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Статті в журналах з теми "Dasyuridae South Australia Lofty, Mount, Ranges"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Speight, Natasha, Daniel Colella, Wayne Boardman, David A. Taggart, Julie I. Haynes, and William G. Breed. "Seasonal variation in occurrence of oxalate nephrosis in South Australian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17038.

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Many koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, are affected by oxalate nephrosis, in which renal calcium oxalate deposition occurs. In other species, suboptimal water intake increases the risk of urinary calcium oxalate crystal formation. Koalas principally rely on eucalypt leaf moisture content to maintain hydration but the Mount Lofty Ranges region has hot, dry summers. This study investigates the association between temperature, rainfall and eucalypt leaf moisture and the occurrence of oxalate nephrosis in this population of koalas. Koalas from the Mount Lofty Ranges population that had died or were euthanased between 2008 and 2016 were necropsied and oxalate nephrosis was determined by histopathology (n=50). Leaf moisture content of Mount Lofty eucalypts was determined seasonally. It was found that increased numbers of koalas with oxalate nephrosis died in the months following high mean maximal temperature and in the months following low rainfall. Eucalypt leaf moisture content was not significantly associated with koala deaths. These findings suggest that hot and dry summer/autumn periods contribute to an increased incidence of koala deaths due to oxalate nephrosis. This is probably due to the effects of evaporative water loss and/or lack of access to supplementary drinking water at this time.

2

Paull, D. "The distribution of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) in South Australia." Wildlife Research 22, no. 5 (1995): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950585.

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This paper describes the South Australian distribution of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) on the basis of records of its past occurrence and field surveys undertaken to determine its present distribution. Since European settlement I. o. obesulus has been recorded from four separate regions of the state: the Mount Lofty Ranges, the South East, Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Subfossil remains show that I. o. obesulus also once occurred on Yorke Peninsula but there is no evidence that it has existed there in modem times. Field surveys conducted between 1986 and 1993 confirmed that I. o. obesulus still exists in the Mount Lofty Ranges, the South East and on Kangaroo Island. Its status on Eyre Peninsula is uncertain. Isoodon o. obesulus is vulnerable in the South East and Mount Lofty Ranges because of habitat fragmentation and predation by feral carnivores. The Kangaroo Island population is less threatened as large areas of habitat have been preserved and the fox (Vulpes vulpes) has not been introduced. The area of potential bandicoot habitat remaining in these three regions totals approximately 190 000 ha, most of which is already managed for nature conservation. This habitat is highly fragmented, occurring as small remnant patches of native vegetation separated by extensive tracts of cleared and modified land cover. The implications of this habitat configuration for the long-term survival of I. o. obesulus are discussed.

3

Speight, K. N., W. G. Breed, W. Boardman, D. A. Taggart, C. Leigh, B. Rich, and J. I. Haynes. "Leaf oxalate content of Eucalyptus spp. and its implications for koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with oxalate nephrosis." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 5 (2013): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13049.

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Oxalate nephrosis is a leading disease of the Mount Lofty Ranges koala population in South Australia, but the cause is unclear. In other herbivorous species, a common cause is high dietary oxalate; therefore this study aimed to determine the oxalate content of eucalypt leaves. Juvenile, semimature and mature leaves were collected during spring from eucalypt species eaten by koalas in the Mount Lofty Ranges and compared with those from Moggill, Queensland, where oxalate nephrosis has lower prevalence. Total oxalate was measured as oxalic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. The oxalate content of eucalypts was low (<1% dry weight), but occasional Mount Lofty leaf samples had oxalate levels of 4.68–7.51% dry weight. Mount Lofty eucalypts were found to be higher in oxalate than those from Queensland (P < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary oxalate in eucalypt leaves is unlikely to be the primary cause of oxalate nephrosis in the Mount Lofty koala population. However, occasional higher oxalate levels could cause oxalate nephrosis in individual koalas or worsen disease in those already affected. Further studies on the seasonal variation of eucalypt leaf oxalate are needed to determine its role in the pathogenesis of oxalate nephrosis in koalas.

4

Speight, KN, P. Hicks, C. Graham, W. Boardman, WG Breed, E. Manthorpe, O. Funnell, and L. Woolford. "Necropsy findings of koalas from the Mount Lofty Ranges population in South Australia." Australian Veterinary Journal 96, no. 5 (April 24, 2018): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12690.

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5

Szabo, Judit K., Peter A. Vesk, Peter W. J. Baxter, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Paying the extinction debt: woodland birds in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Emu - Austral Ornithology 111, no. 1 (March 2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu09114.

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6

Bourman, R. P., D. Banerjee, C. V. Murray-Wallace, S. Buckman, D. K. Panda, A. P. Belperio, and C. L. Jayawardena. "Luminescence dating of Quaternary alluvial successions, Sellicks Creek, South Mount Lofty Ranges, southern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 67, no. 5 (February 24, 2020): 627–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2020.1722967.

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7

Guan, Huade, Craig T. Simmons, and Andrew J. Love. "Orographic controls on rain water isotope distribution in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia." Journal of Hydrology 374, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.018.

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8

Taylor, G. S. "THE GALL FORMING PSYLLOIDEA OF EUCALYPTUS OBLIQUA IN THE MOUNT LOFTY RANGES OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA." Australian Journal of Entomology 26, no. 3 (August 1987): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1987.tb00290.x.

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9

Mogoutnov, Alena, and Jackie Venning. "Remnant tree decline in agricultural regions of South Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 4 (2014): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140366.

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Agricultural landscapes in southern Australia were once dominated by temperate eucalypt woodlands of which only fragmented patches and scattered trees in paddocks remain. This study focuses on the decline of scattered trees in the Mount Lofty Ranges and South East agricultural regions of South Australia. A combination of digitized aerial photography and satellite imagery was used to extend a previous assessment of decline undertaken in the early 1980s and increase the period over which decline was assessed to 58–72 years. A total of 17 049 scattered trees were counted from the earliest time period assessed over 11 sites of which 6 185 trees were lost by 2008 — a 36 % decline. Recruitment of 2 179 trees during this period was evident. Imagery indicates that clearing for agricultural intensification is the primary cause of the decline. A range of management options and policy settings are required to reverse the decline notwithstanding the challenges of implementation at a landscape scale across privately owned land.

10

Rajabi, Mojtaba, Mark Tingay, Oliver Heidbach, David Belton, Natalie Balfour, and Betina Bendall. "New constraints on the neotectonic stress pattern of the Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Exploration Geophysics 49, no. 1 (February 2018): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg16076.

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11

Rajabi, Mojtaba, Mark Tingay, Oliver Heidbach, David Belton, Natalie Balfour, and Betina Bendall. "New constraints on the neotectonic stress pattern of the Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Exploration Geophysics 49, no. 1 (February 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg16076_co.

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12

Westphal, Michael I., Scott A. Field, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Optimizing landscape configuration: A case study of woodland birds in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Landscape and Urban Planning 81, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.015.

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13

Anderson, Thomas A., Erick A. Bestland, Ilka Wallis, and Huade D. Guan. "Salinity balance and historical flushing quantified in a high-rainfall catchment (Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia)." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 1229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-01916-7.

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14

Yu, B., and CJ Rosewell. "Rainfall erosivity estimation using daily rainfall amounts for South Australia." Soil Research 34, no. 5 (1996): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960721.

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The rainfall erosivity model relating storm erosivity to daily rainfall amounts was tested for 4 sites in South Australia where seasonal rainfall erosivity is generally out of phase with seasonal rainfall because of the predominant winter rainfall. The model worked reasonably well, with the coefficient of efficiency varying from 0.54 to 0.77, and the average discrepancy between actual and estimated monthly distribution was no more than 3%. The model performance in the winter rainfall area is similar to that in the uniform and summer rainfall areas. A set of regional parameter values estimated using a combined dataset is recommended for other sites in the agricultural and viticultural areas of South Australia where the mean annual rainfall ranges from 300 to 500 mm. The R-factor and its seasonal distribution were estimated for 99 sites in South Australia using long-term daily rainfall data. The R-factor varies mostly between 250 and 500 MJ . mm/(ha . h . year). Rainfall erosivity peaks in winter in the southern part of the western agricultural area and the south-east corner of the State, while it peaks in summer in the inland area east of the South Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges.

15

Lubiniecki, D. C., R. C. King, S. P. Holford, M. A. Bunch, S. B. Hore, and S. M. Hill. "Cenozoic structural evolution of the Mount Lofty Ranges and Flinders Ranges, South Australia, constrained by analysis of deformation bands." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 67, no. 8 (February 9, 2020): 1097–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2019.1695227.

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16

Merry, RH, KG Tiller, and AF Richards. "Variability in characteristics of some acidic pasture soils in South Australia and implications for lime application." Soil Research 28, no. 1 (1990): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900027.

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The variability of soil pH (0.01 M CaCI2), aluminium and manganese (extractable in 0.01 M CaCl2), total carbon and some soil morphological factors have been investigated in the surface and subsoil at seven pasture sites in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island, South Australia. The coefficients of variation of the factors measured were found to be of a similar order, except for soil pH which, being a logarithmic transformation, is much lower. Relationships between pH and soil aluminium, manganese and carbon are used to predict the effects of further acidification, especially with respect to the development of increased extractable aluminium, and to assess the likelihood of problems in selecting appropriate rates of lime application.

17

Twidale, C. Rowland. "Paul S. Hossfeld and His Contribution to Geomorphology." Historical Records of Australian Science 23, no. 2 (2012): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12006.

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The received wisdom was and is that landscapes cannot be more than a few millions of years old. Nevertheless, consideration of local geology and age of sediments in adjacent basins convinced Paul S. Hossfeld that the summit surface of low relief preserved on the northern Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia resulted from long-continued planation and that it is of Cretaceous age; that is, some 70 million years old. Hossfeld's apparently intuitive suggestion that very old landscapes exist, recorded in his graduate thesis but not further pursued by him, is the earliest known statement of this idea.

18

Funnell, Oliver, Lynley Johnson, Lucy Woolford, Wayne Boardman, Adam Polkinghorne, and David McLelland. "Conjunctivitis Associated with Chlamydia pecorum in Three Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49, no. 4 (October 2013): 1066–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-066.

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19

Buckman, Solomon, Katherine C. Brownlie, Robert P. Bourman, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, Rowena H. Morris, Terry J. Lachlan, Richard G. Roberts, Lee J. Arnold, and John H. Cann. "Holocene palaeofire records in a high-level, proximal valley-fill (Wilson Bog), Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Holocene 19, no. 7 (October 23, 2009): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683609340998.

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20

Varcoe, Jon, John A. van Leeuwen, David J. Chittleborough, James W. Cox, Ronald J. Smernik, and Anna Heitz. "Changes in water quality following gypsum application to catchment soils of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Organic Geochemistry 41, no. 2 (February 2010): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.09.010.

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21

Richards, Jenny, John Tibby, Cameron Barr, and Peter Goonan. "Effect of substrate type on diatom-based water quality assessments in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Hydrobiologia 847, no. 14 (June 1, 2020): 3077–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04316-9.

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22

VÖRÖS, JUDIT, SKYE WASSENS, LUKE PRICE, DAVID HUNTER, STEVEN MYERS, KYLE ARMSTRONG, MICHAEL J. MAHONY, and STEPHEN DONNELLAN. "Molecular systematic analysis demonstrates that the threatened southern bell frog, Litoria raniformis (Anura: Pelodryadidae) of eastern Australia, comprises two sub-species." Zootaxa 5228, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5228.1.1.

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In south-eastern Australia, the pelodryadid Litoria aurea Group (sensu Tyler & Davies 1978) comprises three species: Litoria aurea (Lesson, 1829), Litoria raniformis (Keferstein, 1867), and Litoria castanea (Steindachner, 1867). All three species have been subject to declines over recent decades and taxonomic uncertainty persists among populations on the tablelands in New South Wales. We address the systematics of the Group by analysing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to assess divergence in the Litoria raniformis from across its current range in New South Wales (NSW), Victoria, South Australia (SA) and Tasmania. We also included samples of Litoria castanea from a recently rediscovered population in the southern tablelands of NSW. Our phylogenetic and population genetic analyses show that Litoria raniformis comprises northern and southern lineages, showing deep mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence (7% net average sequence divergence) and can be diagnosed by fixed allelic differences at more than 4,000 SNP loci. Samples of the northern lineage were collected from the Murray-Darling Basin while those of the southern lineage were collected from south-eastern South Australia, southern and south-eastern Victoria and Tasmania. Analysis of the morphology and bioacoustics did not unequivocally delineate the two lineages. The presence of a hybrid backcross individual in western Victoria at the northern margin of the southern lineage, leads us to assign sub-species status to the two lineages, L. r. raniformis for the northern lineage and L. r. major for the southern lineage. Our data do not unequivocally resolve the taxonomic status of L. castanea which will require molecular genetic analyses of museum vouchers from those parts of the range where L. castanea and L. raniformis are no longer extant. Our data also suggest that human mediated movement of frogs may have occurred over the past 50 years. Our genotyping of vouchers collected in the 1970s from the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia detected mitochondrial haplotypes of both sub-species and SNP analysis showed that a single Tasmanian specimen was a backcross with L. r. raniformis ancestry. Movement of L. r. raniformis into Tasmania and both sub-species into the Mount Lofty Ranges are not likely due to passive movements of animals through agricultural commerce, but due to the attractiveness of the species as pets and subsequent escapes or releases, potentially of the larval life stage.

23

Li, You, Melanie L. Lancaster, Susan M. Carthew, Jasmin G. Packer, and Steven J. B. Cooper. "Delineation of conservation units in an endangered marsupial, the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus), in South Australia/western Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 5 (2014): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14038.

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Conservation programs for threatened species are greatly benefiting from genetic data, for their power in providing knowledge of dispersal/gene flow across fragmented landscapes and for identifying populations of high conservation value. The endangered southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) has a disjunct distribution range in South Australia, raising the possibility that populations of the subspecies may represent distinct conservation units. In the current study, we used a combination of 14 microsatellite and two mitochondrial sequence markers to investigate the phylogeography and population structure of I. o. obesulus in South Australia and south-western Victoria, with the aim of identifying any potential evolutionarily significant units and management units relevant to conservation management. Our phylogenetic/population analyses supported the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages of I. o. obesulus. The first lineage comprised individuals from the Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. A second lineage comprised individuals from the south-east of South Australia and south-western Victoria. We propose that these two lineages represent distinct evolutionarily significant units and should be managed separately for conservation purposes. The findings also raise significant issues for the national conservation status of I. o. obesulus and suggest that the current subspecies classification needs further investigation.

24

Cartwright, I. "Changes in Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Metasediments During Regional-Metamorphic Crustal-Scale Fluid Flow, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 1 (1994): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.83.

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25

Ward, Matthew J. "Patterns of box mistletoe Amyema miquelii infection and pink gum Eucalyptus fasciculosa condition in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 213, no. 1-3 (July 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.011.

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26

BOURMAN, ROBERT P. "Deep Regolith Weathering on the Summit Surface of the Southern Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia: a Contribution to the ?Laterite? Debate." Geographical Research 45, no. 3 (September 2007): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00461.x.

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27

Naidu, R., DR Williamson, RW Fitzpatrick, and IO Hollingsworth. "Effect of landuse on the composition of throughflow water immediately above clayey B horizons in the Warren Catchment, South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (1993): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930239.

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The effect of landuse on composition of throughflow water immediately above the clayey B horizons in duplex soils (mostly natric and/or sodic) in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, was investigated using simple lysimeters. During July-November 1991, the pH of the first flow immediately after rainstorm under pines, native woodland, and pasture, respectively, was 5.7, 6.0, and 6.4. At each of the sites, average pH over 4 months during July-November was 5.8-5.9. Both the electrical conductivity (EC) and the amounts of total dissolved solids (TDS) were 2-3 times higher under pine than at other sites. The rate of change in EC with respect to TDS varied considerably among the sites, possibly due to the large differences in the concentration of dissolved organic compounds. Although the pH of water was >5.5, both aluminium and iron were recorded, especially under pine, where there were also high levels of dissolved organic compounds. High levels of suspended colloidal matter were recorded in the water flowing under pine, and these levels were related to dissolved organic carbon.

28

Butcher, RG, LM Pettett, J. Fabijan, E. Ebrahimie, M. Mohammadi‐Dehcheshmeh, KN Speight, WSJ Boardman, PS Bird, and DJ Trott. "Periodontal disease in free‐ranging koalas ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) from the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, and its association with koala retrovirus infection." Australian Veterinary Journal 98, no. 5 (January 23, 2020): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12919.

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29

Thoma, K. "A study of tillage systems for vegetable production and their effect on downstream water quality in the mount lofty ranges, South Australia." Environmental Technology 12, no. 12 (December 1991): 1157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339109385116.

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30

Dymoke, Peter, and Michael Sandiford. "Phase relationships in Buchan facies series pelitic assemblages: calculations with application to andalusite-staurolite parageneses in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 110, no. 1 (March 1992): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00310886.

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31

Fritsch, E., and RW Fitzpatrick. "Colour plates - Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes .1. A new method for constructing conceptual soil-water-landscape models." Soil Research 32, no. 5 (1994): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940880.

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A pedo-hydrological method which involves interpreting features in soils that result from both ancient and modern processes along toposequences in a subcatchment of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is used to construct conceptual soil-water-landscape models. This method links soil-landscape features to soil-water processes with strong emphasis on: (i) soil water-flow systems and (ii) soil-forming and soil-change processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interactions between soil processes acting in soil water-flow systems. This model is able to predict future modes of soil-landscape evolution under changing environmental conditions. As well, it may be used by land and water supply managers to develop more efficient management strategies under conditions of increasing land degradation (e.g. erosion and water pollution). A typical Palexeralf-Natraqualf hydro-toposequence of soils (i.e. catena consisting of red-yellow-grey duplex soils) is used as an example to illustrate this new approach. The landscape selected is undergoing severe soil degradation (i.e. waterlogging, dryland salinity, erosion and water pollution). The constructed conceptual soil-water-landscape model is the result of detailed pedo-hydrological investigations along toposequences in a representative subcatchment in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The model illustrates in graphic form interactions between three soil water-flow systems (freely drained red soil system, hydromorphic topsoil system, hydromorphic subsoil system) and eight soil processes (saprolitization, ferralitization, glaebulization, redoximorphism, eluviation/illuviation, salinization/solonization, sulfidization/sulfuricization and water erosion). The study demonstrates that this whole ecosystem has been placed into disequilibrium thereby developing severe land degradation problems as a result of rising saline sulfatic ground watertables and perched watertables due to land-clearing since European settlement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology framework and overall summary for other papers in a series dealing essentially with detailed field and laboratory investigations of individual soil-water processes.

32

Fritsch, E., and RW Fitzpatrick. "Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes .1. A new method for constructing conceptual soil-water-landscape models." Soil Research 32, no. 5 (1994): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940889.

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A pedo-hydrological method which involves interpreting features in soils that result from both ancient and modern processes along toposequences in a subcatchment of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is used to construct conceptual soil-water-landscape models. This method links soil-landscape features to soil-water processes with strong emphasis on: (i) soil water-flow systems and (ii) soil-forming and soil-change processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interactions between soil processes acting in soil water-flow systems. This model is able to predict future modes of soil-landscape evolution under changing environmental conditions. As well, it may be used by land and water supply managers to develop more efficient management strategies under conditions of increasing land degradation (e.g. erosion and water pollution). A typical Palexeralf-Natraqualf hydro-toposequence of soils (i.e. catena consisting of red-yellow-grey duplex soils) is used as an example to illustrate this new approach. The landscape selected is undergoing severe soil degradation (i.e. waterlogging, dryland salinity, erosion and water pollution). The constructed conceptual soil-water-landscape model is the result of detailed pedo-hydrological investigations along toposequences in a representative subcatchment in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The model illustrates in graphic form interactions between three soil water-flow systems (freely drained red soil system, hydromorphic topsoil system, hydromorphic subsoil system) and eight soil processes (saprolitization, ferralitization, glaebulization, redoximorphism, eluviation/illuviation, salinization/solonization, sulfidization/sulfuricization and water erosion). The study demonstrates that this whole ecosystem has been placed into disequilibrium thereby developing severe land degradation problems as a result of rising saline sulfatic ground watertables and perched watertables due to land-clearing since European settlement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology framework and overall summary for other papers in a series dealing essentially with detailed field and laboratory investigations of individual soil-water processes.

33

Stephenson, Tamsyn, Ken Lee, Joanna E. Griffith, David J. McLelland, Anthony Wilkes, Philip S. Bird, Darren J. Trott, K. Natasha Speight, Farhid Hemmatzadeh, and Lucy Woolford. "Pulmonary Actinomycosis in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Veterinary Pathology 58, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820973459.

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Pneumonia has been reported in both free-ranging and captive koalas and a number of causative agents have been described. Between 2016 and 2019, 16 free-ranging and 1 captive koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus) from the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia were identified with pyogranulomatous lobar pneumonia, which involved the left caudal lobe in 14/17 (82%) cases. Within lesions, numerous gram-positive or gram-variable, non-acid-fast filamentous bacteria were observed in association with Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Culture yielded growth of anaerobic bacteria, which were unidentifiable by MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) analysis in 5/5 cases. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene identified a novel Actinomyces species in 4 samples, confirming a diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis. Concurrent examination of resin lung casts from healthy koalas suggested greater laminar flow of air to the left caudal lung lobe in koalas. Actinomyces spp. have been reported as commensals of the oral microbiome in other species, and an association with similar pulmonary lesions in other species. Considering the predilection for involvement of the left caudal lung lobe, aspiration is suggested as the likely cause in some cases of pulmonary actinomycosis in koalas. Pulmonary actinomycosis has not been previously described in koalas and further work needs to be undertaken in order to classify this organism within the Actinomyces genus.

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Stephenson, Tamsyn, Natasha Speight, Wai Yee Low, Lucy Woolford, Rick Tearle, and Farhid Hemmatzadeh. "Molecular Diagnosis of Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Animals 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051477.

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Koala retrovirus, a recent discovery in Australian koalas, is endogenised in 100% of northern koalas but has lower prevalence in southern populations, with lower proviral and viral loads, and an undetermined level of endogenisation. KoRV has been associated with lymphoid neoplasia, e.g., lymphoma. Recent studies have revealed high complexity in southern koala retroviral infections, with a need to clarify what constitutes positive and negative cases. This study aimed to define KoRV infection status in Mount Lofty Ranges koalas in South Australia using RNA-seq and proviral analysis (n = 216). The basis for positivity of KoRV was deemed the presence of central regions of the KoRV genome (gag 2, pol, env 1, and env 2) and based on this, 41% (89/216) koalas were positive, 57% (124/216) negative, and 2% inconclusive. These genes showed higher expression in lymph node tissue from KoRV positive koalas with lymphoma compared with other KoRV positive koalas, which showed lower, fragmented expression. Terminal regions (LTRs, partial gag, and partial env) were present in SA koalas regardless of KoRV status, with almost all (99.5%, 215/216) koalas positive for gag 1 by proviral PCR. Further investigation is needed to understand the differences in KoRV infection in southern koala populations.

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Collard, Stuart, Andrew Fisher, Trevor Hobbs, and Craig Neumann. "Indicators of biodiversity and carbon storage in remnant and planted vegetation in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia: lessons for ‘biodiverse’ plantings." Ecological Management & Restoration 14, no. 2 (May 2013): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12039.

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Cartwright, Ian, Julie Vry, and Michael Sandiford. "Changes in stable isotope ratios of metapelites and marbles during regional metamorphism, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia: implications for crustal scale fluid flow." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 120, no. 3-4 (July 1995): 292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00306509.

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Cartwright, I., Julie Vry, and Michael Sandiford. "Changes in stable isotope ratios of metapelites and marbles during regional metamorphism, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia: implications for crustal scale fluid flow." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 120, no. 3-4 (July 31, 1995): 292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050076.

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Biddle, DL, DJ Chittleborough, and RW Fitzpatrick. "Field-based comparison of platinum and wax impregnated graphite redox electrodes." Soil Research 33, no. 3 (1995): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950415.

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An inert electrode was constructed using wax-impregnated graphite (WIG) as an alternative to Pt for permanent installation in the regolith. The performance of WIG electrodes has not previously been systematically evaluated by using data from field trials, although Pt and WIG measure similar Eh values in laboratory solutions. We compared the performance of the WIG electrode when installed adjacent to Pt redox electrodes in the A, B and C horizons of duplex soils in a X-eralf-Aqualf toposequence near Mount Crawford in the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Lower potentials, commonly in the order of 200 mV, were measured from WIG electrodes, relative to Pt electrodes. Measurements of potential from adjacently installed WIG and Pt electrodes did not show significant correlation. Generally oxidizing redox potentials were measured in all soils in which electrodes were installed due to below average rainfall during the sampling period. Further testing of WIG electrodes in reduced regolith is needed. Interpretation of Eh trends, measured using Pt electrodes, between the A, B and C horizon are presented.

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Mitchell, GJ, RJ Carter, and SR Chinner. "Studies on the control of water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides) in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950483.

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Water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides L.), a tuberous perennial herb, is currently known in South Australia from only a single locality in the Mount Lofty Ranges. There is little information on water-dropwort control, and 2 experiments were conducted to assess the effects of sowing pasture, with or without presowing herbicides, on the control of this weed. Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial clovers were successfully introduced into infested pastures by direct drilling in autumn. Water-dropwort regenerated from seed more densely in unsown plots than plots of established perennial pasture, suggesting that upgrading pastures may be a strategy to reduce the rate of spread by seed of this weed. A range of herbicide treatments applied to waterdropwort at the stem elongation stage in spring before autumn sowing of pastures provided effective shortterm control. The best short-term control was provided by glyphosate at 1440 g a.i./ha; metsulfuron methyl at 6, 12, and 36 g a.i./ha; and metsulfuron methyl at 12 g a.i./ha tank-mixed with glyphosate or 2,4-D amine at 720 or 1000 g a.i./ha, respectively. These treatments, and chlorsulfuron at 21 g a.i./ha, also significantly (P<0.05) reduced water-dropwort abundance (relative to untreated areas) for up to 18 months after sowing and initially improved the density of sown pasture species, but these improvements were not evident 14 months after resowing. Although prior season herbicide treatments controlled water-dropwort in newly sown pastures, 2 separate applications of herbicides, in May and October, gave no better control of water-dropwort than a single herbicide application in spring. Water-dropwort infestations do not appear to prevent successful direct drilling of phalaris and perennial clovers. Although pasture renovation did not provide long-term suppression of water-dropwort, the maintenance of vigorous pastures may reduce the rate of population growth from seedlings of this weed. Recropping restrictions may limit the role of chlorsulfuron for water-dropwort control in pasture renovation situations.

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Faast, Renate, and José M. Facelli. "Grazing orchids: impact of florivory on two species of Caladenia (Orchidaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 4 (2009): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08140.

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Herbivory is considered a major threat in many of the orchid-species recovery plans in Australia. Kangaroos and rabbits are the most commonly implicated herbivores; however, no studies have attempted to confirm their role. Regular monitoring of several populations of Caladenia rigida R.S.Rogers and C. tentaculata Schldl. during 3 years in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, revealed that up to 94% of flowers and 36% of seed capsules were browsed, whereas leaf herbivory was less prevalent. Furthermore, patterns of herbivory varied markedly among sites and across years. In two seasons, predation of C. rigida flowers inside a kangaroo- and rabbit-proof exclosure was equal to or higher than outside the exclosure. Florivory within populations was influenced by proximity to the habitat edge, although the direction of this response differed among sites. Various types of mesh cages were erected around plants to elucidate the size and type of herbivores. Plants protected from florivores were almost three times more likely to produce seed than were exposed plants; however, some cage types reduced pollination. Video surveillance confirmed the role of the white-winged chough, Corcorax melanorhamphos, as a florivore. The present study is the first one to identify a herbivore unequivocally, quantify the intensity and extent of floral herbivory across a range of populations, and assess the potential cost of florivory to the direct reproductive output of orchids.

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Tarlinton, R. E., J. Fabijan, F. Hemmatzadeh, J. Meers, H. Owen, N. Sarker, J. M. Seddon, et al. "Transcriptomic and genomic variants between koala populations reveals underlying genetic components to disorders in a bottlenecked population." Conservation Genetics 22, no. 3 (February 20, 2021): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01340-7.

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AbstractHistorical hunting pressures on koalas in the southern part of their range in Australia have led to a marked genetic bottleneck when compared with their northern counterparts. There are a range of suspected genetic disorders such as testicular abnormalities, oxalate nephrosis and microcephaly reported at higher prevalence in these genetically restricted southern animals. This paper reports analysis of differential expression of genes from RNAseq of lymph nodes, SNPs present in genes and the fixation index (population differentiation due to genetic structure) of these SNPs from two populations, one in south east Queensland, representative of the northern genotype and one in the Mount Lofty Ranges South Australia, representative of the southern genotype. SNPs that differ between these two populations were significantly enriched in genes associated with brain diseases. Genes which were differentially expressed between the two populations included many associated with brain development or disease, and in addition a number associated with testicular development, including the androgen receptor. Finally, one of the 8 genes both differentially expressed and with a statistical difference in SNP frequency between populations was SLC26A6 (solute carrier family 26 member 6), an anion transporter that was upregulated in SA koalas and is associated with oxalate transport and calcium oxalate uroliths in humans. Together the differences in SNPs and gene expression described in this paper suggest an underlying genetic basis for several disorders commonly seen in southern Australian koalas, supporting the need for further research into the genetic basis of these conditions, and highlighting that genetic selection in managed populations may need to be considered in the future.

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BAKER, G. H., V. J. BARRETT, R. GREY-GARDNER, and J. C. BUCKERFIELD. "The life history and abundance of the introduced earthworms Aporrectodea trapezoides and A. caliginosa (Annelida: Lumbricidae) in pasture soils in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Austral Ecology 17, no. 2 (June 1992): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1992.tb00796.x.

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43

Guan, Huade, Xinping Zhang, Oleg Makhnin, and Zhian Sun. "Mapping Mean Monthly Temperatures over a Coastal Hilly Area Incorporating Terrain Aspect Effects." Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-014.1.

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Abstract Efforts in the past two decades on air temperature mapping based on sparse monitoring networks reveal that algorithms based on multiple linear regressions with geographical and topographical parameters perform promisingly. In this study, a multiple-regression model, previously for precipitation characterization using autosearched orographic and atmospheric effects (PCASOA), is applied to analyze spatial distribution of mean monthly daily maximum and minimum temperatures (at 33 stations) in Adelaide and the Mount Lofty Ranges (9000 km2), a coastal hilly area in South Australia. Terrain aspect (or slope orientation) is transformed and explicitly incorporated in the model, together with some other topographic variables. Overall, PCASOA captures 91% and 70% observed spatial variability for mean monthly maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature, respectively. The regression also infers some physical processes influencing the air temperature distribution. The results indicate horizontal gradients of Tmax in the east–west and north–south directions, which can be related to the effects of dominant wind directions in the study area. The effect of terrain ruggedness on Tmax is likely related to the blockage of sea breeze in the complex terrain. Cold air drainage potential only influences Tmin during winter months in the study area. Terrain slope and aspect significantly contribute to interpreting Tmin spatial distribution and can be related to their sheltering effect from the dominant cool inland winds. They also contribute to interpreting Tmax spatial distribution, while the physical mechanism is not clear.

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Fitzpatrick, R. W., J. W. Cox, B. Munday, and J. F. Bourne. "Development of soil-landscape and vegetation indicators for managing waterlogged and saline catchments." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 3 (2003): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00198.

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The objectives of this study were to develop a systematic approach to identify important soil morphological and vegetation field indicators to better target land management in degraded landscapes in a specific region. The authors were able to link the soil-landscape features to the main soil and water processes operating within the landscape. This information was used to develop a set of field indicators (e.g. soil colour) within a user-friendly soil classification key that is linked to land use options to form the basis of a manual. It was shown that information written in this format helped farmers and regional advisers to identify options for remediation of waterlogged and saline areas and to improve planning at property and catchment scales. The authors identified a series of steps to be taken in producing the manual. Steps 1–5 describe the soil layers and construct them in toposequences, which are then used to map soil types in key surrounding areas. Steps 6–9 involve the local community in developing the manual.The paper provides an account of how manuals have been produced for 2 badly degraded areas in southern Australia (Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia; and western Victoria) and promotes the methodologies for other regions. Descriptive soil information is pictorially integrated along toposequences and applied to identify key soil features. Complex scientific processes and terminology are more simply communicated to local groups using coloured cross-sectional diagrams and photographs of soil and vegetation to overcome some of the perceived barriers to adoption of best management practices. We consider the approach should have generic application.

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Guan, H., A. J. Love, C. T. Simmons, and A. S. Kayaalp. "Factors influencing chloride deposition in a coastal hilly area and application to chloride deposition mapping." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 5 (September 16, 2009): 5851–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-5851-2009.

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Abstract. Chloride is commonly used as an environmental tracer for studying water flow and solute transport in the environment. It is especially useful for estimating groundwater recharge based on the commonly used chloride mass balance (CMB) method. Strong spatial variability in chloride deposition in coastal areas is one difficulty encountered in appropriately applying the CMB approach. Furthermore, intensive vegetation clearance for agriculture, for example during the European settlement in many coastal areas of Australia, may have perturbed catchment chloride balance conditions for appropriate use in CMB applications. In order to deal with these issues, a high resolution chloride deposition map in the coastal region is needed. In this study, we examined geographic, orographic, and atmospheric factors influencing chloride deposition in the Mount Lofty Ranges (MLR), a coastal hilly area of approximately 9000 km2 spatial extent in South Australia, using partial correlation and regression analyses. The results indicate that coastal distance, and terrain aspect and slope are two most significant factors controlling chloride deposition. Coastal distance accounts for 65% spatial variability in chloride deposition, with terrain aspect and slope for 8%. The deposition gradient is about 0.08 gm-2 year-1 km-1 as one progresses inland. The results are incorporated into a published de-trended residual kriging approach (ASOADeK) to produce a 1 km×1 km resolution annual chloride deposition map and a bulk precipitation chloride concentration map. The average uncertainty of the deposition map is about 30% in the western MLR, and over 50% in the eastern MLR. The maps will form a very useful basis for examining catchment chloride balances for use in the CMB application in the study area.

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Abiodun, Olanrewaju O., Huade Guan, Vincent E. A. Post, and Okke Batelaan. "Comparison of MODIS and SWAT evapotranspiration over a complex terrain at different spatial scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 5 (May 8, 2018): 2775–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2775-2018.

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Abstract. In most hydrological systems, evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation are the largest components of the water balance, which are difficult to estimate, particularly over complex terrain. In recent decades, the advent of remotely sensed data based ET algorithms and distributed hydrological models has provided improved spatially upscaled ET estimates. However, information on the performance of these methods at various spatial scales is limited. This study compares the ET from the MODIS remotely sensed ET dataset (MOD16) with the ET estimates from a SWAT hydrological model on graduated spatial scales for the complex terrain of the Sixth Creek Catchment of the Western Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. ET from both models was further compared with the coarser-resolution AWRA-L model at catchment scale. The SWAT model analyses are performed on daily timescales with a 6-year calibration period (2000–2005) and 7-year validation period (2007–2013). Differences in ET estimation between the SWAT and MOD16 methods of up to 31, 19, 15, 11 and 9 % were observed at respectively 1, 4, 9, 16 and 25 km2 spatial resolutions. Based on the results of the study, a spatial scale of confidence of 4 km2 for catchment-scale evapotranspiration is suggested in complex terrain. Land cover differences, HRU parameterisation in AWRA-L and catchment-scale averaging of input climate data in the SWAT semi-distributed model were identified as the principal sources of weaker correlations at higher spatial resolution.

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Guan, H., A. J. Love, C. T. Simmons, O. Makhnin, and A. S. Kayaalp. "Factors influencing chloride deposition in a coastal hilly area and application to chloride deposition mapping." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 5 (May 26, 2010): 801–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-801-2010.

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Abstract. Chloride is commonly used as an environmental tracer for studying water flow and solute transport in the environment. It is especially useful for estimating groundwater recharge based on the commonly used chloride mass balance (CMB) method. Strong spatial variability in chloride deposition in coastal areas is one difficulty encountered in appropriately applying the method. A high-resolution bulk chloride deposition map in the coastal region is thus needed. The aim of this study is to construct a chloride deposition map in the Mount Lofty Ranges (MLR), a coastal hilly area of approximately 9000 km2 spatial extent in South Australia. We examined geographic (related to coastal distance), orographic, and atmospheric factors that may influence chloride deposition, using partial correlation and regression analyses. The results indicate that coastal distance, elevation, as well as terrain aspect and slope, appear to be significant factors controlling chloride deposition in the study area. Coastal distance accounts for 70% of spatial variability in bulk chloride deposition, with elevation, terrain aspect and slope an additional 15%. The results are incorporated into a de-trended residual kriging model (ASOADeK) to produce a 1 km×1 km resolution bulk chloride deposition and concentration maps. The average uncertainty of the deposition map is about 20–30% in the western MLR, and 40–50% in the eastern MLR. The maps will form a useful basis for examining catchment chloride balance for the CMB application in the study area.

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Granger, AR, and DRC Traeger. "Effect of different rates and timing of soil applications of paclobutrazol on the growth of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (1993): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930207.

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The response of sweet cherry trees (butt circumference, canopy volume, yield) to different rates of the growth-inhibiting chemical paclobutrazol applied at various times during each year was studied on red podsolic soils in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia Two experiments were conducted: one used a regression design with 16 rates of paclobutrazol; the other was a randomised block experiment with paclobutrazol treatments applied in spring, autumn, or half in autumn and half in spring. Butt circumference growth of the variety Sam grafted on Mahaleb rootstocks tended to reduce with inceased rates of paclobutrazol in the first year of application. The lowest rate of paclobutrazol to reduce butt growth sigdicantly below that of control trees was 1.2 g a.i./tree. Canopy growth showed a delayed response in measurable growth inhibition in the season after treatment; however, no significant differences were measured for rate of canopy growth in any year for any treatment in the regression experiment. Despite this, final canopy volumes of trees treated with 1.6 g paclobutrazol in spring were half those of control canopies. Variability in butt growth response to the range of rates applied was attributed largely to localised differences in soil properties which influenced paclobutrazol movement and uptake. This variability was gradually reduced over the 3-year period with continued paclobutrazol applications. In 1987, crop level ratings made before harvest showed significantly higher levels of fruit on trees treated with 1.6 g paclobutrazol in spring, indicating that fruit numbers could be increased by applications of paclobutrazol.

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Maier, NA, GE Barth, JS Cecil, WL Chvyl, and MN Bartetzko. "Effect of sampling time and leaf position on leaf nutrient composition of Protea 'Pink Ice'." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 2 (1995): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950275.

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Seasonal fluctuations in the concentrations of 12 nutrients were assessed over 3 years for Protea 'Pink Ice' in 3 plantings in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia. Nutrient concentrations in youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) generally showed strong seasonal trends, reflecting seasonal vegetative and flowering patterns. During May-August and December-February, YFEL concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) were relatively stable, making these suitable times for sampling. The effects of sampling error and leaf position were also determined. The error associated with our sampling procedure was within acceptable limits (coefficients of variation 45%) for N, P, K, Ca, magnesium (Mg), Na, S, and boron (B). Differences in nutrient composition between YFEL and YFEL - 1, YFEL - 2, YFEL + 1, YFEL + 2, and YFEL + 3 were of little practical significance. Nutrient removal by flowering stems and concentrations of nutrients in different fractions (bloom, stem + leaves, axillary shoots) of flowering stems were determined for each site. Nutrient concentrations in flowering stems were generally lower than in leaves. Nitrogen concentrations in axillary shoots and K concentrations in blooms were significantly higher than in other fractions. For preferred sampling times, seasonal trends showed that concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Na, S, Cu, and Fe were fairly stable over May-August. Similarly, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, S, Zn, and Mn were relatively stable during December-February, after completion of the spring vegetative flush.

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Bresciani, Etienne, Roger H. Cranswick, Eddie W. Banks, Jordi Batlle-Aguilar, Peter G. Cook, and Okke Batelaan. "Using hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between mountain-front and mountain-block recharge to basin aquifers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 1629–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1629-2018.

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Abstract. Numerous basin aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world derive a significant portion of their recharge from adjacent mountains. Such recharge can effectively occur through either stream infiltration in the mountain-front zone (mountain-front recharge, MFR) or subsurface flow from the mountain (mountain-block recharge, MBR). While a thorough understanding of recharge mechanisms is critical for conceptualizing and managing groundwater systems, distinguishing between MFR and MBR is difficult. We present an approach that uses hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity (EC) data to distinguish between MFR and MBR. These variables are inexpensive to measure, and may be readily available from hydrogeological databases in many cases. Hydraulic heads can provide information on groundwater flow directions and stream–aquifer interactions, while chloride concentrations and EC values can be used to distinguish between different water sources if these have a distinct signature. Such information can provide evidence for the occurrence or absence of MFR and MBR. This approach is tested through application to the Adelaide Plains basin, South Australia. The recharge mechanisms of this basin have long been debated, in part due to difficulties in understanding the hydraulic role of faults. Both hydraulic head and chloride (equivalently, EC) data consistently suggest that streams are gaining in the adjacent Mount Lofty Ranges and losing when entering the basin. Moreover, the data indicate that not only the Quaternary aquifers but also the deeper Tertiary aquifers are recharged through MFR and not MBR. It is expected that this finding will have a significant impact on the management of water resources in the region. This study demonstrates the relevance of using hydraulic head, chloride and EC data to distinguish between MFR and MBR.