Статті в журналах: "Darjeeling tea gardens"

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Mandal, Diptojyoti, Sharmistha Bhattacherjee, Asit Kumar Biswas, and Sampriti Samanta. "Determinants of malnutrition among the tea garden workers of Darjeeling district in 2021: an ordinal regression analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 2132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20231692.

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Background: Due to increasing lifestyle changes and poverty, double burden of malnutrition is becoming more and more severe, especially in the underserved areas like tea gardens. Food security is also a major issue not only in underdeveloped countries but also in developing countries like India. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among the tea garden workers and to find out the associated factors with malnutrition among the tea garden workers of Darjeeling district. Methods: 200 people were selected from 10 tea gardens of Darjeeling district by cluster sampling method. They were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to find out the associated factors with malnutrition. Weight and height was measured using standard measuring tools and then BMI was calculated. To find out the determinants of nutritional status, an ordinal regression analysis was done with the help of SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of under nutrition and obesity was 25% and 20.5% respectively. The ordinal regression model showed that the odds of higher BMI was found with increasing age, male gender, being a permanent garden employee and higher educational status. Household food insecurity increased the odds of undernutrition, as individuals from food secure households had significantly higher odds of getting higher BMI. Conclusions: Nutritional status is closely associated with socio-economic and demographical variables and household food security. To ensure the health and nutrition of the tea garden workers, a more comprehensive strategy to addressing socio-demographic issues and household food security is required.

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Ghosh, Chandra, Rajib Biswas, and A. P. Das. "Ethnic uses of some pteridophytic weeds of tea gardens in Darjeeling and Terai." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 1 (2008): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2008.v02i01.008.

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Pteridophytes occupy a recognisable position in the flora of Terai and the hills of Darjiling. They are also well represented as weed in the Tea Gardens of this area. Recent survey recorded the occurrence of 86 species of pteridophytes from nine such gardens covering both Terai and Darjiling Hills. Of these, 25 species (30%), covering 21 genera and 20 families, are used by the Tea Garden workers in different manner like (i) 10 species as food, (ii) 02 species for fermenting traditional liquor, (iii) 01 species as fodder and (iv) 22 species as medicine for human diseases. In addition, some of these plants are used for basketry, playing carom, ceremonial decoration, ornamentals etc.

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Sarkar, Satyajit, Anurag Chowdhury, Sanjay Das, Bhaskar Chakraborty, Palash Mandal, and Monoranjan Chowdhury*. "Major tea processing practices in India." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 11 (October 31, 2016): 5071. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.11.0015.

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Tea is the most popular beverage in the world and is the economical backbones of some countries like India, China, Kenya, Sri Lanka etc. Indian tea is very much popular among the world, specially Darjeeling tea which is famous for its flavour and taste. Among the various types of tea, orthodox tea is highly demandable for its quality. The present paper deals with various types of tea processing in India. Mainly three types of tea processing are practices in India. Among these, CTC tea processing is more common in Indian sub-continent followed by Green tea and Orthodox tea. In this paper, details manufacturing process and step wise pictorial viewed are presented. All the data are extracted from different world famous tea gardens of Darjeeling, terai and duars of Northern West Bengal.

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Chakraborty, Sumanta, Sharmistha Bhattacherjee, Abhijit Mukherjee, and Samir Dasgupta. "Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their association with ergonomic physical risk factors among women working in tea gardens of Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v11i1.35179.

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Introduction: Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) is common among tea-plucking folks and may be attributed to the long duration of work in same posture, the load they carry while plucking and transporting the leaves to the nearest depot, improper job rotations and the difficult hilly terrains. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal disorders among tea garden workers and to ascertain the risk factors for the same. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 female tea garden workers employed in tea gardens of Darjeeling district using 30 cluster sampling design. Data on musculoskeletal morbidities were collected using Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and ergonomic risk was assessed by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) worksheet. Results: Proportion of musculoskeletal disorders in past 12 months was 92.4% and in past 7 days was 71.4%. Upper extremities were the most commonly affected body part. Higher altitude, age, BMI, more duration in present job, history of work related injuries and increased REBA risk assessment score were found to be significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal morbidities among female tea garden workers of Darjeeling were found to be considerably high. Ergonomic mechanised assistance in tea plucking can reduce this proportion of MSD and thus may go a long way in reducing sickness absenteeism and increasing productivity. Financial support and sponsorship - Nil. Conflicts of interest - There are no conflicts of interest.

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CHETTRI, ABHISHEK, KISHOR SHARMA, SAILENDRA DEWAN, and BHOJ KUMAR ACHARYA. "Bird diversity of tea plantations in Darjeeling Hills, Eastern Himalaya, India." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 1066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190339.

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Chettri A, Sharma K, Dewan S, Acharya BK. 2018. Bird diversity of tea plantations in Darjeeling Hills, Eastern Himalaya,India. Biodiversitas 19: 1066-1073. The biodiversity wealth and conservation potential of agro-ecosystems including cash cropplantations is gaining significance in recent years. Agro-forestry provides ecosystem services similar to forest and, hence, support a highdiversity of flora and fauna. This study was undertaken to explore the bird community in different tea gardens of Kurseong Hill,Darjeeling, Eastern Himalaya, India. Darjeeling is globally known for its extent and magnificent tea production. We sampled birds usingpoint count methods along transects during August 2015-January 2016. A total of 581 individual birds comprising 48 species wererecorded during the study. Amongst the guild types, insectivorous birds were the most dominant both in terms of species andabundances. Depending on their habitat preferences most of the birds were forest generalists followed by forest specialists. This studyhighlights that tea plantations have a great potential in harbouring and conserving birds and other associated life forms. Thus, propermanagement of these landscapes would be an effective strategy to conserve biodiversity of the Himalayas.

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Subba, Dipika. "Gender Differences in Nutritional Status of Children in Tea Gardens of Darjeeling: Based on Conventional Indices and Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure." International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition 10, no. 3 (August 25, 2021): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2021.10.03.4.

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Objectives: The study aims to assess the nutritional status of children aged 1-5 years and its relationship with gender. Further, it also tries to assess the nutritional status of children using conventional indices and the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) and suggests the appropriate method to estimate undernutrition among children. Materials and Methods: The area selected for the study is the tea gardens of Darjeeling. The study is based on the primary survey, and a total of 400 children were included in the study. A Chi-square test is conducted to find out the differences in the nutritional status of children gender-wise. Results: The analysis indicated that the level of undernutrition in tea gardens of Darjeeling is very high (51%). The level of undernutrition estimated through conventional indices indicated that the level of stunting, wasting, and underweight are 43.8%, 20.2%, and 36.2%, respectively, whereas the composite index of anthropometric failure estimated more prevalence rate (51.2%). The analysis indicates that the conventional indices underestimate the prevalence of undernutrition. On the contrary, a composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) gives better estimates of undernutrition. Both the indices of nutrition in the study area indicated higher undernutrition among girl children than a boy. However, no significant differences in the nutritional status gender-wise exist. Conclusion: The result depicts the positive sign as it contradicts the general belief that a boy child is more nourished than a girl. However, half of the children in tea gardens of Darjeeling aged 1-5 years, irrespective of gender, are undernourished. The paper highlights the urgent need to work out nutritional strategies to improve child health in the study area.

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MISRA, TARUN KUMAR, ANIRUDDHA SAHA, ASHIS KUMAR NANDA, and PALASH MANDAL. "Effects of climatic factors on antioxidant quality of tea (Camellia sinensis) in North Bengal." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i7.83947.

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Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is one of the important contributors to the growing economy of NorthBengal. The phytochemical and therapeutic qualities of tea prominently altered recently due to continuous change in climatic conditions of North Bengal. The nutraceutical quality of tea is largely dependent on antioxidant attributes. For investigating the relationship between antioxidant attributes and climatic factors, the present field experiment was conducted in 18 tea gardens of Terai, Dooars and Darjeeling Hills of North Bengal during 2012–17. Antioxidant and phytochemical analysis was performed in three different harvest seasons, viz. March, June and December. Phenolic compounds including catechins were low during winter months, and then gradually increased up to warmer spring season. In stress condition, tea plants biosynthesized more flavonoids and high flavour index in Darjeeling hills. However, free-radical scavenging and metal chelating activities were found to increase from spring to winter season. The data were pooled for PCA analysis to determine the relationship between seasonal variations and tea antioxidant quality in each region of North Bengal separately. Different attributes of climatic factors significantly correlated with antioxidant quality and bioactive compounds. Variation in climate is reportedly affecting the antioxidant quality of tea and its shifting pattern grossly influences the key phytochemicals responsible for the flavour of tea.

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Bhattacherjee, Sharmistha, Saikat Datta, JyotiBikash Saha, and Manasi Chakraborty. "Maternal health care services utilization in tea gardens of Darjeeling, India." Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences 2, no. 2 (2013): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-960x.118645.

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Ghosh, Chandra, Dipanwita Debnath, and A. P. Das. "WILD EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES OF TEA GARDENS IN TERAI AND HILLS OF DARJEELING DISTRICT IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 831–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11162.

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Ghosh, Chandra, Priyanka Das, Arindam Poddar, and A. P. Das. "Phenology for the Weed Flora of the Tea Gardens in Terai and Hills of Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India." Indian Forester 148, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2022/v148i8/152034.

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Mukherjee, Abhijit, Papiya Roychowdhury, Sharmistha Bhattacherjee, PremDorjee Bhutia, Saikat Datta, and Samir Dasgupta. "Occupational ventilatory defects among workers employed in tea gardens, A cross-sectional study in siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling District, West Bengal." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 26, no. 2 (2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_91_21.

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Dasgupta, Pallabi, KunalSingh Sullar, and Kaushik Ishore. "Nutritional status and food environment of the elderly population residing in tea gardens of a block of Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India." Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics 19, no. 1 (2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jiag.jiag_67_22.

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Subba, Awashes. "Comparative study of Sport Achievement Motivation between Tea Garden and Non-Tea Garden Areas Football players (age 14-17) of Darjeeling Hills." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/159.

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Mondal, Rakesh, Sumantra Sarkar, Avijit Hazra, Indira Banerjee, Abhisek Saren, Goutam Mukherjee, and Mridula Chatterjee. "Clinico-Anthropometric Profile of Children from Darjeeling Tea Garden." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 81, no. 4 (September 5, 2013): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-1165-x.

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Rasaily, Rinju. "Sitting Ducks Post-COVID? Work Organisation and Compounded Health Risks for Darjeeling Tea Workers." Social Change 53, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857231203359.

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This article argues that burgeoning economic uncertainty, competitiveness of commodity production after COVID-19 and labour reforms may facilitate the industry to reorganise work arrangements through labour flexibilisation and mechanisation, accentuate health precarity, and nefariously push the disenfranchised Darjeeling tea labour further into oblivion. Workers’ access to basic healthcare services for illnesses and diseases such as fevers, diarrhoea, dysentery, anaemia, and hypertension pivots on the fragile lines of power and ethno-gender that are deeply embedded in plantation societies. Subsequently, social distancing as a preventive everyday measure during the pandemic appears to have reinforced both class and caste divide among these communities. The tangible absence of a robust health infrastructure in the Darjeeling hills exposes the undeniable shift in the responsibility of healthcare by the tea garden management on workers’ households and the samaj, as a social collective in managing illness and care.

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Ghorai, Narayan, Srimanta Raut, and Asit Bhattacharyya. "Behavioural ecology of a tea pest, Andraca bipunctata (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), in the Sub-Himalayan climate of Darjeeling (India)." Biological Letters 47, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10120-009-0023-z.

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Behavioural ecology of a tea pest,Andraca bipunctata(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), in the Sub-Himalayan climate of Darjeeling (India)The summer generation (G1) ofAndraca bipunctataWalker in Darjeeling was confined to May-December and the winter generation (G2) extended from August to June. One female laid on average 480 and 526 eggs in G1and G2, respectively. Larvae fed onCamellia sinensisandC. assamicaleaves. Duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4thand 5thinstars were 7, 7, 6, 6 and 6 days in G1, and 20, 20, 24, 72 and 33 days in G2, respectively. Temperature seems to greatly influence the duration of its life stages. A fungus (Paecilomyces tenuipesSamson), garden lizardCalotes versicolor(Daudin), and several bird species (Stachyris nigricepsBlyth,Spelaeornis caudatus(Blyth) andDendrocitta frontalisHorsefield) were found effective in reducing the population ofA. bipunctata.

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Chettri, Pramesh, and S. S. Mahapatra. "Financial Literacy among the Tea Garden Labourers in Darjeeling District: An Exploratory Factor Analysis." International Journal of Management Studies 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5i1(1)/14.

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Mandal, >D, >M Rai, >B Pradhan, >D Gurung, >S Sharma, >P Rai, and >T Mandal. "On a New Septate Gregarine from Coccinella septempunctata L. of a Tea Garden, Darjeeling." Archiv für Protistenkunde 131, no. 3-4 (January 1986): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9365(86)80051-3.

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Ghosh, Chandra, Suvojeet Mukherjee, Saini Sultana, Priyanka Das, Vivek Chettri, and Sukumar Debnath. "Studies on Air Borne Fungi of Tea Seed Orchard at Gaya Ganga Tea Estate of Darjeeling District, West Bengal." Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, no. 3 (January 5, 2024): 803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.3.11.

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Air borne microorganisms obtaining tremendous interest as they play a significant role in the plant, animal and human health. Studies on aerobiology can help to recognize the resources, take-off, passive deposition and impaction of these microorganisms on the plant life. So far, no work has been reported on the air spora of the seed orchards of tea garden. This work aimed to observe flowering period and the diversity of air mycoflora prevalent in six biclonal tea seed orchards (TS: 569, TS: 491, TS: 557, TS: 520, TS: 463 and TS: 462). A total five species were recorded. Penicillium sp is found to be dominant over the other recorded species. The maximum population of mycoflora (CFU 1580/M3) was recorded under TS: 569 and the lowest (CFU 180/M3) under TS: 463. Air mycoflora fluctuated under TS: 491, TS: 557, TS: 520 and TS: 462 and were CFU/M3 740, 540, 340 and 380 respectively.

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Chakraborty, Basundhara, Sharmistha Bhattacherjee, Kuntala Ray, and Abhijit Mukherjee. "Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Tribal Population of a Tea Estate in Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India." Journal of Comprehensive Health 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v05i02.005.

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Background: Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices play an instrumental role in the social and in turn the individual aspect of human life for promotion of good growth, health, behaviour and cognitive development of the child. Objectives: To find out the current Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and their correlates among tribal children aged 0-23 months residing in a tea garden of Darjeeling district, West Bengal. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken among 109 children aged 0-23 months belonging to tribal parents. The mothers of the selected children were interviewed at their home with the help of a pre-tested pre-designed schedule and information on socio-demographic profile, feeding history and feeding practices of the study children was collected. In addition, anthropometric measurements were also done. Results: Among the infants aged below 6 months, breastfeeding was found to be universal. Initiation of complementary feed in the form of semi-solid/solid food was done before and after 6 months in 9.5% and 90.5% respectively among children aged 6-23 months. 44 % of the study population was found to have age-appropriate feeding practices. Conclusion: Infant and young child feeding practices were found to be quite poor in the tribal children. Interventions are needed to improve the knowledge of the mothers regarding the same.

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Manna, Prabir Kumar, and Debidas Ghosh. "Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls and Adult Women of Tea Garden Areas of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri Districts of West Bengal." Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 1-2 (July 2014): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09751270.2014.11885226.

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Gangopadhay, Nilanjan, Debjani Sengupta, and Dipak Pal. "Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus & its Risk Factor: Community based Study amongst Workers of a Tea Garden in Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 7, no. 2 (2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2016.00057.7.

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Chaudhuri, Keya, JayGopal Ray, Sanjit Mukherjee, Basudev Mahato, and BH Sripathi Rao. "Comparative distribution of Lysyl Oxidase (G473A) and NQO1 (C609T) polymorphism among tea-garden workers (habitual chewers of betel quid) of Darjeeling district and Kolkata city of West Bengal." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 4, no. 4 (2013): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.123047.

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Jairu, Dristika, and Sankar Kumar Acharya. "Impact of Altitude on the Livelihood of the Tea Garden Workers of North Bengal." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, July 17, 2020, 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2020/v38i730373.

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A spectrum of variance has been observed in the dynamics of ecology, economy and sociology, while perceiving the difference in altitude of Himalayan terrains. Every level of elevation and slope, it has got its distinctive narratives and demeanor that shapes its economic progress and social interventions. The tea industry is sensitive to climate and geography, and with every drop in the elevation from the high-altitude Darjeeling district tea garden (2042 m) to the mid-elevation Kalimpong district tea gardens (1247 m) to the foothills of the Dooars tea garden (90 -1750 m), each has a distinctly unique story to unravel. The present study takes a look into the socio-ecological aspects along with climate change to observe the topographical terrains in the 3 distinctive altitudinal zones of Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Dooars, beyond its structural aspects thereby offering a cluster interpretation on its pattern of change in livelihoods by selecting the operating variables: Age, Family size, Formal education, Status of home, Nutritional status, Wage, Income, Per capita income, Diet, Mobile use, Interaction with office personnel, among other things, as variable of interest. It is observed that the wages, diet, status of home are the governing factors affecting the livelihood choices at most of the altitudinal zones. Therefore, the study shows the effect of these variables on each of the zones uniquely to understand the grave issues of the tea gardens concerning the livelihood of the garden workers.

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SAHA, SUMEDHA, ARINDAM GHOSH, SUKANYA ACHARYYA, and MALAY BHATTACHARYA. "Short Communication: Metabolites of Albizia inhibit in vitro growth of phosphate solubilizing microbial consortia isolated from tea garden soil of Darjeeling hills, India." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 23, no. 6 (June 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230612.

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Abstract. Saha S, Ghosh A, Acharyya S, Bhattacharya M. 2022. Short Communication: Metabolites of Albizia inhibit in vitro growth of phosphate solubilizing microbial consortia isolated from tea garden soil of Darjeeling hills, India. Biodiversitas 23: 2865-2870. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) play a crucial role in maintaining the nutritional status and fertility of the soil. PSMs help in solubilizing the metallic phosphate salts of soil into available phosphate anions for easy uptake by plants. However, this beneficial group of microorganisms also face different challenges for survival from its immediate surroundings. This study was carried out to assess the effect of shade tree litters on the PSM consortia isolated from different tea garden soils of Darjeeling hills, since shade trees are an integral part of tea plantations. Albizia odoratissima, Albizia chinensis and Albizia procera, widely used in tea gardens as shade trees were selected. GC-MS analysis was carried out to detect the metabolites produced by the litters. Twenty-three compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activities were detected. Major peak was found in A. odoratissima, followed by A. chinensisand least in A. procera. Compounds like 1-heptanol, 2-propyl-, neophytadiene, phytol and squalene were common in all three extracts and are considered to provided antimicrobial activity to Albizia. A proportional relation has been observed between magnitude of inhibition zones and peak area percentage in Albizia spp. PSM isolates from shade tree gardens were observed to be more tolerant toward the leaf extracts.

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Kala, Shashi, Alapan Bandyopadhyay, Sharmistha Bhattacherjee, Abhijit Mukherjee, and Samir Dasgupta. "Looking Beyond Knowledge and AccessibilityExploring Barriers and Facilitators for Cervical Cancer Screening Services among Tribal Women in Tea Gardens of Darjeeling, West Bengal." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2022/52280.16208.

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Introduction: Despite efforts to motivate all reproductive age women to avail cervical cancer screening services, many still do not utilise them. Most researchers have universally identified barriers like the lack of knowledge and lack of accessibility as the reason for not availing services. However, additional barriers also prevent women from making use of these screening services. Aim: To explore the barriers to and facilitating factors for cervical cancer screening beyond the lack of knowledge and accessibility of services. Materials and Methods: This qualitative research was conducted among tribal women residing in the Kiranchandra Tea Estate and Atal Tea Estate (two tea gardens in the rural Naxalbari Block) West Bengal, India, from July 2018 to February 2019. Women aged 30-59 years, living in the garden for at least the last 5 years, not suffering from obstetrics/gynaecological disease during last two years and willing to participate in the study were included, based on a purposive sampling method. Information Education Campaign (IEC) on cervical cancer and screening were undertaken and screening services arranged in the gardens on garden holidays for two consecutive weeks. Four (4) Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) in each garden were conducted, with each FGD consisting of 5 to 6 participants (N=49). Data obtained was recorded and logged with the participants’ permission and consent. A manifest content analysis was used to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators of cervical screening. Results: The major barriers identified were lack of support, burden of responsibility and the lack of felt need. The facilitators found most frequently were provision of information, social motivation, easy accessibility and affordability of screening services. Conclusion: This study revealed that there are various actual and perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening among tribal women in tea garden areas. Even after imparting knowledge and increasing availably and accessibility of a free program, familial support, burden of responsibility and lack of felt needs hinder increased uptake of the services.

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Deka, Bhabesh, Azariah Babu, Arulmarianathan John Peter, Kishor Chand Kumhar, Suman Sarkar, Hirakjyoti Rajbongshi, Pritam Dey, Emmanuel Leo Daniel Amalraj, and Venkateswara Rao Talluri. "Potential of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. in controlling live-wood eating termite, Microtermes obesi (Holmgren) (Blattodea: Termitidae) infesting tea crop." Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 31, no. 1 (October 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00477-4.

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Abstract Background In recent years, Microtermes obesi (Holmgren) (Blattodea: Termitidae) has been recorded as a major pest of tea crop, causes significant losses in production. Managing termite pests in tea crops through an integrated approach has been suggested, and the use of microbial biocontrol agent is one of the economical methods. The present study evaluated the pathogenic efficacy of an entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. (= M. anisopliae) against M. obesi damaging tea plants under field conditions. Results Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. was formulated as 5% aqueous suspension (AS). Large-scale field trials with formulated entomopathogen revealed that 1000 and 1200 ml concentrations of M. anisopliae s.l. 5%AS (each concentration containing 2 × 107 conidia/ml) each in 400 l of water/ha significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the population of M. obesi in tea gardens at Dooars and Darjeeling regions, India. In the field study, M. anisopliae s.l. was more effective than the standard insecticide and was non-pathogenic on the beneficial insects present in the tea gardens. In addition, M. anisopliae s.l. 5%AS had no phytotoxic effect on the tea leaves, with acceptable organoleptic attributes. Conclusion Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. isolate can be commercialized as an alternative natural termiticide to reduce the load of synthetic insecticides in the tea crop.

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Misra, Tarun Kumar, Aniruddha Saha, Ashis Kumar Nanda, Subhrajyoti Bagchi, and Palash Mandal. "Antioxidant attributes of tea in North Bengal, India: Relation with its principal constituents and properties of soil." Journal of Plantation Crops, September 30, 2022, 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2022.v50.i2.7979.

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This study was performed in 18 tea gardens in North Bengal, India, from 2012 to 2017. The data were pooled to investigate the relationship with soil physico-chemical properties, phyto-constituents, antioxidant attributes and age of the tea bushes and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA and dendro-hit maps were also performed with each region. The 28 principal components were chosen based on their eigen values, explaining the total data variance for tea in Dooars, Terai and Darjeeling hill. In almost all cases, composite soil physico-chemical attributes were heavily loaded on the second principal component and clustered, as visual evidenced by the dendro-hit map. Different attributes were significantly correlated each other in case of Terai i.e. (value of “r’’ at P<0.01 level) clay fraction (0.778), electrical conductivity (0.618), N (0.777), S (0.748), P (0.514 ppm), flavour index (0.918), total polyphenol (0.687) DPPH (0.794), nitric oxide (0.913), anti-lipid peroxidation (0.717) and metal chelating (0.665). In Dooars region, attributes were significantly correlated with silt (0.718), pH (0.875), P (0.615 ), chloride (0.858), TP (0.776), flavonol (0.923), quinone (0.666), tannins (0.865), DPPH (0.536), superoxide (0.576), ABTS (0.520) and MC (0.777) and in the case of Darjeeling hills, attributes were highly correlated with clay (0.812), sand (0.818), silt fraction (0.974), K (0.932), S (0.999), MC of soil (0.671), TP (0.853), tannins (0.912), DPPH (0.624), ABTS (0.661) and MC (0.633) repectively.

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Jairu, Dristika, S. K. Acharya, and Anwesha Mandal. "Changing Rainfall and Swinging Tea Production: The Correlates and Perception of Social Ecology of Tea Garden." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, December 5, 2020, 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1230283.

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Tea is the second most commonly consumed beverages, after water, across the globe. However, the quality and aroma of the produce largely depends on different climatic factors like temperature, rainfall, altitude etc. Even a slight alteration in these climatic factors, affects the quality and production adversely. Climate change, a global challenge, is a big threat to the tea industry as well as its workers. With degraded quality and swinging production due to changing rainfall and temperature, hundreds of tea gardens have been closed down in the past few decades, putting livelihood of thousands of tea workers to question. This paper attempts to find how the changing rainfall and swinging tea production varies with the profile characteristics of the tea workers. The study was conducted in the Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Dooars districts of West Bengal with 90 randomly selected tea workers from nine randomly selected tea gardens, three each belonging to three different altitudes. All the results has been analyzed using statistical tools of correlation coefficient, multiple and stepwise regression and path analysis. The results shows that treatment and mobility are two important variable explaining the variation in perception on change in rainfall and perception on tea production respectively. It has also been found that variables like income, treatment and garments have been reliable predictors for estimating the change in rainfall whereas the variable mobility exhibits a positive and significant relationship with perceived change in tea production. The regression analysis showed that treatment has explained 19.4 per cent of total variation in case of perceived change in rainfall and mobility has explained 16 per cent of total variance in case of perceived change in tea production.

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Deka, Bhabesh, Azariah Babu, Arulmarianathan John Peter, Abhay Kumar Pandey, Kishor Chand Kumhar, Suman Sarkar, Hirakjyoti Rajbongshi, Pritam Dey, Emmanuel Leo Daniel Amalraj, and Venkateswara Rao Talluri. "Beauveria bassiana: as a potential microbial biocontrol agent for tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Dooars and Darjeeling, India." Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 31, no. 1 (October 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00478-3.

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Abstract Background In the present study, the efficacy of two isolates of Beauveria bassiana namely, BKN20 and BKN1/14 was evaluated against the tea mosquito bug (TMB), Helopeltis theivora, Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) damaging harvestable shoots of tea plants in the Dooars and Darjeeling regions of West Bengal, India. Results Laboratory study revealed that, in both isolates, BKN20 was more pathogenic than BKN1/14, exhibiting 76% mortality of the test insect. The BKN20 isolate was formulated as an aqueous suspension (5%AS), and evaluated against TMB through micro-plot trials in tea plantations. The Micro-plot field study revealed a maximum of 72.19% reduction in the shoot damage due to TMB in plots sprayed with a 1000 ml/ha concentration of BKN20 5%AS containing 2 × 107 conidia/ml, as compared to the synthetic insecticide (Thiamethoxam 25%WG), where a 63.12% reduction in the shoots was recorded. Furthermore, different concentrations of the formulated BKN20 5%AS were evaluated against the test insect at 2 locations of tea gardens in the Dooars and Darjeeling regions. The results from both locations revealed that 1000 and 1200 ml/ha concentrations of BKN20 5%AS (each concentration containing 2 × 107 conidia/ml) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the TMB population and they were more effective than Thiamethoxam 25%WG (120 g/ha). However, non-significant differences in crop yields were recorded. The formulation BKN20 5%AS was found to be non-pathogenic to non-target insects, i.e. natural enemies present in the tea ecosystem. BKN20 5%AS had no phytotoxic effect on the tea leaves, with acceptable organoleptic attributes. Conclusion The BKN20 isolate could be commercialized as an alternative microbial insecticide to reduce the load of chemical insecticides in the tea ecosystem.

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Deka, Bhabesh, Azariah Babu, Arulmarianathan John Peter, Abhay Kumar Pandey, Kishor Chand Kumhar, Suman Sarkar, Hirakjyoti Rajbongshi, Pritam Dey, Emmanuel Leo Daniel Amalraj, and Venkateswara Rao Talluri. "Beauveria bassiana: as a potential microbial biocontrol agent for tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Dooars and Darjeeling, India." Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 31, no. 1 (October 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00478-3.

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Abstract Background In the present study, the efficacy of two isolates of Beauveria bassiana namely, BKN20 and BKN1/14 was evaluated against the tea mosquito bug (TMB), Helopeltis theivora, Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) damaging harvestable shoots of tea plants in the Dooars and Darjeeling regions of West Bengal, India. Results Laboratory study revealed that, in both isolates, BKN20 was more pathogenic than BKN1/14, exhibiting 76% mortality of the test insect. The BKN20 isolate was formulated as an aqueous suspension (5%AS), and evaluated against TMB through micro-plot trials in tea plantations. The Micro-plot field study revealed a maximum of 72.19% reduction in the shoot damage due to TMB in plots sprayed with a 1000 ml/ha concentration of BKN20 5%AS containing 2 × 107 conidia/ml, as compared to the synthetic insecticide (Thiamethoxam 25%WG), where a 63.12% reduction in the shoots was recorded. Furthermore, different concentrations of the formulated BKN20 5%AS were evaluated against the test insect at 2 locations of tea gardens in the Dooars and Darjeeling regions. The results from both locations revealed that 1000 and 1200 ml/ha concentrations of BKN20 5%AS (each concentration containing 2 × 107 conidia/ml) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the TMB population and they were more effective than Thiamethoxam 25%WG (120 g/ha). However, non-significant differences in crop yields were recorded. The formulation BKN20 5%AS was found to be non-pathogenic to non-target insects, i.e. natural enemies present in the tea ecosystem. BKN20 5%AS had no phytotoxic effect on the tea leaves, with acceptable organoleptic attributes. Conclusion The BKN20 isolate could be commercialized as an alternative microbial insecticide to reduce the load of chemical insecticides in the tea ecosystem.

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"Traditional healing and antimicrobial role of the herbal drug against UTIs by ethnic people of Darjeeling tea gardens, India." Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 23, no. 2 (February 21, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.56042/ijtk.v23i2.8726.

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Saha, Sumedha, Sukanya Acharyya, Sahadeb Sarkar, and Malay Bhattacharya. "Study of tolerance ability in phosphate solubilising microorganisms isolated from tea plantations soil of lower Darjeeling hills." Bulletin of the National Research Centre 45, no. 1 (June 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00564-4.

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Abstract Background Tea is an important plantation crop in India and world. Introduction of fertilisers and pesticides for better production polluted tea garden soils. Phosphates in agricultural soils are converted into soluble forms by phosphate solubilising microorganisms (PSMs). Consortium of PSM having high tolerance level is an attractive option for bioremediation of degraded tea plantation soils. This research initiative was to isolate PSM from tea plantation soil and detect their tolerance against pesticide, antibiotic and antifungal. Results Isolated consortia from organic and inorganic tea plantation soils of Darjeeling showing halo was considered for tolerance study. Phorate was most and Deltamethrin was the least tolerant pesticide for the isolated PSM consortia. So, Phorate may be considered as most used or most accumulated pesticide. Erythromycin was most and Ofloxacin was the least tolerant antibiotic while Fluconazole was most and Itraconazole was the least tolerant antifungal agent for the isolated PSM consortia. It was noted that there was no or partial inhibition of PSM growth by some pesticide, antibiotic and antifungal agents. In all the three tolerance studies it was observed that there is no relation between collection sites but in all the assays average inhibition zones were more in organic plantations than inorganic plantations. Conclusions Thus, it may be said that inorganic practice induces tolerance to microbes. So, other than cultural practice use of chemicals, micro-ecosystem and antibiosis exhibited by microbes do play a role in conferring tolerance.

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Ishore, Kaushik. "Morbidity Among Tribal Under-Five Children of Tea Garden Areas in a Block of Darjeeling District, West Bengal: A Cross-Sectional Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/14078.6300.

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