Книги: "Data Subgroup"

1

Atzmüller, Martin. Knowledge-intensive subgroup mining: Techniques for automatic and interactive discovery. Berlin: Aka, Akademische Verlagsgsellschaft, 2007.

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2

Office, General Accounting. Decennial census: Methods for collecting and reporting Hispanic subgroup data need refinement : report to Congressional Requesters. [Washington, D.C.]: GAO, 2003.

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3

Siek-Toon, Khoo, Goff Ginger Nelson, and Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), eds. Multidimensional description of subgroup differences in mathematics achievement data from the 1992 National Assessment of Educational Progress: Draft. Los Angeles CA: National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing, 1994.

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4

Wright, Thomas L. Chemical data for flows and feeder dikes of the Yakima Basalt Subgroup, Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, and their bearing on a petrogenetic model. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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5

1932-, Kameny Iris, United States. Defense Modeling and Simulation Office. Data and Repositories Technology Working Group., National Defense Research Institute (U.S.), and United States. Dept. of Defense., eds. Defense Modeling and Simulation Office Data and Repositories Technology Working Group (DRTWG) meetings held February 7-10, 1995, and additional task force and subgroup meetings held between July 1994 and February 1995. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1995.

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6

Hajat, Anjum. Health outcomes among Hispanic subgroups: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 1992-95. [Hyattsville, Md.] (6525 Belcrest Rd., Hyattsville 20782-2003): [U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2000.

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7

United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies., ed. Prevalence of substance use among racial and ethnic subgroups in the United States, 1991-1993. Rockville, Md. (5600 Fishers Lane, Rm. 16-105, Rockville 20857): Dept. of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, 1998.

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8

Atzmuller, Martin. Knowledge-Intensive Subgroup Mining: Techniques for Automatic and Interactive Discovery - Volume 307 Dissertations in Artificial Intelligence - Infix ... in Artificial Intelligence). IOS Press, 2007.

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9

Tran, Thanh V., and Keith T. Chan. Applied Cross-Cultural Data Analysis for Social Work. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888510.001.0001.

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Applied Cross-Cultural Data Analysis for Social Work is a research guide which provides a hands-on approach for learning and understanding data analysis techniques for examining and interpreting data for the purpose of cultural group comparisons. This book aims to provide practical applications in statistical approaches of data analyses that are commonly used in cross-cultural research and evaluation. Readers are presented with step-by-step illustrations in the use of descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics to compare cross-cultural populations using large-scale, population-based survey data. These techniques have important applications in health, mental health, and social science research relevant to social work and other helping professions, especially in providing a framework of evidence to examine health disparities using population-health data. For each statistical approach discussed in this book, we explain the underlying purpose, basic assumptions, types of variables, application of the Stata statistical package, the presentation of statistical findings, and the interpretation of results. Unlike previous guides on statistical approaches and data analysis in social work, this book explains and demonstrates the strategies of cross-cultural data analysis using descriptive and bivariate analysis, multiple regression, additive and multiplicative interaction, mediation, and SEM and HLM for subgroup analysis and cross-cultural comparisons. This book also includes sample syntax from Stata for social work researchers to conduct cross-cultural analysis with their own research.

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10

Proctor, Kim. Measuring Group Consciousness. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.33.

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Although group consciousness is an important concept in explaining political behavior, both theoretical guidance on how to measure group consciousness and empirical consensus regarding its operationalization are lacking. This has the potential to lead to both diverging results and inaccurate empirical conclusions, which greatly limits the ability to understand the role that group consciousness plays in politics. Using data from Pew’s 2013 “Survey of LGBT Americans,” this analysis provides a foundation for measuring group consciousness using item response theory (IRT). Through an examination of dimensionality, monotonicity, model fit, and differential item functioning, the results demonstrate that many assumptions about measuring group consciousness have been incorrect. Further, the findings suggest that previous conclusions about subgroup differences may be the result of survey bias, rather than actual between-group differences. Moving forward, scholars of political behavior should use IRT to measure latent constructs.

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11

Elwood, Mark. Chance variation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0008.

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This chapter explains chance variation and statistical tests, including discrete and continuous measures, the concept of significance, one and two sided test, exact tests, precision and confidence limits. It shows tests of differences in proportions and chi-square tests, the Mantel-Haenszel test, and calculation of confidence limits, for simple tables and for stratified data. It covers heterogeneity tests, multiplicative and additive models, ordered exposure variables and tests of trend. It explains statistical tests for matched studies and in multivariate models. Multiple testing, the Bonferroni correction, issues of hypothesis testing and hypothesis generation, and subgroup analyses are discussed. Stopping rules and repeated testing in trials is covered. It explains how to calculate study power and the necessary size of the study. The chapter describes time to event analysis, including survival curves, product-limit and actuarial or life-table methods, and the calculation of confidence limits, relative survival ratios, the log rank test with control for confounding, and multivariate analysis.

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12

Ghosh, Shreeparna. Estimation of Infant and Child Mortality for Social Subgroups: A district level analysis using Census and RCH data. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011.

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13

Márquez-Peláez, Sergio, Juan Antonio Blasco-Amaro, and Mª José Aguado-Romeo. Incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation (an update). AETSA Área de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias de Andalucía, Fundación Progreso y salud. Consejería de Salud y Familias. Junta de Andalucía, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52766/kpnf6027.

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Background This report responds to a need to update the available information about incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) previously published in 2014 which, based on 14 case series and 1 cohort study, concluded that this type of transplants could be a therapeutic option with survival, graft and patient outcomes, adequate and similar to a compatible living-donor kidney transplant, however, these report only included ABO-incompatible information. Objective The purpose of the report is to provide updated evidence on effectiveness and safety in terms of graft survival and survival of patients undergoing incompatible LDKT. Method To answer the question a systematic review of the literature was carried out, by updating the structured searches of the previous existing report. The selection of the references was carried out first by title and abstract. Next, the full-text papers were selected by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, defined a priori, by a single researcher. In the same way, we proceeded to extract the data from the articles finally selected, and their synthesis in tables similar to those of the previous report, with special attention to the HLA incompatibility LDKT data, since no information was collected in the previous report. Results From 232 localized references, 35 papers on incompatible LDKT have finally been included, 16 with information on HLAi transplant patients and 19 with ABO incompatible transplant patients. In all cases, case series with or without a control group and a very limited number of patients were treated, only 1 study registered more than 1000 patients undergoing incompatible LDKT in 22 centers (Orandi et al. 2014) in the case of HLAi. The information on graft survival in patients undergoing HLA-incompatible LDKT at 1 year is between 90 % (Laftavi et al. 2011) and 100 % (Blumberg et al. 2013; Yamanaga et al. 2013), while the data recorded over five years survival were lower, from 69 % (Couzi et al. 2015) to 94.7 % (Jakson et al. 2015). The 1-year patient survival registered was found between 90.5 % by Sharif et al. 2014 and 100 % (Blumberg et al. 2013 and Laftavi et al. 2011). The 5-year patient survival recorded is in the range of 59.2 % (in one of the subgroups described by Orandi et al. ) when the other HLAi subgroup does offer similar figures to the rest of the studies, around 86 % survival and the 5-year value provided by Kim et al. which registered 95.8 %. In general, for LDKT with ABO incompatibility, the results of the previous review from 2012 are maintained, with a 1-year graft survival in ABOi-type living donor kidney transplants recorded in up to 8 of the 19 included studies and one 84 % minimum (Bachmann et al. 2018). For patient survival at 1 year, it is 100 % or very close in all the studies on ABOi and figures are high, but somewhat lower, for patient survival at five years (between 92 % of Melexopoulus et al. and 97.7 % from Subramanian et al.). Conclusions There is great variability in the information presented by the studies, so that it make difficult to group together. The quality of the evidence is very limited, as these are case series studies with a high risk of bias, many without a control group, and others with comparative cohort results (historical retrospectives). However, the results shown are consistent and the claims of the previous 2012 report are maintained. Graft survival and patient survival for patients undergoing HLA-incompatible LDKT are high and comparable to values offered by ABOi transplants and ABO compatible transplants. In the studies on LDKT with ABOi data, the results collected on both survival variables maintain the statements of the previous report, remaining at high values. A single localized study about economic efficiency aspects was carried out in the United States, the authors conclude that the LDKT can be an efficient option in terms of cost per QALY, although this conclusion is not directly transferable to our National Health System.

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14

Mun, Eun-Young, and Anne E. Ray. Integrative Data Analysis from a Unifying Research Synthesis Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0020.

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Integrative data analysis (IDA) is a promising new approach in psychological research and has been well received in the field of alcohol research. This chapter provides a larger unifying research synthesis framework for IDA. Major advantages of IDA of individual participant-level data include better and more flexible ways to examine subgroups, model complex relationships, deal with methodological and clinical heterogeneity, and examine infrequently occurring behaviors. However, between-study heterogeneity in measures, designs, and samples and systematic study-level missing data are significant barriers to IDA and, more broadly, to large-scale research synthesis. Based on the authors’ experience working on the Project INTEGRATE data set, which combined individual participant-level data from 24 independent college brief alcohol intervention studies, it is also recognized that IDA investigations require a wide range of expertise and considerable resources and that some minimum standards for reporting IDA studies may be needed to improve transparency and quality of evidence.

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15

National Center for Health Statistics. Birth and Fertility Rates for States by Hispanic Origin Subgroups: United States, 1990 and 2000: Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce (Dhhs Publication). United States Department of Health and Human, 2006.

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16

Alhazzani, Waleed, and Deborah J. Cook. Stress ulcer prophylaxis and treatment drugs in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0041.

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Many changes have occurred over the last three decades in the field of stress ulcer gastrointestinal bleeding and its prevention. The topic is controversial, fuelled by disparate data, studies at risk of bias, and the impression that the problem is not as serious as it once was. Indeed, compared with over four decades ago when mucosal ulceration of the stomach causing serious bleeding was first described, a relatively small proportion of critically-ill patients now develop clinically important bleeding. Acid suppression is commonly prescribed for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP), targeting subgroups of patients at high risk in the intensive care unit (ICU), rather than universal prevention. The randomized clinical trials to date suggest a significant reduction in CIB with use of histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) compared with no SUP, with no impact on pneumonia, ICU mortality, or length of stay. However, these trials are of moderate quality. More recent RCTs suggest proton pump inhibitors compared with H2RAs may significantly reduce the risk of CIB without influencing the risk of pneumonia, ICU mortality, or length of stay. These trials are also of moderate quality. Today, the decision whether to use SUP, and which agent to use, is complex. Clinical considerations include local epidemiological data (for centres documenting these outcomes), and patient-specific risks of gastrointestinal bleeding and infection, indexed to case mix.

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17

Tretkoff, Paula. Existence of Ball Quotients Covering Line Arrangements. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691144771.003.0007.

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This chapter justifies the assumption that ball quotients covering line arrangements exist. It begins with the general case on the existence of finite covers by ball quotients of weighted configurations, focusing on log-canonical divisors and Euler numbers reflecting the weight data on divisors on the blow-up X of P2 at the singular points of a line arrangement. It then uses the Kähler-Einstein property to prove an inequality between Chern forms that, when integrated, gives the appropriate Miyaoka-Yau inequality. It also discusses orbifolds and b-spaces, weighted line arrangements, the problem of the existence of ball quotient finite coverings, log-terminal singularity and log-canonical singularity, and the proof of the main existence theorem for line arrangements. Finally, it considers the isotropy subgroups of the covering group.

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18

South, Mikle, John D. Herrington, and Sarah J. Paterson. Neuroimaging in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199744312.003.0003.

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This chapter reviews several major themes in the neuroimaging of ASDs to date (see summary of representative themes in Table 3.1), including substantial and essential contributions from the modular framework. The chapter begins, however, with a discussion of several challenges related to the diversity of ASDs in terms of factors such as age, level of functioning, and symptom presentation. Progress in the ability to identify more homogenous subgroups, based on targeted phenotypic measures, opens the door to link neuroimaging with genetics findings and also with treatment outcome data. This should lead to better understanding of both the causes of ASDs and the best approaches to intervention. The chapter is divided according to two broad, related themes related to social information processing and cognitive factors in ASDs. Within these themes, the chapter considers evidence from both structural and functional imaging studies as well as relatively newer approaches to connectivity, including diffusion tensor imaging. The primary focus of this chapter is on research utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Although several early neuroimaging studies utilized positron emission tomography scanning, these studies are rare now and are not addressed in depth. New techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy suggest tremendous promise for noninvasive imaging of expanded age groups and severity levels of ASDs; however, these studies are also few in number and are touched on only briefly.

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19

Suzuki, Kazuko, and Diego A. von Vacano. A Critical Analysis of Racial Categories in the Age of Genomics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465285.003.0001.

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This introduction discusses perspectives on race after the genomics revolution, which posed a serious question to those who had accepted the synthetic or nonnatural foundations of the idea and the phenomenon of race. Some argued that the new genomics data affirmed either the existence of biologically distinctive human subgroups or the need to use these new findings to address apparent health disparities along “racial” lines. Although some scholars have argued that we should discard the idea of race altogether, the fact remains that it is a widely used concept in social reality. Due to the tensions between biological, medical, and genetic understandings of race, there is no term that properly describes the distinction between a genetically rooted racial concept and a socioculturally rooted racial concept. A new concept, clusivity, is proposed here to make analytical distinctions for further explorations of “race” in the postgenomic age.

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20

Espiritu, Yen Le. Race and U.S. Panethnic Formation. Edited by Ronald H. Bayor. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766031.013.013.

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Panethnicity refers to the development of bridging organizations and the generalization of solidarity among subgroups that are racialized to be homogeneous by outsiders. This chapter argues that while the formation of a consolidated white identity in the United States is self-motivated and linked to white privilege, panethnicity for people of color is a product of racial categorization and bound up with power relations. As the influx of new immigrants transforms the demographic composition of existing groups such as Asian Americans and Latinos, group members face the challenge of bridging the class, ethnic, and generational chasms dividing the immigrants and the U.S.-born. In all, existing data confirm the plural and ambivalent nature of panethnicity: it is a highly contested terrain on which different groups merge and clash over terms of inclusion but also an effective site from which to forge alliances with other groups both within and across the U.S. borders.

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21

Tyndall, Alan, and Jacob M. van Laar. Stem cell therapies. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0085.

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Since the start of the international project in 1997, over 1500 patients have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), mostly autologous, as treatment for a severe autoimmune disease, with overall 85% 5-year survival and 43% progression-free survival. Around 30% of patients in all disease subgroups had a complete response, often durable despite full immune reconstitution. In many cases, e.g. systemic sclerosis, morphological improvement such as reduction of skin collagen and normalization of microvasculature was documented, beyond any predicted known effects of intense immunosuppression alone. It is hoped that the results of the three running large prospective randomized controlled trials will allow modification of the protocols to reduce the high transplant-related mortality which relates to regimen intensity, age of patient, and comorbidity. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been recently tested in various autoimmune diseases, exploiting their immune modulating properties and apparent low acute toxicity. MSC display immune privilege in that the patient requires no immunosuppression prior to allogeneic MSC infusion. Despite encouraging small phase I/II studies, no positive data from randomized prospective studies are as yet available in the peer-reviewed literature.

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22

Marziliano, Allison M., Wendy G. Lichtenthal, and Holly G. Prigerson. Diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806677.003.0012.

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This chapter provides a synthesis and up-to-date summary of studies on prolonged grief disorder (PGD)—an intense, persistent, and disabling response to loss experienced by a significant minority of bereaved individuals. Circumstances surrounding cause of death, relationship with the deceased, and predisposing characteristics of the bereaved individual increase the risk of PGD. PGD is associated with adverse health outcomes, and often is comorbid with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has proven effective in prevention and intervention efforts. Novel interventions have been adapted for subgroups of bereaved samples. New efforts to derive the clinical utility of PGD to create a common dialogue among professionals have been made. Although great strides have been made in developing clinically useful criteria for PGD, future research would benefit from extension to new cultural contexts, and further examination of the clinical utility of the PGD diagnosis.

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23

Camargo-Plazas, Pilar, Jennifer Waite, Michaela Sparringa, Martha Whitfield, and Lenora Duhn. Nobody listens, nobody wants to hear you: Access to healthcare/social services for women in Canada. Ludomedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.11.e554.

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In Canada, an unacceptable number of women live below the poverty threshold. Some subgroups of women, such as Indigenous, visible minorities, immigrants and refugees, older adults, and single mothers are more likely to live in poverty, as they face multiple systemic barriers preventing their financial stability. Further, socioeconomic status, employment, gender, and access to healthcare and social services negatively impact women’s well-being and health. Yet little is known about how these factors affect healthcare behaviours and experiences for women living on a low income. Our goal is to describe and understand how gender and income influence access to healthcare and social services for women living on a low income. Methods: Partnered with a not-for-profit organization, we explored the experiences of women living on a low income in Kingston, Canada. Using participatory, art-based research and hermeneutic phenomenological approaches, our data collection methods included photovoice, semi-structured interviews and culture circles. A purposive sample was recruited. Analysis was conducted following the social determinants of health framework by Loppie-Reading and Wien. Results: Participants perceived the healthcare and social services systems as unnecessarily complex, disrespectful, and dismissive–one where they are mere spectators without voice. They do not feel heard. They also identified problematic issues regarding living conditions, housing, and fresh food. Despite these experiences, participants are resilient and optimistic. Implications: Learning from participants has indicated priority issues and potential, pragmatic solutions to begin incremental improvements. Changing system design to enable self-selection of food items is one example. Conclusion: For an individual to feel others view them as unworthy of care, especially if those ‘others’ are the care providers, is ethically and morally distressing–and it certainly does not invite system-use. While our early findings reveal considerable system improvements are required, we are inspired by and can learn from the strength of the participants.

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24

Camargo-Plazas, Pilar, Jennifer Waite, Michaela Sparringa, Martha Whitfield, and Lenora Duhn. Nobody listens, nobody wants to hear you: Access to healthcare/social services for women in Canada. Ludomedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.11.2022.e554.

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In Canada, an unacceptable number of women live below the poverty threshold. Some subgroups of women, such as Indigenous, visible minorities, immigrants and refugees, older adults, and single mothers are more likely to live in poverty, as they face multiple systemic barriers preventing their financial stability. Further, socioeconomic status, employment, gender, and access to healthcare and social services negatively impact women’s well-being and health. Yet little is known about how these factors affect healthcare behaviours and experiences for women living on a low income. Our goal is to describe and understand how gender and income influence access to healthcare and social services for women living on a low income. Methods: Partnered with a not-for-profit organization, we explored the experiences of women living on a low income in Kingston, Canada. Using participatory, art-based research and hermeneutic phenomenological approaches, our data collection methods included photovoice, semi-structured interviews and culture circles. A purposive sample was recruited. Analysis was conducted following the social determinants of health framework by Loppie-Reading and Wien. Results: Participants perceived the healthcare and social services systems as unnecessarily complex, disrespectful, and dismissive–one where they are mere spectators without voice. They do not feel heard. They also identified problematic issues regarding living conditions, housing, and fresh food. Despite these experiences, participants are resilient and optimistic. Implications: Learning from participants has indicated priority issues and potential, pragmatic solutions to begin incremental improvements. Changing system design to enable self-selection of food items is one example. Conclusion: For an individual to feel others view them as unworthy of care, especially if those ‘others’ are the care providers, is ethically and morally distressing–and it certainly does not invite system-use. While our early findings reveal considerable system improvements are required, we are inspired by and can learn from the strength of the participants.

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Книги з теми "Data Subgroup"

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