Готові списки джерел за темами / DC NANOGRID

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "DC NANOGRID"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "DC NANOGRID"

Rauf, Shoaib, Ali Raza Kalair, and Nasrullah Khan. "Variable Load Demand Scheme for Hybrid AC/DC Nanogrid." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (April 17, 2020): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3646423.

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This paper addresses the use of nanogrid technology in resolving the issue of blanket load shedding for domestic consumers. This is accomplished by using different load management techniques and load classification and utilizing maximum solar energy. The inclusion of DC-based load in basic load and DC inverter load in regular load and scheduling of the burst load during the hours of maximum solar PV generation bring novelty in this work. The term “nanogrid” as a power structure remains ambiguous in various publications so far. An effort has been done in this paper to present a concise definition of nanogrid. Demand side load management is one of the key features of nanogrid, which enables end users to know major characteristics about their energy consumption during peak and off-peak hours. A microgrid option with nanogrid facility results in a more reliable system with overall improvement in efficiency and reduction in carbon emission. PV plants produce DC power; when used directly, the loss will automatically be minimized to 16%. The AC/DC hybrid nanogrid exhibits 63% more efficiency as compared to AC-only nanogrid and nearly 18% more efficiency as compared to DC-only nanogrid. Smart load shifting smoothens the demand curve 54% more adequately than during conventional load shifting. Simulation results show that real-time pricing is more economical than flat rate tariff for a house without DG, whereas flat rate results are more economical when DG are involved in nanogrids. 12.67%-21.46% saving is achieved if only flat rates are used for DG in nanogrid instead of real-time pricing.

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Barone, Giuseppe, Giovanni Brusco, Daniele Menniti, Anna Pinnarelli, Nicola Sorrentino, Pasquale Vizza, Alessandro Burgio, and Ángel A. Bayod-Rújula. "A Renewable Energy Community of DC Nanogrids for Providing Balancing Services." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 7261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217261.

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The massive expansion of Distributed Energy Resources and schedulable loads have forced a variation of generation, transmission, and final usage of electricity towards the paradigm of Smart Communities microgrids and of Renewable Energy Communities. In the paper, the use of multiple DC microgrids for residential applications, i.e., the nanogrids, in order to compose and create a renewable energy community, is hypothesized. The DC Bus Signaling distributed control strategy for the power management of each individual nanogrid is applied to satisfy the power flow requests sent from an aggregator. It is important to underline that this is an adaptive control strategy, i.e., it is used when the nanogrid provides a service to the aggregator and when not. In addition, the value of the DC bus voltage of each nanogrid is communicated to the aggregator. In this way, the aggregator is aware of the regulation capacity that each nanogrid can provide and which flexible resources are used to provide this capacity. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated via numerical experiments. The energy community considered in the paper consists of five nanogrids, interfaced to a common ML-LV substation. The nanogrids, equipped with a photovoltaic plant and a set of lithium-ion batteries, participate in the balancing service depending on its local generation and storage capacity.

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Saad, Muhammad, Yongfeng Ju, Husan Ali, Sami Ullah Jan, Dawar Awan, Shahbaz Khan, Abdul Wadood, Bakht Muhammad Khan, Akhtar Ali, and Tahir Khurshaid. "Behavioral Modeling Paradigm for DC Nanogrid Based Distributed Energy Systems." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 7904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237904.

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The remarkable progress of power electronic converters (PEC) technology has led to their increased penetration in distributed energy systems (DES). Particularly, the direct current (dc) nanogrid-based DES embody a variety of sources and loads, connected through a central dc bus. Therefore, PECs are required to be employed as an interface. It would facilitate incorporation of the renewable energy sources and battery storage system into dc nanogrids. However, it is more challenging as the integration of multiple modules may cause instabilities in the overall system dynamics. Future dc nanogrids are envisioned to deploy ready-to-use commercial PEC, for which designers have no insight into their dynamic behavior. Furthermore, the high variability of the operating conditions constitute a new paradigm in dc nanogrids. It exacerbates the dynamic analysis using traditional techniques. Therefore, the current work proposes behavioral modeling to perform system level analysis of a dc nanogrid-based DES. It relies only on the data acquired via measurements performed at the input–output terminals only. To verify the accuracy of the model, large signal disturbances are applied. The matching of results for the switch model and its behavioral model verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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Skouros, Ioannis, and Athanasios Karlis. "A Study on the V2G Technology Incorporation in a DC Nanogrid and on the Provision of Voltage Regulation to the Power Grid." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 23, 2020): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102655.

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Currently, environmental and climate change issues raise a lot of concerns related to conventional vehicles and renewable energy generation methods. Thus, more and more researchers around the world focus on the development and deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Additionally, due to the technological advancements in power electronics and electrical batteries, Electrical Vehicles (EVs) are becoming more and more popular. In addition, according to the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operation, the EV batteries can provide electrical energy to the power grid. In this way, many ancillary services can be provided. A Direct Current (DC) nanogrid can be composed by combining the aforementioned technologies. Nanogrids present high efficiency and provide a simple interaction with renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. Firstly, the present study describes the design considerations of a DC nanogrid as well as the control strategies that have to be applied in order to make the V2G operation feasible. Furthermore, the provision of voltage regulation toward the power grid is investigated though the bidirectional transfer of active and reactive power between the DC nanogrid and the power grid. Afterwards, the voltage regulation techniques are applied in an Alternating Current (AC) radial distribution grid are investigated. The proposed system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink software and though the simulation scenarios the impact of the voltage regulation provided by the DC nanogrid is investigated.

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Sriyono, Sriyono, and Budiyanto Budiyanto. "Studi Penggunaan DC Nanogrid dengan Sumber Photovoltaic pada Beban Bertegangan dibawah Dua Puluh Empat Volt." RESISTOR (elektRonika kEndali telekomunikaSI tenaga liSTrik kOmputeR) 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/resistor.2.1.1-6.

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Nanogrid adalah sistem terdistribusi dari suatu energi terbarukan yang digunakan untuk aplikasi rumah tangga berdaya rendah. Dc Nanogrid terdiri dari sistem Photovoltaic surya sebagai sumber energi, Maximum Power Point Tracking, converter, battery dan beban. Dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan konsep umum dan kelayakan praktis dari sistem energi terbuka berbasis dc yang mengusulkan cara alternatif untuk merubah jaringan konvensional dari PLN menjadi jaringan yang lebih ramah lingkungan, aman, efisien, praktis dan cara mendapatkan energinya gratis karena bersumber dari matahari. Dalam tahap awal konsep nanogrid DC ini peneliti menggunakan beban rumah tangga yang bertegangan di bawah dua puluh empat volt. Dc Nanogrid ini menggunakan dengan DC bus untuk mentransmisikan teganan dari battery menuju ke beban, dan di sertai dengan konverter dc-dc jenis buck dan boost. Converter ini berfungsi untuk menyesuaikan kebutuhan tegangan pada masing- basing beban yang di gunakan pada penelitian. beban yang di gunakan pada penelitian adalah handphone, mobil maianan , lampu LED 12 volt dan motor DC 24 volt.

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Sulaeman, Ilman, Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli, Aditya Shekhar, and Pavol Bauer. "Comparison of AC and DC Nanogrid for Office Buildings with EV Charging, PV and Battery Storage." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185800.

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Future office buildings are expected to be integrated with energy intensive, inherently DC components such as photovoltaic panels (PV), electric vehicles (EV), LED lighting, and battery storage. This paper conceptualizes the interconnection of these components through a 750 V DC nanogrid as against a conventional three-phase 400 V AC system. The factors influencing the performance of a DC-based nanogrid are identified and a comparative analysis with respect to a conventional AC nanogrid is presented in terms of efficiency, stability, and protection. It is proved how the minimization of grid energy exchange through power management is a vital system design choice. Secondly, the trade-off between stability, protection, and cost for sizing of the DC buffer capacitors is explored. The transient system response to different fault conditions for both AC and DC nanogrid is investigated. Finally the differences between the two systems in terms of various safety aspects are highlighted.

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Santoro, Danilo, Nicola Delmonte, Marco Simonazzi, Andrea Toscani, Nicholas Rocchi, Giovanna Sozzi, Paolo Cova, and Roberto Menozzi. "Local Power Distribution—A Review of Nanogrid Architectures, Control Strategies, and Converters." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032759.

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Environmental issues and the global need to extend sustainable access to electricity have fostered a huge amount of research in distributed generation by renewables. The challenges posed by the widespread deployment of distributed generation by renewables, such as intermittent power generation, low inertia, the need for energy storage, etc., call for the development of smart grids serving specific local areas or buildings, referred to as microgrids and nanogrids, respectively. This has led in the last decades to the proposal and actual implementation of a wide variety of system architectures and solutions, and along with that the issue of the power converters needed for interfacing the AC grid with DC micro- or nanogrids, and for DC regulation within the latter. This work offers an overview of the state of the art of research and application of nanogrid architectures, control strategies, and power converter topologies.

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Habeeb, Salwan Ali, Marcos Tostado-Véliz, Hany M. Hasanien, Rania A. Turky, Wisam Kaream Meteab, and Francisco Jurado. "DC Nanogrids for Integration of Demand Response and Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructures: Appraisal, Optimal Scheduling and Analysis." Electronics 10, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202484.

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With the development of electronic infrastructures and communication technologies and protocols, electric grids have evolved towards the concept of Smart Grids, which enable the communication of the different agents involved in their operation, thus notably increasing their efficiency. In this context, microgrids and nanogrids have emerged as invaluable frameworks for optimal integration of renewable sources, electric mobility, energy storage facilities and demand response programs. This paper discusses a DC isolated nanogrid layout for the integration of renewable generators, battery energy storage, demand response activities and electric vehicle charging infrastructures. Moreover, a stochastic optimal scheduling tool is developed for the studied nanogrid, suitable for operators integrated into local service entities along with the energy retailer. A stochastic model is developed for fast charging stations in particular. A case study serves to validate the developed tool and analyze the economical and operational implications of demand response programs and charging infrastructures. Results evidence the importance of demand response initiatives in the economic profit of the retailer.

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Malkawi, Ahmad M. A., and Luiz A. C. Lopes. "Improved Dynamic Voltage Regulation in a Droop Controlled DC Nanogrid Employing Independently Controlled Battery and Supercapacitor Units." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091525.

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DC bus voltage signaling (DBS) and droop control are frequently employed in DC nano and microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs) operating in a decentralized way. This approach is effective in enforcing the desired contributions of power sources and energy storage systems (ESSs) in steady-state conditions. The use of supercapacitors (SCs) along with batteries in a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can mitigate the impact of high and fast current variations on the losses and lifetime of the battery units. However, by controlling the HESS as a single unit, one forfeits the potential contribution of the SC and its high power capabilities to dynamically improve voltage regulation in a DC nanogrid. This paper discusses an approach where the SC interface is controlled independently from the battery interface, with a small droop factor and a high pass filter (HPF), to produce high and short current pulses and smooth DC bus voltage variations due to sudden power imbalances in the DC nanogrid. Experimental results are presented to show that, unlike in a conventional HESS, the SC unit can be used to improve the dynamic voltage regulation of the DC nanogrid and, indirectly, mitigate the high and fast current variations in the battery.

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Malkawi, Ahmad M. A., Ayman AL-Quraan, and Luiz A. C. Lopes. "A Droop-Controlled Interlink Converter for A Dual DC Bus Nanogrid with Decentralized Control." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 10394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310394.

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This paper proposed a dual DC bus nanogrid with 380 V and 48 V buses and allows the integration of distributed energy resources on two buses. The proposed system employs an interlink converter to enable power sharing between the buses. The integration of distributed energy resources has been found to enhance the reliability of the low-voltage bus in comparison to those that lack such integration. The integration process requires the introduction of a new V-I curve for the interlink converter within a DC nanogrid controlled by DC bus signaling and droop control. Furthermore, selecting a power electronics converter for the interlink converter is essential. This paper employs a dual active bridge with galvanic isolation as an interlink converter and proposes a control strategy for the converter that relies on DC bus signaling and droop control. Moreover, this control methodology serves the purpose of preventing any detrimental impact of the interlink converter on the DC buses through the reprogramming of the V-I curve. Subsequently, the suggested control methodology underwent simulation testing via MATLAB/Simulink, which included two different test categories. Initially, the DAB was evaluated as an interlink converter, followed by a comprehensive assessment of the interlink converter in a complete dual DC bus nanogrid. The results indicate that the DAB has the potential to function as an interlink converter while the suggested control approach effectively manages the power sharing between the two buses.

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Дисертації з теми "DC NANOGRID"

Schonberger, John Karl. "Distributed Control of a Nanogrid Using DC Bus Signalling." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1072.

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A nanogrid is a standalone hybrid renewable system that uses distributed renewable and non-renewable sources to supply power to local loads. The system is based on power electronics, with interface converters allowing the sources to supply power to the system and the loads to draw power from the system. The nanogrid is typically designed such that renewable sources supply the average load demand, while storage and non-renewable generation are used to ensure that the loads enjoy a continuous supply of power in the presence of the stochastic renewable sources. To maintain the power balance in the system while maximising use of the renewable sources, all sources in the system are scheduled according to a supply-side control law. The renewable sources are used wherever possible and the storage is operated as a slack power bus. The storage is controlled to absorb any excess power from the renewable sources and release it to the system when necessary. The non-renewable generation is only brought online when the storage and renewable sources are incapable of balancing the load demand. While the primary method for maintaining the power balance in the nanogrid is scheduling the sources according to a supply-side control law, a demand-side control law may also be used to help maintain the power balance in the system or protect the system from a complete collapse under overload conditions. A demand-side control strategy is implemented by shedding loads when the load exceeds the available generation, beginning with those loads having the lowest utilisation priority. Hybrid renewable systems are typically designed and controlled in a similar manner to the traditional ac power system, operating at 50/60~Hz, and maintaining the power balance in the system using frequency droop for power sharing and central coordination for scheduling the sources. However a nanogrid has different components compared to the ac system, employing power electronic converters to interface the sources and loads to the system. The control flexibility afforded by the use of power electronic interface converters opens the door to new transmission and control possibilities. This thesis evaluates a number of transmission options ranging from dc to high frequency ac in order to determine an operating frequency that is suitable for this niche system. A number of control topologies are also investigated to find a low cost strategy for implementing a supply-side control law. DC is selected as the operating frequency of choice largely for its simpler source interface requirements. A novel control strategy, dc bus signalling (DBS), is proposed as a means of implementing a supply-side control law. Its distributed structure maintains the modularity inherent in the distributed structure of the nanogrid. DBS uses the voltage level of the dc bus to convey system information. With a supply-side control law implemented using DBS, the source and storage interface converters operate autonomously based on the voltage level of the dc bus. The converters not only respond to the level of the dc bus, but they also change the level of the dc bus, automatically controlling other converters in the system. This thesis presents the theory of operation behind this control strategy and outlines a method for implementing a supply-side control law. A method for ensuring that the supply-side control law operates in a practical system where transmission line impedance affects the information conveyed by the dc bus is also given. For completeness, a method for implementing a demand-side control law using DBS is also presented. A simulation model of a nanogrid is presented and results are obtained to demonstrate the operation of DBS. The design of a small experimental system is also presented, and results are obtained to verify the operation of this new control strategy in a practical system. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing supply and demand-side control laws in a nanogrid using DBS, even in the presence of transmission line impedance.

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Hassan, Waqas. "Design and Development of High Voltage Gain and High Efficiency DC-DC Power Converters with Reduced Voltage Stress." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23962.

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High voltage conversion gain DC-DC power converters are essential for many applications, such as power supply, renewable energy generation, DC nanogrids, energy storage systems (ESSs), electric vehicles (EVs), and a myriad of industrial applications. A high step-up/down power conversion presents several design challenges to realise the high-voltage gain, high efficiency, soft-switching, low component count, and to reduce voltage stress across devices for a wide range of operation. The conventional non-isolated converters, such as boost and buck-boost, are unable to achieve the above requirement. The isolated topologies typically employ a high-frequency transformer to realise a high conversion ratio of voltage. The voltage gain primarily depends on the turns ratio of the transformer, which becomes challenging when considering associated cost, size, power losses, and leakage inductance. Several topologies were proposed in the past to achieve the high-voltage conversion ratio. However, they generally cannot maintain low voltage stress for a wide range of operation, resulting in power losses, escalating cost, and low power density. The lack of scalability and modularity in structures is another shortcoming that limits their wide application. Furthermore, the realisation of soft-switching generally requires high component count and complexity. This dissertation proposes and investigates new topologies for high conversion gain DC-DC power converters to overcome the limitations present in past topologies and techniques. The proposed topologies optimally integrate switched capacitor and coupled inductor techniques to extract the benefits of both in attaining improved performance. The coupled inductor technique primarily supports the achievement of high conversion gain, while the switched capacitor technique facilitates the reduction of voltage stress on devices. The integrated clamp circuits with switched capacitor and coupled inductor techniques clamp and recycle the leakage energy, suppress the voltage spike and destructive ringing across the switching node, and further minimise the voltage stress. Thus, the proposed converters can effectively achieve a high voltage gain and realise low and steady voltage stress on the semiconductor devices for the entire duty cycle operation. This feature is particularly essential to realising high efficiency and potentially high power density converters. Therefore, a low voltage rating and on-state resistance switch can be utilised to improve the conversion efficiency. Scalability is another design feature, with the possibility to extend the structure controlled by a single switch by adding more cells to boost the voltage gain further. Furthermore, the concept of soft switching with a single switch is realised in one proposed high step-up converter. The operation principle, steady-state analyses, power loss, efficiency analysis, component selection, and performance comparison with state of the art are presented in detail for each converter. The performance expectation of the proposed converters is substantiated by developing and testing 200–300 W hardware prototype circuits for 30 V to 380 V conversion in the laboratory. The proposed solution demonstrated the highest efficiency of 96.72% and the EU efficiency of 96.32%, and the switch voltage stress is significantly curtailed to 1/6th of the output voltage.

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Nguyen, Thanh Lich [Verfasser], Gerd [Akademischer Betreuer] Griepentrog, and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Konigorski. "A Control Strategy for Self-Sustained and Flexible DC Nanogrids / Thanh Lich Nguyen ; Gerd Griepentrog, Ulrich Konigorski." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191369897/34.

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Richardson, Anthony James. "Determination of nanogram mass and measurement of polymer solution free volume using thickness-shear mode (tsm) quartz resonators." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003282.

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GUPTA, NIKITA. "MODELLING, DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PV BASED MICROGRID." Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16491.

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Анотація:

In recent years, with the exhaustion of fossil fuels and increasing public awareness about the use of green energy, the renewable energy has gained popularity and is emerging as an important source of energy. Also, the electrical power grid is on the threshold of a paradigm shift from centralized power generation, transmission and massive electric grids to distributed generation (DG). DG basically uses small-scale generators, like photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbine, fuel cells, small and micro hydropower, diesel generator set, etc., and is confined to small distribution networks to produce power close to the end users. Renewable energy sources (RES) are the important constituents of DG and provide electricity with higher reliability and security and have fewer harmful environmental consequences than traditional power generators. With increased penetration of DGs into the traditional grid system, it is required to resolve the technical and operational problems viz. power quality, voltage instability, fault identification and clearing, etc. brought by the DG deployment. PV based microgrid may be one of the solutions to meet these challenges. A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed generators within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. It can be connected and disconnected from the grid to enable it to operate either in grid-tied or standalone mode. Grid-tied PV based microgrid can be either single-stage or two-stage depending on the technical requirements. In single stage configuration, PV array is directly connected to a DC/AC converter whereas in two-stage configuration an additional DC/DC converter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) capability is connected in between the PV array and DC/AC converter and provides the desired DC voltage to the inverter. This research work aims at modelling, design and development of a two-stage threephase grid-tied PV based microgrid. In order to predict the behaviour of the designed system under steady state as well as in the dynamic state, modelling of the overall system has been carried out. Steady state response of the PV based microgrid is studied from its mathematical model comprising of the governing equations of the designed vii system. Characterization studies viz. sensitivity and reliability analysis are the performance indicators of any system. Accordingly, the sensitivity analysis of the designed system has been performed and the sensitivity functions of the major components, i.e. solar cell and converter have been developed. Also, component and system level reliability analysis have been performed for the system under consideration. In the present work, the two stages of power conversion consist of boost converter and grid interfacing inverter. The DC-DC converter is used to boost the output voltage of the PV array to the required DC link voltage level along with the functionality of tracking the maximum power obtained from PV array under varying irradiation and temperature. The PV inverter is used to convert the generated DC voltage to AC of required voltage and frequency and to maintain the power balance between DG, load and grid. The interfacing control algorithms are used to control the inverter for its efficient utilization and grid synchronization. Conventional control algorithms use feedback controller like proportional integral (PI) controller for DC-link voltage control. These controllers are not best suited for nonlinear systems like PV based microgrid as the overshoots and long settling time in their response are inevitable. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional algorithms, an intelligent asymmetrical fuzzy logic (AFL) based interfacing control algorithm and feedforwardfeedback adaptive interfacing control algorithm are proposed and developed for the PV inverter. The proposed algorithms also improves the utilization of the proposed system by incorporating additional features of active power filter (APF), VAR generation, and load balancing in the inverter. Grid interconnection of PV based microgrid has the advantage of efficient utilization of generated power. But the technical requirements from the utility grid side need to be satisfied to ensure the safety of the operators and the reliability of the utility grid. According to IEEE Std 1547-2003, one such technical requirement of the grid interconnection is the response of the microgrid to islanding. This research work proposes a novel islanding detection algorithm based on the estimation and analysis of negative sequence components of the voltage (Vneg) at the point of common coupling (PCC). Wavelet packet transform (WPT) is used for the features extraction from Vneg viii components. The binary tree classifier is used to discriminate between other disturbances and islanding condition. The proposed algorithm is capable of detecting islanding events even under the worst-case scenario, where the inverter output power is nearly equal to the local load consumption. Also, the proposed method is faster than the existing passive detection methods. A standalone PV system can be used efficiently and economically to feed household loads, the majority of which works on DC power, such as LED (Light Emitting Diodes) lights, BLDC (Brushless DC) drives, mobile phones, computers, televisions, etc. Standalone PV system feeding DC power directly to loads can be an attractive solution to locally utilize DC electricity with minimum distribution and conversion losses. This concept has recently resulted in a novel grid system known as DC nanogrid. A DC nanogrid supplies the residential and commercial loads which may operate on AC or DC voltage of different utilization levels. Interfacing such variety of loads and controlling power flow between these loads presents an interesting challenge. Multiple dedicated converters can serve the purpose, but they exhibit the problems of power flow coordination, low efficiency, higher component count, and the increased size of the system. The last objective of this research is to develop innovative multi-terminal voltage converters for renewable-energy applications. A PV based multi-terminal DC nanogrid is developed using dual-input single-output (DISO) and single-input dualoutput (SIDO) converter configurations with improved reliability and efficiency. The characterization studies of these converters such as sensitivity analysis and reliability analysis have been carried out. Also, the performance of the developed converter configurations are investigated using MATLAB along with Simulink toolbox. The SIDO converter configurations are experimentally validated using a 100W prototype, built and tested in the laboratory of DTU for practical applications. The research work presented in the thesis is expected to provide good exposure to design, development and control of the grid-tied PV based microgrid and DC nanogrid

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(10730034), Jonathan Ore. "The DC Nanogrid House: Converting a Residential Building from AC to DC Power to Improve Energy Efficiency." Thesis, 2021.

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Анотація:

The modern U.S. power grid is susceptible to a variety of vulnerabilities, ranging from aging infrastructure, increasing demand, and unprecedented interactions (e.g., distributed energy resources (DERs) generating energy back to the grid, etc.). In addition, the rapid growth of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) affords promising new capabilities, but also accompanies a simultaneous risk of cybersecurity deficiencies. Coupled with an electrical network referred to as one of the most complex systems of all time, and an overall D+ rating from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), these caveats necessitate revaluation of the electrical grid for future sustainability. Several solutions have been proposed, which can operate in varying levels of coordination. A microgrid topology provides a means of enhancing the power grid, but does not fundamentally solve a critical issue surrounding energy consumption at the endpoint of use. This results from the necessary conversion of Alternating Current (AC) power to Direct Current (DC) power in the vast majority of devices and appliances, which leads to a loss in usable energy. This situation is further exacerbated when considering energy production from renewable resources, which naturally output DC power. To transport this energy to the point of application, an initial conversion from DC to AC is necessary (resulting in loss), followed by another conversion back to DC from AC (resulting in loss).

Tackling these losses requires a much finer level of resolution, namely that at the component level. If the network one level below the microgrid, i.e. the nanogrid, operated completely on DC power, these losses could be significantly reduced or nearly eliminated altogether. This network can be composed of appliances and equipment within a single building, coupled with an energy storage device and localized DERs to produce power when feasible. In addition, a grid-tie to the outside AC network can be utilized when necessary to power devices, or satisfy storage needs.

This research demonstrates the novel implementation of a DC nanogrid within a residential setting known as The DC Nanogrid House, encompassing a complete household conversion from AC to DC power. The DC House functions as a veritable living laboratory, housing three graduate students living and working normally in the home. Within the house, a nanogrid design is developed in partnership with renewable energy generation, and controlled through an Energy Management System (EMS). The EMS developed in this project manages energy distribution throughout the house and the bi-directional inverter tied to the outside power grid. Alongside the nanogrid, household appliances possessing a significant yearly energy consumption are retrofitted to accept DC inputs. These modified appliances are tested in a laboratory setting under baseline conditions, and compared against AC equivalent original equipment manufacturer (OEM) models for power and performance analysis. Finally, the retrofitted devices are then installed in the DC Nanogrid House and operated under normal living conditions for continued evaluation.

To complement the DC nanogrid, a comprehensive sensing network of IoT devices are deployed to provide room-by-room fidelity of building metrics, including proximity, air quality, temperature and humidity, illuminance, and many others. The IoT system employs Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology operating directly on DC voltages, enabling simultaneous communication and energy supply within the nanogrid. Using the aggregation of data collected from this network, machine learning models are constructed to identify additional energy saving opportunities, enhance overall building comfort, and support the safety of all occupants.

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Nguyen, Thanh Lich. "A Control Strategy for Self-Sustained and Flexible DC Nanogrids." Phd thesis, 2019. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/8908/1/2019-07-17-Nguyen%20Thanh%20Lich.pdf.

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Анотація:

Microgrids are becoming a potential solution for combining distributed generation units, such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines and energy storage systems. As a simple and small version of a microgrid, a nanogrid is a power distribution system that is suitable for a single node, such as a small building or a private house. The nanogrid can be flexibly connected to or disconnected from other power entities through a gateway. In most cases, the nanogrid is connected to the utility grid to avoid the power outage and to increase the operational efficiency. However, the current standalone nanogrid model is not suitable because an imbalance between the generated and consumed electrical power might occur. The main objective of this research work is to develop a self-sustained and flexible control strategy for autonomous direct current (DC) nanogrids in remote and rural areas without the need for a communication system. The proposed control strategy for the nanogrids is based upon a hierarchical control, in which the primary control manages the power balance inside the nanogrids and the secondary control is responsible for removing deviation of the DC bus voltage caused by droop operation. The state of charge (SoC) of the battery and the external DC bus voltage are taken into account in the proposed control strategy in order to avoid the overcharge/deep discharge of the battery as well as the collapse of the external DC bus. The control algorithm also ensures a flexible exchange of power inside a nanogrid as well as among multiple nanogrids without any extra digital communication link. Bidirectional power flow among multiple nanogrids is implemented through a dedicated interconnected bidirectional Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter installed inside each nanogrid to ensure a galvanic isolation among multiple, interconnected nanogrids. The proposed control strategy is validated through both simulations and experiments. Simulation and experimental results are used to validate the operation of the proposed control algorithm and prove the resemblance between theory and experiments. However, in order to implement the proposed control strategy, a model of the DC nanogrid has to be developed. For that reason, modeling of every single converter in the system should be conducted. The second important contribution of this research is modeling and control for converters independently, including a bidirectional buck converter and a dual active bridge converter. A small-signal model based on the state-space averaging technique for the bidirectional buck converter is developed, in which only the mean value (i.e. “zeroth” harmonic) of the state variables is taken into account. On the other hand, the generalized state-space averaging-based modeling method is used to obtain the state-space representation of the DAB converter, in which the direct current (DC) component and the fundamental harmonics in the Fourier series expansion of state variables are considered. Transfer functions from control-to-output are determined, which will be used to define two controllers for the current and voltage loops in a cascaded control structure. Simulations and experiments will be used to validate the operation of the proposed method. As aforementioned, modeling and control for each converter in the DC nanogrid is performed separately. Nevertheless, when these converters are connected to form a complete DC nanogrid, they will affect each other and the stability of the entire system is influenced as well. To overcome this problem, a model of the entire system has to be developed and the system stability has to be analyzed. For this purpose, the small-signal transfer function of a DC nanogrid is synthesized from the small-signal transfer functions of every single converter of the system. Using this transfer function, the system stability is analyzed and the secondary controller is designed. Simulation and experimental results are used to verify a stable operation of the DC nanogrid system.

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Частини книг з теми "DC NANOGRID"

Shankar, Praveen, and Rakesh Maurya. "A Power Converter for Stand-Alone Nanogrid with the Feature of DC Microgrid Applications." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 113–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1978-6_10.

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Bauomy, Maged F., Haytham Gamal, and Adel A. Shaltout. "Solar PV DC nanogrid dynamic modeling applying the polynomial computational method for MPPT." In Advances in Clean Energy Technologies, 19–87. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821221-9.00002-5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "DC NANOGRID"

Kang, GoWoon, JooWon Park, SooHyun Shin, and HyoSik Yang. "DC Nanogrid using IEC 61850." In 2023 25th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icact56868.2023.10079288.

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Joseph, Sigi C., V. Chandrasekar, P. R. Dhanesh, Ajlif A. Mohammed, and S. Ashok. "Battery Management System for DC Nanogrid." In 2018 20th National Power Systems Conference (NPSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/npsc.2018.8771838.

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Parajuli, S., Anuradha Tomar, and Phuong Hong Nguyen. "Coordinated Control of DC-Nanogrid Cluster." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgre52268.2022.9715927.

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Silva, David, Ricardo Aceves, and Ernesto Sanchez. "Multifunction controller and DC revenue meter for nanogrid." In 2017 IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdcm.2017.8001068.

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Mujumdar, Uday B., and D. R. Tutkane. "Parallel MPPT for PV based residential DC Nanogrid." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iic.2015.7150958.

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Joseph, Sigi C., Ajlif A. Mohammed, P. R. Dhanesh, and S. Ashok. "Smart Power Management for DC Nanogrid Based Building." In 2018 IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems (RAICS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/raics.2018.8635070.

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Amrane, Y., N. E. Y. Kouba, Y. Hentabli, and H. Mohamed-Seghir. "Intelligent Energy Management for a Building DC Nanogrid." In 2022 IEEE 21st International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sta56120.2022.10019027.

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Bauomy, Maged F., Haytham Gamal, and Adel A. Shaltout. "Wind Energy DC Nanogrid Dynamic Modelling and MPPT Operation." In 2019 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sgre46976.2019.9021107.

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Barone, Giuseppe, Giovanni Brusco, Daniele Menniti, Anna Pinnarelli, Gaetano Polizzi, Nicola Sorrentino, and Pasquale Vizza. "Numerical Simulation of a modular and expandable DC nanoGrid." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2022 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope54979.2022.9854533.

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Roasto, Indrek, Andrei Blinov, and Dmitri Vinnikov. "Soft Start Algorithm for a Droop Controlled dc Nanogrid." In 2022 18th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bec56180.2022.9935608.

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