two aspects of this climate–abundance relationship were addressed. First, a model was developed to fit the present day range and abundance of red pine using available climatic variables in the expectation of better understanding the processes controlling distribution. Second, general circulation models were used to explore the implications of a 2 × CO2(greenhouse warming) environment on the range and abundance of red pine. Using a response surface, growing degree-days (base 10 °C), and precipitation explained 54% of the variance in an independent data set of red pine volume per unit area. Possible explanations for the present day boundaries of red pine are competition for the southern limit, insufficient moisture for the southwestern limit, and insufficient warmth during the growing season at the northern limit. The greenhouse warming simulation suggested a dramatic northeastward shift of 600–800 km in the potential range of red pine and a decrease in total area, but it also suggested higher volumes per unit area.
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Khachab, Hamid, Yamani Abdelkafi та Abderrahmane Belghachi. "In Situ Simulation by RHEED and Photoemission of GaAs (001) β2(2x4) Reconstructed Surface". Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (квітень 2011): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In situ monitoring of surface processes and understanding of growth processes are important in achieving precise control of crystal growth. Therefore, many surface monitoring techniques are used during crystal growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The most popular is reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and photoemission current which provides information on the morphology during the growing surface. The photoemission oscillation technique has been successfully used in situ to monitor the growth of materials and to control the thickness as well as the roughness of the deposited layer. In this paper, we report results of atomic scale simulations used to study the dynamics of homoepitaxial growth of GaAs(001) β2(2x4) reconstructed surface and, in particular, the RHEED oscillations of the photoemission current.
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Sahoo, N. C., R. Vejian, and R. Gobbi. "Using PSpice for Teaching Output Current Control in D.C.-A.C. Inverters to Undergraduate Students." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 45, no. 4 (October 2008): 356–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.45.4.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the present day technology of power semiconductor drives, d.c.-a.c. switch-mode voltage source inverters are widely used in a.c. motor servo drives. In these applications, the motor phase currents need to be controlled for high performance. Thus, the prime control issue is to obtain the switching signals for the inverter switches in order to control/regulate the inverter output current. There are various standard ways to derive the switching signals for the inverter. Undergraduate students of electrical engineering should know these basics and get hands-on experience of the inverter current control techniques while taking a course on Power Electronics and Drives. This paper discusses an efficient way of teaching current control in d.c.-a.c. voltage source inverters by computer simulation studies using the student version of PSpice (Release 9.1). Three standard methods have been demonstrated, i.e., triangular carrier method, hysteresis band method, and periodic sampling method. This paper can be used by students for self-study as well as by instructors for simulation-based laboratory experiments.
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Yu, Ya Ping, Hui Zhao, Yuan Liu, Ren Jie Yang, Gui Mei Dong, and Yuan Shuai Xing. "Design of a Sine Sweeping Constant Current Source Based FPGA and DDS." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 2230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper designed a range of 0.1 ~ 250 kHz sine wave sweeping constant current source, which sine wave generator based on FPGA chip and DDS technology, the desired sine wave frequency was obtained by controlling the frequency control words. Low-pass filter circuit was realized by using the LTC1560-1, conversion circuit from the voltage to the current was consisted of a Howland current pump. The constant current source shows a good spectral impedance purity and amplitude.
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Ravi Sankar, R. S., S. V. Jayaram Kumar, and G. Mohan Rao. "Adaptive Fuzzy PI Current Control of Grid Interact PV Inverter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp472-482.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Now a day‟s, Photo Voltaic (PV) power generation rapidly increasing. This power generation highly depending on the temperature and irradiation. When this power interface with grid through the voltage source inverter with PI controller. Its gains should be updated due to the parametric changes for the better performance. In This Work Fuzzy Controller updates the gains of the proportional integral (PI)s Controller under variable parametric conditions. the gaines of the PI Controller are updated based on the error current and change in error current through the fuzzy controller. The error current in direct and quadrature frame are the Inputs to the PI controller. The PI Controller generates the reference voltage to the pulse width modulation technique. Here reference voltage is compared with the carrier signal to generate the pulses to the 3-Ph Inverter connected to the grid. This controller has given well dynamic response with less steady state error and also given The less THD of the grid current compared to the PI and Fuzzy controller.It Is implemented and verified in MATLAB Simulink.
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Brouwer, Lucas, Tengming Shen, Ryan Norris, Aurelio Hafalia, Ross Schlueter, Li Wang, Jim Ciston, et al. "Stabilization and control of persistent current magnets using variable inductance." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (March 1, 2022): 045011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac549b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Ultra-stable, tunable magnetic fields are desirable for a wide range of applications in medical imaging, electron microscopy, quantum science, and atomic physics. Superconducting magnets operated in persistent current mode, with device current flowing in a closed superconducting loop disconnected from a power source, are a common approach for applications with the most stringent requirements on temporal field stability. We present a method for active control of this persistent current by means of dynamic inductance change within the superconducting circuit. For a first realization of this general technique, we consider a variable superconducting inductor placed in series with the main magnet. The inductor acts as a dynamic flux storage device capable of transferring flux to or from the main magnet through inductance change. This allows for fine and fast adjustments of the persistent current without the use of thermal switches that limit the speed and accuracy of many present-day methods. With first experiments employing this technique, we demonstrate stabilization of a 1.95 T Nb–Ti round lens for electron microscopy against decay resulting from residual losses in the superconducting circuit, and more generally show flexibility for precise control over the magnitude and waveform of the persistent current.
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Lee, J. K., I. Kodama, H. Honjo, T. Anno, K. Kamiya, and J. Toyama. "Stage-dependent changes in membrane currents in rats with monocrotaline-induced right ventricular hypertrophy." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): H2833—H2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.6.h2833.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sequential changes in action potential configuration, 4-amino-pyridine-sensitive transient outward current (Ito), and L-type calcium current (ICa) in association with hypertrophy were investigated in ventricular myocytes from rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension. The tissue weight ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle plus septum 14 and 28 days after a subcutaneous injection of MCT increased by 29.7 and 77.2%, respectively. Action potential duration (APD) of RV cells from MCT rats increased progressively, prolonged by 73.2 and 92.2% on days 14 and 28, respectively. The current density of Ito in RV cells from MCT rats on day 14 (32.5 +/- 4.5 pA/pF, n = 13) was significantly larger than in controls (26.8 +/- 4.5 pA/pF, n = 8; P < 0.05). On day 28, however, Ito density in MCT rats (15.3 +/- 4.6 pA/pF, n = 9) was significantly less than in controls (27.3 +/- 4.2 pA/pF, n = 10; P < 0.05). There were no differences in the voltage dependence of steady-state activation and inactivation of Ito between MCT and control rats. ICa density in MCT rats on day 14 (15.7 +/- 2.6 pA/pF, n = 10) was significantly larger than in controls (10.0 +/- 2.3 pA/pF, n = 10; P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in Ito density between MCT rats (8.3 +/- 3.7 pA/pF, n = 10) and controls (11.6 +/- 3.0 pA/pF, n = 10) on day 28. These findings suggest that hypertrophy of mammalian hearts may cause stage-dependent changes in Ito and ICa density of ventricular myocytes. The APD prolongation in the early stage of hypertrophy may be caused mainly by an increase in ICa density, whereas the APD prolongation in the late stage may be ascribed to a reduction in Ito density.
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Inan, Muharrem, Ilker Alat, Iclal Gurses, Ersoy Kekilli, Ramazan Kutlu, Ahmet Eskin, Omer Murat Aydin, Haci Bostan, and Saim Yologlu. "Induced angiogenesis with intramedullary direct current: experimental research." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 2 (February 2005): H705—H709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01222.2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate angiogenesis after the use of intramedullary direct electrical current in rabbit tibia. Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups: group 1, false electrode group; group 2, hole group; group 3, control group; and group 4, intramedullary electrical stimulation group. One-half of the rabbits in each group were evaluated angiographically, pathologically, and scintigraphically on day 7, and the rest were evaluated on day 21. Results proved that electrical stimulation was not capable of the induction of angiogenesis in the subjects killed on day 7 and day 21. Furthermore, we found some fibrotic changes secondary to electrical stimulation on day 7 ( P = 0.04) and day 21 ( P = 0.01). However, an increase in new capillary vessels occurred in the false electrode group ( P = 0.02). We found no useful effect of electrical stimulation in our study, a finding that is possibly due to our use of a method previously undocumented in the literature. We believe that this study can be the new baseline for further studies into the stimulation or inhibition of angiogenesis using intramedullary wire with or without electrical stimulation.
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Lu, Ya Ping, Tian Lin Song, and Hai Qing Liu. "Influence of Silicon Controlled Rectifier Voltage Regulation Device under DDC-Temperature Control." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.826.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the boiler heating control device of combining DDC and the silicon controlled rectifier voltage regulation device, there are phase shift trigger, pulse width modulation (PWM) and cycle wave cross zero trigger (CYC). Under the different silicon controlled rectifier voltage regulation devices, there are different influences for DDC. It makes the best of the cycle characteristics of the alternating current (AC) for the cycle wave cross zero trigger (CYC). For DDC - temperature control system, there are advantages of high control accuracy, less interference and power source pollution.
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Ranaei, Vahid, Zahra Pilevar, Laleh Hassani, and Abdoulhossain Madani. "A Literature Review on the Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical Characteristics, Prevention and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)." Disease and Diagnosis 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2022.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a public health emergency of international concern for the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). This study aimed to review the findings of recent published literature to provide researchers with information regarding the current biggest global health threat of 2019-nCoV pandemic on the basis of previous coronaviruses. To do so, this study attempted to review the available online data on biological nature of 2019-nCoV compared to previous coronaviruses. Additionally, the epidemiology, susceptible population, transmission routes, clinical characteristics, and medications for 2019-nCoV were reviewed. In this article, after an introduction to the subject and characterization of coronavirus, we considered the experiences and lessons learned from previous outbreaks to review the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, prevention, and medications of 2019-nCov disease. There are three main routes for transmission of 2019-nCoV including close contact to infected cases, aerosol, and touch transmissions. This newfound virus can be transmitted from asymptomatic patients or from infected cases with symptoms ranging from a flu-like to severe respiratory syndrome. Currently, there are no 100% approved therapeutic drugs and vaccination for this disease. In conclusion, given that development of vaccine for 2019-nCoV requires close collaboration of vaccine manufacturers and biotechnology companies, which takes a long period for production of vaccine, implementation of prevention and controlling measures based on the current available information about the subject is the best measure to control the spread of the virus.
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Kleppisch, T., B. Winter, and M. T. Nelson. "ATP-sensitive potassium channels in cultured arterial segments." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): H2462—H2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.6.h2462.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organ cultures of arteries have been used to study growth responses, proliferation, and contractility. However, the function of specific-ion channels in cultured arteries has not been investigated. ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels play an important role in the control of arterial tone. The goal of this study was to determine the functional state of KATP channels in arteries kept in culture. Segments from rabbit mesenteric arteries were cultured in for 2-7 days. To explore the properties of KATP channels, the effects of KATP-channel modulators and other vasoactive substances on isometric force, density, and modulation of KATP currents in single smooth muscle cells isolated from cultured vessels were examined. Isometric contractions were measured with a resistance-vessel myograph. Whole cell KATP currents were recorded with the patch-clamp technique. Membrane capacitance and KATP-current density in single smooth muscle cells from freshly dissected (control) and cultured arteries were not altered. At -60 mV, glibenclamide-sensitive currents in the presence of the K(+)-channel opener pinacidil were -4.7 +/- 1.2, -4.7 +/- 0.6, and -4.6 +/- 0.7 pA/pF for control and 2- and 4-day arteries, respectively. Inhibitory modulation of KATP currents in arterial smooth muscle also remained intact for 4 days in culture; the vasoconstrictor histamine (10 microM) reduced glibenclamide-sensitive currents in the presence of pinacidil by 61.2 +/- 2.8, 42.4 +/- 10.1, and 41.2 +/- 6.1% for control and 2- and 4-day arteries, respectively. Pinacidil relaxed control and cultured arteries (1-7 days) in a dose-dependent manner. Half-maximal effective concentrations of pinacidil were 0.42, 0.24, 0.23, and 0.51 microM for control and 2-, 4-, and 7-day arteries, respectively, whereas maximal relaxations to pinacidil were 62.9, 47.5, 37.5, and 55.7% for control and 2-, 5-, and 7-day arteries, respectively. Histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin constricted cultured arteries, although responses to histamine and norepinephrine diminished by 30-50% after 5 days in culture. The relaxant effect of acetylcholine was not maintained in cultured arteries. Sodium nitroprusside, however, effectively relaxed arteries cultured for 2-7 days. The data indicate that with the culture model described, KATP channels in arterial smooth muscle remained functional and contractile responses in arterial segments were maintained for up to 7 days. These results suggest that this approach can be used to study either long-term regulation of KATP channels or the role of this channel type in growth responses.
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Lv, Zheng-tao, Jun-ming Huang, Jin-ming Zhang, Jia-ming Zhang, Jin-feng Guo, and An-min Chen. "Effect of Ulinastatin in the Treatment of Postperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Review of Current Literature." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2571080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background.Ulinastatin, identified as a urinary trypsin inhibitor, has been widely used in patients with inflammatory disorders. However, little is known about its effect on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The aim of our current work is to review the current body of literature.Methods.A systematic literature search in PubMed and EMBASE was performed to identify randomized controlled trials. Incidence of POCD, MMSE score, and laboratory indicators (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and S100β) were selected as outcomes.Results.Five RCTs involving 461 elderly patients that underwent surgical operations were identified. The meta-analysis suggested no statistical difference of incidence of POCD between ulinastatin and control groups on postoperative day 1; but ulinastatin could significantly decrease the incidence of POCD on postoperative day 3 and day 7 when compared with control treatment. Ulinastatin was effective in improving the MMSE score on day 1, day 3, and day 7 after operation. IL-6 and S100βconcentrations were lower up to postoperative day 2. The incidences of postoperative complications in ulinastatin groups were lower than control.Conclusion.Ulinastatin administration was effective in treating early POCD (postoperative day 3 and day 7) and reducing IL-6 and S100βconcentrations within two days after operations. Studies with larger-scale and rigorous design are urgently needed.
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Guimarães, Raphael Mendonça, Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Fróes Asmus, and Armando Meyer. "DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public health." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, no. 12 (December 2007): 2835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007001200004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
DDT is a persistent insecticide that was widely used in the world from the 1940s until the 70s, when it was banned in the United States and other countries. Most of its toxic effects are not observed in the acute forms, but particularly after chronic exposure. These long-term issues include reproductive effects, varying according to the time of life in which the individuals were exposed. The aims of the current study were to review the principal toxicological effects of DDT on reproduction, stratifying by physiological periods of exposure, and based on the magnitude of these effects, to discuss the cost-benefit relationship of reintroducing DDT with the specifically defined vector control criteria.
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Shinn, Eileen H., Richard J. Swartz, Bob B. Thornton, Philippe E. Spiess, Louis L. Pisters, and Karen M. Basen-Engquist. "Testis Cancer Survivors' Health Behaviors: Comparison With Age-Matched Relative and Demographically Matched Population Controls." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 13 (May 1, 2010): 2274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.9608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose To determine the prevalence rate of health behaviors in testis cancer survivors and to determine whether the rate of health behaviors in survivors was significantly different than those of their age-matched relative controls and a population-based control group matched for age, sex, education, and income. Patients and Methods The health behaviors of 162 testis cancer survivors were compared with their age-matched relative controls (n = 74) and an age-, sex-, education-, and income-matched population-based control group (n ranged from 1,123 to 9,775). Health behaviors were assessed with the telephone-administered Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance Survey. Results Nearly one in five testis cancer survivors reported current smoking and one third reported problem drinking. Only 11% reported having at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Compared with their relative controls, the survivors were more likely to engage in regular exercise. For those participants who drank, survivors were twice as likely to engage in problem drinking and averaged a higher number of drinks compared to their Centers for Disease Control (CDC) controls. Survivors were also half as likely to have at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day compared with the CDC controls. Conclusion The overall picture regarding testis cancer survivors' health behaviors was mixed compared with the relative and CDC control groups. Our results suggest that reduced alcohol use and increased fruit and vegetable consumption may be important targets for future disease prevention in testis cancer survivors.
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Ponce, Rafael A., Florence Burleson, Richard Roque, Julie Hill, Mathilde Cabrit, Herve Broly, and Mark C. Rogge. "TACI-Ig Does Not Affect C57Bl/6 Murine Response to Influenza Reinfection." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3921.3921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract TACI-Ig, a soluble receptor Fc fusion protein with high affinity for BLyS and APRIL, is associated with decreased B-cells and reduced circulating immunoglobulin in mouse and nonhuman primates. TACI-Ig is in clinical evaluation for treatment of various B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Because of its expected immunomodulatory activity on B cells, we have previously evaluated host response to TACI-Ig in a primary influenza infection model in C57Bl/6 mice. Influenza virus is a T-dependent antigen requiring intact and functional T-cells, B-cells and macrophage antigen processing for viral clearance. That study demonstrated the expected decrease in circulating mature B cells and serum immunoglobulin levels, but TACI-Ig did not suppress viral clearance or decrease survival. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of TACI-Ig administration on a recall response to a secondary infection using the murine influenza virus model. Mice were first exposed to influenza virus to initiate an active infection and primary immune response. Starting three weeks after infection, mice received ten SC injections of vehicle (Vehicle Control) or TACI-Ig (0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg) on a Mon-Wed-Fri schedule (Days 21–42). TACI-Ig administration resulted in decreased mature peripheral B cells, total IgG, total IgM, and influenza-specific IgG and IgM in both lung and serum. Recovery in these markers occurred over a six-week recovery period with the exception of some measurements of influenza-specific IgG and IgM in serum and lung, which remained decreased relative to Vehicle Control animals (Table 1). On Day 91, Vehicle Control and TACI-Ig-treated mice were rechallenged with influenza virus. In addition, a second control group (Primary Immunity Control) was subjected to a primary infection to provide age-matched animals for comparison. Irrespective of TACI-Ig treatment, viral clearance was significantly faster among influenza re-infected animals compared against Primary Immunity Controls, and no difference in viral clearance (Table 2) or survival was observed between TACI-Ig-treated animals and Vehicle Controls. These results demonstrate expected pharmacological effects on B-cells of TACI-Ig in C57Bl/6 mice, without apparent effects on influenza viral clearance or survival. Table 1: Ratio of Influenza-specific IgG and IgM in Serum of TACI-Ig-treated Mice Relative to Concurrent Vehicle Controls (p-value) 0.5 mg/kg TACI-Ig 5.0 mg/kg TACI-Ig Influenza-Specific IgG (Sera) Day 49 0.68 (p = 0.08) 0.28 (p = 0.0006) Day 91 1.52 (p =0.15) 0.63 (p = 0.35) Influenza-specific IgM (Sera) Day 49 0.28 (p = 0.03) 0.02 (p = 0.001) Day 91 0.86 (p = 0.79) 0.78 (p = 0.58) Table 2: Influenza Plaque-Forming Units (per Lung) After Infection (Day 91) Primary Immunity Control Vehicle Control1 0.5 mg/kg TACI-Ig1 5.0 mg/kg TACI-Ig1 1 Secondary influenza infection Day 91 0 0 0 0 Day 92 7.88±0.03 0.98±0.28 0.23±0.23 0 Day 94 6.62±0.02 0 0 0 Day 98 4.35±0.03 0 0 0 Day 105 0 0 0 0
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Rohten, Jaime A., David N. Dewar, Pericle Zanchetta, Andrea Formentini, Javier A. Muñoz, Carlos R. Baier, and José J. Silva. "Multivariable Deadbeat Control of Power Electronics Converters with Fast Dynamic Response and Fixed Switching Frequency." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power converters have turned into a critical and every-day solution for electric power systems. In fact, the incorporation of renewable energies has led towards the constant improvement of power converter topologies and their controls. In this context, over the last 10 years, model predictive control (MPC) is positioned as one the most studied and promising alternatives for power converter control. In voltage source inverters (VSI), MPC has only been applied in the inner current control loop, accelerating and improving its dynamic response, but as mentioned, has been limited only to the current control loop. The fastest of the MPC techniques is the Deadbeat (DB) control, and in this paper, it is proposed to employ DB control on the entire system, therefore accelerating the time response not only for the current loops, but also for voltage loops. At the same time, this avoids overshoots and overpower in order to protect the power converter, leading to the fastest dynamic response according to VSI capabilities. For renewable energies, fast-dynamics entails fast maximum power tracking and therefore, maximizes energy harvesting, or in other words, reduces the losses due to the control dynamics. Thus, this paper gives a clear procedure and key points for designing a DB control for all the variables based on a mathematical model, which is corroborated by simulations and the experimental results.
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Rohten, Jaime A., David N. Dewar, Pericle Zanchetta, Andrea Formentini, Javier A. Muñoz, Carlos R. Baier, and José J. Silva. "Multivariable Deadbeat Control of Power Electronics Converters with Fast Dynamic Response and Fixed Switching Frequency." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power converters have turned into a critical and every-day solution for electric power systems. In fact, the incorporation of renewable energies has led towards the constant improvement of power converter topologies and their controls. In this context, over the last 10 years, model predictive control (MPC) is positioned as one the most studied and promising alternatives for power converter control. In voltage source inverters (VSI), MPC has only been applied in the inner current control loop, accelerating and improving its dynamic response, but as mentioned, has been limited only to the current control loop. The fastest of the MPC techniques is the Deadbeat (DB) control, and in this paper, it is proposed to employ DB control on the entire system, therefore accelerating the time response not only for the current loops, but also for voltage loops. At the same time, this avoids overshoots and overpower in order to protect the power converter, leading to the fastest dynamic response according to VSI capabilities. For renewable energies, fast-dynamics entails fast maximum power tracking and therefore, maximizes energy harvesting, or in other words, reduces the losses due to the control dynamics. Thus, this paper gives a clear procedure and key points for designing a DB control for all the variables based on a mathematical model, which is corroborated by simulations and the experimental results.
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Post, J. A., S. Ji, K. S. Leonards, and G. A. Langer. "Effects of charged amphiphiles on cardiac cell contractility are mediated via effects on Ca2+ current." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 260, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): H759—H769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.3.h759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exposure of isolated adult rabbit myocytes to the negatively charged amphiphile dodecylsulfate (DDS; 10 microM) increased the contraction amplitude to 185% of control. The positively charged amphiphile dodecyltrimethylammonium (DDTMA; 10 microM) decreased the amplitude to 58%. DDS increased Ca2+ uptake by the same cells, but this uptake was partially prevented by nifedipine. DDTMA had no effect on Ca2+ uptake. Ca2+ binding to isolated sarcolemma of neonatal heart cells was increased by 10 microM DDS and, at higher concentrations, reduced by DDTMA. Single-cell voltage-clamp studies, using isolated rabbit myocytes, showed that DDS enhanced L-type Ca2+ currents (ICa,L), whereas DDTMA depressed ICa,L. DDS shifted current-voltage (I-V) and isochronal inactivation curves of ICa,L in the negative direction, whereas DDTMA shifted them in positive direction. Furthermore, DDS depressed T-type Ca2+ currents (ICa,T), and DDTMA enhanced ICa,T. The inotropic effects of the amphiphiles are therefore mediated to a significant degree by ICa,L. The shifts in the I-V and inactivation curves of ICa,L and the effect on ICa,T can be explained by changes in the actual membrane potential (Em), induced by the insertion of the amphiphiles in the outer monolayer of the sarcolemma. However, the changes in the Em do not explain the effect on the maximal current, indicating effects on the channel per se, possibly by an alteration of the lipid environment.
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Nagendar, Kavati, and V. Vijaya Rama Raju. "ANN Based Current Controller for Hybrid Electric Vehicles." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) across the world is growing enormously every day. The single-phase bi-directional convertors are presented in this study for HEVs on-board charging(OBC). In HEVs, we use power electronics converters for the converting and inverting operations. Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is presented in this study for simple operation and high optimization approaches. ANN control technique regulates the system's THD and enhances charging system optimization, enables two-way power delivery that is from the grid to vehicle and the vehicle to grid. An ANN based current controller model that achieves fast-dynamic reaction and that improves grid current harmonic characteristics is proposed in this study. The system's THD is reduced by the ANN controller being suggested. The results prove the validity and feasibility of design and control technique of the proposed integrated charging system.
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Yung, Colin Shing-Yat, Kevin Chi Him Fok, Ching Ngai Leung, and Yat Wa Wong. "What every orthopaedic surgeon should know about COVID-19: A review of the current literature." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 230949902092349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020923499.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected the medical community and stopped the world in its tracks. This review aims to provide the basic information necessary for us, orthopaedic surgeons to prepare ourselves to face this pandemic together. Herein, we cover the background of COVID-19, presentation, investigations, transmission, infection control and touch upon emerging treatments. It is of paramount importance that we should stay vigilant for our patients, our families and ourselves. Adequate infection control measures are necessary during day-to-day clinical work.
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Hajinezhad, Mohammad Reza, Abbas Jamshidian, Motahareh Abdollahi, and Alireza Samzadeh Kermani. "Comparing the Histopathological Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles and Selenium Nanocomposites in Rat Models." Disease and Diagnosis 10, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2021.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and selenium nanocomposites (Se NCs) have different biological effects. The current study aimed to compare the effects of newly synthesized Se NPs and Se NCs on biochemical and histopathological parameters of rats. The synthesized Se NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups to examine the biological effects of Se NPs. Control rats received saline intraperitoneally while experimental rats were received four-week intraperitoneal injections of Se powder, Se NPs, and Se NCs at the dose of (0.4 mg/kg). After four weeks, serum was obtained by the conventional methods, and then rats were sacrificed to separate liver, kidney, and testis tissues for histopathological examinations. Results: The intraperitoneal injection of Se powder caused significant elevations in serum liver enzyme levels, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) lipid peroxidation, and serum creatinine levels (P<0.05). The histopathological investigations showed necrosis and fatty change in liver. Kidney sections showed cytoplasmic vacuolation and hyaline casts, and the testis sections showed degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Se NPs intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg caused no significant effects on liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and histopathological changes while significantly increased serum BUN and creatinine levels (P<0.05). The group treated with Se NCs showed normal biochemical and histopathological parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current study proved the toxicity of Se powder; however, nano-formulations of Se showed fewer side effects.
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Hao, Kui Hong, and Bin Li. "Design of a AC Current Source for Inductive Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inductive loads are common in the real time monitoring system of aircraft engines. The excitation for these loads is better to chose current source. A stored program control interchange current resource based on DDS and current feedback amplifier was designed for these loads. When the output frequency of the resource was chosen 5kHz, the export current can reach 10mA and the change of the amplitude is less than 1%.
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Wang, Gaizhen, Wei Qin, and Yunhao Wang. "Cyclic Weighted k-means Method with Application to Time-of-Day Interval Partition." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Time-of-day interval partition (TIP) at a signalized intersection is of great importance in traffic control. There are two shortcomings of the traditional clustering algorithms based on traditional distance definitions (such as Euclidean distance) of traffic flows. First, some continuous time intervals are usually divided into small segments. Second, 0 o’clock (24 o’clock) is usually selected as the breakpoint. It follows that the relationship between TIP and traffic signal control is neglected. To this end, a novel cyclic distance of traffic flows is defined, which can make the end of the last cycle (24 o’clock of the last day) and the beginning of the current cycle (0 o’clock of the current day) cluster into one group. Next, a cyclic weighted k-means method is proposed, with centroid initialization, cluster number selection, and breakpoint adjustment. Lastly, the proposed method is applied to a real intersection to evaluate the benefits of traffic signal control. The conclusion of the empirical study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
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Johansson, Bjorn, Henrik Artman, and Yvonne Waern. "Technology in crisis management systems - Ideas and effects." Pragmatics of Crisis 2, no. 3 (November 2, 2001): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dd.2.3.05joh.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents empirically based research on the use of future technology for crisis management. In particular, it sets out to challenge ideas of future technology by contrasting them with examples from current practice with new, high-tech systems in emergency rescue centers and military command and control environments. The following three dichotomies are singled out: to start with, that between commitment and information storage;secondly, that between silence and transparency; and finally, that between mimetic representation and interpretation of representa- tions. Our research points to a contradiction between current system design for crisis management systems and actual work practice. Generally speaking, it is suggested that the information technology is becoming both a burden and a saver.
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Frankel, Arthur J. "Family Day Care in the United States." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 75, no. 9 (November 1994): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949407500903.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author discusses the current status of family day care, including its demographics, organization, regulations, quality-control issues, and relevant research on its effects on children, families, and child-care workers. Family day care is a pervasive underground child-care system that merits far more attention by the social work profession in state and national child-care policy considerations. Social workers are in a unique position to help family-day-care providers enter mainstream child care in the United States.
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Johannesen, Ása, Øystein Patursson, Jóhannus Kristmundsson, Signar Pæturssonur Dam, and Pascal Klebert. "How caged salmon respond to waves depends on time of day and currents." PeerJ 8 (June 18, 2020): e9313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Disease, pest control, and environmental factors such as water quality and carrying capacity limit growth of salmon production in existing farm areas. One way to circumvent such problems is to move production into more exposed locations with greater water exchange. Farming in exposed locations is better for the environment, but may carry unforeseen costs for the fish in those farms. Currents may be too strong, and waves may be too large with a negative impact on growth and profit for farmers and on fish welfare. This study employed two major fish monitoring methods to determine the ability of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to cope with wavy conditions in exposed farms. Echosounders were used to determine vertical distribution and horizontal preference of fish during different wave and current conditions as well as times of day. Video cameras were used to monitor shoal cohesion, swimming effort, and fish prevalence in locations of interest. The results indicate complex interacting effects of wave parameters, currents, and time of day on fish behaviour and vertical distribution. During the day, hydrodynamic conditions had stronger effects on vertical distribution than during the night. In weak currents, fish generally moved further down in taller waves, but stronger currents generally caused fish to move upwards regardless of wave conditions. Long period waves had unpredictable effects on vertical distribution with fish sometimes seeking deeper water and other times moving up to shallower water. It is unclear how much the cage bottom restricted vertical distribution and whether movement upwards in the water columns was related to cage deformation. In extreme cases, waves can reach below the bottom of a salmon cage, preventing fish from moving below the waves and cage deformation could exacerbate this situation. Farmers ought to take into consideration the many interacting effects on salmon behaviour within a cage as well as the potential for cage deformation when they design their farms for highly exposed locations. This will ensure that salmon are able to cope when storms and strong currents hit at the same time.
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Liu, Jun, and Zhong Kui Li. "The Deformation of Discontinuity in the DDA Method." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 3047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.3047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The DDA method parallels the finite element, which solves a finite element type of mesh where all the elements are bounded by discontinuities. In the current studies on the DDA method, the deformation of all the discontinuities is neglected, only the deformation of blocks is concerned with. The actual engineering indicates that the deformation of control discontinuity is often greater than that of block, and can not be neglected; but the deformation of the smaller discontinuities may be neglected. In this paper, the deformation of discontinuity is studied, and the result indicates that the displacement and stress of block element are affected by the deformation of discontinuity to a degree. Therefore, the deformation of control discontinuity can not be neglected in the study of the DDA method.
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Hoseini, Hosnie, Azade Sarani, Afsane Sarabandi та Masoud Kerman Saravi. "Evaluation of Estrogen Receptor-α Gene (T/C) Polymorphism in Patients With Leiomyoma Compared to Healthy Individuals". Disease and Diagnosis 10, № 2 (28 червня 2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2021.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Leiomyoma as one of the most prevalent tumors in women occurs at the same time of reproductive age and its causes are still unknown. Hormone therapy is one of the common treatments for this disease. Estrogen hormone through its receptor, which is called ER α, plays an effective role in the treatment of leiomyoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are effective in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of many diseases and tumors. In this regard, the current study investigated the estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms of ER α in women with leiomyoma in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Zahedan and then compared them with healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Overall, 150 women with leiomyoma were sampled and their DNA was isolated as well. In addition, 150 samples were taken from healthy individuals as the control group. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and PvuII were used to study gene polymorphisms. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between ER α gene polymorphism and leiomyoma. Conclusion: Accordingly, this gene polymorphism can be considered as a marker for prognosis in leiomyoma in the population of Iranian women in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan province.
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Hall, D. W. "Current Regulations Impacting Exhaust Emissions From Stationary Internal Combustion Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The San Francisco Bay Area is in a nonattainment area for both ozone and carbon monoxide. A significant amount of air pollution emanates from the combustion of fuels in stationary internal combustion engines. The NOx emissions output from stationary I.C. engines in the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) is around 14.2 Mg/day (15.6 tons / day). The contributions from other pollutant factors are not nearly as large; nonetheless, they are still noteworthy. BAAQMD has imposed New Source Review (NSR) requirements and Best Available Control Technology (BACT) levels for new stationary I.C. engines. The purpose of BACT is to achieve the lowest level of engine exhaust emissions using today’s proven control technology. The BACT level for NOx is presently set at 0.00056 mg/J (1.5 g/bhp-hr) or less for stationary I.C. engines. The BACT level for each of the other exhaust pollutants has not been set since they seldom require a BACT determination. In the event BACT is triggered, a case-by-case BACT evaluation will be performed. The placement of BACT and NSR standards on stationay I.C. engines has aided the BAAQMD in achieving better local air quality. More stringent standards may be imposed as long as the need for better air quality exists.
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Miller, K. J. "Metal Fatigue—Past, Current and Future." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 205, no. 5 (September 1991): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1991_205_124_02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metal fatigue has been a problem for more than 150 years, but because of rapid developments in fracture mechanics analyses, possibly at the expense of the traditional approach based on cyclic deformation processes, afar better understanding of fatigue failure behaviour has recently been achieved. Consequently the engineer now has the basic tools at his/her disposal to make good assessments of the numerous factors that control the fatigue lifetime of engineering materials, components and structures. Additionally, more intensive interdisciplinary research studies involving chemists, materials scientists, mathematicians and physicists—but engineering led—have generated both greater insights into long-known industrial problems and routes to required solutions. This paper traces the growth of recent developments in understanding metal fatigue from the days of our mentors to the present day, and concludes with a brief review of some future research areas that are now available for exploitation.
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Taranath, Roopa, Larry Mattheakis, Li Zhao, Larry Lee, James Tovera, Jingsong Zhao, Xiaoli Cheng, and David Liu. "Mechanism of Systemic Iron Regulation and Hematocrit Control By Hepcidin Peptidomimetics in Pre-Clinical Models." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In polycythemia vera (PV), point mutation in JAK2 kinase (V617F) confers constitutive intracellular activity to JAK2 leading to a condition with excessive erythropoiesis that is independent of erythropoietin. Elevated hematocrit (HCT) and hyper-viscosity in the blood are risk factors for thrombosis and other symptoms. There is an increased iron demand required to support excessive erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. Hence, regulation of systemic iron in PV provides a mechanism for erythropoiesis control with potential disease modifying effects (Ginzburg YZ, Leukemia 2018). PTG-300 is an injectable hepcidin peptidomimetic drug currently in Phase 2 clinical studies for polycythemia vera and hereditary hemochromatosis. Pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of PTG-300 are reductions in serum iron and transferrin-saturation due to reduced expression on cells of ferroportin which exports iron into the peripheral circulation. Splenic red pulp macrophages that recycle iron from senescent RBCs are the primary source of serum iron for erythropoiesis. PTG-300 administration in cynomolgus monkey resulted in dose dependent reduction in serum iron (Fig. 1). Single subcutaneous (SC) dose of 0.3 mg/kg achieved a maximum of ~54.9% reduction in serum iron at 24 hr post-dose, serum iron returned to baseline in < 60 hr. Maximum PTG-300 concentration of 171.6±31.2 nM was observed at 8 hr, and concentration had reduced to 25.5±3.9 nM by 72 hr. SC dose of 1 mg/kg achieved ~75.8% reduction in serum iron at 24 hr post-dose (from baseline 31.3±2.3 µM to 7.6±0.9 µM). This dose exhibited a more sustained PD, with serum iron returning to baseline at ~108 hr. For 1 mg/kg, maximum PTG-300 concentration was 472.5±47.2 nM at 6 hr, and concentration reduced to 70.9±13.7 nM by 72 hr. At both doses a delay of 16-18 hr was observed between the maximum PTG-300 concentration and the maximum PD response. In a dose limiting GLP toxicity study in monkeys (over 13 weeks), weekly SC dosing of PTG-300 resulted in dose-dependent reductions in HCT (Fig. 2). In 2 mg/kg dose group, HCT reduction from baseline was 2.5% on Day 27 and 5.3% on Day 90 in males, and 3.5% on Day 27 and 6.8% on Day 90 in females. There were no decreases in mean corpuscular volume as is otherwise observed in phlebotomy dependent PV patients who are iron-deficient, indicating that PTG-300 may not create an iron deficient state but rather restricts iron availability to the bone marrow thereby reducing RBC levels. At higher dose of 6 mg/kg, HCT reduction was 14.2% at Day 27 and 19% at Day 90 in males, and 12.4% at Day 27 and 14.5% at Day 90 in females. In concurrence with HCT, dose dependent reductions were observed in hemoglobin (HGB). 0.6 mg/kg dose did not show significant reductions in HCT or HGB, albeit only marginal reductions at Day 90 (data not shown). HCT and HGB returned to baseline after a recovery period of 30 days post-last dose for all groups. In a mouse model for acquired secondary erythrocytosis, wild type mice were administered with daily injections of exogenous erythropoietin (EPO; 50 units/dose) for 7 days(Wang J, Haematologica 2018), resulting in elevated HCT. Concurrent treatment with peptide A (hepcidin mimetic with in vitro and in vivo potencies similar to PTG-300) on alternate days showed dose dependent reductions in HCT, RBCs and reticulocytes (Fig. 3). 5 mg/kg dose was able to normalize all three parameters to levels similar to control group that did not receive any EPO. Dose dependent reductions in spleen weight indicate that peptide A was effective in lowering extra medullary stress erythropoiesis in the spleen. The desired end points for PTG-300 as a therapy for PV are sustained reduction of HCT to circumvent the need for chronic phlebotomy and prevent the exacerbation of systemic iron deficiency. Our pre-clinical data support the efficacy of our hepcidin mimetics in limiting erythrocytosis with sustained control of hematocrit through iron redistribution. In addition to lowering hematocrit and reducing the need for phlebotomy treatment, we believe that PTG-300 has the potential to reduce debilitating symptoms associated with chronic iron deficiency by restoring tissue iron to meet the needs of critical/normal cellular functions (Krayenbuehl PA, Blood 2011). PTG-300 would potentially provide a novel mechanism for selective hematocrit control while maintaining adequate body iron levels in polycythemia vera and other congenital and acquired erythropoietic disorders. Disclosures Mattheakis: Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Zhao:Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Other: shareholder. Lee:Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Tovera:Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Zhao:Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Cheng:Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Liu:Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company.
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Dominguez, A., M. Lynch, M. Miller, T. George, T. Hosokawa, D. Chavez, and Omar S. Es-Said. "Evaluation for Long-Term Structural Shading Materials for Use in Harsh Environments." Defect and Diffusion Forum 371 (February 2017): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.371.135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper evaluated the performance and durability of leading structural shading materials to be used in the Super Containerized Living Units (Super-CLU’s) project. Fifteen unique shading fabrics were tested in five different experiments in order to evaluate their strength, resistance to wind, abrasion, and heat and to assess their heat transmissivity and breathability. A current United States Navy material was used as a control material for the evaluation of the other tested materials. Samples of each fabric were first tensile tested in both their warp and weft orientation to create an ‘as-received’ baseline condition. Then, additional samples of each fabric were exposed to wind, abrasion, or heat and subsequently tensile tested in order to show the degradation in tensile strength as compared to the as-received samples. The heat transmissivity and breathability testing was conducted separately.
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Miguel, Antonio F. "Unifying Theory for Natural and Man-Made Flow Systems: an Application to Design of Porous Material for Particulate Control." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to constructal theory, the flow architecture emerges in time such that it provides progressively greater access to its currents. The emergence of flow architecture in nature is analogous to emergence of configuration in man-made (engineered) flow systems, and that features of materialization of design can be predicted based on the constructal theory. To support this view, we show that the emergence of configuration in natural flow systems can be approached based on the constructal law. Man-made flow systems achieve high performance by acquiring the suitable architecture (configuration). In this study, we also rely on the constuctal law to design a device for particulate matter control with an optimized function. Therefore, the emergence of optimal flow architecture is analogous to both natural and man-made systems. The features of materialization of design do not occur by chance, and can be explained or predicted based on this physical law.
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MacQUEEN, G. M., T. M. GALWAY, J. HAY, L. T. YOUNG, and R. T. JOFFE. "Recollection memory deficits in patients with major depressive disorder predicted by past depressions but not current mood state or treatment status." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 2 (February 2002): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004834.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Neuropsychological studies have suggested that memory systems reliant on medial temporal lobe structures are impaired in patients with depression. There is less data regarding whether this impairment is specific to recollection memory systems, and whether clinical features predict impairment. This study sought to address these issues.Method. A computerized process-dissociation memory task was utilized to dissociate recollection and habit memory in 40 patients with past or current major depression and 40 age, sex and IQ matched non-psychiatric control subjects. The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire was used to assess patients’ perceptions of day-to-day memory failures.Results. Patients had impaired recollection memory (t = 4·7, P<0·001), but no impairment in habit memory when compared to controls. Recollection memory performance was not predicted by indices of current mood state, but was predicted by self-assessments of impairment (β = −0·33; P = 0·008) and past number of depressions (β = −0·41; P = 0·001). There was no evidence that standard therapy with antidepressant medication either improved or worsened memory performance.Conclusions. The results confirm that patients with multiple past depressions have reduced function on recollection memory tasks, but not on habit memory performance. The memory deficits were independent of current mood state but related to past course of illness and significant enough that patients detected impairment in day-to-day memory function.
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Sodhi, Mohit, Claire A. Sheldon, Bruce Carleton, and Mahyar Etminan. "Oral fluoroquinolones and risk of secondary pseudotumor cerebri syndrome." Neurology 89, no. 8 (July 28, 2017): 792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective:To quantify the risk of secondary pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) with fluoroquinolones.Methods:A case-control study of people 15–60 years of age from the LifeLink Database (QuintilesIMS, Parsippany, NJ) was conducted. Cases had the first ICD-9-CM code for benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) as well as having received a procedure code for an MRI or CT scan and a lumbar puncture within 15 days or 30 days of the BIH code. For each case, 10 controls were selected using density-based sampling. Current users of fluoroquinolones received a prescription within 15 days or 30 days of the date of the diagnosis. For the sensitivity analysis, risk periods for 30 and 60 days were also examined. Adjusted rate ratios (RRs) were computed from a conditional logistic regression model.Results:From a cohort of 6,110,723 people, there were 339 cases of PTCS and 3,390 corresponding controls. In the primary analysis, the adjusted RR for current users of fluoroquinolones for both the 15-day and 30-day definitions were 5.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.72–11.83) and 4.15 (95% CI 2.29–7.50), respectively. The risk with tetracycline antibiotics was also increased, with RRs for 15 and 30 days of current use of 2.68 (0.89–8.11) and 3.64 (1.67–7.91), respectively.Conclusion:Our study suggests an increase in the risk of PTCS with current users of fluoroquinolones. Although this adverse event is rare, patients who experience symptoms of raised intracranial pressure including headaches, tinnitus, and double vision while taking fluoroquinolones should seek medical attention.
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Alyileili, Salem R., Ibrahim E. H. Belal, Ahmed S. Hussein, and Khaled A. El-Tarabily. "Effect of Inclusion of Degraded and Non-Degraded Date Pits in Broilers’ Diet on their Intestinal Microbiota and Growth Performance." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study aims to assess the effect of non-degraded date pits (NDDP) and degraded date pits (DDP) in broilers’ diets on gut microbiota and growth performance. The degradation of date pits (DP) occurred via the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei by a solid-state degradation procedure. One-day-old Brazilian broilers were allocated into six dietary groups: (1) maize–soy diet, (2) maize–soy diet with oxytetracycline (20%, 50 g 100 kg−1), (3) maize–soy diet with 5% NDDP, (4) maize–soy diet with 10% NDDP, (5) maize–soy diet with 5% DDP, and (6) maize–soy diet with 10% DDP. At the end of the trial, the total count of bacteria was significantly (p < 0.05) less in broilers fed 10% DDP diet (treatment 6) compared with the control group (treatment 1). In addition, DDP and oxytetracycline control diets have a similar diminishing effect on total bacterial counts and the populations of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli. Over 35 days of trial, weight gains were similar among the six dietary groups. Our results showed that DDP and control diets have a similar effect on growth performance. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poorer in broilers fed NDDP diets than other treatments. The European Production Efficiency Index (EPEI) was greater with 5% and 10% DDP than those fed NDDP at the same levels, with no significant variance from the control and antibiotic-supplemented diet (treatment 2). Overall, it can be suggested that maintaining 10% of DDP can partly replace dietary maize while also serves as a gut health enhancer and thus a growth promoter in the diet for broilers.
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Zhang, Zuo Tai, S. Balaji, Ii Ryoung Sohn, B. E. Ydstie, and S. Sridhar. "Influence of Fast Path Diffusion on the Oxidation of Mn Strengthened IF Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the in-line coating process of Mn-strengthened-Interstitial-Free-steels, selective oxidation under low dew-point atmospheres may result in surface oxides that are not wetted by the coating alloy. In the current study, we investigate the formation of external and internal oxides in the metal in order to characterize the influence of fast path diffusion. The short-time oxidation in the metal was carried out in a gold-image furnace and the resulting external and internal oxides were characterized through scanning-electron microscopy. An IF steel sample containing 1.5wt.% Mn was used and the effects of dew point (DP) ranging from –75 to –15oC on oxidation was investigated at 800oC by varying the PH2/PH2O ratio in the oxidizing gas. Simulations were carried out by considering the combined effect of diffusion and mass transfer represented by a system of partial differential equations. The model equations were solved using finite element method in a Multiphysics modeling software COMSOL. The experimental and simulated results were found to be in agreement, and showed that, for DP up to –30oC, gas phase mass transport of oxidant gas controls the oxidation which results in exclusively external oxide nodules distributed uniformly on the surface. At –15oC > DP > –30oC, the oxidation evolves as ridges along grain boundaries and the simulations indicate that this is due to solid state diffusion control and the controlling mechanism is fast path diffusion through the alloy. At this point, internal oxides also start to appear.