Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Datation Ar-Ar et U-Pb"

New K-Ar Cooling Ages of Granitoids from the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif, SW Poland The Strzegom-Sobótka Variscan Massif (Fore-Sudetic Block, NE Bohemian Massif) consists of various post-kinematic Variscan granitoids emplaced into Palaeozoic low grade metamorphic rocks. Biotite from five samples representing the hornblende-biotite monzogranite, biotite monzogranite and biotite granodiorite has been dated using the K-Ar method for two size-fractions (0.25-0.35 and 0.35-0.5 mm). Finer fractions show more intense chloritization and therefore the results for them were rejected in further discussion. Coarser fractions with higher potassium content were accepted as yielding a maximum estimate approaching the true K-Ar biotite cooling ages. The results are clustered in two groups. The older age group (308.8±4.6 Ma and 305.5±4.3 Ma) comprises results obtained from the biotite granodiorites. They are generally consistent with the zircon crystallization age of 308.4±1.7 Ma reported by Turniak et al. (2005) and imply rapid cooling of the biotite granodiorite from magmatic temperatures down to the closure temperature of K-Ar isotopic system in biotite. The younger group is defined by 291.0±4.4 Ma and 298.7±5.2 Ma ages for the hornblende-biotite monzogranite and 294.2±4.3 Ma age for the biotite monzogranite. In the absence of precise U-Pb or Pb-Pb zircon data further geochronological studies are needed to decipher precisely the cooling history of the monzogranites.

AbstractThe accessories perovskite, pyrochlore, zirconolite, calzirtite and melanite from carbonatites and carbonate-rich foidites from the Kaiserstuhl are variously suited for the in situ determination of their U–Pb ages and Sr, Nd- and Hf-isotope ratios by LA-ICP-MS. The 143Nd/144Nd ratios may be determined precisely in all five phases, the 176Hf/177Hf ratios only in calzirtite and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios in perovskites and pyrochlores. The carbonatites and carbonate-rich foidites belong to one of the three magmatic groups that Schleicher et al. (1990) distinguished in the Kaiserstuhl on the basis of their Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios. Tephrites, phonolites and essexites (nepheline monzogabbros) form the second and limburgites (nepheline basanites) and olivine nephelinites the third. Our 87Sr/86Sr isotope data from the accessories overlap with the carbonatite and olivine nephelinite fields defined by Schleicher et al. (1990) but exhibit a much narrower range. These and the εNd and εHf values plot along the mantle array in the field of oceanic island basalts relatively close to mid-ocean ridge basalts. Previously reported K–Ar, Ar–Ar and fission track ages for the Kaiserstuhl lie between 16.2 and 17.8 Ma. They stem entirely from the geologically older tephrites, phonolites and essexites. No ages existed so far for the geologically younger carbonatites and carbonate-rich foidites except for one apatite fission track age (15.8 Ma). We obtained precise U–Pb ages for zirconolites and calzirtites of 15.66, respectively 15.5 Ma (± 0.1 2σ) and for pyrochlores of 15.35 ± 0.24 Ma. Only the perovskites from the Badberg soevite yielded a U–P concordia age of 14.56 ± 0.86 Ma while the perovskites from bergalites (haüyne melilitites) only gave 206Pb/238U and 208Pb/232Th ages of 15.26 ± 0.21, respectively, 15.28 ± 0.48 Ma. The main Kaiserstuhl rock types were emplaced over a time span of 1.6 Ma almost 1 million years before the carbonatites and carbonate-rich foidites. These were emplaced within only 0.32 Ma.

Abstract The eastern part of the “Seuil du Poitou” area had been selected by the French National radioactive waste management agency (ANDRA) as a potential site for building an underground laboratory in granitic rocks. 17 cored bore holes, completed by petrographical, geochemical [Cuney et al., 2001], geophysical [Virlogeux et al., 1999] and structural [Gros and Genter, 1999] studies, have provided a detailed knowledge of the Charroux-Civray complex, hidden under a Jurassic sedimentary cover. Three main types of magmas were distinguished : medium-K calk-alkaline, high-K calk-alkaline and peraluminous. The first two types are largely predominant and belong to the “Limousin Tonalitic line” (LTL) [Peiffer, 1985 ; 1986]. They were emplaced between 356 ± 5 Ma to 349 ± 5 Ma from U-Pb dating of zircon [Bertrand et al., 2001], at a depth of 14 ± 2 km [Freiberger et al., 2001]. This work aims to reconstruct the thermochronological evolution of the Charroux-Civray complex from 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite and amphibole, combined with available U/Pb ages [Bertrand et al., 2001] and thermo-barometric data derived from mineral paragenesis and fluid inclusions [Freiberger et al., 2001]. This reconstruction may provide interesting constraints on a stage not well understood in the evolution of the French Massif Central : the emplacement of the LTL granitoids. The datings were performed on alteration-free, single grain of biotite and amphibole from the main petrologic types, according to the procedure described by Ruffet et al. [1991] and [1995]. The closure temperatures of the isotopic systems have been assumed to be 300 ± 30 oC for biotites, 500 ± 50 oC for amphiboles, and 850 ± 50 oC for zircons [Villa, 1998 ; McDougall and Harrison, 1999]. Six samples were dated : two tonalites (samples 112 and 212t), a monzogranite (sample 106), a monzogabbro-diorite (sample 115), a monzodiorite (sample 104), and a granodiorite (sample 105). Some of the analyses have been performed twice to test the reproducibility of the 40Ar/39Ar measurements. The 14 age spectra obtained may be divided into four groups : plateau ages, which provide robust ages for the amphiboles of samples 104, 106, 112, and biotites from samples 106, 115 and 212t ; pseudo-plateaux ages : three biotites (samples 104, 105 and 112) display spectrum shapes that could be interpreted as resulting from 39Ar recoil, related to an incipient chloritisation [Ruffet et al., 1991 ; McDougall and Harrison, 1999]. The most reliable ages are therefore close to the apparent ages given by the high temperature steps ; 40Ar* excess, as suggested by the spectrum shape of the amphibole from sample 212t [McDougall and Harrison, 1999]. The preferred age is defined with 83 % of released gas, and has been confirmed by a duplicate analysis ; a meaningless spectrum has been obtained on the amphiboles from sample 115. A duplicate analysis provided an approximate age of 347 ± 1 Ma, calculated on a relatively flat segment of the age spectrum. These results show that : (1) the closure of the isotopic system of the amphiboles occurred at approximately the same time over the entire complex (about 348 Ma) ; (2) the closure of the isotopic system of the biotites occurred slightly after the closure of the amphiboles, but spread over a larger time interval (350–343 Ma), (3) all the samples display high temperature gradients between 500 and 300 oC (> 40 oC.my-1). These results are in good agreement with mineralogical and fluid inclusion thermo-barometric data [Freiberger et al., 2001]. Two scénarios may be invoked to explain such high temperature gradients : a fast exhumation episode (several mm/y) during the 350–340 Ma period. This model is not acceptable because it is incompatible with pre- and post-intrusion conditions constrained by thermo-barometric data ; a fast thermal equilibration of the complex with surrounding rocks at the end of a succession of nearly-synchronous emplacement of calk-alkaline intrusions. First-order numerical models were used to simulate the thermal equilibration of the intrusive bodies with surrounding rocks, assuming a purely conductive heat regime [Carslaw and Jaeger, 1959]. These models show that according to the size of intrusions, the thermal equilibrium with surrounding rocks is reached in less than 5 to 10 m.y. The calculated temperature gradients derived from these models are compatible with those deduced from 40Ar/39Ar ages. These data confirm the existence of a major calk-alkaline magmatic event on the Seuil du Poitou, at about 355–350 Ma, which would be synchronous with the emplacement of the large peraluminous Guéret-type granodiorites in the northern Limousin. The 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages indicate that a regional temperature of 250–300 oC was reached at ca. 340 Ma at a depth of about 9 km.

Abstract. The Pevek region of Arctic Russia provides excellent beach cliff exposure of sedimentary and igneous rocks that yield detailed information on the nature, progression and timing of structural events in this region. Regional folding and thrust faulting, with the development of a south-dipping axial plane cleavage/foliation developed during N-S to NE-SW directed shortening and formation of the Chukotka-Anyui fold belt. This deformation involves strata as young as Valanginian (136–140 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004). Fold-related structures are cut by intermediate to silicic batholiths, plutons and dikes of Cretaceous age. Reported K-Ar whole rock and mineral ages on the granitoids range from 144 to 85 Ma, but to the south, more reliable U-Pb zircon ages on compositionally similar plutons yield a much narrower age range of ~120–105 Ma (Miller et al., this volume) and a pluton in Pevek yields a U-Pb age on zircon of 108.1±1.1 Ma with evidence for inheritance of slightly older 115 Ma zircons. Magmas were intruded during an episode of E-W to ENE-WSW directed regional extension based on the consistent N-S to NNW-SSE orientation of over 800 mapped dikes and quartz veins. Analysis of small-offset faults and slickensides yield results compatible with those inferred from the dikes. Younger tectonic activity across this region is minor and the locus of magmatic activity moved southward towards the Pacific margin as represented by the <90 Ma Okhotsk-Chukotsk volcanic belt (OCVB). A lengthy period of uplift and erosion occurred after emplacement of Cretaceous plutons and produced the peneplain beneath the younger OCVB. Based on our studies, we speculate that ~120–105 Ma magmatism, which heralds a change in tectonic regime from compression to extension, could represent one of the consequences of the inception of rifting in the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic, forming the Makarov Basin north of the Siberian shelf at this longitude. A synthesis of available seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic data for the offshore Siberian Shelf reveals a widespread, seismically mappable basement-sedimentary cover contact that deepens northward towards the edge of the shelf with few other significant basins. Various ages have been assigned to the oldest strata above the unconformity, ranging from Cretaceous (Albian – 112–100 Ma) to Tertiary (Paleocene–Eocene – ~60–50 Ma). The period of uplift and erosion documented along the Arctic coast of Russia at this longitude could represent the landward equivalent of the (yet undrilled) offshore basement-sedimentary cover contact, thus overlying sedimentary sequences could be as old as early Late Cretaceous. Although quite speculative, these conclusions suggest that land-based geologic, structural, petrologic and geochronologic studies could provide useful constraints to help resolve the plate tectonic history of the Arctic Ocean.

Abstract CLL cases display heterogeneous responses to B cell receptor (BCR) engagement which correlate with clinical course and survival. Typically, cases with more aggressive disease show greater activation of downstream signaling molecules, such as the kinases SYK, AKT and ERK, upon BCR engagement. The heterogeneous BCR signaling responses have been attributed to varying levels of anergy occurring as a consequence of chronic antigen engagement in the absence of T cell help. However, an alternative explanation for the anergic phenotype is that it is induced by binding of serum IgM to the high-affinity Fcμ receptor (FCMR), which is highly overexpressed on CLL cells and has been reported to physically interact with the BCR in normal murine B cells. To investigate whether binding of soluble IgM to the FCMR can affect BCR signaling, we investigated activation of downstream BCR signaling molecules in primary CLL B cells after FCMR prestimulation with monoclonal IgM or Fcμ fragment followed by BCR stimulation with polyclonal anti-light chain antibody. For 10 of the 18 cases tested, substantial reduction in the levels of phospho-SYK, phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK was observed in IgM- or Fcμ-prestimulated CLL cells consistent with FCMR stimulation inhibiting BCR signaling. Stimulation with IgM or Fcμ did not cause any appreciable change in surface IgM expression, suggesting that inhibition of BCR signaling is not caused by receptor downmodulation but rather by recruitment of negative regulatory mechanism(s). Investigation of these mechanisms is still ongoing, but preliminary data suggest involvement of the phosphatases SHIP and SHP1. To investigate the impact of serum IgM/FCMR interactions on the clinical course, we correlated FCMR expression and serum IgM levels with treatment-free survival (TFS) in a large series of CLL patients (Figure 1). Cases with FCMR expression levels below median value (n=67) had a median TFS of 41 months, which was significantly shorter compared to cases with FCMR levels equal to or above median value (n=71, median TFS=132 months, P<0.001). This difference did not correlate with higher expression of FCMR on IGHV-mutated (M-CLL) cases (n=80, mean MFI=123+/-79), considering that no difference was observed with respect to the IGHV-unmutated (U-CLL) cases (n=58, mean MFI=114+/-127, P=n.s). Interestingly, when analyzed independently, only M-CLL cases showed a significant correlation with TFS (FCMRlow cases: n=36, median TFS=75 months; FCMRhigh cases: n=44, median TFS=170 months, P=0.006); this difference was lost in U-CLL cases (FCMRlow cases: n=31, median TFS=21; FCMRhigh cases: n=27, median TFS=31, P=n.s.). In contrast, serum IgM levels below normal range (<40 mg/dl) significantly correlated with shorter TFS in U-CLL (low serum IgM cases: n=28, median TFS=20 months; normal serum IgM cases: n=44, median TFS=51 months, P=0.009) but not in M-CLL (low serum IgM cases: n=34, median TFS=83 months; normal serum IgM cases: n=72, median TFS=125 months, P=n.s.). To further establish whether low serum IgM levels are a cause rather than a consequence of clinically more aggressive disease, we are currently conducting experiments with leukemias derived from the Eμ-TCL1 CLL model that have been adoptively transferred into secretory IgM-deficient or normal mice; the results from these ongoing experiments will be presented at the meeting. Collectively, these data show that serum IgM/FCMR interactions inhibit BCR signaling, which could at least in part explain the anergic phenotype of peripheral blood CLL cells. Along with our finding that the FCMR is downregulated by IL4 and expressed at lower levels on LN compared to PB CLL cells (Gobessi S et al, Blood 2016 128:2015), these data suggest that serum IgM/FCMR interactions are involved in regulating the intensity of the BCR signal in different compartments and consequently can influence the clinical behavior of the disease. Disclosures Chen: Janssen: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; ArgenX: Research Funding; Beigene: Research Funding; Verastem: Research Funding. Chiorazzi:Janssen, Inc: Consultancy; AR Pharma: Equity Ownership.

The pandemic of COVID-19 has afflicted every individual and has initiated a cascade of directly or indirectly involved events in precipitating mental health issues. The human species is a wanderer and hunter-gatherer by nature, and physical social distancing and nationwide lockdown have confined an individual to physical isolation. The present review article was conceived to address psychosocial and other issues and their aetiology related to the current pandemic of COVID-19. The elderly age group has most suffered the wrath of SARS-CoV-2, and social isolation as a preventive measure may further induce mental health issues. Animal model studies have demonstrated an inappropriate interacting endogenous neurotransmitter milieu of dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and opioids, induced by social isolation that could probably lead to observable phenomena of deviant psychosocial behavior. Conflicting and manipulated information related to COVID-19 on social media has also been recognized as a global threat. Psychological stress during the current pandemic in frontline health care workers, migrant workers, children, and adolescents is also a serious concern. Mental health issues in the current situation could also be induced by being quarantined, uncertainty in business, jobs, economy, hampered academic activities, increased screen time on social media, and domestic violence incidences. The gravity of mental health issues associated with the pandemic of COVID-19 should be identified at the earliest. Mental health organization dedicated to current and future pandemics should be established along with Government policies addressing psychological issues to prevent and treat mental health issues need to be developed. References World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/ [Accessed on 23 August 2020] Sim K, Chua HC. The psychological impact of SARS: a matter of heart and mind. CMAJ. 2004; 170:811e2. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1032003. Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z, et al. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can J Psychiatr. 2009; 54:302e11. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020; 395:912e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8. Robertson E, Hershenfield K, Grace SL, Stewart DE. The psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to SARS: a qualitative study of Toronto health care workers. Can J Psychiatr. 2004; 49:403e7. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370404900612. Barbisch D, Koenig KL, Shih FY. Is there a case for quarantine? Perspectives from SARS to Ebola. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015; 9:547e53. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.38. Jeong H, Yim HW, Song YJ, Ki M, Min JA, Cho J, et al. Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiol Health. 2016;38: e2016048. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016048. Liu X, Kakade M, Fuller CJ, Fan B, Fang Y, Kong J, et al. Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Compr Psychiatr. 2012; 53:15e23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.003 Chadda RK, Deb KS. Indian family systems, collectivistic society and psychotherapy. Indian J Psychiatry. 2013;55: S299‑ https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2F0019-5545.105555. Grover S, Sahoo S, Mehra A, Avasthi A, Tripathi A, Subramanyan A, et al. Psychological impact of COVID‑19 lockdown: An online survey from India. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020; 62:354-62. https://doi.org/ 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry _427_20. Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT. Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Ann Behav Med. 2010; 40: 218–27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12160-010-9210-8. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. Bhandari S, Sharma R, Singh Shaktawat A, Banerjee S, Patel B, Tak A, et al. COVID-19 related mortality profile at a tertiary care centre: a descriptive study. Scr Med. 2020;51(2):69-73. https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed51-27126. Baumeister RF, Leary MR. The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychol Bull. 1995; 117: 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497. Caspi A, Harrington H, Moffitt TE, Milne BJ, Poulton R. Socially isolated children 20 years later: risk of cardiovascular disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006; 160(8):805-11. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.8.805. Eaker ED, Pinsky J, Castelli WP. Myocardial infarction and coronary death among women: psychosocial predictors from a 20-year follow-up of women in the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 135(8):854-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116381. Luo Y, Hawkley LC, Waite LJ, Cacioppo JT. Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: a national longitudinal study. Soc Sci Med. 2012 Mar; 74(6):907-14. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2011.11.028. Olsen RB, Olsen J, Gunner-Svensson F, Waldstrøm B. Social networks and longevity. A 14-year follow-up study among elderly in Denmark. Soc Sci Med. 1991; 33(10):1189-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90235-5. Patterson AC, Veenstra G. Loneliness and risk of mortality: a longitudinal investigation in Alameda County, California. Soc Sci Med. 2010; 71(1):181-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.024. Savikko N, Routassalo P, Tilvis RS, Strandberg TE, Pitkalla KH. Predictors and subjective causes of loneliness in an aged population. Arch Gerontol Geriatrics. 2005; 41:3;223-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2005.03.002. Health Advisory for Elderly Population of India during COVID19. Available at: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/AdvisoryforElderlyPopulation.pdf [Accessed on 13 August 2020]. Dicks D, Myers R, Kling A. Uncus and amygdala lesions: effects on social behavior in the free-ranging rhesus monkey. Science. 1969; 165:69–71. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.165.3888.69. Kanai R, Bahrami B, Duchaine B, Janik A, Banissy MJ, Rees G. Brain structure links loneliness to social perception. Curr Biol. 2012; 22(20):1975-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2012.08.045. Bender AR, Daugherty A, Raz N. Vascular risk moderates associations between hippocampal subfield volumes and memory. J Cogn Neurosci. 2013; 25:1851–62. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00435. Raz N. Diabetes: brain, mind, insulin–what is normal and do we need to know? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011; 7:636–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.149. Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Naftali R, Andrew GW, Cohen NJ, McAuley E, et al. Aerobic fitness reduces brain tissue loss in aging humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003; 58:176–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.2.m176. Maass A, Düzel S, Goerke M, Becke A, Sobieray U, Neumann K, et al. Vascular hippocampal plasticity after aerobic exercise in older adults. Mol Psychiatry. 2015; 20, 585–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2014.114. Wilson RS, Krueger KR, Arnold SE, Schneider JA, Kelly JF, Barnes LL, et al. Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(2):234–240. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234. Kogan JH, Frankland PW, Silva AJ. Long-term memory underlying hippocampus-dependent social recognition in mice. Hippocampus. 2000;10(1):47-56. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(2000)10:1%3C47::aid-hipo5%3E3.0.co;2-6. Yorgason JT, España RA, Konstantopoulos JK, Weiner JL, Jones SR. Enduring increases in anxiety-like behavior and rapid nucleus accumbens dopamine signaling in socially isolated rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2013;37(6):1022-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12113. Bledsoe AC, Oliver KM, Scholl JL, Forster GL. Anxiety states induced by post-weaning social isolation are mediated by CRF receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Brain Res Bull. 2011;85(3-4):117-22. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.brainresbull.2011.03.003. Lukkes JL, Engelman GH, Zelin NS, Hale MW, Lowry CA. Post-weaning social isolation of female rats, anxiety-related behavior, and serotonergic systems. Brain Res. 2012; 1443:1-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.brainres.2012.01.005. Ago Y, Araki R, Tanaka T, Sasaga A, Nishiyama S, Takuma K, et al. Role of social encounter-induced activation of prefrontal serotonergic systems in the abnormal behaviors of isolation-reared mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 38(8):1535-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.52. Veenema AH. Early life stress, the development of aggression and neuroendocrine and neurobiological correlates: what can we learn from animal models? Front Neuroendocrinol. 2009;30(4):497-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.03.003. Zhao X, Sun L, Jia H, Meng Q, Wu S, Li N, et al. Isolation rearing induces social and emotional function abnormalities and alters glutamate and neurodevelopment-related gene expression in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2009;33(7):1173-1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.06.016. Sciolino NR, Bortolato M, Eisenstein SA, Fu J, Oveisi F, Hohmann AG, et al. Social isolation and chronic handling alter endocannabinoid signaling and behavioral reactivity to context in adult rats. Neuroscience. 2010;168(2):371-86. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuroscience.2010.04.007. Ghasemi M, Phillips C, Trillo L, De Miguel Z, Das D, Salehi A. The role of NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014; 47:336-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.017. Olivenza R, Moro MA, Lizasoain I, Lorenzo P, Fernández AP, Rodrigo J, et al. Chronic stress induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat brain cortex. J Neurochem. 2000;74(2):785-791. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.740785.x. Maeng S, Zarate CA Jr, Du J, Schloesser RJ, McCammon J, Chen G, et al. Cellular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of ketamine: role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63(4):349-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.028. Kalia LV, Kalia SK, Salter MW. NMDA receptors in clinical neurology: excitatory times ahead. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(8):742-755. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1474-4422(08)70165-0. Waxman EA, Lynch DR. N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Subtypes: Multiple Roles in Excitotoxicity and Neurological Disease. The Neuroscientist. 2005; 11(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858404269012. Hermes G, Li N, Duman C, Duman R. Post-weaning chronic social isolation produces profound behavioral dysregulation with decreases in prefrontal cortex synaptic-associated protein expression in female rats. Physiol Behav. 2011;104(2):354-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2010.12.019. Sestito RS, Trindade LB, de Souza RG, Kerbauy LN, Iyomasa MM, Rosa ML. Effect of isolation rearing on the expression of AMPA glutamate receptors in the hippocampal formation. J Psychopharmacol. 2011;25(12):1720-1729. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110385595. Toua C, Brand L, Möller M, Emsley RA, Harvey BH. The effects of sub-chronic clozapine and haloperidol administration on isolation rearing induced changes in frontal cortical N-methyl-D-aspartate and D1 receptor binding in rats. Neuroscience. 2010;165(2):492-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.039. Alò R, Avolio E, Mele M, Storino F, Canonaco A, Carelli A et al. Excitatory/inhibitory equilibrium of the central amygdala nucleus gates anti-depressive and anxiolytic states in the hamster. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2014; 118:79-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2014.01.007. St JP, Petkov VV. Changes in 5-HT1 receptors in different brain structures of rats with isolation syndrome. General pharmacology. 1990;21(2):223-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(90)90905-2. Miachon S, Rochet T, Mathian B, Barbagli B, Claustrat B. Long-term isolation of Wistar rats alters brain monoamine turnover, blood corticosterone, and ACTH. Brain Res Bull. 1993;32(6):611-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(93)90162-5. Van den Berg CL, Van Ree JM, Spruijt BM, Kitchen I. Effects of juvenile isolation and morphine treatment on social interactions and opioid receptors in adult rats: behavioural and autoradiographic studies. Eur J Neurosci. 1999;11(9):3023-3032. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00717.x. Vanderschuren LJ, Stein EA, Wiegant VM, Van Ree JM. Social play alters regional brain opioid receptor binding in juvenile rats. Brain Res. 1995;680(1-2):148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)00256-p. Moles A, Kieffer BL, D'Amato FR. Deficit in attachment behavior in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene. Science. 2004;304(5679):1983-1986. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095943. Panksepp J, Herman BH, Vilberg T, Bishop P, DeEskinazi FG. Endogenous opioids and social behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1980;4(4):473-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-7634(80)90036-6. Gong JP, Onaivi ES, Ishiguro H, Liu Q, Tagliaferro PA, Brusco A, et al. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors: immunohistochemical localization in rat brain. Brain Res. 2006;1071(1):10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.035. Breivogel CS, Sim-Selley LJ. Basic neuroanatomy and neuropharmacology of cannabinoids. Int Rev Psychiatry 2009; 21:2:113-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260902782760. Haj-Mirzaian A, Amini-Khoei H, Haj-Mirzaian A, Amiri S, Ghesmati M, Zahir M, et al. Activation of cannabinoid receptors elicits antidepressant-like effects in a mouse model of social isolation stress. Brain Res Bull. 2017; 130:200-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.018. Banach M, Piskorska B, Czuczwar SJ, Borowicz KK. Nitric Oxide, Epileptic Seizures, and Action of Antiepileptic Drugs. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2011;10: 808. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152711798072347. Förstermann U, Sessa WC. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(7):829-37, 837a-837d. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Feurheartj%2Fehr304. Hu Y, Wu D, Luo C, Zhu L, Zhang J, Wu H, et al. Hippocampal nitric oxide contributes to sex difference in affective behaviors. PNAS. 2012, 109 (35) 14224-14229. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207461109. Khan MI, Ostadhadi S, Zolfaghari S, Mehr SE, Hassanzadeh G, Dehpour, A et al. The involvement of NMDA receptor/NO/cGMP pathway in the antidepressant like effects of baclofen in mouse force swimming test. Neuroscience Letters. 2016; 612:52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.006. Matsumoto K, Puia G, Dong E, Pinna G. GABAA receptor neurotransmission dysfunction in a mouse model of social isolation-induced stress: Possible insights into a non-serotonergic mechanism of action of SSRIs in mood and anxiety disorders. Stress. 2007; 10:1:3-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701200997. Zlatković J, Filipović D. Chronic social isolation induces NF-κB activation and upregulation of iNOS protein expression in rat prefrontal cortex. Neurochem Int. 2013;63(3):172-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.002. Haj-Mirzaian A, Amiri S, Kordjazy N, Momeny M, Razmi A, Balaei MR, et al. Lithium attenuated the depressant and anxiogenic effect of juvenile social stress through mitigating the negative impact of interlukin-1β and nitric oxide on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Neuroscience. 2016; 315:271-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.024. Larson HJ. The biggest pandemic risk? Viral misinformation. Nature 2018; 562:309. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07034-4. Zarocostas J. How to fight an infodemic. Lancet 2020; 395:676. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X. World Health Organization, 2019. Ebola Virus Disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/don/28-november-2019-ebola-drc/en/ [Accessed on August 8, 2020] Times of India. Covid-19: doctors gone to collect samples attacked in Indore. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/covid-19-doctors-goneto- collect-samples-attacked-in-indore/videoshow/74942153.cms; 2020 [Accessed on August 8, 2020]. Withnall A. Coronavirus: why India has had to pass new law against attacks on healthcare workers. The Independent. April 23, 2020. Semple K. “Afraid to be a nurse”: health workers under attack. The New York Times. 2020 Apr 27. The Economist. Health workers become unexpected targets during COVID-19. The Economist. May 11, 2020. Turan B, Budhwani H, Fazeli PL, Browning WR, Raper JL, Mugavero MJ, et al. How does stigma affect people living with HIV? The mediating roles of internalized and anticipated HIV stigma in the effects of perceived community stigma on health and psychosocial outcomes. AIDS Behav. 2017; 21: 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1451-5. James PB, Wardle J, Steel A, Adams J. An assessment of Ebola-related stigma and its association with informal healthcare utilisation among Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20: 182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8279-7. Aljazeera, 2020. Iran: Over 700 Dead after Drinking Alcohol to Cure Coronavirus. Aljazeera. Available at: https://www.aljazeera.com/ news/2020/04/iran-700-dead-drinking-alcohol-cure-coronavirus200427163529629.html. (Accessed June 4, 2020) Delirrad M, Mohammadi AB, 2020. New methanol poisoning outbreaks in Iran following COVID-19 pandemic. Alcohol Alcohol. 55: 347–348. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agaa036. Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Zamani N, Kolahi A-A, McDonald R, Hovda KE. Double trouble: methanol outbreak in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran-a cross-sectional assessment. Crit Care. 2020; 24: 402. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03140-w. Soltaninejad K. Methanol Mass Poisoning Outbreak: A Consequence of COVID-19 Pandemic and Misleading Messages on Social Media. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2020;11(3):148-150. https://dx.doi.org/10.34172%2Fijoem.2020.1983. Islam MS, Sarkar T, Khan SH, Kamal AM, Hasan SMM, Kabir A, et al. COVID-19–Related Infodemic and Its Impact on Public Health: A Global Social Media Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020; 00(0):1–9. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0812. Hawryluck L, Gold W, Robinson S, Pogorski S, Galea S, Styra R. SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(7):1206–1212. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201%2Feid1007.030703. Lee S, Chan LYY, Chau AAM, Kwok KPS, Kleinman A. The experience of SARS-related stigma at Amoy Gardens. Soc Sci Med. 2005; 61(9): 2038-2046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.010. Yoon MK Kim SY Ko HS Lee MS. System effectiveness of detection, brief intervention and refer to treatment for the people with post-traumatic emotional distress by MERS: a case report of community-based proactive intervention in South Korea. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2016; 10: 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-016-0083-5. Reynolds DL, Garay JR, Deamond SL, Moran MK, Gold W, Styra R. Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiol Infect. 2008; 136: 997-1007. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0950268807009156. Marjanovic Z, Greenglass ER, Coffey S. The relevance of psychosocial variables and working conditions in predicting nurses' coping strategies during the SARS crisis: an online questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2007; 44(6): 991-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.02.012. Bai Y, Lin C-C, Lin C-Y, Chen J-Y, Chue C-M, Chou P. Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55: 1055-1057. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Available at: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/Guidelinesforhomequarantine.pdf [Accessed on 25 August 2020]. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Available at: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/RevisedguidelinesforHomeIsolationofverymildpresymptomaticCOVID19cases10May2020.pdf [Accessed on 25 August 2020]. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Available at: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/AdvisoryformanagingHealthcareworkersworkinginCOVIDandNonCOVIDareasofthehospital.pdf (Accessed on 25 August 2020). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Available at: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/RevisedguidelinesforInternationalArrivals02082020.pdf [Accessed on 25 August 2020]. Cost of the lockdown? Over 10% of GDP loss for 18 states. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cost-of-the-lockdown-over-10-of-gdp-loss-for-18-states/articleshow/76028826.cms [Accessed on 21 August 2020]. Jorda O, Singh SR, Taylor AM. Longer-Run Economic Consequences of Pandemics. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper. 2020-09. https://doi.org/10.24148/wp2020-09. Firdaus G. Mental well‑being of migrants in urban center of India: Analyzing the role of social environment. Indian J Psychiatry. 2017; 59:164‑ https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_272_15. National Crime Record Bureau. Annual Crime in India Report. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Home Affairs; 2018. 198 migrant workers killed in road accidents during lockdown: Report. Available at: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/198-migrant-workers-killed-in-road-accidents-during-lockdown-report/story-hTWzAWMYn0kyycKw1dyKqL.html [Accessed on 25 August 2020]. Qiu H, Wu J, Hong L, Luo Y, Song Q, Chen D. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20:689-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30198-5. Dalton L, Rapa E, Stein A. Protecting the psychological health of through effective communication about COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(5):346-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30097-3. Centre for Disease Control. Helping Children Cope with Emergencies. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/childrenindisasters/helping-children-cope.html [Accessed on 25 August 2020]. Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child & Adolesc Health. 2020; 4(5):347-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30096-1. Sprang G, Silman M. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Parents and Youth After Health-Related Disasters. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2013;7(1):105-110. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.22. Rehman U, Shahnawaz MG, Khan NH, Kharshiing KD, Khursheed M, Gupta K, et al. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Indians in Times of Covid-19 Lockdown. Community Ment Health J. 2020:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00664-x. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research. 2020; 287:112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934. Wang C, Zhao H. The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students. Front Psychol. 2020; 11:1168. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2020.01168. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7(3): e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30047-x. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3(3): e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976. Lancee WJ, Maunder RG, Goldbloom DS, Coauthors for the Impact of SARS Study. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Toronto hospital workers one to two years after the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr Serv. 2008;59(1):91-95. https://dx.doi.org/10.1176%2Fps.2008.59.1.91. Tam CWC, Pang EPF, Lam LCW, Chiu HFK. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hongkong in 2003: Stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychol Med. 2004;34 (7):1197-1204. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002247. Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho A-R, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018; 87:123-127. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.comppsych.2018.10.003. Koh D, Meng KL, Chia SE, Ko SM, Qian F, Ng V, et al. Risk perception and impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on work and personal lives of healthcare workers in Singapore: What can we learn? Med Care. 2005;43(7):676-682. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000167181.36730.cc. Verma S, Mythily S, Chan YH, Deslypere JP, Teo EK, Chong SA. Post-SARS psychological morbidity and stigma among general practitioners and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2004; 33(6):743e8. Yeung J, Gupta S. Doctors evicted from their homes in India as fear spreads amid coronavirus lockdown. CNN World. 2020. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/25/asia/india-coronavirus-doctors-discrimination-intl-hnk/index.html. [Accessed on 24 August 2020] Violence Against Women and Girls: the Shadow Pandemic. UN Women. 2020. May 3, 2020. Available at: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/4/statement-ed-phumzile-violence-against-women-during-pandemic. [Accessed on 24 August 2020]. Gearhart S, Patron MP, Hammond TA, Goldberg DW, Klein A, Horney JA. The impact of natural disasters on domestic violence: an analysis of reports of simple assault in Florida (1999–2007). Violence Gend. 2018;5(2):87–92. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0077. Sahoo S, Rani S, Parveen S, Pal Singh A, Mehra A, Chakrabarti S, et al. Self-harm and COVID-19 pandemic: An emerging concern – A report of 2 cases from India. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51:102104. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajp.2020.102104. Ghosh A, Khitiz MT, Pandiyan S, Roub F, Grover S. Multiple suicide attempts in an individual with opioid dependence: Unintended harm of lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak? Indian J Psychiatry 2020; [In Press]. The Economic Times. 11 Coronavirus suspects flee from a hospital in Maharashtra. March 16 2020. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/11-coronavirus-suspects-flee-from-a-hospital-in-maharashtra/videoshow/74644936.cms?from=mdr. [Accessed on 23 August 2020]. Xiang Y, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry 2020;(3):228–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8. Van Bortel T, Basnayake A, Wurie F, Jambai M, Koroma A, Muana A, et al. Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94(3):210–214. https://dx.doi.org/10.2471%2FBLT.15.158543. Kumar A, Nayar KR. COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. Journal of Mental Health. 2020; ahead of print:1-2. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1757052. Gupta R, Grover S, Basu A, Krishnan V, Tripathi A, Subramanyam A, et al. Changes in sleep pattern and sleep quality during COVID-19 lockdown. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020; 62(4):370-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_523_20. Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4): P300-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0. Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S et al. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14(5): 779–788. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dsx.2020.05.035. Wright R. The world's largest coronavirus lockdown is having a dramatic impact on pollution in India. CNN World; 2020. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/31/asia/coronavirus-lockdown-impact-pollution-india-intl-hnk/index.html. [Accessed on 23 August 2020] Foster O. ‘Lockdown made me Realise What’s Important’: Meet the Families Reconnecting Remotely. The Guardian; 2020. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/keep-connected/2020/apr/23/lockdown-made-me-realise-whats-important-meet-the-families-reconnecting-remotely. (Accessed on 23 August 2020) Bilefsky D, Yeginsu C. Of ‘Covidivorces’ and ‘Coronababies’: Life During a Lockdown. N. Y. Times; 2020. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/world/coronavirus-lockdown-relationships.html [Accessed on 23 August 2020]

AbstractIngashi lamproite dykes are the only known primary sources of diamond in the Irkutsk district (Russia) and the only non-kimberlitic one in the Siberian craton. Ingashi lamproite field placed in Urik-Iya graben within Prisayan uplift of Siberian craton. Phlogopite-olivine lamproites contain olivine, talc, phlogopite, serpentine, chlorite, olivine, garnet, chromite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene as well as Sr-F-apatite, monazite, zircon, armolcolite, priderite, potassium Mg-arfvedsonite, Mn-ilmenite, Nb-rutile, and diamond. The only one ultramafic lamprophyre dyke is composed mainly of serpentinized olivine and phlogopite in the talc-carbonate groundmass and similar (to Ingashi lamproites) accessory assemblage with the same major elements compositions. Trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic relationships of the Ingashi lamproites are similar to classic lamproites. Different dating methods have provided the ages of lamproites: 1481 Ma (Ar-Ar phlogopite), 1268 Ma (Rb-Sr whole rock) and 300 Ma (U-Pb zircon). Ingashi lamproite ages are controversial and require additional study. Calculated pressure of 3.5 GPamax for clinopyroxenes indicating that lamproite magma originated deeper than 100 km. Cr-in-garnet barometer (Grutter et al., 2006) shows a 3.7-4.3 GPamin and derivation of Ingashi lamproites deeper than 120 km depth. Based on the range of typical cratonic geotherms and presence of diamonds, the Ingashi lamproite magma originated at a depth greater than 155 km.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5493128

Introdução: Os odontomas são tumores odontogênicos benignos e os mais frequentes dos maxilares. Usualmente estão associados à dentição permanente em crianças e adultos jovens, sendo geralmente assintomáticos, podendo causar impactação dental. O aspecto radiográfico é de múltiplas calcificações, semelhantes ao dente, circundadas por um estreito halo radiolúcido, sendo o diagnóstico feito através de exames radiográficos de rotina. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a remoção cirúrgica de um odontoma composto em região anterior da maxila, associado a dentes impactados, em um paciente pediátrico. Relato do caso clínico: Paciente do sexo masculino, 12 anos, foi referido ao serviço de cirurgia oral da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Patos – PB, encaminhado pelo ortodontista. Durante anamnese não foram constatados comprometimento sistêmico. Ao exame físico foi observado abaulamento na região maxilar esquerda e retenção prolongada de alguns elementos, como também a ausência de outros. Analisada a radiografia panorâmica, foi observada massa radiopaca, na região anterior da maxila, sugestiva de odontoma composto, com impactação dental. Em decorrência da proximidade da lesão com os dentes anteriores superiores impactados e da localização do elemento 21, foi feita tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico, o que facilitou o planejamento cirúrgico. O procedimento foi realizado sem intercorrências e no pós-operatório tardio, o paciente evolui satisfatoriamente. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o tratamento proposto foi eficaz e que a tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico é um exame complementar de grande valia no diagnóstico de patologias, assim como no planejamento cirúrgico, devido à alta resolução e precisão das imagens obtidas.Descritores: Tumores Odontogênicos; Odontoma; Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico.ReferênciasJayam C, Bandlapalli A, Patel N, Choudhary RS. A case of impacted central incisor due to dentigerous cyst associated with impacted compound odontome. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014:bcr2013202447.Abrahams JM, McClure SA. Pediatric Odontogenic Tumors. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2016;28(1):45-58.Angiero F, Benedicenti S, Parker S, Signore A, Sorrenti E, Giacometti E et al. Clinical and surgical management of odontoma. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014;32(1):47-53.Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Patologia oral e maxilofacial. 4.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2016.Bereket C, Çakır-Özkan N, Şener İ, Bulut E, Tek M. Complex and compound odontomas: Analysis of 69 cases and a rare case of erupted compound odontoma. Niger J Clin Pract. 2015;18(6):726-30. Malamed SF. Manual de anestesia local. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2013.Soluk Tekkesin M, Tuna EB, Olgac V, Aksakallı N, Alatlı C. Odontogenic lesions in a pediatric population: Review of the literature and presentation of 745 cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;86:196-99.Wang YL, Chang HH, Chang JY, Huang GF, Guo MK. Retrospective survey of biopsied oral lesions in pediatric patients. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009;108(11):862-71.Al-Khateeb T, Al-Hadi Hamasha A, Almasri NM. Oral and maxillofacial tumours in north Jordanian children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis over 10 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;32(1):78-83.Guerrisi M, Piloni MJ, Keszler A. Odontogenic tumors in children and adolescents. A 15-year retrospective study in Argentina. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007;12(3):E180-85.Lima GS, Fontes ST, Araújo LMA, Etges A, Tarquinio SBC, Gomes APN. A survey of oral and maxillofacial biopsies in children: a single-center retrospective study of 20 years in Pelotas-Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2008;16(6):397-402.Bernardes VF, Cota LOM, Costa FO, Mesquita RA, Gomez RS, Aguiar MCF. Gingival peripheral odontoma in child: case report of an uncommon lesion. Braz J Oral Sci. 2008;7(26):1624-26.Silva AR, Carlos-Bregni R, Vargas PA, de Almeida OP, Lopes MA. Peripheral developing odontoma in newborn. Report of two cases and literature review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14(11):e612-15.Owens BM, Schuman NJ, Pliske TA, Culley WL. Compound composite odontoma associated with an impacted cuspid. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1995; 19(4):293-95.Cildir SK, Sencift K, Olgac V, Sandalli N. Delayed eruption of a mandibular primary cuspid associated with compound odontoma. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005;6(4):152-59.Altay MA, Ozgur B, Cehreli ZC. Management of a compound odontoma in the primary dentition. J Dent Child. 2016;83(2):98-101.Freires JFV. Remoção cirúrgica de odontoma composto de grande proporção sob anestesia local: relato de caso [monografia]. Patos (PB): Curso de Bacharelado em Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande; 2017.Kignel S. Estomatologia – bases do diagnóstico para o clínico geral. 2.ed. São Paulo: Santos; 2013.Bilodeau EA, Collins BM. Odontogenic Cysts and Neoplasms. Surg Pathol Clin. 2017;10(1):177-22.Ladeinde AL, Ajayi OF, Ogunlewe MO, et al. Odontogenic tumors: a review of 319 cases in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;99(2):191-95.Chang JY, Wang JT, Wang YP, Liu BY, Sun A, Chiang CP. Odontoma: a clinicopathologic study of 81 cases. J Formos Med Assoc. 2003;102(12):876-82.Vázquez-Diego J, Gandini Pablo C, Carbajal Eduardo E. Odontoma compuesto: Diagnóstico radiográfico y tratamento quirúrgico de um caso clínico. Av Odontoestomatol. 2008;24(5):307-12.Teruhisa U, Murakami J, Hisatomi M, Yanagi Y, Asaumi J. A case of unerupted lower primary second molar associated with compound odontoma. Open Dent J. 2009;3:173-76.

Vários estudos apontam para uma relação entre má qualidade do sono e fatores de risco para doenças crônicas, como por exemplo, depressão e obesidade. Estudantes pré-universitários são mais susceptíveis ao estresse podendo impactar a qualidade do sono. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar conhecimentos prévios do senso comum sobre o sono, bem como a qualidade do sono em estudantes pré-universitários. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo CEP local (parecer: 2.368.256). Para tanto foram empregados três questionários autoaplicáveis: 1) mitos e verdades sobre o sono, desenvolvido para o estudo, 2) escala de sonolência de Epworth e 3) índice de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh. Esta pesquisa foi realizada antes das palestras e atividades de divulgação científica de um evento de extensão universitária para difusão sobre neurociêncais. Responderam aos questionários 112 estudantes. Os resultados demonstraram falta de conhecimentos adequados sobre o tema sono, sendo que 58,92% dos entrevistados entendem que bebidas alcóolicas ajudam no sono, um mito na nossa cultura. Em adição, 70% desta população apresenta qualidade ruim de sono. Desta forma, nossos resultados apontam que apesar de jovens esta faixa da população já apresenta problemas relacionados à qualidade do sono, e ignoram alguns conhecimentos sobre o tema. Nossa intenção foi despertar, através da divulgação de conhecimentos, a busca por alternativas que melhorem esta qualidade. Durante o evento foram disseminadas ideias sobre a higiene do sono para esta população.Descritores: Qualidade do Sono; Questionários; Neurociências; Difusão de Conhecimentos.ReferênciasBear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso M. A. Neurociências: desvendando o sistema nervoso. 3. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2007. 586-616p.Tufik S, Andersen ML, Pinto Jr LR. Sono e sonhos, In: Lent R (ed). Neurociência da mente e do comportamento. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2008.Riemann D, Voderholzer U. Primary insomnia: a risk factor to develop depression? J Affect Disord.2003;76(1-3):255-59Greenland P, Knoll MD, Stamler J, Neaton JD, Dyer AR, Garside DB et al. Major risk factors as antecedents of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease events. JAMA. 2003;290(7):891-97.Watanabe M, Kikuchi H, Tanaka K, Takahashi M. Association of short sleep duration with weight gain and obesity at 1-year follow-up: a large-scale prospective study. Sleep. 2010;33(2):161-67.Spiegel K, Knutson K, Leproult R, Tasali E, Van Cauter E. Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol. 1985;99(5):2008-19.Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP, Vela-Bueno A. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep. 2009;32(4):491-97.Fossum IN, Nordnes LT, Storemark SS, Bjorvatn B, Pallesen S. The association between use of electronic media in bed before going to sleep and insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, morningness, and chronotype. Behav Sleep Med. 2014;12(5):343-57.Freitas CCM, Gozzoli ALDM, Konno JN, Fuess VLR. Relação entre uso do telefone celular antes de dormir, qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna. Rev Med (São Paulo). 2017;96(1):14-20.Poyares D, Tufik S. I Consenso Brasileiro de Insônia: introdução. Hypnos. 2003:5-45.Guilleminault C, Brooks SN. Exccessive daytime sleepness: a challenge for the practising neurologist. Brain. 2001;124(8):1482-91.Peruzzo AS, Cattani BC, Guimarães ER, Boechat L deC, Argimon II deL, Scarparo HBK. Estresse e vestibular como desencadeadores de somatizações em adolescentes e adultos jovens. Psicol Argum. 2008;26(55):319-27.Rodrigues DG, Pelisoli C. Ansiedade em vestibulandos: um estudo exploratório. Rev psiquiatr clín. 2008;35(5):171-77.Fragel-Madeira L, Aranha G. Divulgação e alfabetização científica: o papel do pesquisador na difusão do conhecimento científico. In: Aranha G, Sholl-Franco A (org). Caminhos da Neuroeducação. 2.ed: Rio de Janeiro: Ciências e Cognição. p.119-28; 2012.Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540-45.Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res.1989;28(2):193-213.Bertolazi AN, Fagondes SC, Hoff LS, Pedro VD, Mena Barreto SS, Johns MW et al. Validação da escala de sonolência de Epworth em português para uso no Brasil. J Bras Pneumol. 2009; 35(9):877-83.Bertolazi AN, Fagondes SC, Hoff LS, Dartora EG, Miozzo IC, de Barba ME. Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep Med. 2011;12(1):70-5.Morgenthaler T, Kramer M, Alessi C, Friedman L, Boehlecke B, Brown T et al. Practice parameters for the psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: An update. an American academy of sleep medicine report. Sleep. 2011;29(11):1415-19.Passos GS, Tufik S, Santana MG, Poyares D, Mello MT. Tratamento não farmacológico para a insônia crônica. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007;29(3):279-82.Ebrahim IO, Shapiro CM, Williams AJ, Fenwick PB. Alcohol and sleep I: effects on normal sleep. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013;37(4):539-49.Irish LA, Kline CE, Gunn HE, Buysse DJ, Hall MH. et al. The role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: A review of empirical evidence. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;22:23-36.Carvalho TMCS, Silva Junior II, Siqueira PPS, Almeida JO, Soares AF, Lima AMJ. Qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna entre estudantes universitários de diferentes áreas. Rev Neurocienc. 2013;21(3):383-87.Corrêa CC, Oliveira FK, Pizamiglio DS, Ortolan EVP, Weber SAT. Qualidade de sono em estudantes de medicina: comparação das diferentes fases do curso. J Bras Pneumol. 2017;43(4):285-89.Vasconcelos HCA, Fragoso LVC, Marinho NBP, Araújo MFM, Freitas RWJF, Zanetti ML et al. Correlação entre indicadores antropométricos e a qualidade do sono universitários brasileiros. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2013;47(4):852-59.Ferreira C, Ferreira H, Vieira MJ, Costeira M, Branco L, Dias A et al. Epidemiologia do uso de internet numa população adolescente e sua relação com hábitos de sono. Acta Med Port. 2017;30(7-8):524-33.Peter ID, Adamu H, Asani MO, Aliyu I, Sabo UA, Umar UI. Sleep pattern and sleep hygiene practices among nigerian schooling adolescents. Indian J Psychol Med. 2017;39(4):407-12.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common type of indolent lymphoma in the Western world, accounting for approximately 30% of lymphoma cases. FL is known for its recurrent nature, necessitating diverse treatment options. The introduction of rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, has greatly improved FL outcomes and paved the way for targeted therapies. In this review, we thoroughly explore the structure, mechanism of action, clinical outcomes, and side effects of currently approved monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for FL. Furthermore, we provide insights into ongoing clinical trials and emerging monoclonal antibodies that hold promise for the future of FL treatment. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various medical databases, including ASH and ASCO publications, as well as PubMed. The clinicaltrials.gov website was used to compile a list of investigational monoclonal antibodies from ongoing clinical trials. The future of antibody-based therapy for follicular lymphoma shows great promise, with a focus on enhancing antibody efficacy, prioritizing optimized combination therapies to address treatment resistance, and evaluating bispecific antibodies as first-line therapies, all while carefully balancing risks and benefits and sequencing treatments appropriately for better disease management. These directions have the potential to establish antibodies as a central component of follicular lymphoma treatment. Article Details How to Cite MOUSTAFA, Muhamad Alhaj. A Comprehensive Review of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma Including Both Approved and Investigational Options. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 11, nov. 2023. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4745>. Date accessed: 02 dec. 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i11.4745. ABNT APA BibTeX CBE EndNote - EndNote format (Macintosh & Windows) MLA ProCite - RIS format (Macintosh & Windows) RefWorks Reference Manager - RIS format (Windows only) Turabian Issue Vol 11 No 11 (2023): November Issue, Vol.11, Issue 11 Section Research Articles The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives. References 1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127(20):2375-2390. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-643569 2. Cerhan JR. Epidemiology of Follicular Lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2020;34(4):631-646. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2020.02.001 3. Kaseb H, Ali MA, Koshy NV. Follicular Lymphoma. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Accessed April 8, 2023. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538206/ 4. Monga N, Nastoupil L, Garside J, et al. Burden of illness of follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. Ann Hematol. 2019;98(1):175-183. doi:10.1007/s00277-018-3501-8 5. Mozas P, Sorigué M, López-Guillermo A. Follicular lymphoma: an update on diagnosis, prognosis, and management. Med Clin (Barc). 2021;157(9):440-448. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2021.03.041 6. Luminari S, Bellei M, Biasoli I, Federico M. Follicular lymphoma - treatment and prognostic factors. Rev Bras Hematol E Hemoter. 2012;34(1):54-59. doi:10.5581/1516-8484.20120015 7. Illidge T, Chan C. How have outcomes for patients with follicular lymphoma changed with the addition of monoclonal antibodies? Leuk Lymphoma. 2008;49(7):1263-1273. doi:10.1080/10428190802090805 8. Steffanoni S, Ghielmini M, Moccia A. Chemotherapy and treatment algorithms for follicular lymphoma: a look at all options. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2015;15(11):1337-1349. doi:10.1586/14737140.2015.1092386 9. Flowers CR, Leonard JP, Nastoupil LJ. Novel immunotherapy approaches to follicular lymphoma. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018;2018(1):194-199. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.194 10. Marofi F, Rahman HS, Achmad MH, et al. A Deep Insight Into CAR-T Cell Therapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Application, Opportunities, and Future Directions. Front Immunol. 2021;12:681984. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.681984 11. Bhatt VR, Armitage JO. Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in follicular lymphoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2016;16(1):57-66. doi:10.1517/14712598.2016.1096341 12. Lin Z, Liu L, Li Z, Xu B. Bispecific antibodies as monotherapy or in combinations for non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma: latest updates from the American society of hematology 2022 annual meeting. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2023;12(1):41. doi:10.1186/s40164-023-00404-3 13. Coiffier B, Thieblemont C, Van Den Neste E, et al. Long-term outcome of patients in the LNH-98.5 trial, the first randomized study comparing rituximab-CHOP to standard CHOP chemotherapy in DLBCL patients: a study by the Groupe d’Etudes des Lymphomes de l’Adulte. Blood. 2010;116(12):2040-2045. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-03-276246 14. van Meerten T, Hagenbeek A. Novel antibodies against follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2011;24(2):231-256. doi:10.1016/j.beha.2011.03.002 15. Marcus R, Davies A, Ando K, et al. Obinutuzumab for the First-Line Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1331-1344. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1614598 16. Johnston PB, Bondly C, Micallef INM. Ibritumomab tiuxetan for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2006;6(6):861-869. doi:10.1586/14737140.6.6.861 17. Gondran C, Ysebaert L. [Drug approval: Mosunetuzumab - third-line therapy in follicular lymphoma]. Bull Cancer (Paris). 2022;109(11):1105-1106. doi:10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.07.010 18. Allen HC, Sharma P. Histology, Plasma Cells. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Accessed April 11, 2023. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556082/ 19. Nelson PN, Reynolds GM, Waldron EE, Ward E, Giannopoulos K, Murray PG. Monoclonal antibodies. Mol Pathol MP. 2000;53(3):111-117. doi:10.1136/mp.53.3.111 20. Köhler G, Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 1975;256(5517):495-497. doi:10.1038/256495a0 21. Dunn DL. Monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and treatment. Arch Surg Chic Ill 1960. 1993;128(11):1274-1280. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420230102016 22. Posner J, Barrington P, Brier T, Datta-Mannan A. Monoclonal Antibodies: Past, Present and Future. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2019;260:81-141. doi:10.1007/164_2019_323 23. Di Pauli F, Berger T, Reindl M. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(36):4858-4868. doi:10.2174/092986709789909585 24. Lloyd EC, Gandhi TN, Petty LA. Monoclonal Antibodies for COVID-19. JAMA. 2021;325(10):1015. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1225 25. Kaur N, Goyal A, Sindhu RK. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Practice against Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020;20(16):1895-1907. doi:10.2174/1871520620666200703191653 26. Yamada T. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Keio J Med. 2011;60(2):37-46. doi:10.2302/kjm.60.37 27. Reff ME, Carner K, Chambers KS, et al. Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood. 1994;83(2):435-445. 28. Cerny T, Borisch B, Introna M, Johnson P, Rose AL. Mechanism of action of rituximab: Anticancer Drugs. 2002;13:S3-S10. doi:10.1097/00001813-200211002-00002 29. Alas S, Bonavida B. Rituximab inactivates signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in B-non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma through inhibition of the interleukin 10 autocrine/paracrine loop and results in down-regulation of Bcl-2 and sensitization to cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Res. 2001;61(13):5137-5144. 30. Golay J, Zaffaroni L, Vaccari T, et al. Biologic response of B lymphoma cells to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in vitro: CD55 and CD59 regulate complement-mediated cell lysis. Blood. 2000;95(12):3900-3908. 31. Jacobsen E. Follicular lymphoma: 2023 update on diagnosis and management. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(12):1638-1651. doi:10.1002/ajh.26737 32. Herold M, Haas A, Srock S, et al. Rituximab added to first-line mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisolone chemotherapy followed by interferon maintenance prolongs survival in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: an East German Study Group Hematology and Oncology Study. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2007;25(15):1986-1992. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.06.4618 33. Hiddemann W, Kneba M, Dreyling M, et al. Frontline therapy with rituximab added to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly improves the outcome for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma compared with therapy with CHOP alone: results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 2005;106(12):3725-3732. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-01-0016 34. Marcus R, Imrie K, Belch A, et al. CVP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CVP as first-line treatment for advanced follicular lymphoma. Blood. 2005;105(4):1417-1423. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-08-3175 35. Marcus R, Imrie K, Solal-Celigny P, et al. Phase III study of R-CVP compared with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone alone in patients with previously untreated advanced follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2008;26(28):4579-4586. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.13.5376 36. Salles G, Mounier N, de Guibert S, et al. Rituximab combined with chemotherapy and interferon in follicular lymphoma patients: results of the GELA-GOELAMS FL2000 study. Blood. 2008;112(13):4824-4831. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-153189 37. Colombat P, Salles G, Brousse N, et al. Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) as single first-line therapy for patients with follicular lymphoma with a low tumor burden: clinical and molecular evaluation. Blood. 2001;97(1):101-106. doi:10.1182/blood.v97.1.101 38. Ghielmini M, Schmitz SFH, Cogliatti SB, et al. Prolonged treatment with rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma significantly increases event-free survival and response duration compared with the standard weekly x 4 schedule. Blood. 2004;103(12):4416-4423. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-10-3411 39. Witzig TE, Vukov AM, Habermann TM, et al. Rituximab therapy for patients with newly diagnosed, advanced-stage, follicular grade I non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a phase II trial in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23(6):1103-1108. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.12.052 40. Salles G, Seymour JF, Offner F, et al. Rituximab maintenance for 2 years in patients with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma responding to rituximab plus chemotherapy (PRIMA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2011;377(9759):42-51. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62175-7 41. Martinelli G, Schmitz SFH, Utiger U, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with follicular lymphoma receiving single-agent rituximab at two different schedules in trial SAKK 35/98. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2010;28(29):4480-4484. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.28.4786 42. Hanif N, Anwer F. Rituximab. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Accessed April 15, 2023. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564374/ 43. Freeman CL, Sehn LH. A tale of two antibodies: obinutuzumab versus rituximab. Br J Haematol. 2018;182(1):29-45. doi:10.1111/bjh.15232 44. Goede V, Klein C, Stilgenbauer S. Obinutuzumab (GA101) for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell non-hodgkin’s lymphomas: a glycoengineered type II CD20 antibody. Oncol Res Treat. 2015;38(4):185-192. doi:10.1159/000381524 45. Mössner E, Brünker P, Moser S, et al. Increasing the efficacy of CD20 antibody therapy through the engineering of a new type II anti-CD20 antibody with enhanced direct and immune effector cell-mediated B-cell cytotoxicity. Blood. 2010;115(22):4393-4402. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-06-225979 46. Niederfellner G, Lammens A, Mundigl O, et al. Epitope characterization and crystal structure of GA101 provide insights into the molecular basis for type I/II distinction of CD20 antibodies. Blood. 2011;118(2):358-367. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-09-305847 47. Suresh T, Lee LX, Joshi J, Barta SK. New antibody approaches to lymphoma therapy. J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol. 2014;7:58. doi:10.1186/s13045-014-0058-4 48. Radford J, Davies A, Cartron G, et al. Obinutuzumab (GA101) plus CHOP or FC in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: results of the GAUDI study (BO21000). Blood. 2013;122(7):1137-1143. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-01-481341 49. Amitai I, Gafter-Gvili A, Shargian-Alon L, Raanani P, Gurion R. Obinutuzumab-related adverse events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hematol Oncol. 2021;39(2):215-221. doi:10.1002/hon.2828 50. Riley MB. Ibritumomab tiuxetan. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2003;7(1):110-112. doi:10.1188/03.CJON.109-112 51. Morschhauser F, Radford J, Van Hoof A, et al. 90Yttrium-ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation of first remission in advanced-stage follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma: updated results after a median follow-up of 7.3 years from the International, Randomized, Phase III First-LineIndolent trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2013;31(16):1977-1983. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.45.6400 52. Witzig TE, Flinn IW, Gordon LI, et al. Treatment with ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy in patients with rituximab-refractory follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2002;20(15):3262-3269. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.11.017 53. Rieger K, De Filippi R, Lindén O, et al. 90-yttrium-ibritumomab tiuxetan as first-line treatment for follicular lymphoma: updated efficacy and safety results at an extended median follow-up of 9.6 years. Ann Hematol. 2022;101(4):781-788. doi:10.1007/s00277-022-04781-3 54. Alhaj Moustafa M, Borah BJ, Moriarty JP, et al. Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan is Cost-Effective Compared to Bendamustine + Rituximab in Low-grade Lymphomas. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2023;23(4):259-265. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2023.01.010 55. Salvaris R, Ong J, Gregory GP. Bispecific Antibodies: A Review of Development, Clinical Efficacy and Toxicity in B-Cell Lymphomas. J Pers Med. 2021;11(5):355. doi:10.3390/jpm11050355 56. Budde LE, Sehn LH, Matasar M, et al. Safety and efficacy of mosunetuzumab, a bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(8):1055-1065. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00335-7 57. Jacobson CA, Chavez JC, Sehgal AR, et al. Axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ZUMA-5): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(1):91-103. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00591-X 58. Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Gödel P, Subklewe M, et al. Cytokine release syndrome. J Immunother Cancer. 2018;6(1):56. doi:10.1186/s40425-018-0343-9 59. Grigor EJM, Fergusson D, Kekre N, et al. Risks and Benefits of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Transfus Med Rev. 2019;33(2):98-110. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.01.005 60. Nitschke L. The role of CD22 and other inhibitory co-receptors in B-cell activation. Curr Opin Immunol. 2005;17(3):290-297. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.03.005 61. Tang T, Cheng X, Truong B, Sun L, Yang X, Wang H. Molecular basis and therapeutic implications of CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint. Pharmacol Ther. 2021;219:107709. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107709 62. Dakappagari N, Ho SN, Gascoyne RD, Ranuio J, Weng AP, Tangri S. CD80 (B7.1) is expressed on both malignant B cells and nonmalignant stromal cells in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2012;82(2):112-119. doi:10.1002/cyto.b.20631 63. Deeks ED. Polatuzumab Vedotin: First Global Approval. Drugs. 2019;79(13):1467-1475. doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01175-0 64. Han Y, Liu D, Li L. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2020;10(3):727-742. 65. Rosenbaum CA, Jung SH, Pitcher B, et al. Phase 2 multicentre study of single-agent ofatumumab in previously untreated follicular lymphoma: CALGB 50901 (Alliance). Br J Haematol. 2019;185(1):53-64. doi:10.1111/bjh.15768 66. Hagenbeek A, Gadeberg O, Johnson P, et al. First clinical use of ofatumumab, a novel fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: results of a phase 1/2 trial. Blood. 2008;111(12):5486-5495. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-10-117671 67. Czuczman MS, Fayad L, Delwail V, et al. Ofatumumab monotherapy in rituximab-refractory follicular lymphoma: results from a multicenter study. Blood. 2012;119(16):3698-3704. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-09-378323 68. Morschhauser F, Leonard JP, Fayad L, et al. Humanized anti-CD20 antibody, veltuzumab, in refractory/recurrent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: phase I/II results. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2009;27(20):3346-3353. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.19.9117 69. Morschhauser F, Marlton P, Vitolo U, et al. Results of a phase I/II study of ocrelizumab, a fully humanized anti-CD20 mAb, in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2010;21(9):1870-1876. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq027 70. Tobinai K, Ogura M, Kobayashi Y, et al. Phase I study of LY2469298, an Fc-engineered humanized anti-CD20 antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Cancer Sci. 2011;102(2):432-438. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01809.x 71. Ganjoo KN, de Vos S, Pohlman BL, et al. Phase 1/2 study of ocaratuzumab, an Fc-engineered humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in low-affinity FcγRIIIa patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(1):42-48. doi:10.3109/10428194.2014.911859 72. Leonard JP, Coleman M, Ketas JC, et al. Phase I/II trial of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 antibody) in indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2003;21(16):3051-3059. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.01.082 73. Advani A, Coiffier B, Czuczman MS, et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity of inotuzumab ozogamicin, a novel immunoconjugate for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results of a phase I study. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2010;28(12):2085-2093. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.1900 74. Ogura M, Tobinai K, Hatake K, et al. Phase I study of inotuzumab ozogamicin (CMC-544) in Japanese patients with follicular lymphoma pretreated with rituximab-based therapy. Cancer Sci. 2010;101(8):1840-1845. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01601.x 75. Kebriaei P, Cutler C, de Lima M, et al. Management of important adverse events associated with inotuzumab ozogamicin: expert panel review. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2018;53(4):449-456. doi:10.1038/s41409-017-0019-y 76. Hamadani M, Radford J, Carlo-Stella C, et al. Final results of a phase 1 study of loncastuximab tesirine in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2021;137(19):2634-2645. doi:10.1182/blood.2020007512 77. Salles G, Gopal AK, Minnema MC, et al. Phase 2 Study of Daratumumab in Relapsed/Refractory Mantle-Cell Lymphoma, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, and Follicular Lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2019;19(5):275-284. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2018.12.013 78. Fanale M, Assouline S, Kuruvilla J, et al. Phase IA/II, multicentre, open-label study of the CD40 antagonistic monoclonal antibody lucatumumab in adult patients with advanced non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2014;164(2):258-265. doi:10.1111/bjh.12630 79. Czuczman MS, Thall A, Witzig TE, et al. Phase I/II study of galiximab, an anti-CD80 antibody, for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23(19):4390-4398. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.09.018 80. Armand P, Janssens A, Gritti G, et al. Efficacy and safety results from CheckMate 140, a phase 2 study of nivolumab for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma. Blood. 2021;137(5):637-645. doi:10.1182/blood.2019004753 81. Press OW, Unger JM, Braziel RM, et al. Phase II trial of CHOP chemotherapy followed by tositumomab/iodine I-131 tositumomab for previously untreated follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: five-year follow-up of Southwest Oncology Group Protocol S9911. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2006;24(25):4143-4149. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.05.8198 82. Leonard JP, Coleman M, Kostakoglu L, et al. Abbreviated chemotherapy with fludarabine followed by tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab for untreated follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23(24):5696-5704. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.14.803 83. Press OW, Unger JM, Rimsza LM, et al. Phase III randomized intergroup trial of CHOP plus rituximab compared with CHOP chemotherapy plus (131)iodine-tositumomab for previously untreated follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma: SWOG S0016. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2013;31(3):314-320. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.42.4101 84. Nastoupil LJ, Chin CK, Westin JR, et al. Safety and activity of pembrolizumab in combination with rituximab in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Blood Adv. 2022;6(4):1143-1151. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006240 85. Leonard JP, Schuster SJ, Emmanouilides C, et al. Durable complete responses from therapy with combined epratuzumab and rituximab: final results from an international multicenter, phase 2 study in recurrent, indolent, non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer. 2008;113(10):2714-2723. doi:10.1002/cncr.23890 86. Grant BW, Jung SH, Johnson JL, et al. A phase 2 trial of extended induction epratuzumab and rituximab for previously untreated follicular lymphoma: CALGB 50701. Cancer. 2013;119(21):3797-3804. doi:10.1002/cncr.28299 87. Morschhauser F, Flinn IW, Advani R, et al. Polatuzumab vedotin or pinatuzumab vedotin plus rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: final results from a phase 2 randomised study (ROMULUS). Lancet Haematol. 2019;6(5):e254-e265. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(19)30026-2 88. Diefenbach C, Kahl BS, McMillan A, et al. Polatuzumab vedotin plus obinutuzumab and lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a cohort of a multicentre, single-arm, phase 1b/2 study. Lancet Haematol. 2021;8(12):e891-e901. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00311-2 89. Hutchings M, Mous R, Clausen MR, et al. Dose escalation of subcutaneous epcoritamab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an open-label, phase 1/2 study. Lancet Lond Engl. 2021;398(10306):1157-1169. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00889-8 90. Bannerji R, Arnason JE, Advani RH, et al. Odronextamab, a human CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody in patients with CD20-positive B-cell malignancies (ELM-1): results from the relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma cohort in a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2022;9(5):e327-e339. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(22)00072-2 91. Hutchings M, Morschhauser F, Iacoboni G, et al. Glofitamab, a Novel, Bivalent CD20-Targeting T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibody, Induces Durable Complete Remissions in Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase I Trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2021;39(18):1959-1970. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.03175 92. Subklewe M. BiTEs better than CAR T cells. Blood Adv. 2021;5(2):607-612. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001792 93. Tapia-Galisteo A, Compte M, Álvarez-Vallina L, Sanz L. When three is not a crowd: trispecific antibodies for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics. 2023;13(3):1028-1041. doi:10.7150/thno.81494 94. Wu L, Seung E, Xu L, et al. Trispecific antibodies enhance the therapeutic efficacy of tumor-directed T cells through T cell receptor co-stimulation. Nat Cancer. 2020;1(1):86-98. doi:10.1038/s43018-019-0004-z 95. Yao Y, Hu Y, Wang F. Trispecific antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. Immunology. 2023;169(4):389-399. doi:10.1111/imm.13636 96. Fayad L, Offner F, Smith MR, et al. Safety and clinical activity of a combination therapy comprising two antibody-based targeting agents for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results of a phase I/II study evaluating the immunoconjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin with rituximab. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2013;31(5):573-583. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.42.7211 97. Kolstad A, Illidge T, Bolstad N, et al. Phase 1/2a study of 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan in relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv. 2020;4(17):4091-4101. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002583 98. Palomba ML, Till BG, Park SI, et al. Combination of Atezolizumab and Obinutuzumab in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results from a Phase 1b Study. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2022;22(7):e443-e451. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2021.12.010 99. Morschhauser F, Ghosh N, Lossos IS, et al. Obinutuzumab-atezolizumab-lenalidomide for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: final analysis of a Phase Ib/II trial. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(8):147. doi:10.1038/s41408-021-00539-8 100. Czuczman MS, Hess G, Gadeberg OV, et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with ofatumumab in combination with CHOP in previously untreated follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2012;157(4):438-445. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09086.x 101. Westin JR, Chu F, Zhang M, et al. Safety and activity of PD1 blockade by pidilizumab in combination with rituximab in patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma: a single group, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(1):69-77. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70551-5 102. Czuczman MS, Leonard JP, Jung S, et al. Phase II trial of galiximab (anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody) plus rituximab (CALGB 50402): Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score is predictive of upfront immunotherapy responsiveness. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2012;23(9):2356-2362. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr620

L'évolution tardive du Domaine Sud Armoricain (segment de la chaîne Varisque Ouest Européenne), se traduit par un effondrement gravitaire de la croûte préalablement épaissie dans un contexte tectonique extensif. Cette extension s'accompagne, dans tout le domaine, d'une fusion partielle de la croûte moyenne à inférieure et de l'exhumation des roches métamorphiques issues de niveaux crustaux profonds. L'approche pluridisciplinaire conduite dans cette étude permet de proposer un calendrier précis de la fusion crustale et d'étudier les mécanismes de la déformation responsable de l'exhumation de la croûte moyenne à inférieure. Une des démarches adoptées associe l'identification structurale et cinématique précise des témoins de l'étirement et leur datation multiméthodes (U-Th/Pb sur monazite, et A/Ar sur micas). Dans la partie occidentale du Domaine Sud Armoricain, cette approche permet ainsi de documenter un continuum de déformation extensive durant plus de 20 Ma, qui accompagne en partie l'exhumation des roches de haut grade qui elle, se développe entre 325 Ma et 300 Ma. L'étude géophysique, combinant ASM et gravimétrie, permet en outre de caractériser la structure interne et la géométrie en profondeur du complexe granitique de Carnac, dont la mise en place apparaît être le témoin du stade le plus précoce de ce continuum. La fusion partielle des migmatites et la mise en place des plutons granitiques, interprétées à la fois comme le moteur et la conséquence de l'étirement et de l'exhumation, est estimée entre 335 Ma et 320 Ma. Cette anatexie généralisée apparaît synchrone à l'échelle de tout le domaine, ce qui permet un regard nouveau sur les stades tardi-orogéniques du Domaine Sud Armoricain. L'étude de la déformation extensive et de l'exhumation dans les portions occidentale et orientale, met en évidence des contrastes de style tectonique, suggérant une exhumation plus importante des parties orientales du Domaine Sud Armoricain.

Différents corps métamorphiques et magmatiques dans leLlimousin et dans les Pyrénées orientales ont été datés par la méthode u/pb à la microsonde ionique et 4 0ar/ 3 9ar sur monograin. Les résultats permettent d'avancer de nouvelles idées sur l'évolution orogénique de ces segments de la chaîne varisque. 1. Pyrénées orientales. L'orthogneiss de canigou-caranca a été daté par la méthode u/pb à la microsonde ionique sur zircons selectionnes. Les âges 2 0 6pb/ 2 3 8u des trois echantillons analyses varient entre 460 et 500 ma. Cet âge invalide le modèle classique de disposition en socle et couverture des séries métamorphiques. 2. Limousin. Le protolithe de la leptynite de vergonzac qui fait partie de l'unité supérieure des gneiss, a été daté à 525 6 ma (u/pb sur zircons a la microsonde ionique). Cet âge est compatible avec les âges des autres unités métamorphiques du Limousin. La mise en place du leucogranite péralumineux de blond a été datée à 319 7 ma (u/pb sur zircons a la microsonde ionique). Les âges 4 0ar/ 3 9ar sur muscovites de cette intrusion varient entre 311 et 306 ma. Ils sont interprétés non pas comme des âges de refroidissement, mais comme caractérisant une activite magmatique et hydrothermale importante. Les granitoides sous couverture du seuil du Poitou ont donné des âges 4 0ar/ 3 9ar sur biotites et amphiboles entre 350 et 345 ma. Une modélisation numérique a permis de les interpréter en termes de refroidissement et d'exhumation. Les minéralisations a w et sn de moulin-barret et de puy-les-vignes ont fourni des âges de 324 ma, ce qui implique l'existance d'un épisode de minéralisations au namurien. Une synthèse de tous les résultats permet de proposer une exhumation et une extension tardi-orogenique précoce, respectivement vers 340 ma et 320 ma. 3. Méthodologie. Quelques réflexions sur la calibration des analyses u/pb à la microsonde ionique sont proposées. La forme des spectres d'âge 4 0ar/ 3 9ar, leur signification en termes d'âge et l'interprétation des âges 4 0ar/ 3 9ar sont abordées.

Un des enjeux majeurs en Sciences de la Terre est la compréhension des mécanismes de déformation de la lithosphère continentale dans des zones de convergence. Le plateau Tibétain constitue un laboratoire naturel idéal pour l'étude des processus crustaux profonds actifs dans ces contextes, du fait de sa superficie et de son altitude remarquables. Le soulèvement et l'épaississement de la croûte Tibétaine ont été classiquement attribués aux effets de la collision Inde-Asie Tertiaire. Cependant, cette interprétation a été récemment mise en question par une série d’observations géologiques et géophysiques non concordantes, à différents endroits du plateau.L'objectif de cette thèse est de quantifier l’importance de l’héritage géologique dans la déformation à long-terme et à court-terme d’une chaîne active, en déchiffrant les différentes étapes de la structuration des Longmen Shan, la bordure la plus énigmatique du plateau Tibétain. Dans la chaîne des Longmen Shan la croûte Tibétaine est très épaissie (>60 km) et l'activité tectonique est localisée le long des failles d’échelle lithosphérique, comme démontré par les séismes de Wenchuan 2008 (Mw 7.9) et de Lushan 2013 (Mw 6.6). Un fort gradient topographique est présent, bien que les taux de convergence mesurés par GPS soient très faibles (<3 mm/an). Ces caractéristiques ne sont pas explicables par un modèle unique de déformation crustale, ce qui suggère une forte contribution de l'héritage géologique acquis avant la collision Inde-Asie dans la structure actuelle de la chaîne.Une étude pétro-chronologique qui combine des observations microstructurales avec la cartographie chimique des minéraux majeurs et accessoires, la modélisation thermodynamique et la datation in-situ par méthode 40Ar/39Ar et U-Pb/Th sur mica et allanite a été appliquée aux roches métamorphique à l’affleurement de chaque côté des faille majeures. L’analyse haute résolution montre que les minéraux métamorphiques dans la matrice des sédiments à grenat provenant des unités internes de la chaîne préservent dans leur composition le témoignage de différentes étapes du métamorphisme. Ceci s’explique par un rééquilibrage chimique incomplet en raison de la variabilité des fluides disponibles au cours du métamorphisme. Les différentes étapes du métamorphisme sont aussi enregistrées dans le signal 40Ar/39Ar des micas et dans la composition des minéraux accessoires.La compréhension des processus pétrologiques à petite échelle a été intégrée aux observations de terrain afin de quantifier l’épaississement de la croûte Tibétaine au Mésozoïque (> 30 km) et de mettre en évidence un saut métamorphique >150°C à travers les failles majeures, hérité de la tectonique Mésozoïque. Si les unités internes de la chaîne ont été fortement déformées, découplées du socle cristallin et métamorphisées à T ~580-600°C (P ~11 kbar), les unités externes apparaissent moins déformées et épaissies (T< 400°C, P< 5 kbar). Une exhumation partielle du socle depuis c. 20 km de profondeur a été également documentée à 120-140 Ma et reliée à un évènement tectonique méconnu auparavant.Cette thèse a ainsi permis de quantifier la durée et les conditions qui caractérisent les différentes étapes de la maturation de la chaîne: les unités internes atteignent la relaxation thermique 40 Ma après le début de la propagation du prisme orogénique. Le socle est réactivé 40 Ma plus tard, lorsqu’il atteint des conditions thermiques proches de celles de sa couverture sédimentaire. L’héritage géologique Mésozoïque contrôle fortement l’état thermique et rhéologique de la croûte supérieure au moment de la réactivation Cénozoïque ainsi que la structure actuelle de la chaîne.L’étude petro-chronologique de différents segments de la chaîne a aussi mis en évidence une segmentation métamorphique héritée du Mésozoïque qui correspond à la segmentation actuelle des failles. Ceci suggère que des structures héritées pourraient en partie contrôler la localisation des séismes récents
One of the major challenges in Earth Sciences is understanding how the continental lithosphere deforms in convergent settings, according to which timescales. For its elevation and extension the Tibetan plateau is an ideal natural laboratory for the study of deep crustal processes in active convergent settings. The rise and thickening of the Tibetan plateau has generally been related to the only collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates during the Cenozoic. However, this interpretation has been recently put into question by apparently contrasting geophysical and geological features observed at different locations on the plateau.The aim of this PhD is to quantify the importance of the geological inheritance in the long-term and short-term deformation of an active thrust belt, focusing on the Longmen Shan orogen, the most enigmatic border of the Tibetan plateau. In the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet) the Tibetan crust is over thickened (>60 km), the tectonic activity is localized along lithospheric faults -as demonstrated by the occurrence of the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan (2008) and Mw 6.6 Lushan (2013) earthquakes- and a high topography survives despite low convergence rates measured by GPS (<3 mm/yr). These observations are hardly reconcilable in a unique model of crustal deformation, suggesting a contribution of the geological inheritance from the geological history preceding the India-Asia collision.A petro-chronological approach that combines microstructural observations, compositional mapping of major and accessory mineral phases, thermodynamic modelling, in-situ 40Ar/39Ar dating, Ar diffusion modelling and in-situ U/Pb-Th allanite dating was applied to metamorphic rocks on each side of the major faults that strike parallel to the belt. This high-resolution study shows that in garnet-bearing rocks of the internal units of the belt matrix minerals record different stages of the metamorphic path in their composition. This is due to an incomplete chemical re-equilibration explained by a variable fluid availability during metamorphism. Different stages of metamorphism and fluid-assisted reactions sequences are also recorded in the 40Ar/39Ar signal of micas and in the composition and textures of the accessory phases.The understanding of petrological processes at the small scale was combined with field observations to quantify the Mesozoic thickness of the Tibetan crust at > 30 km and to unravel a metamorphic jump of greater than 150°C across the major faults, inherited from the Mesozoic tectonics. While internal units of the belt were strongly deformed, decoupled from the basement and metamorphosed at T ~ 580-600°C (P ~11 kbar), external units were less deformed and experienced lower temperatures conditions (T < 400°C, P < 5 kbar). The partial exhumation of the crystalline basement from c. 20 km depth along the major fault (in both internal and external units) occurred at c. 120-140 Ma during a previously poorly documented tectonic event.The multi-method approach applied on a wide geographical area and on a large time interval enabled to quantify the rates and conditions of the different stages of the maturation of the belt; internal units reached the thermal relaxation at ~600°C 40 Ma after the beginning of the propagation of the orogenic load. The basement was re-activated 40 Ma later, at similar thermal conditions than its sedimentary cover. The Mesozoic geological inheritance is therefore a key element in the present structure of the belt and strongly controlled the rheological and structural state of the upper crust at the moment of the Cenozoic re-activation.The petro-chronological study of different segments of the belt showed an along-strike metamorphic segmentation of the Longmen Shan inherited from the Mesozoic. This segmentation corresponds to the present fault segmentation, underlying the potential role of inherited structure in controlling the geographic distribution of the recent earthquakes

Le magmatisme cénozoïque de la ceinture orogénique qui relie les zones tectoniques de l'Iran, du bloc arménien méridional (petit Caucase) et de la Turquie, reste un sujet de débat. Cette recherche se concentre sur l'épaisse succession géologique de roches volcaniques shoshonitiques calco-alcalines riches en K exposées dans le massif de Talysh, qui fait partie de la ceinture magmatique de l'Alborz, dans le nord-ouest de l'Iran. L'objectif de cette étude est d'étudier les roches volcaniques relativement peu étudiées du massif de Talysh afin de mieux contraindre le cadre géodynamique du magmatisme pendant la convergence régionale. Une étude complète incluant de nouvelles données de terrain, la chimie minérale, la géochimie des éléments majeurs et traces des roches totales, la composition isotopique (Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf), la géochronologie 40Ar-39Ar, et le zircon U-Pb. Cette montre une série magmatique de basaltes riches en olivine, basaltes à clinopyroxène-phyrique, basaltes à clinopyroxène-phyrique, basaltes à amphibole-phyrique, téphrites, trachy-andésites et roches pyroclastiques. Ils contiennent de multiples populations de cristaux : olivine, clinopyroxène, amphibole et phlogopite, avec des textures de rééquilibrage ainsi qu'une zonation oscillatoire et inverse complexe, des textures criblées et des textures de résorption, ce qui suggère que les magmas ont été stockés dans et différenciés dans des chambres magmatiques avec des réinjections successives avant l'éruption. En outre, les âges 40Ar-39Ar de la biotite et des amphiboles des basaltes et les âges U-Pb du zircon des roches pyroclastiques indiquent que l'activité volcanique s'est déroulée pendant ~ 10 Myr (49-38 Myr). L'enrichissement en LILE et l'appauvrissement en Nb, Ta et Ti sont des caractéristiques des laves de Talysh, qui présentent des caractéristiques géochimiques d'arc. Leurs compositions isotopiques varient : 87Sr/86Sr (i) de 0,7045 à 0,7066, ɛNd(i) de ~-2,2 à +1,7, et ɛHf(i) de -2,5 à +3,6. Les roches ont des compositions radiogéniques en plomb (206Pb/204Pb de 18,51 à 19,04, 207Pb/204Pb de 15,59 à 15,63, et 208Pb/204Pb de 38,67 à 39,15). Les éléments majeurs de la plupart des échantillons primitifs (MgO > 5 % en poids) sont comparables à ceux des fusions partielles à faible degré (4-9%) d'une lherzolite à grenat et spinelle avec des rapports grenat:spinelle de 40:60 à 20:80. Les résultats obtenus par géothermobarométrie clinopyroxène-liquide indiquent une variété de réservoirs magmatiques, allant de niveaux profonds (79-60 km) à des niveaux moins profonds (2 km). Les rapports isotopiques de Sr, Nd, Pb et Hf, ainsi que les profils similaires d'éléments traces incompatibles normalisés par la chondrite et par le manteau primitif, ainsi que les estimations thermobarométriques sur les cristaux d'olivine, de clinopyroxène et d'amphibole, suggèrent que la source mantellique est une source asthénosphérique enrichie et que de la croûte continentale a été mélangée au cours du processus de différenciation. Les données sont cohérentes avec la fusion partielle d'un manteau sous-continental à grenat modifié par subduction et les interactions avec un manteau à spinelle pendant l'ascension magmatique. La phase magmatique éocène pourrait avoir été déclenchée par une remontée de l'Asthénosphère liée au début de la subduction à pendage sud du bassin transcaucasien. L'ascension magmatique a probablement été facilitée par des failles décrochantes trans-lithosphériques mises en évidence par les données paléomagnétiques. Le passage d'une composante magmatique calco-alcaline à une composante magmatique plus alcaline avec le temps, du sud au nord du massif de Talysh, suggère un raidissement de la plaque en réponse à un retournement à l'Éocène supérieur. Après cette période, le volcanisme s'est arrêté dans le Talysh Sud et a considérablement diminué dans le massif du Talysh Nord, où il a évolué vers un magmatisme de type adakitique au cours du Miocène supérieur et du Quaternaire
The Cenozoic magmatism of the Central Tethyan orogenic belt, which links the tectonic zones of Iran, the South Armenian Block (lesser Caucasus), and Turkey, remains a topic of debate. This research focuses on the thick geological succession of high-K calc-alkaline shoshonitic volcanic rocks exposed in the Talysh Massif, part of the Alborz magmatic belt, northwestern Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate the relatively unstudied volcanic rocks of the Talysh Massif to better constrain the geodynamic setting of magmatism during regional convergence. A comprehensive study including new field data, mineral chemistry, bulk-rock major and trace element geochemistry, isotope composition (Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf), geochronology 40Ar-39Ar, and zircon U-Pb. We classify them as olivine, clinopyroxene-phyric basalts, clinopyroxene-phyric basalts, amphibole-phyric basalts, tephrites, trachy-andesites, and pyroclastic rocks. They contain multiple crystal populations, including phenocrysts, antecrysts, and xenocrysts: olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole, and re-equilibrium phlogopite, along with complex oscillatory and reverse zoning, sieve textures, and resorption textures, which suggests that the magmas stalled and differentiated in the crust prior to eruption. Olivine-clinopyroxene-phyric samples in the southern part of the study area exhibit olivine phenocrysts chemically balanced with their host rock, with a slight zoning from high-Mg# cores (Mg# = 90) to rims (Mg# = 80). Furthermore, the amphiboles, biotite 40Ar-39Ar ages of basalts, and zircon U-Pb ages of pyroclastic rocks indicate that volcanic activity took place for ~ 10 Myr (between 49 and 38 Myr). Enrichment in LILE and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti are characteristics of the Talysh lavas, which exhibit arc geochemical features. They have isotopic compositions that vary, for 87Sr/86Sr (i) from 0.7045 to 0.7066, for ɛNd(i) from ~-2.2 to +1.7, and ɛHf(i) from -2.5 to +3.6. The rocks have radiogenic lead 206Pb/204Pb ratios from 18.51 to 19.04, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.59 to 15.63, and 208Pb/204Pb from 38.67 to 39.15. The major elements of most primitive samples (MgO > 5 wt%) are comparable to those of melts obtained from low-degree (4–9%) partial melting of a spinel-garnet lherzolite with garnet:spinel ratios of 40:60 to 20:80. The results obtained from clinopyroxene-liquid geothermobarometry indicate a variety of magma reservoirs, ranging from deep levels (79–60 km) to shallower levels (2 km). The isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf, as well as the similar chondrite-normalized REE and primitive-mantle-normalized incompatible trace element patterns along thermobarometry estimates on olivine, clinopyroxene, and amphibole crystals, suggests that the mantle source is an enriched asthenospheric source, and that continental crust was mixed in during the differentiation process. The data are consistent with the partial melting of a garnet-bearing subduction-modified subcontinental mantle and interactions with a spinel-bearing mantle during magmatic ascent. This magmatic flare-up could have been triggered by an asthenosphere upwelling related to the onset of south-dipping subduction of the Transcaucasus basin. Asthenosphere flow and magmatic ascent were likely facilitated by trans-lithospheric strike-slip faults and block rotations highlighted by paleomagnetic data. A transition from calc-alkaline towards a more alkaline magmatic component with time, from south to north of the Talysh massif, suggests a slab steepening in response to roll-back in the Late Eocene. After this period, volcanism stopped in the South Talysh and significantly decreased in the North Talysh massif, where it evolved into an adakitic-type magmatism during the Late Miocene and Quaternary

As part of the wider European GTS Next project, I propose new constraints on the ages of the Late Cretaceous, derived from a multitude of geochronological techniques, and successful stratigraphic interpretations from Canada and Japan. In the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, we propose a new constraint on the age of the K/Pg boundary in the Red Deer River section (Alberta, Canada). We were able to cyclostratigraphically tune sediments in a non-marine, fluvial environment utilising high-resolution proxy records suggesting a 11-12 precession related cyclicity. Assuming the 40Ar/39Ar method is inter-calibrated with the cyclostratigraphy, the apparent age for C29r suggests that the K/Pg boundary falls between eccentricity maxima and minima, yielding an age of the C29r between 65.89 ± 0.08 and 66.30 ± 0.08 Ma. Assuming that the bundle containing the coal horizon represents a precession cycle, the K/Pg boundary is within the analytical uncertainty of the youngest zircon population achieving a revised age for the K/Pg boundary as 65.75 ± 0.06 Ma. The Campanian - Maastrichtian boundary is preserved in the sedimentary succession of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and has been placed ~8 m below Coal nr. 10. Cyclostratigraphic studies show that the formation of these depositional sequences (alternations) of all scales are influenced directly by sea-level changes due to precession but more dominated by eccentricity cycles proved in the cyclostratigraphic framework and is mainly controlled by sand horizons, which have been related by autocyclicity in a dynamic sedimentary setting. Our work shows that the Campanian - Maastrichtian boundary in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin coincides with ~2.5 eccentricity cycles above the youngest zircon age population at the bottom of the section and ~4.9 Myr before the Cretaceous - Palaeogene boundary (K/Pg), and thus corresponds to an absolute age of 70.65 ± 0.09 Ma producing an ~1.4 Myr younger age than recent published ages. Finally, using advances with terrestrial carbon isotope and planktonic foraminifera records within central Hokkaido, Northwest Pacific, sections from the Cretaceous Yezo group were correlated to that of European and North American counterparts. Datable ash layers throughout the Kotanbetsu and Shumarinai section were analysed using both 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb methods. We successfully dated two ash tuff layers falling either side of the Turonian - Coniacian boundary, yielding an age range for the boundary between 89.31 ± 0.11 Ma and 89.57 ± 0.11 Ma or a boundary age of 89.44 ± 0.24 Ma. Combining these U-Pb ages with recent published ages we are able to reduce the age limit once more and propose an age for the Turonian - Coniacian boundary as 89.62 ± 0.04 Ma.

Au nepal central, dans les regions de katmandou et du gosainkund, une etude geologique multidisciplinaire a ete menee afin de caracteriser et de distinguer les nappes cristallines de katmandou (bas-himalaya) et du gosainkund (haut-himalaya), du moyen pays. Deux deformations principales ont ete reconnues : l'une syn-metamorphique, enregistree par des microstructures (lineation d'etirement, structures c-s, etc. ), l'autre post-metamorphique, enregistree par un axe anticlinal, oriente globalement w-e et par des plis orientes nne-ssw. Les conditions p-t syn-metamorphique different entre katmandou (900-720 mpa et 700-480\c) et gosainkund (890-580 mpa et 750-590\c). Entre le moyen pays (750 mpa et 560\c) et la nappe du gosainkund, les resultats p-t montrent une preservation du metamorphisme inverse. Les nombreuses similitudes petrographiques et geochimiques existant entre les gneiss illes et les granites cambro-ordoviciens des nappes de katmandou et du gosainkund montrent que ces formations sont equivalentes. Tel ne saurait etre le cas des gneiss illes du moyen pays du fait de leur age proterozoique. La chronologie du metamorphisme, determinee par la methode 4 0ar/ 3 9ar sur muscovite, montre un rajeunissement du sud vers le nord pour les trois unites (de 22 a 13 ma dans la nappe de katmandou, de 16 a 5 ma dans celle du gosainkund, et de 12 a 6 ma dans le moyen pays). Cette distribution n/s des ages n'etant pas correlable avec les assemblages metamorphiques, ni avec la deformation syn-metamorphique, elle correspondrait donc a une structuration post-metamorphique recente. En outre, les ages suggerent une exhumation plus precoce pour la nappe de katmandou que pour celle du gosainkund. Finalement, la nappe de katmandou et la nappe du gosainkund different tant par leur composition que par leur histoire geologique. Leurs caracteristiques s'accorderaient bien avec une origine de plus en plus distale au front de la marge septentrionale du continent indien.

Le domaine valaisan dessine une suture qui marque la limite entre les zones internes et externes des Alpes occidentales. Cette suture est constituée de roches magmatiques d'affinité tholéïtique (le complexe du Versoyen) dont l'interprétation géodynamique était controversée. En effet, suivant les auteurs, cette suture pourrait représenter: 1) une klippe d'origine piémontaise (suture d'hyper-collision), 2) une écaille ophiolitique située au front d'un prisme d'accrétion (suture océanique), 3) un complexe magmatique lié à un amincissement crustal (inversion structurale). Le but de ce travail était de trouver des arguments qui permettaient de résoudre cette controverse. Ainsi les résultats acquis au cours de cette thèse montrent que: ― Le magmatisme tholéïtique du Versoyen, dans les régions du col du Petit Saint Bernard (frontière franco-italienne) et de Visp (Suisse), présente des caractères géochimiques et isotopiques identiques qui sont intermédiaires entre ceux des N-MORB et des T-MORB. Ces tholéïtes dériveraient de la fusion partielle d'un manteau appauvri (de type N-MORB), avec probablement la participation d'une source enrichie (de type OIB). ― Dans la région du col du Petit Saint Bernard, certaines tholéïtes sont recoupées par des filons leucocrates qui correspondent à des liquides différenciés, cogénétiques du magmatisme. Les datations U/Pb sur les zircons contenus dans l'un de ces filons indiquent un âge Carbonifère supérieur pour le magmatisme du Versoyen. ― Le complexe du Versoyen est affecté par un métamorphisme polyphasé de type éclogitique, schiste bleu et schiste vert. La paragénèse éclogitique correspond à des conditions de Haute-Pression et Basse-Température qui traduisent un enfouissement à grande profondeur, lié à une subduction. Les datations Ar/Ar réalisées sur les phengites donnent des âges de refroidissement proches de 33 Ma et permettent d'affiner le chemin P-T-t de ce complexe au cours de l'exhumation des éclogites. ― Le complexe du Versoyen est affecté par une déformation syn-schiste vert qui correspond à un jeu normal vers le SE. Cette déformation apparait dès l'Èocène supérieur ― Oligocène et explique en partie l'exhumation des éclogites. Ce jeu normal est contemporain de chevauchements dans la zone externe et pourrait accomoder un réamincissement crustal au cours de la collision alpine. Ces données permettent une réinterprétation de la signification géodynamique du complexe du Versoyen dont l'individualisation est liée au cycle hercynien alors que son évolution tectonométamorphique est contrôlée par l'orogénèse alpine

Le gisement de Tocantinzinho est situé sur la province aurifère de Tapajós et est le plus grand gisement d'or de la province, avec 53,9 tonnes d'or estimées. Sa formation commence par un magmatisme granodioritique autour de 2005 Ma, suivi d'un magmatisme granitique. Le granite Tocantinzinho est composé de deux faciès principaux (syenogranite - 1996± 2Ma; monzogranite 1989±1 Ma), des corps d’aplite et de pegmatite, qui suggère un magmatisme enrichie en fluide et mis en place à faible profondeur. Intrusifs dans ces roches, des dykes d'andésite (1998±8Ma) ont des fragments de granite et des mélanges entre les 2 magmas suggèrent un magmatisme à la fois continu et polyphasé. Il est proposé que les premiers dykes d’andésite se sont mis en place alors que le granite n’était pas entièrement cristallisé (mingling) et les derniers lors des stades de déformation à l’état solide du granite. Utilisant la courbe de refroidissement, un âge minimum de 1975 Ma a été estimé pour l’andésite. Les taux de refroidissement des roches plutoniques varient de 3,6 à 14,7°C/Ma, avec une moyenne de 7,5°C/Ma, suggérant que les processus d'exhumation verticale sont faibles. La géométrie allongée du granite ainsi que la tectonique syn-magmatique de l'andésite corroborent la prédominance des mouvements horizontaux. L’affinité calc-alcaline fortement potassique et des anomalies en niobium définissent deux configurations possibles pour le cadre géotectonique: arc continental de type Andin ou Post-collisionnel. Compte tenue la relation génétique entre magmatisme, cisaillement décrochant et les faibles taux de refroidissement, l’environnement post-collisionnel est plus probable. Cela ensemble avec les âges nous permettent de comparer ces roches avec celles de la Suite Intrusive Creporizão (1997-1957Ma). La dacite (1992 ± 2 Ma) recoupe les autres roches, cependant, la signature géochimique comparable aux roches anorogéniques suggère qu’elle appartient à une série magmatique distinct. La zone minéralisée est limitée par deux failles majeures senestres de direction N100°-130E°. Le granite Tocantinzinho et les roches hypo-volcaniques déformées sont dans ce couloir, altérées par de fluides hydrothermaux et minéralisées pendant deux phases tectoniques distinctes. La première est caractérisée par des brèches et des microfractures remplies par muscovite (1864±5Ma) et pyrite, associées à de faibles teneur d’or (<1,5ppm) restreintes au granite. La deuxième phase a été contrôlée par le cisaillement décrochant senestre normal générant des fentes de tension et des brèches remplies par quartz, chlorite, calcite, albite, rutile, pyrite, galène, sphalérite, chalcopyrite et or. La teneur en or peut atteindre jusqu'à 70 ppm dans les veines riches en sulfures. Ces structures de remplissage syntectonique sont parallèles entre elles et orientées N30-60°E. Deux hypothèses ont été proposées pour expliquer la genèse du gisement: la première considère une relation génétique entre magmatisme et minéralisation au moins pour le premier stage de minéralisation selon un modèle porphyrique et la seconde alternative considère une réactivation des failles préexistantes par une tectonique transtensive liée au magmatisme Maloquinha (ca. 1880Ma) pour les deux stades minéralisateurs. Les deux phases dans les deux hypothèses, ont été classées comme des minéralisations de type magmato-hydrothermale qui pourraient être classées soit comme des systèmes d'or liés à l'intrusion. De nouveaux travaux sur le terrain et en laboratoire seraient nécessaires pour identifier et caractériser la nature et la source des fluides hydrothermaux, pour dater la minéralisation et mieux comprendre le rôle des roches hypo-volcaniques. Toutefois, les premiers résultats, et notamment le rôle fondamental du contrôle tectonique pour la minéralisation sont très significatifs et peuvent aider de manière conséquente à l'établissement des programmes d'exploration et d'exploitation futurs
The Tocantinzinho deposit is located on the Tapajós Gold Province and is the largest gold deposit within Province, with 53,9 tons of gold. Its formation begins with a granodioritic magmatism around 2005Ma, followed by a granitic magmatism 10 Ma latter. The Tocantinzinho granite is composed by two main facies, syenogranite (1996±2Ma) and monzogranite (1989±1Ma), and by aplite and pegmatite bodies, suggesting a fluid-rich magmatism at shallow depth. Andesite dikes (1998±8Ma) are intrusive in both rocks. Sharp fragments of those rocks along contacts and minor mingling with granitic magma suggest a multiphase magmatism at distinct timing. The first dikes have intruded within granite when it was crystalizing, thus a minimum age of 1975Ma was estimated. Cooling rates of plutonic rocks vary from 3.6 to 14.7°C/Ma, with an average of 7.5°C/Ma, suggesting vertical exhumation processes were minor. The elongated geometry of granite along with sin-magmatic strike-slip tectonics of andesite corroborate the predominance of horizontal movements. Geochemical analysis show high-K calk-alkaline affinity and niobium anomaly indicator of two possible geotectonic settings for these rocks: Andean-type continental arc or post-collisional one. Considering the genetic relationship between magmatism, strike-slip faults, and low cooling rates, a post-collisional setting is more likely. The geochemical signature, ages and style of tectonism allow us to compare those rocks with the ones from Creporizão Intrusive Suite (1997-1957Ma). Dacite dikes (1992±2Ma) cut across all other rocks, but the temporal relationship among them remains misunderstood, due to the geochemical signature similar to the anorogenic rocks, suggesting it belongs to a distinct and latter magmatic series. Indeed, the dated zircons were probably inherited from host rocks. The mineralized area is restricted to a domain constrained by two major sinistral strike-slip N100°-130E°E faults that comprises the Tocantinzinho granite and sub-volcanic rocks, which were hydrothermally altered, brittle deformed and mineralized during two phases. The first one is characterized by breccias and microfractures infilled with muscovite (1864±5Ma) and pyrite, which contains low gold grades and are restricted to the Tocantinzinho granite. The second phase was controlled by strike-slip and normal tectonics generating tension gashes veins and pull apart breccias infilled with quartz, chlorite, calcite, albite, rutile, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and gold. The gold grade can reach up to 70 ppm in some sulfide-rich veins. These structures are parallel and mainly trends N30-60°E, showing textures and orientated minerals typical of syn-tectonic infilling. Based on petrographical features and argon ages two hypothesis were proposed for the ore genesis: the first one consider a genetic relationship between magmatism and ore fluids for first mineralization stage and the second hypothesis consider a reactivation of pre-existing faults by an extensional tectonism related to the Maloquinha Intrusive Suite magmatism (ca.1880Ma) for this phase. The second mineralization phase is considered as formed as consequence of tectonic reactivation at ca. 1880Ma, in both hypothesis. Both phases in both hypothesis were classified as magmatic-hydrothermal ore mineralization and might be classified as intrusion-related gold systems. However, new field works are important in order to identify and characterize the nature and source of hydrothermal fluids, as well as ore dating and new geochemical and geochronological data of sub-volcanic rocks are imperative to better understand the genesis and evolution of the Tocantinzinho gold deposit. Such results, strongly linked to the fact that the tectonic control seem significant, may help for future exploration and exploitation programs

Les prismes collisionnels ductiles sont classiquement décrits par analogie aux prismes frictionnels superficiels, avec des déformations localisées et en séquence, s’enracinant sur un niveau de décollement basal. Cependant, puisqu’ils se construisent sous la transition cassant-ductile ils impliquent aussi des déformations ductiles distribuées à toutes les échelles. L’accrétion des différentes unités pourrait donc être significativement différente. Pour documenter l’évolution d’un prisme ductile il faut donc étudier finement l’évolution thermique de chaque unité et des zones de cisaillement qui les séparent pour comprendre comment elles s’accrètent au prisme. La présente étude prend pour support l’exemple typique du prisme Calédonien des Highlands et se propose d’utiliser une panoplie d’outils de thermochronologie haute température comme la méthode U-Pb sur apatite, en soulignant l’apport de la datation SIMS pour la détection fine de populations d’âge dans des terrains polymétmorphiques associée à la méthode éprouvée de datation 40Ar/39Ar sur micas. Les résultats U-Pb sur apatite et 40Ar/39Ar sur muscovites montrent que le refroidissement à l’échelle du prisme se produit vers 415-400 Ma. Les résultats des datations 40Ar/39Ar montrent également que les zones de cisaillement majeures dans le prisme ont des activités diachrones. La zone de cisaillement de Naver semble jouer dans des conditions > 500 ̊C seule, et tôt dans l’histoire du prisme, alors que les cisaillements de Ben Hope et du Moine semblent jouer de façon concomitante de 440 Ma à 415 Ma, avant la localisation complète de la déformation sur le Moine, et le refroidissement général et uniforme du prisme
Colisionnal wedges are typically described as analogue to frictio- nal superficial wedges. The frictional wedges display localized deformations propagating in sequence and rooting on a basal decollement level. Howe- ver rocks mechanics predicts that, below the brittle-ductile transition, rocks behvior change drastically and deformation occurrs both with localized and distributed patterns, thus suggesting possible first order differences between crustal-scale wedge and accretionary prisms. To better understand how a ductile wedge is built, the present study focuses on the Northern Highglands Caledonian nappe stack to characterize when and how they accreted one to another. To capture this deep stacking, occurring at temperatures above 400-500 ̊C, we performed high temperature thermochronolgy : SIMS U-Pb dating of apatites, which happens to be a powerful tool for distinguishing age populations in polymetamorphic terranes, and 40Ar/39Ar dating on mi- cas. U-Pb data suggest a cooling at the scale of the wedge near 415-400 Ma. Our 40Ar/39Ar data is consistent with this cooling in the internal part of the wedge near 415 Ma. The Naver thrust appears to be the older active shear zones, that ceased early in the Scandian sequence. Then, 40Ar/39Ar data sug- gest that ductile deformation occurred coevally on the Ben Hope and Moine shear zones from 440 Ma to 415 Ma, before final localization on the Moine thrust and exhumation and cooling of the whole stacked sequence before 410 Ma

Pour comprendre l'évolution tectono-métamorphique des unités de type Thiviers-Payzac dans la chaîne hercynienne, trois secteurs d'études ont été choisis: le Rouergue-Albigeois, le Quercy et la Vendée. Ces études pétrostructurales et géochronologiques ont permis de présenter l'évolution tectonique suivante:
Au Dévonien moyen, un premier épisode provoque le charriage vers le SW de l'Unité Supérieure des Gneiss sur l'Unité Inférieure des Gneiss. Dans le Rouergue, les granites syntectoniques ont aussi enregistrés cette déformation. Vers 360 Ma, un deuxième épisode tangentiel provoque le charriage des unités de type Thiviers-Payzac vers le NW en contexte métamorphique barrovien. Lors d'une troisième phase vers 330 Ma, les unités précédemment structurées sont charriées vers le Sud sur l'ensemble Albigeois-Montagne Noire. La signification du deuxième épisode est également discutée en termes de géodynamique.

Abstract Twenty-one new K-Ar and 10 new 40Ar/39Ar ages are reported for igneous and hydrothermal minerals from intrusive rocks of the Wasatch igneous belt in the central Wasatch Mountains. Interpretation of our new data combined with previously published K-Ar ages and with new 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb ages reported by Vogel et al. (1997) suggests that the Clayton Peak stock was emplaced at about 36 to 35 Ma, the Alta stock at about 35 to 33 Ma, and the Little Cottonwood stock at about 31 to 30 Ma. Biotite K-Ar ages progressively increase from west to east in the Little Cottonwood stock, which is consistent with more rapid cooling of the eastern part of the stock and with other evidence suggesting about 15 degrees of eastward tilting of the central Wasatch Mountains following emplacement of the Wasatch igneous belt. Most porphyry stocks in the Park City mining district were emplaced at about 41 to 40 Ma; the Ontario stock was emplaced at about 36 Ma. Vein deposits in the Park City mining district formed at about 36 to 33 Ma. The Park Premier stock was emplaced in several pulses between about 35 to 32 Ma. Alteration related to porphyry copper mineralization in the Park Premier stock formed at 33.5 Ma and advanced argillic alteration and gold mineralization formed at 31.4 Ma. Molybdenum mineralization in the eastern part of the Little Cottonwood stock formed between 26 to 23.5 Ma.