Дисертації з теми "Da peak"
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Favinha, Ana Carla Madeira. "Efeitos da aplicação de tape patelar na atividade muscular do quadricipete." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/10865.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Joseph dos. "Avaliação do débito máximo da tosse (peak cough flow) na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4865.
Повний текст джерелаWeaver, Robin Bryn. "The Neolithic of the Peak District : a Lefebvrian social geography approach to spatial analysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4632/.
Повний текст джерелаLima, Manoel Carlos Spiguel. "Padronização do teste de corrida atada em velocistas : análise da relação entre potência e desempenho em corrida /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87478.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Sergio Augusto Cunha
Banca: Pedro Balikian Junior
Resumo: Dentro do âmbito do treinamento competitivo evidencia-se a necessidade de criar e aperfeiçoar testes que possam ser aplicados no próprio ambiente de treinamento, priorizando a busca da especificidade na avaliação e de variáveis que possam melhor explicar as alterações do desempenho do atleta. Então, surge uma problemática ao avaliar a aptidão anaeróbia em velocistas em função das metodologias e dos protocolos propiciarem difícil aplicação e inespecificidade, principalmente por não possuírem nenhum teste com o movimento específico para esse grupo. Entretanto, destaca-se na literatura alguns testes laboratoriais utilizados para avaliação da aptidão anaeróbia de corredores, dentre os quais estão o Máximo Déficit de Oxigênio Acumulado (MAOD), o teste de Wingate (TW) e os testes de salto vertical (SV). Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi padronizar o teste de corrida atada (TCA) analisando a validade, reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade. O protótipo criado para o TCA proporciona a obtenção de valores de força e de velocidade durante o teste que, por sua vez, fornecerá parâmetros de potência pico do TCA (PPTCA), potência média do TCA (PMTCA) e do índice de fadiga do TCA (IFTCA). Para tanto, 10 velocistas do sexo masculino (22,0 l 2,8 anos; 68,1 l 8,9 kg; 1,76 l 0,09 m; 8,1 l 3,1 % Gordura) participaram do estudo. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica, teste incremental para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e do limiar anaeróbio (LAn), teste para determinação do MAOD, TW, dois TCA (teste e re-teste) e um esforço máximo na distância de 300 metros (D300m). Através de coletas sangüíneas retirada do lóbulo da orelha após os testes de TW, TCA e D300m, foram determinadas as concentrações pico de lactato sangüíneo ([Lac]p) para cada um dos testes, respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the competitive training area, it is observed the necessity to create and improve tests that could be applied in its own training environment, prioritizing the search of the specificity in the evaluation and the variables that can explain the changes of the athletes performance better. So, we find a problem concerning the anaerobic fitness evaluation in sprinters due to the methodologies and the protocols, mainly because there are no tests with the specific movement for this particular group. However, it is possible to mention some laboratorial tests that are used to verify the anaerobic fitness performance of the runners, which are, the maximal deficit oxygen accumulated (MAOD), the Wingate test (TW) and the tests of vertical jump (VJ). Thereby, the aim of this study is to standardize the tied running test (TRT), analyzing the validity, reproducibility and reliability. The TRT prototype provides the instantaneous strength and speed values during the test that give peak power (PPTRT), mean power (PMTRT) and fatigue index (FITRT) parameters. Therefore, ten male runners (22.0l2.8 years old, 68.1l8.9 kg, 1.76l0.09 m; 8.1l3.1 % Fat) participated in this study. All the subjects were submitted into the anthropometric assessment, incremental test to determination the maximal consume of oxygen (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT), the MAOD determination test, the TW, the two TRT (test and re-test) and maximum effort in 300 meters of distance (D300m). Through blood samples removed from the earlobe after the TW, TRT and D300m tests, the blood peak lactate concentration ([Lac]peak) was determined in each test, respectively, [Lac]peakTW, [Lac]peakTRT and [Lac]peakD300m. The tests were separated with intervals of 24 to 72 hours. The data were presented in mean and stand deviation (M l SD)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Dicken, Craig Arthur. "Settlement, landscape and identity in medieval royal forests : the impact of forest law on Sherwood and the Peak, c. AD 650 to 1348." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51926/.
Повний текст джерелаMurata, Helio Massaharu. "Aplicação do GEANT4 no estudo da influência da rugosidade da superfície de ânodos de tubos de raios X utilizados em radiologia diagnóstica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-10062008-142734/.
Повний текст джерелаRecent studies employed the filtration with tungsten absorbers to represent the effect of the anode roughness. To verify the validity of this method, in this work, the Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the spectra of X rays employed in conventional radiodiagnostics (40, 80 and 150 kV), generated by anode roughness. To perform this task, a computational program was developed with the GEANT4 toolkit, which simulates the interaction of radiation with matter. In this program, the geometric modeling of the system, the relevant physical processes and the application of a variance reduction technique based on bremsstrahlung splitting were implemented. In the geometric modeling, the rough surfaces of the anodes were generated from a stochastic model of roughness growth based on the Edwards-Wilkinson equation. The anodes were modeled with a fixed angle of 16º and material consisting of 95% tungsten and 5% of rhenium. The anode surfaces were generated with roughness of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 ?m. The X ray spectra were characterized by the half-value layers (HVL) and mean energies. These parameters were calculated numerically from X ray spectra generated by the Monte Carlo simulation. The increase in the mean energy values was of the order of 20 to 30% and in the HVLs between 11 and 25% approximately growing with the roughness, depending on maximum energy of the spectrum. Comparison between spectra from anodes with roughness and spectra generated by adding tungsten filtration on primary X ray beam showed that both change the shape of the spectral distribution, but in different ways. In other words, the roughness effect and the filtration effect are not equivalent.
Vercese, Francine [UNESP]. "Efeito da temperatura sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95299.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da temperatura sobre o desempenho e qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas foi realizado um experimento utilizando-se 480 aves na fase de pós-pico de produção. As aves foram alojadas em uma câmara bioclimática com controle automático de temperatura, contendo duas baterias compostas de cinco andares e dez gaiolas, com capacidade para 24 aves cada gaiola, divididas em dois grupos: 240 aves no grupo controle (21°C) e 240 aves no grupo experimental, com temperaturas contínuas de 24, 27, 30, 33 e 36°C em períodos de 14 dias. O período experimental, com duração de 105 dias, foi dividido em cinco ciclos de 21 dias (um ciclo para cada temperatura), sendo 14 dias na temperatura teste e sete dias na temperatura termoneutra. No final de cada ciclo experimental foi avaliado o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos. Para todos os tratamentos, as rações foram isonutritivas e isocalóricas. Para a avaliação do desempenho e da qualidade dos ovos utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualisado com dois tratamentos (temperatura termoneutra e temperatura teste) e dez repetições de 24 aves por parcela. A elevação da temperatura piora o consumo de ração, reduz o peso dos ovos, a produção e a massa de ovos. Em temperaturas superiores a 27°C houve piora na qualidade interna e externa dos ovos.
In order to evaluate the effect of temperature on performance and egg quality of Japanese quails was conducted an experiment using 480 birds in the post-peak production. The birds were housed in a climate chamber with automatic temperature control, with two batteries composed of five floors and ten cages for up to 24 birds in each cage, divided into two groups: 240 birds in the control group (21oC) and 240 birds in the experimental group, which temperatures of 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36°C. The experiment, lasting 105 days, was divided into five 21-day cycles (one cycle for each temperature), and 14 days at test and seven days a thermoneutral. At the end of each experimental cycle was evaluated performance and egg quality. For all treatments, the diets were isocaloric and isonutritives. For the evaluation of performance and quality of eggs used a completely randomized design with two treatments (temperature and thermoneutral temperature test) and ten replicates of 24 birds per plot. Elevated temperature worsens the feed intake, egg weight, production and egg mass. At temperatures above 27°C worsened the internal and external quality of eggs.
Carvalho, Sérgio Manuel de Seixas. "Estudo comparativo da força muscular isocinética dos flexores e extensores do joelho em atletas praticantes de Futebol e Futsal." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8365.
Повний текст джерелаApesar das diversas similitudes inerentes ao futebol e ao futsal, cada modalidade apresenta características próprias em termos de habilidades e tipologia de esforço. Posto isto, o objectivo do presente estudo é traçar o perfil muscular de jogadores de ambas as modalidades relativamente aos músculos extensores (quadricipede) e flexores (isquio-tibiais) da articulação do joelho, através da análise do peak torque, trabalho e relação agonista/antagonista. Para tal, participaram no estudo 16 atletas, sendo 8 de futebol e 8 de futsal. A média de idade dos jogadores foi de 23,5 anos_ Os resultados encontrados neste estudo demonstram que não existem diferenças significativas entre membro inferior dominante e não dominante para cada das variáveis estudadas_ Observam-se diferenças significativas em termos de Peak torque aos 60°/s entre os atletas das duas modalidades estudadas, assim como do Total work do MID à mesma velocidade. Os resultados obtidos aos 180°/s sugerem superioridade em termos de Peak torque do MIE para os atletas de Futebol e, para a mesma velocidade, os atletas de Futebol também apresentam maior capacidade de produção de trabalho total. Para o RI/Q não é de salientar diferenças significativas, deste modo, todos os valores encontrados situam-se entre 50 a 60% a baixa velocidade angular, sendo considerados valores normais. Em termos globais, os atletas de futebol deste estudo parecem demonstrar uma relativa superioridade quando comparados com atletas de futsal no que concerne ao perfil muscular extensor e flexor do joelho.
Despite several similarities inherent to football and futsal, each modality has its own characteristics in terms of skills and type of effort. This way, the aim of this study is to perform a muscular profile of the players of both modalities for the extensor muscles (quadriceps) and flexors muscles (ischiotibialis) of the knee joint through the analysis of peak torque, total work and agonist / antagonist ratio, 16 athletes took part in the study, 8 of each modality. The mean age of the group was 23.5 years_ The results found in this study demonstrate that there are no significant differences between dominant and non-dominant leg for each of the studied variables. it was observed significant differences in terms of peak torque at 60 Vs between the athletes of the two modalities, as well as the total work of the right leg at the same speed. Results at 180°/s suggest some degree of superiority in terms of left leg peak torque for football athletes. Football athletes also seems to present better skills for total work production, at the same speed_ For the agonist/antagonist ratio, there is no significant differences, thus all values were found between 50-60%, at low angular velocity, what can be considered as normal. Overall, the soccer athletes in this study appear to demonstrate a relative superiority when compared to futsal players in relation to the muscle profile of the knee.
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Mahunguana, Manuel José. "Efeito da discretização espaço-temporal no manejo de águas pluviais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/98147.
Повний текст джерелаThe economic costs and potential losses of human lives due to failure in stormwater drainage systems can be significant, calling for an improvement in methods used for its design. The design storm approach, also known as “single-event design-storm” is widespread used in formulating design hydrograph from historical rainfall data in urban watersheds, due to its relative advantages when compared to other methods. Therefore, this approach has its uncertainties which can affect the resulted design hydrograph, and consequently affect the hydraulic design of proposed structures. In this study is presented an assessment of the adopted values in design criteria, during the estimation of design hydrograph used in hydraulic design of stormwater drainage systems. In particular, are assessed the effects of spatial discretization of the watershed, the temporal discretization and peak position of the design hyetograph, in the main features of the resulted design hydrograph. The same effects are then assessed in the hydraulic design of the major stormwater drainage system of Mavalane “A” and Maxaquene “A” neighborhoods, located in Maputo city in Mozambique. To assess these effects, the watershed was discretized into 1, 5, 7 and 12 sub-watersheds. The time step of the design hyetograph was discretized into 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes, and then computed for each discretization and time step, hyetographs with peak positioned in the beginning, 25%, 50%, 75% and the end of the duration of 90 minutes and 24 hours. The hyetographs were converted into runoff in IPHS1, wish was dynamically routed in the drainage system, using EPA SWMM 5.0. The watershed outlet and conduit C19 were used to analyze the results. The results show an important influence of the assessed effects on the design hydrograph features: hydrograph peak, time to peak and partial volume and, consequently, on the hydraulic design of the major stormwater drainage system, being the effect of spatial discretization of the watershed, the most important, followed by hyetograph peak position and time step.
Lima, Manoel Carlos Spiguel [UNESP]. "Padronização do teste de corrida atada em velocistas: análise da relação entre potência e desempenho em corrida." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87478.
Повний текст джерелаDentro do âmbito do treinamento competitivo evidencia-se a necessidade de criar e aperfeiçoar testes que possam ser aplicados no próprio ambiente de treinamento, priorizando a busca da especificidade na avaliação e de variáveis que possam melhor explicar as alterações do desempenho do atleta. Então, surge uma problemática ao avaliar a aptidão anaeróbia em velocistas em função das metodologias e dos protocolos propiciarem difícil aplicação e inespecificidade, principalmente por não possuírem nenhum teste com o movimento específico para esse grupo. Entretanto, destaca-se na literatura alguns testes laboratoriais utilizados para avaliação da aptidão anaeróbia de corredores, dentre os quais estão o Máximo Déficit de Oxigênio Acumulado (MAOD), o teste de Wingate (TW) e os testes de salto vertical (SV). Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi padronizar o teste de corrida atada (TCA) analisando a validade, reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade. O protótipo criado para o TCA proporciona a obtenção de valores de força e de velocidade durante o teste que, por sua vez, fornecerá parâmetros de potência pico do TCA (PPTCA), potência média do TCA (PMTCA) e do índice de fadiga do TCA (IFTCA). Para tanto, 10 velocistas do sexo masculino (22,0 l 2,8 anos; 68,1 l 8,9 kg; 1,76 l 0,09 m; 8,1 l 3,1 % Gordura) participaram do estudo. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica, teste incremental para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e do limiar anaeróbio (LAn), teste para determinação do MAOD, TW, dois TCA (teste e re-teste) e um esforço máximo na distância de 300 metros (D300m). Através de coletas sangüíneas retirada do lóbulo da orelha após os testes de TW, TCA e D300m, foram determinadas as concentrações pico de lactato sangüíneo ([Lac]p) para cada um dos testes, respectivamente...
In the competitive training area, it is observed the necessity to create and improve tests that could be applied in its own training environment, prioritizing the search of the specificity in the evaluation and the variables that can explain the changes of the athlete s performance better. So, we find a problem concerning the anaerobic fitness evaluation in sprinters due to the methodologies and the protocols, mainly because there are no tests with the specific movement for this particular group. However, it is possible to mention some laboratorial tests that are used to verify the anaerobic fitness performance of the runners, which are, the maximal deficit oxygen accumulated (MAOD), the Wingate test (TW) and the tests of vertical jump (VJ). Thereby, the aim of this study is to standardize the tied running test (TRT), analyzing the validity, reproducibility and reliability. The TRT prototype provides the instantaneous strength and speed values during the test that give peak power (PPTRT), mean power (PMTRT) and fatigue index (FITRT) parameters. Therefore, ten male runners (22.0l2.8 years old, 68.1l8.9 kg, 1.76l0.09 m; 8.1l3.1 % Fat) participated in this study. All the subjects were submitted into the anthropometric assessment, incremental test to determination the maximal consume of oxygen (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT), the MAOD determination test, the TW, the two TRT (test and re-test) and maximum effort in 300 meters of distance (D300m). Through blood samples removed from the earlobe after the TW, TRT and D300m tests, the blood peak lactate concentration ([Lac]peak) was determined in each test, respectively, [Lac]peakTW, [Lac]peakTRT and [Lac]peakD300m. The tests were separated with intervals of 24 to 72 hours. The data were presented in mean and stand deviation (M l SD)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Agopian, Paula Ghedini Der. "Estudo do efeito de elevação atípica da transcondutância na região linear de polarização em dispositivos SOI nMOSFETS ultra-submicrométricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-09022009-190025/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work presents the study of the Gate Induced Floating Body Effect (GIFBE) that occurs in the SOI MOSFET technology. This study has been performed based on experimental results and on numerical simulations, which were an essential auxiliary tool to obtain a physical insight of this effect. Besides the contribution on the physical explanation of this phenomenon, in this work, the floating body effect was evaluated for different structures (single gate and twin-gate transistors), different technologies (130nm and 65nm SOI CMOS technology) and as a function of the temperature (100K to 450K). From the study of the single gate devices, it was evaluated the gate tunneling current influence on GIFBE, the body potential in the neutral region, the recombination rate, the front gate oxide thickness reduction impact, besides the physical dimensions of the transistor. In the performed analysis, taking into account the channel length reduction, it was verified that the GIFBE tends to be less important for ultra-submicron devices. The GIFBE only occurs for fully depleted devices when the second interface is accumulated. In this situation, the floating body effect influence on fully depleted devices was also studied for both technologies (65nm and 130nm). The twin-gate devices analysis, that traditionally are used in order to minimize the Kink effect, show a GIFBE reduction for this structure when it is compared to the single gate one. This enhance in the electrical characteristics is due to the series resistance increase that is intrinsic of this structures. When the temperature variation from 100K to 450K was analyzed, it was obtained the C shape behavior for the floating body effect due to a competition between the recombination process and the effective mobility degradation factor. A first evaluation of the GIFBE occurrence in new devices was also performed. When the focus is the strained silicon transistor, a occurrence of GIFBE was obtained for a lower gate voltage. Although, the GIFBE occurs earlier for strained transistor. This effect is less pronounced in this device because it presents strong effective mobility degradation. When the focus is FinFETs, the results show that although this device was fabricated with a high-k gate dielectric, the GIFBE still occurs and is strongly dependent on the device channel width.
Vercese, Francine 1982. "Efeito da temperatura sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95299.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: In order to evaluate the effect of temperature on performance and egg quality of Japanese quails was conducted an experiment using 480 birds in the post-peak production. The birds were housed in a climate chamber with automatic temperature control, with two batteries composed of five floors and ten cages for up to 24 birds in each cage, divided into two groups: 240 birds in the control group (21oC) and 240 birds in the experimental group, which temperatures of 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36°C. The experiment, lasting 105 days, was divided into five 21-day cycles (one cycle for each temperature), and 14 days at test and seven days a thermoneutral. At the end of each experimental cycle was evaluated performance and egg quality. For all treatments, the diets were isocaloric and isonutritives. For the evaluation of performance and quality of eggs used a completely randomized design with two treatments (temperature and thermoneutral temperature test) and ten replicates of 24 birds per plot. Elevated temperature worsens the feed intake, egg weight, production and egg mass. At temperatures above 27°C worsened the internal and external quality of eggs.
Orientador: Edivaldo Antônio Garcia
Coorientador: Jose Roberto Sartori
Banca: Raphael Lúcio Andreatti Filho
Banca: Antônio Carlos de Laurentiz
Mestre
Igreja, Eduardo Nogueira de. "Qual é o preço da ação-loteria?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/21993.
Повний текст джерелаApproved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2018-04-12T19:08:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Qual é o preço da ação-loteria - Eduardo Igreja.pdf: 724444 bytes, checksum: bcda476394ddd2f0ba0080acd3f680b1 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T19:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Qual é o preço da ação-loteria - Eduardo Igreja.pdf: 724444 bytes, checksum: bcda476394ddd2f0ba0080acd3f680b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-19
A lottery-type stock is a stock that presents a small probability of achieving a big positive return. If investors have utility functions based on Kahneman and Tversky’s Prospect Theory, they overestimate low probabilities. Other behavioral bias may occur when investors, analyzing data sample in retrospective, use peak-end rule, focusing their attention in the maximum point (PEAK) and at the end of sample (end). Sell the first quartile of stocks ranked by PEAK of daily returns in the last month (the 25% which had the higher PEAKS) and buy the last quartile of stocks (the 25% which had the lower PEAKS) is a profitable strategy with statistical significance (t-statistic of 2,38) in the 2000-2017 data sample of Brazilian stock market. These findings are not explained by 3-factor model of Fama-French (6,5% alpha), momentum, skewness, volatility, or traditional value-indicators, such as price-to-earnings and book-tomarket ratio
Ação-loteria é definida como uma ação que apresenta uma pequena probabilidade de alcançar um grande retorno positivo. Se os investidores possuem função utilidade segundo a Teoria da Perspectiva (Prospect Theory) de Kahneman e Tversky (1979), estes investidores sobre-estimam pequenas probabilidades. Outro viés comportamental pode ocorrer quando investidores, ao analisarem em retrospecto um período de dados, utilizam a heurística do pico-fim, concentrando-se nos momentos de máxima magnitude (PICO) e no final da amostra (fim). Vender o primeiro quartil de ações ordenadas por PICO de retorno diário no mês anterior (as 25% que obtiveram os maiores PICOS) e comprar o último quartil (as 25% com menores PICOS) é uma estratégia com ganhos estatisticamente significantes (t-estatístico de 2,38) no período de 2000 a 2017 no mercado de ações brasileiro. Os resultados não são explicados pelo modelo de Três Fatores de Fama-French (alfa de 6,5% ao ano), momento, assimetria, volatilidade, ou múltiplos tradicionalmente associados a valor, como razão lucro-preço e preço-valor patrimonial.
Lazzari, Marinês. "CURVA DE LACTAÇÃO DE VACAS PRIMÍPARAS DA RAÇA JERSEY." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10824.
Повний текст джерелаO objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o formato da curva de lactação e suas implicações sobre a média de produção de leite de vacas primíparas da raça Jersey. Foram utilizados 3.531 registros de produção de 620 vacas, com partos entre 1986 e 2002 e idade ao primeiro parto entre 20 e 48 meses.Eliminaram-se registros de produção de leite inferiores a 2,0 kg/dia ou superiores a 38,0 kg/dia, o período de produção coletado iniciou ao3° dia após o parto e finalizou-se no 305° dia perfazendo as 43 semanas de lactação. Os parâmetros dos 15 modelos testados que convergiram foram estimados por meio de regressão não-linear (método de Gauss Newton). Os critérios para a escolha do melhor modelo foram: quadrado médio do resíduo (QMR); média dos desvios absolutos (DMA); índice de melhor ajuste; avaliação visual comparada entre as curvas estimada e observada e o gráfico de distribuição dos resíduos. O modelo de Wood (1967) foi o que mais satisfez a curva de lactação das vacas primíparas da raça Jersey, apresentando comportamento curvilíneo com DMA de 0,49, QMR de 24,93, índice de 5,48, menores amplitudes dos resíduos (entre 0,3 e -0,5 Litros) e curva estimada mais condizente com a observada. Além de ser possível calcular a partir de seus parâmetros a produção de leite no pico de lactação, tempo de pico e persistência, sendo 16,6 kg/dia, 45 dias, 61,11%, respectivamente. O estudo também permitiu auxiliar o produtor na detecção precoce de falhas ou vantagens no manejo, seleção ou doenças que acometam o rebanho leiteiro.
Gonsalez, Wanderlei de Oliveira. "Estudo das propriedades mecânico-dinâmicas e biomecânicas de materiais para sobrepalmilha de calçados de uso diário." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2007. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/388.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present study had the objective of evaluating the following materials: flexible poliuretane foam, lattice synthetic SBR rubber foam and expanded EVA used in the manufacturing of footwear daily use insoles, using as independent variables the density properties and thickness to detect the influence in the mechanic-dynamic properties (dynamic deformation, energy absorption, impact resilience, mechanical histeresys by tension and restitution energy coefficient) and as dependent the biomechanics (pressure peak to plant). The instruments were: machine for the deformation by dynamic compression, dinamometer of measuring compression force stress/strain to determine the energy absorption, pendulum resiliometer Schob, machine of mechanical rehearsal to determine the energy restitution coefficient, Pedar X System of Novell GMBH for determining the distribution of the plant pressure. The adopted procedures were: a) research structured with designers, footwear technicians and insole manufacturers to determine the most employed thicknesses and densities; b) to collect the material with the insole manufacturers; c) to characterize the materials through density rehearsals, hardness Asker C, thickness, thermal transitions and analysis of the cellular structure through scattering electronical microscopy; d) to determine the properties of the dependent variables. To verify the consistence of the methodology, a pilot test was applied. The tests used to evaluate the obtained results were: parametric and not parametric tests, normality test Shapiro-Wilk. For the statistical evaluations of the software was used SPSS and Excel. After all that the equipments to evaluate the dynamic deformation, absorption of energy and impact resilience to the are not appropriate to the proposed methodology and for the restitution coefficient energy should be reduced the impact mass or to cut off piezoelectrical tip height. On the point of view of the material, it was found out that the thickness affect the pressure pick for expanded EVA, and the thickness will have larger or smaller impact as it reduces the apparent density of the expanded EVA. However, for the lattice of SBR foam, very away cannot determine correlation between apparent density and pressure peak, it can be said that the apparent density affects the pressure peak, as well as for the PU foam. A interrelation among pressure to peak plant and the restitution coefficient of energy, it should not be absolute because it had to control the intervenient variables better. However, in a general way, it can be said that as larger the coefficient of larger restitution of energy is, the higher the pressure peak is. Concerning comfort, the thickness of 2 mm is inadequate, mainly when in cellular materials of the type it skims with apparent density in the strip of 0.20 or expanded materials with density in the strip above 0.30 and with thickness above 5 mm.
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os materiais espuma de poliuretano flexível, espuma de látex de borracha sintética SBR, EVA expandido, empregados na confecção de sobrepalmilhas de calçados de uso diário, utilizando como variáveis independentes as propriedades de densidade aparente e espessura para detectar a influência nas propriedades mecânico-dinâmicas (deformação dinâmica, absorção de energia, resiliência ao impacto, histerese mecânica por tração e coeficiente de restituição) e como dependente as biomecânicas (pico de pressão plantar). Os instrumentos foram: máquina para a deformação por compressão dinâmica, dinamômetro de medir força carga/deformação para determinar a absorção de energia, resiliômetro de pêndulo Schob, máquina de ensaio mecânico para determinar o coeficiente de restituição, sistema Pedar X da marca Novell GMBH para aferição da distribuição da pressão plantar. Os procedimentos adotados: a) pesquisa estruturada junto aos modelistas, técnicos de calçados e fabricantes de sobrepalmilhas para definir as espessuras e densidades; b) coletar o material nos fabricantes de sobrepalmilhas; c) caracterizar os materiais através de ensaios de densidade, dureza Asker C, espessura, transições térmicas e análise da estrutura celular através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura; d) determinar as propriedades das variáveis dependentes. Para verificar a consistência da metodologia aplicou-se um teste piloto. Os testes utilizados para avaliar os resultados obtidos foram: testes paramétricos e não paramétricos, o teste de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk. Nas avaliações estatísticas foi utilizado o software SPSS e Excel. Conclui-se que os equipamentos para avaliar a deformação dinâmica, absorção de energia e resiliência ao impacto não são adequados à metodologia proposta e para o coeficiente de restituição deve-se reduzir a massa da ponteira piezelétrica ou a altura de queda. Sob o ponto de vista do material tem-se que a espessura interfere no pico de pressão para o EVA expandido, sendo que a espessura terá maior ou menor impacto à medida que diminui a densidade aparente do expandido. Contudo, para a espuma de látex de SBR, muito embora não se possa determinar correlação entre densidade aparente e pico de pressão, pode-se dizer que a densidade aparente afeta o pico de pressão, bem como para o material PU flexível. A inter-relação entre pressão plantar máxima e o coeficiente de restituição, não deve ser absoluta porque tem-se que controlar melhor as variáveis intervenientes. No entanto, de maneira geral, pode-se dizer que quanto maior o coeficiente de restituição maior o pico de pressão. Quanto ao conforto a espessura de 2 mm é inadequada, principalmente quando em materiais celulares do tipo espuma com densidade aparente na faixa de 0,20 ou materiais expandidos com densidade na faixa acima de 0,30 e com espessuras acima de 5 mm.
Santim, Thiago Garcia da Silva. "Uso de geotecnologias na análise temporal dos impactos da urbanização na sub-bacia do Córrego Sem Nome em Ilha Solteira/SP /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98054.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: The urban areas expansion brings significant changes in use and land cover watershed. These new features make the basin to a new system of hydrological variables. Thus, the challenge for urban planners was anticipate the behavior of hydrologic variables because the decrease of permeable areas decreased the volume that infiltrate, increasing runoff, requiring space to be leased. In order to resolve this flood's increase problem researches in hydraulics and hydrology are turning to predictive modeling of flow. Models for forecasting stream flow added to the advent of GIS programs, enabling the structuring more detailed databases. This paper set up a database in ArcMap 9.2 using thematic maps prepared in AutoCAD 2000 and cadastral spreadsheets about the use and land cover in Excel 2003 for the catchment area of the Sem Nome Stream, located in Ilha Solteira- SP, Brazil. This basin has become an interesting case to study, as well as being small, area of 3.47 square kilometers, in 45 years no longer rural and has become 100% urban, suffering from severe erosion. The application of ArcMap 9.2 on watershed parameters determination provides a more accurate estimate of runoff coefficient, of the parameters of the Horton's formula and of the Manning coefficients. The method of mass balance was used to calculate the flow, the Horton's formula for determining the infiltration and wave kinetic method for calculating time of concentration of watercourses to be analyzed. Thus, a simulations tool has been concocted turning possible to know the effects of urbanization all over the years, providing the peak flow for each stage of the occupation in the runoff launch. Finally, with the peak flows determined, we evaluated the efficiency of the existing drainage system in the watershed, since it was built along with the city's projected deployment Ilha Solteira - SP, Brazil
Orientador: José Augusto de Lollo
Coorientador: Jefferson Nascimento de Oliveira
Banca: Paulo Augusto Romera e Silva
Banca: Sergio dos Anjos Ferreira Pinto
Mestre
Lopes, André Guelli. "Efeitos da temperatura e do estado metabólico sobre a função cardíaca do jacaré-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1253.
Повний текст джерелаFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
Phenomena as feeding and thermoregulation can challenge both the cardiac output and heart rate (fH). Postprandial changes in many physiological patterns are typically recorded for ectotherms, although predominantly studied in snakes. Furthermore, thermoregulation is a critical process to ensure different survival and reproduction strategies from reptiles. Ventricular preparations in vitro were used to investigate the inotropic plasticity at 30 ºC and 25 ºC and during fasting (30 days fasting group) and after feeding (2 days digesting group). No significant differences were verified in the relative ventricular mass (RVM) after feeding. The peak tension (Fc) was significantly higher and rates (dFc/dt) of contraction (TC) and relaxation (TR) were faster at 25° C than at 30° C for both experimental groups. However, feeding caused significant increase in peak tension (PT) at both temperatures (396.7 % at 30 ºC and 416.7 % at 25 ºC). A significant post-rest potentiation was recorded for digesting group at 25 ºC (121.0 ± 6.4 %), which was inhibited by ryanodine (86.0 ± 2.9 %). At 30 ºC, myocytes from fasting group were able to support higher frequencies (up to 1.6 Hz) than at 25 ºC (up to 1.0 Hz), even with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) blocked by 10 μM ryanodine (RYA). Data from digestion group showed greater values of the Fc and reached higher frequencies than fasting group, at both temperatures. However, pre-treatment with RYA decreased PT in frequencies between 1.4 and 1.8 Hz for digesting group at 30 ºC. Sarcolemma mechanisms were more representative in the fasting group at 25 ºC, but the SR must contribute to increased speed of contractility under those conditions. During SDA, the SR seem representative at 25 ºC, however the positive inotropic effect caused by SDA enlarged sarcolemma mechanisms representativeness. The SR significance at 30 °C seems critical during high frequencies. At this temperature, the SDA increases the contractility efficiency, even with the RS blocked, despite the relaxation and Fc development at high frequencies been present impaired. Our results indicate that Caiman latirostris myocytes show large inotropic plasticity at different temperatures, frequencies and metabolic states.
A digestão e a termorregulação são processos que podem desafiar tanto o débito quanto a frequência cardíaca (fH). Alterações pós-prandiais em diferentes padrões fisiológicos são comumente identificadas para ectotérmicos, embora sejam predominantemente estudados em serpentes. Além disso, a termorregulação é um processo crítico para garantir diferentes estratégias de sobrevivência e reprodução nos répteis. Preparações ventriculares in vitro foram utilizadas para investigar a plasticidade inotrópica dos miócitos ventriculares do Caiman latirostris a 25 e 30 °C, durante o período pós- absortivo (30 dias - após a alimentação) e após a alimentação (2 dias - grupo digestão). A massa ventricular relativa (MVR) após 2 dias da alimentação não apresentou diferenças significativas em relação ao grupo pós-absortivo. A força de contração (Fc) foi significativamente maior e as taxas (dFc/dt) de contração (TC) e relaxamento (TR) foram mais rápidas a 25 °C do que a 30 °C, para ambos os grupos experimentais. No entanto, a alimentação causou aumento significativo na força de contração (Fc) em ambas as temperaturas (316.7% a 30 °C e a 296.7% 25 °C). Uma significativa potenciação pós-pausa foi identificada no grupo digestão a 25 °C (121.0 ± 6.4 %), que foi inibida pela rianodina (86.0 ± 2.9 %). No grupo pós-absortivo a 30 °C, os miócitos foram capazes de suportar frequências de estimulação superiores (até 1.6 Hz) às suportadas a 25 °C (até 1.0 Hz), mesmo com a função do retículo sarcoplasmático (RS) bloqueada pela adição de 10 μM de rianodina (RYA). As preparações ventriculares do grupo digestão apresentaram valores maiores de Fc e alcançaram frequências superiores do que o grupo pós-absortivo, em ambas as temperaturas. Contudo, o pré-tratamento com RYA reduziu a Fc em frequências entre 1,4 e 1,8Hz no grupo digestão a 30 °C. Os mecanismos sarcolemais são mais representativos no grupo pós-absortivo a 25 °C, porém o RS pode contribuir com o aumento da velocidade da contratilidade nessas condições. Durante a SDA, o RS parece representativo nessa condição de temperatura, porém a SDA causou efeito inotrópico positivo e ampliou a representatividade dos mecanismos sarcolemais. A importância do RS a 30 °C parece crítica apenas em altas frequências de estimulação. Nessa temperatura, a SDA garante a eficiência da contratilidade mesmo com o RS bloqueado, apesar do prejuízo significativo no desenvolvimento da Fc e do relaxamento em altas frequências. Nossos resultados indicam que os miócitos ventriculares do Caiman latirostris apresentam ampla plasticidade inotrópica, capaz de assegurar o débito cardíaco em diferentes temperaturas, frequências e estados metabólicos.
Carvalho, Ivo Miguel Oliveira de. "Avaliação da função pulmonar em jovens adultos em diferentes posicionamentos." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7090.
Повний текст джерелаObjetivo: Avaliar e comparar a função pulmonar em jovens adultos, fumadores, não fumadores, praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física em diferentes posicionamentos. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal em 80 jovens adultos (22,00 ± 2,8 anos), tendo sido avaliada a Capacidade Vital Forçada (CVF), Volume Expiratório Forçada no primeiro segundo (VEF1), Pico de Fluxo Expiratório (PFE) através da espirometria em diferentes posicionamentos. Utilizou-se ainda o IPAQ- Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física – versão curta, para avaliar a intensidade de treino dos participantes (vigorosa/moderada). Resultados: Verificaram-se diferenças significativas em termos de volumes respiratórios nos diferentes posicionamentos, em todas as variáveis em estudo, bem como diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os posicionamentos, os hábitos tabágicos e a prática atividade física parecem influenciar a função pulmonar em jovens adultos.
Purpose: Evaluate and compare the respiratory capacity in young people, smokers, non-smokers, practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity in different positions. Methodology: Observational cross-sectional study in 80 young adults (22.00 ± 2.8 years), with Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Expiratory Flow Peak (PEF) by spirometry in different positions. The IPAQ - International Questionnaire on Physical Activity - short version. It was used to evaluate the intensity of training of the participants (vigorous / moderate). Results: There were significant differences in respiratory volumes in the different positions, in all study variables, as well as differences between groups. Conclusion: Positions, smoking habits and physical activity practice influence the respiratory capacity.
N/A
Gulotta, Elena. "Sviluppo di un modello ad elementi finiti per lo studio del numero di coil da utilizzare per un'embolizzazione patient-specific dell'aneurisma dell'aorta addominale a seguito di intervento EVAR." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаPorto, Jaqueline Mello. "Associação entre função muscular do quadril e do tronco, equilíbrio e funcionalidade em idosos da comunidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17152/tde-04012017-113909/.
Повний текст джерелаPrevious studies have investigated causes and risk factors for falls and functional disability in the elderly. However, regarding biomechanical factors involved in the functional performance and postural control, the contribution of the proximal muscle groups of the hip and trunk still receives little attention. The objective of this study was to assess the association between muscle function of hip abductors and adductors and trunk flexors and extensors muscles with the performance of static and dynamic balance and functionality of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: eighty-one elderly of both sexes underwent assessment of balance and functionality through: (1) tandem gait test on the Balance Master force platform (Neurocom International Inc., Clackamas, OR) to obtain the variable tandem gait speed and body sway velocity in the end of tandem gait; and (2) clinical tests of single-leg stance and Timed Up and Go (TUG). The participants also underwent assessment of muscle function in isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 4 Pro, New York, USA) through 3 maximal isometric contractions of abduction and adduction of the hip and flexion and extension of the trunk to obtain the variables peak torque (PT) and rate of force development (RFD) in proportion to body weight. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed and then, Pearson correlation test (data with normal distribution) and Spearman (data with non-normal distribution) were applied. Linear regression test was applied to quantify the determination index (r2) of muscle function of the hip and trunk in balance and functionality of the elderly for those variables with significant correlation coefficient. It was adopted a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: there was correlation with a significant determination index of PT of muscle groups of the hip and trunk in the performance of balance and functionality tests. Regarding the RFD, it was found correlation with significant determination index of RFD of the hip abduction and trunk extension in the body sway velocity in the end of tandem gait and TUG; and of RFD of the trunk extension in single-leg stance. Conclusions: These findings may be clinically relevant considering that (1) different parameters of muscle function (such as PT and RDF) have different intervention strategies for their improvement and (2) problems of balance and / or functionality in the elderly may be 12 associated with impairments of RFD and PT of proximal muscles, which are parameters that can be treated.
Santim, Thiago Garcia da Silva [UNESP]. "Uso de geotecnologias na análise temporal dos impactos da urbanização na sub-bacia do Córrego Sem Nome em Ilha Solteira/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98054.
Повний текст джерелаA expansão das áreas urbanas promove consideráveis alterações no uso e ocupação da terra de uma bacia hidrográfica. Estas novas características condicionam a bacia hidrográfica a um novo regime das variáveis hidrológicas. Desse modo, antecipar o comportamento das variáveis hidrológicas passou a ser o desafio dos planejadores urbanos, pois com a redução de áreas permeáveis o volume que antes infiltrava passa a escoar superficialmente requerendo espaços para ser locado. Com o intuito de locar este acréscimo problemático da vazão as pesquisas em hidráulica e hidrologia passaram a recorrer aos modelos de previsão de vazão. Aos modelos de previsão de vazões somou-se o advento dos programas de geoprocessamento, possibilitando a estruturação de bancos de dados mais detalhados. Assim, este trabalho configurou um banco de dados no ArcMap 9.2 utilizando cartas temáticas confeccionadas no AutoCAD 2000 e planilhas cadastrais sobre o uso e ocupação da terra no Excel 2003 para a sub-bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Sem Nome, localizada no município de Ilha Solteira – SP. Esta bacia hidrográfica tornou-se um caso interessante para estudo, pois além de ser de pequeno porte, área de 3,47 km², em 45 anos deixou de ser rural e passou a ser 100% urbana, sofrendo com intensos processos erosivos. A aplicação do ArcMap 9.2 na determinação dos parâmetros da bacia de drenagem forneceu uma estimativa mais acurada dos coeficiente de runoff, parâmetros da fórmula de Horton e coeficientes de Manning. O Método do Balanço de Massas foi empregado para o cálculo das vazões, a fórmula de Horton para a determinação da infiltração e o método da onda cinética para o cálculo dos tempos de concentração dos trechos a serem analisados. Dessa forma, confeccionou-se um ferramental computacional que possibilitou simulações dos efeitos da urbanização ao longo dos anos...
The urban areas expansion brings significant changes in use and land cover watershed. These new features make the basin to a new system of hydrological variables. Thus, the challenge for urban planners was anticipate the behavior of hydrologic variables because the decrease of permeable areas decreased the volume that infiltrate, increasing runoff, requiring space to be leased. In order to resolve this flood's increase problem researches in hydraulics and hydrology are turning to predictive modeling of flow. Models for forecasting stream flow added to the advent of GIS programs, enabling the structuring more detailed databases. This paper set up a database in ArcMap 9.2 using thematic maps prepared in AutoCAD 2000 and cadastral spreadsheets about the use and land cover in Excel 2003 for the catchment area of the Sem Nome Stream, located in Ilha Solteira- SP, Brazil. This basin has become an interesting case to study, as well as being small, area of 3.47 square kilometers, in 45 years no longer rural and has become 100% urban, suffering from severe erosion. The application of ArcMap 9.2 on watershed parameters determination provides a more accurate estimate of runoff coefficient, of the parameters of the Horton’s formula and of the Manning coefficients. The method of mass balance was used to calculate the flow, the Horton’s formula for determining the infiltration and wave kinetic method for calculating time of concentration of watercourses to be analyzed. Thus, a simulations tool has been concocted turning possible to know the effects of urbanization all over the years, providing the peak flow for each stage of the occupation in the runoff launch. Finally, with the peak flows determined, we evaluated the efficiency of the existing drainage system in the watershed, since it was built along with the city's projected deployment Ilha Solteira – SP, Brazil
Ike, Daniela. "Equações de valores previstos de pico de fluxo expiratório em diferentes equipamentos de uma amostra da população brasileira." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5186.
Повний текст джерелаFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
The peak expiratory flow (PEF) is a simple and objective method that evaluates primarily the proximal airways caliber. The ease of handling and low cost of portable PEF meters have become its frequent use, however few studies have analyzed the agreement of the obtained values in different equipment, as well as compared its reference values, which justifies the Study I, which had as its objective to compare the obtained values, analyze the agreement of three portable PEF meters and check if the reference values that accompany these devices are appropriate for the population studied. 168 healthy individuals were evaluated, of both genders, in the age group of 20 to 80 years, who underwent PEF measurements in Mini-Wright®, Assess® and Air Zone® meters; then, the obtained values were compared to predict proposed by Leiner et al. (1963) and Nunn and Gregg (1989). The statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon test, Spearman's correlation test and Bland-Altman s agreement test, with a significance level of 5%. Significant differences were found in the PEF obtained values between Mini-Wright® and Assess® meters in both genders, between the Air Zone® and Assess® meters only in men, and between Mini-Wright® and Air Zone® meters only in women; and the PEF predict values in the three devices were considered significantly higher than those obtained in both genders. Moderate significant correlations were found between the obtained and predict values in men and women, but there was no agreement between the PEF obtained values in the meters, due to the great variation in the limits of agreement and large interindividual variation. It was concluded that the obtained values in the three meters are not interchangeable and the predicted values overestimated the obtained, indicating its inconsistency for the sample studied, that stimulated the realization of Study II, which aimed to establish PEF reference values for adults and elderly from Southeast region of Brazil based on the obtained values of three portable meters: Mini-Wright®, Assess® and Air Zone®. 373 healthy individuals were evaluated, of both genders, aged 20 to 80 years, who underwent PEF measurements in Mini-Wright®, Assess® and Air Zone® meters. The statistical analysis was performed by multiple linear regression analysis by stepwise selection method to determine the explicative variables and were tested three different models: using variable unit, logarithmic and adjust by age; and then the paired t-test was applied to compare the obtained values with predict by new model and to check the validation of the proposed model, with a significance level of 5%. Of the models tested, adjust by age showed the best agreement and the equations varied according to the meter and the coefficients age, corporal mass, height and body mass index (BMI) explained more than 90% variation in PEF. In the comparison of obtained values with those proposed by new model, no significant difference was found, confirming the validation of equations proposed in the meters. Therefore, equations of PEF were established for adults and elderly from Southeast region of Brazil, separated by gender and for each meter evaluated: Mini-Wright®, Assess® and Air Zone® considering the inadequacy of the common use of an equation for the three meters used. These equations enable the correct interpretation of PEF values in clinical practice.
O pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) é um método simples e objetivo que avalia primariamente o calibre das vias aéreas proximais. A facilidade no manuseio e o baixo custo dos medidores portáteis de PFE tornaram seu uso frequente, entretanto, poucos estudos analisaram a concordância dos valores obtidos em diferentes equipamentos, bem como compararam seus valores de referência, o que justifica a realização do Estudo I, que teve como objetivo comparar os valores obtidos e analisar a concordância de três medidores portáteis de PFE e verificar se os valores de referência que acompanham esses aparelhos são adequados para a população estudada. Foram avaliados 168 indivíduos saudáveis, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 20 a 80 anos, que realizaram medidas de PFE nos medidores Mini-Wright®, Assess® e Air Zone®; os valores obtidos foram então comparados aos previstos propostos por Leiner et al. (1963) e Nunn e Gregg (1989). A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA, teste de Wilcoxon, correlação de Spearman e análise de concordância de Bland-Altman, com nível de significância de 5%. Constatou-se diferença significativa nos valores de PFE obtidos entre os medidores Mini- Wright® e Assess® em ambos os gêneros, entre o Air Zone® e o Assess® apenas nos homens e entre o Mini-Wright® e o Air Zone® somente nas mulheres; e os valores previstos de PFE nos três aparelhos foram considerados significativamente maiores que os obtidos em ambos os gêneros. Correlações moderadas significativas foram encontradas entre os valores obtidos e previstos em homens e mulheres, porém não se verificou concordância entre os valores de PFE obtidos nos medidores, devido à grande variação dos limites de concordância e grande variação interindividual. Concluiu-se que os valores obtidos nos três medidores não são intercambiáveis e que os valores previstos superestimaram os obtidos, indicando sua inconsistência para a amostra estudada, o que impulsionou a realização do Estudo II, que objetivou estabelecer valores de referência de PFE para adultos e idosos da região Sudeste do Brasil baseados nos valores obtidos de três medidores portáteis: Mini-Wright®, Assess® e Air Zone®. Foram avaliados 373 indivíduos saudáveis, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 20 a 80 anos, que realizaram medidas de PFE nos medidores Mini- Wright®, Assess® e Air Zone®. A análise estatística foi realizada através da análise de regressão linear múltipla pelo método de seleção stepwise para determinar as variáveis explicativas, e foram testados três modelos diferentes: utilizando a unidade da variável, logarítmico e ajuste pela idade; em seguida, o teste t pareado foi aplicado para comparar os valores obtidos com os previstos pelo novo modelo e assim verificar a validação do modelo proposto, com nível de significância de 5%. Dos modelos testados, o ajuste pela idade mostrou a melhor concordância e as equações variaram de acordo com o medidor, sendo que os coeficientes idade, massa corporal, estatura e índice de massa corporal (IMC) explicaram mais de 90% da variação do PFE. Na comparação dos valores obtidos com os previstos pelo novo modelo, não foi encontrada diferença significativa, comprovando a validação das equações propostas nos medidores. Portanto, equações de PFE foram estabelecidas para adultos e idosos da região Sudeste do Brasil, separadas por gênero e para cada medidor avaliado: Mini-Wright®, Assess® e Air Zone®, considerando a inadequação do uso comum de uma equação para os três medidores utilizados. Essas equações possibilitam a interpretação correta dos valores de PFE na prática clínica.
Marquez, André Lanfer. "Estudo de agitação, correntes induzidas por ondas e balanço sedimentar da região do Porto de Tubarão e Praia de Camburi, Vitória/ES." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-05082011-110336/.
Повний текст джерелаThe coastal zones can be characterized by the huge dynamic battle, continent forces against the ocean forces. The sedimentary dynamic of the coast line is a basic knowledge necessary to carry out engineering features and to understand the natural coastal environment. This work tried to understand the mechanisms that control those dynamics in the region near to the Tubarão Harbour, Vitória- ES. The effects of the tides, wind generated wave clima, wave induced currents and sedimentary transport was analyzed in short and long terms. In short terms, tide currents are specially important near the estuaries mouth (Vitória and Passagem channels), with velocities reaching 0.7m/s. The waves reach the coast line with different significant wave heights, depending on the each site expositions to in coming waves. At Cambury beach the waves hardly gets significant wave height over 1meter, in other hand, at Mole beach, waves with 2,5m significant wave height are quite often. At Mole beach, wave induced currents directions are directly correlated with the wave direction in outside zones, oscillating between NE and SW directions. The current velocities, which depends on wave height and wave period, presents values between 0 and 0,44 m/s. At Cambury beach the currents always goes to ENE, independent of outside wave directions. The velocities varies between 0 and 0,3 m/s. The Tubarão harbour acts like a wall creating shadows for the incident waves in the beaches behind. In long terms, the Mole beach seems to be stable and Cambury Beach seems to rotate some degrees of it mean direction, with the intensifications of the erosional process in the oriental portion of the beach.
Lapa, Vítor Manuel da Cruz. "Optimização da maquinagem do PEEK e seus compósitos PEEK/CF30 e PEEK/GF30." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2557.
Повний текст джерелаSendo o PEEK (poli-éter-éter-cetona) um termoplástico de Engenharia de última geração que apresenta excelentes propriedades físicas/mecânicas, tem a possibilidade de ser aplicado simples ou compósito nos mais variados tipos de componentes das indústrias (automóvel, aeronáutica, aeroespacial, nuclear, transportes, petrolífera, médica, biomédica, e outras). Este presente trabalho pretende mostrar a sua aptidão para ser processado através da maquinagem convencional por arranque de apara (torneamento, fresagem e furação). Verificou-se que a maquinagem do PEEK e seus compósitos PEEK/CF30 e PEEK/GF30, obrigou à utilização de ferramentas diamantadas com geometrias especiais e parâmetros de corte apropriados. Na maquinagem em corte ortogonal destes três materiais, em virtude dos diferentes tipos de apara obtidos, pôde ser aplicado o modelo de Merchant. Igualmente, utilizando o corte ortogonal, foi possível desenvolver uma Rede Neuronal Artificial (RNA) que aponta para a modelação eficiente de um conjunto de condições de maquinagem dos materiais compósitos com matriz de PEEK. A aprendizagem supervisionada da RNA baseou-se num Algoritmo Genético (AG) suportado por uma estratégia elitista. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a pesquisa evolucionária é uma boa opção, quando se associa o processo de optimização à aprendizagem supervisionada. Na maquinabilidade dos três materiais, as menores forças de corte ocorrem para o PEEK seguido do PEEK/GF30, sendo mais elevadas para o PEEK/CF30. Quanto às rugosidades nas superfícies obtidas, elas são menores para o PEEK seguidas do PEEK/CF30, enquanto que o PEEK/GF30 apresenta os valores mais elevados. Nas operações de fresagem e furação verificou-se que a utilização de ferramentas com geometrias especiais é um factor importante para se obterem forças de corte optimizadas e superfícies com bom acabamento.
Being PEEK (poli-ether-ether-ketona) a last generation engineering thermoplastic which has excellent physical/mechanical properties, it can be used both simple and composite in several varied sorts of components in automobile, aeronautical, aerospatial, nuclear, transportation, oil, medical, biomedical, and other industries. This present research intends to show its capability for being processed through conventional machining by taking off chip (turning, milling and drilling). It has been observed that the machining of PEEK and its composites PEEK/CF30 and PEEK/GF30, required the use of diamond tools with especial geometries and proper cutting parameters. For the machining in orthogonal cutting of these three types of materials, it was possible to use the Merchant model, due to the different sorts of chips acquired. Likewise, using the orthogonal cutting it was possible to develop an Artificial Neural Network (RNA) which leads to the efficient moulding of a series of machining conditions of composites materials with a PEEK matrix. The supervisioned learning RNA is based on a Genetic Algorithm (AG) supported by an elitist strategy. The results obtained show that, when the optimization process is linked to the supervisioned learning, the evolutionary research is a good option. In the machinability of these three materials, the lowest cutting forces occur for PEEK, then for PEEK/GF30, being the highest values for PEEK/CF30. In what concerns the roughness on the surfaces obtained, PEEK has the lowest values, followed by PEEK/CF30 and while PEEK/GF30 presents the highest values. By milling and drilling, it has been observed that the use of tools with special geometries is an important factor to get optimized cutting forces and a good surface finish.
Jacobson, Ludmilla da Silva Viana. "Efeitos adversos da poluição atmosférica em crianças e adolescentes devido a queimadas na Amazônia: uma abordagem de modelos mistos em estudos de painel." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5243.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates the acute effects of air pollution on peak expiratory flow (PEF) of schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 15, living in Brazilian Amazon municipalities. The first article evaluated the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on PEF of 309 schoolchildren in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso (MT), during the dry season in 2006. Mixed effect models were estimated for the whole sample and stratified by the time of the day children attended school, and also by the presence of asthma symptoms. The second article describes the strategies used to determine the random error variance function of mixed effect models. The third one analyzes the data of the panel study with a sample of 234 schoolchildren carried out in Tangará da Serra, MT, during the dry season in 2008. Linear effects and the ones with distributed lag (PDLM) of inhalable particulate matter (PM10), PM2.5 and Black Carbon (BC) were assessed for the whole sample and stratified by age. In all three articles, the mixed effect models were adjusted by time trend, temperature, humidity and personal characteristics. The models also considered the adjustment of the residual autocorrelation and of the random error variance function. Regarding the exposures, its effects were evaluated in 5hs, 6hs, 12hs and 24hs, on the current day, with lags of 1 to 5 days and moving averages of 2 and 3 days. According to results in Alta Floresta, the models for all the children indicated reductions in the PEF varying from 0.26 l/min (CI95%: 0.49; 0.04) to 0.38 l/min (CI95%: 0.71; 0.04), for each increase of 10g/m3 on PM2.5. Significant effects of pollution were not observed in the group of asthmatic children. The 24-hour exposure presented significant effects in the group of students who attended school in the afternoon and in the group of non-asthmatic ones. The exposure from midnight to 5:30 A.M. was significant both to students who attended school in the morning and the ones who studied in the afternoon. In Tangará da Serra, the results showed significant reductions on the PEF for increases of 10 units of pollutants, mainly for lagged exposures of 3, 4 and 5 days. For PM10, the reductions varied from 0.15 (CI95%: 0.29; 0.01) to 0.25 l/min (CI95%: 0.40; 0.10). For PM2.5, the reductions ranged from 0.46 l/min (CI95%: 0.86 to 0.06) to 0.54 l/min (CI95%:0.95; 0.14). And for BC, the reduction was about 0.014 l/min. In relation to PDLM, more important effects were noticed in models based on the exposure of the current day until 5 past days. The global effect was significant only for PM10, with PEF reduction of 0.31 l/min (CI95%: 0.56; 0.05). This approach also indicated significant lagged effects for all pollutants. In the end, this study observed that the children between 6 and 8 years old were the most vulnerable to pollution effects. These findings in the thesis suggest that air pollution due to biomass burning is associated to PEF reduction in children and teenagers between the ages of 6 and 15, living in the Brazilian Amazon.
Basso, Renato Gioielli. "Estratégia de planejamento de produção e os sistemas ERP em ambientes sujeitos ao fenômeno hockey-stick." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-19072016-120435/.
Повний текст джерелаThe highly competitive environment of modern times has put pressure on the decision-making process in the corporate world. The trade-offs of competitive priorities such as cost, quality, service and flexibility are no longer enough. These trade-offs, albeit important in the short term, must be matched so that companies that have the best balance between them should have superior results. One of the tradeoffs widely discussed is the balance between service level and inventory. The perception is that excellence is not likely to be achieved in service without having a significant level of inventory. From this scenario comes the paradox of using MRP systems (Material Requirement Planning) versus JIT systems (Just in Time), or rather \"pushed\" systems versus \"pulled\" systems since the option for one or the other system has a close connection with inventory management. On the one hand, MRP systems are widely used in industry through ERP software; on the other hand, JIT systems have obtained better results. While many companies consider adopting one or another system, some of them adopt a hybrid process with the goal of taking the best of each system and generate superior performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate how companies inserted in markets characterized by sales peak at the end of the month (hockey-stick phenomenon), and low accuracy in demand forecasts, are applying their production planning strategies and their ERP. Low forecast accuracy causes a problem in applying pushed strategies as it requires a high safety stock associated. Conversely, the sales peak hinders the adoption of a purely pull strategy since the system does not have the necessary stability. To meet this goal, six case studies were conducted and the results found and supported by the theory suggest the emergence of an effective hybrid model for planning in the environment studied as well as the appearance of a DSS (Decision Support System). Another contribution of this research was to identify in one of the cases a company that managed to effectively tackle the phenomenon in the root cause, neutralizing its effects.
Nascimento, Eduardo do. "ESTUDO DA DEGRADAÇÃO TERMOMECÂNICA E OXIDATIVA DA BLENDA POLIMÉRICA PEAD/PS." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2011. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1402.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The degradation of polymer blends has been the subject of few scientific studies. Further studies are of great importance for understanding the degradation mechanisms in polymer blends. The degradation of the blend of HDPE / PS was studied as a function of their composition, processing temperature and number of processes. The material was extruded in a twin screw extruder co-rotacional interpenetrating at temperatures of 200, 240 and 280 ° C, reprocessed five times in the compositions of 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 % (w.t) HDPE / PS, in addition to pure materials. An estimate of the distribution curve of molecular weight was made using data from parallel plate rheometry and degradation characteristics of the groups were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformants. The results reveal two distinct regions of behavior in relation to the degradation of the blend. A domain with the mechanism of degradation of PS in which random chain scission occurs without the change in polydispersity, extending from pure PS to blend 50% HDPE / 50% PS. In this region the behavior is closer to the additivity of effects between the pure materials, tending to the field of mechanism of PS and greater balance between the mechanisms in that it increased the concentration of HDPE. It is inferred that this behavior go to about 40% of PS, where nearly co-continuity occurs between the phases. Another region is seen from the 75% HDPE blend. 25% PS to the pure HDPE, where the dominant mechanism is HDPE, with predominant chain branching and polydispersity increased at lower temperatures, in this case 200 ° C, and high rise of chain scission at higher temperatures, 280 ° C. In this region there is a synergistic effect towards the mechanism of HDPE, i.e. the addition of 25% of BP leads to a show very similar behavior to that of pure HDPE, distinguishing the effect of additivity. There is greater resistance to oxidation, synergistic effect, especially in the composition of 75% HDPE/PS 25% attributed to the dispersed morphology of the blends in this composition.
A degradação de blendas poliméricas tem sido alvo de poucos trabalhos científicos. Estudos mais aprofundados são de grande importância para o entendimento dos mecanismos de degradação em misturas de polímeros. A degradação da blenda PEAD/PS foi estudada em função da sua composição, temperatura de processamento e número de processamentos. O material foi extrudado numa extrusora dupla rosca corrotacional interpenetrantes nas temperaturas de 200, 240 e 280 °C, reprocessada cinco vezes nas composições de 25/75, 50/50 e 75/25 % (g/g) PEAD/PS, além dos materiais puros. Uma estimativa da curva de distribuição de massa molar foi feita através de dados de reometria de placas paralelas e os grupos característicos da degradação foram analisados por espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier. Os resultados revelam duas regiões de comportamentos distintos em relação à degradação da blenda. Uma com domínio do mecanismo de degradação do PS, no qual ocorre cisão aleatória das cadeias sem a variação da polidispersão, estendendo-se do PS puro até a blenda 50 % PEAD/ 50% PS. Nesta região o comportamento fica mais próximo à aditividade dos efeitos entre os materiais puros, tendendo para o domínio do mecanismo do PS e maior equilíbrio entre os mecanismos na medida em que é aumentada a concentração de PEAD. Infere-se que este comportamento siga até cerca de 40 % de PS, aproximadamente onde ocorre a cocontinuidade entre as fases. Outra região é vista a partir da blenda 75 % PEAD. 25 % PS até o PEAD puro, onde o mecanismo dominante é o do PEAD, apresentando preponderante ramificação de cadeia e aumento da polidispersão em menores temperaturas, neste caso 200 °C, e elevado aumento da cisão de cadeia em temperaturas maiores, 280 °C. Nesta região encontra-se um efeito sinérgico no sentido do mecanismo do PEAD, ou seja, a adição de 25 % de PS mostra conduz a um comportamento muito próximo ao de PEAD puro, distinguindo-se d efeito da aditividade. Há uma maior resistência à oxidação, efeito sinérgico, principalmente na composição 75 % PEAD. 25 % PS atribuído à morfologia dispersa da blenda nessa composição.
Silva, Rogerio Carvalho da. "Impacto de 4 semanas de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre variáveis fisiológicas determinantes da aptidão aeróbia e a estratégia de corrida adotada durante um teste contra-relógio de 5 km." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39134/tde-06022014-074535/.
Повний текст джерелаPacing strategy has been defined as the manner by which the runners distribute their speed during a competition. In order to optimize the use of the energetic resources, as well as improve the general race performance, during a 5-km running race, athletes usually adopt a pacing strategy characterized by a fast start (400 m), followed by a period of slower speed during the middle (400 4600 m), and a significant increase in running speed during the last part of the race (400 m). It is well recognized that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed along 3 to 6 weeks is able to promote significant improvements in physiological variables determinants of endurance performance, such as VO2max, RE, PTS, and OBLA. Since athletes monitor their RPE based on the internal (physiological) and external (environment) signals, and change their running speed in order to prevent a premature exercise termination, its believed that improvements in such physiological variables could enable athletes to modify the pacing strategy. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the pacing strategy adopted by runners during a 5-km running time-trial (T5). Twenty male, recreational long-distance runners were randomly assigned into control group (CG, n = 10) or high-intensity interval-training group (HIITG, n = 10). The HIITG performed a high-intensity interval-training session twice per week, while CG maintained its regular training program. Before and after the training period, the runners performed the following tests: 1) an incremental exercise test to exhaustion to measure the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and peak treadmill speed (PTS); 2) a submaximal speed-constant test to measure the running economy (RE); 3) a 5-km running time-trial on an outdoor track to establish pacing strategy. HIIT program produced a relevant improvement on the VO2max (effect size = 0.219), OBLA (effect size = 0.489), RE (effect size = -0.593), and PTS (effect size = 0.622). There were no significant differences on pacing strategy, TT5, ST5 and RPE response during the 5-km running time-trial between both conditions (pre- and post-training) or between groups (HIITG and CG; P > 0.05). These findings suggest that improvements on the physiological variables induced by a 4-week HIIT program are not accompanied by similar modifications on the RPE and running pacing strategy during a 5-km running time-trial
Soares, Viviane. "Influência do treinamento muscular inspiratório sobre a função respiratória e qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálisee a relação com a composição corporal e com a capacidade aeróbia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3987.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its treatment, hemodialysis, favors the increase of comorbidities to patients and the protein-energy malnutrition is the main complication, with consequent wasting of muscle tissue that reduce muscle strength, lung function and oxygenation of body tissues resulting in poor functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life of these patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare body composition between hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects, to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness by oxygen uptake ( peak VO2 ) and the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory function and quality of life of male patients on hemodialysis. A clinical trial was conducted with 62 patients, aged 22-71 years. Body composition was estimated by vectorial bioelectrical impedance and anthropometric measures. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by manometer to obtain the maximal inspiratory (Pimax) and expiratory pressures (Pemax). Pulmonary function and classification of respiratory disorders were examined by spirometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise test performed on a treadmill using the Bruce protocol which was adapted to estimate peak oxygen uptake ( peak OV 2 ). The aspects of quality of life were assessed by questionnaire KDQOL - SF (Kidney Disease Quality of Life - Short Form). The IMT was held for six months during the sessions and always at the first two hours of hemodialysis. Two training devices were used: a specific trainer and a respiratory incentive associated with two breathing exercises. The respiratory function of patients was evaluated before, during and after the inspiratory muscle training. The results were presented in three studies. In the first study, the comparison of body composition between hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects indicated differences for triceps skin fold (p<0.001) and arm circumference (p<0.001), but not for arm muscle circumference and area. The vectorial bioelectrical impedance indicated patients in dehydration and reduced body cell mass when compared with healthy subjects. In the second study was analyzed the usefulness of respiratory parameters to detect patients with poor functional capacity ( peak OV 2 below 70 % of predicted). The Pimax (β=-0.037, p=0.014) and percentage of predicted forced vital capacity - FVC % (β=-0.056, p=0.025) were significant to identify patients with poor functional capacity predictors and the ROC curve established cutoff points for MIP (<74 cmH2O) and % FVC (<79%). In the third study were verified the effects of IMT on respiratory muscle strength, lung function and quality of life of hemodialysis patients. After training muscle strength was found significant increase in respiratory strength in both groups. The group that used incentive spirometry had greater increment to inspiratory strength (39.80%) than the group that used the specific trainer (28.30%). The aspects related to quality of life, found significant differences for the dimensions cognitive function (p=0.03), sexual function (p=0.009) and social function (p=0.04) in the group that trained with specific trainer, and to physical function (p=0.03) in the group that trained with incentive spirometry. The results of this study show that male patients in hemodialysis exhibit differences in body composition when compared with healthy subjects; inspiratory muscle strength and percent of vital capacity predicted for age can be used as predictors of poor functional capacity in this group of patients; and finally, inspiratory muscle training improved inspiratory muscle strength and aspects related to the quality of life of the two trained groups.
A doença renal crônica (DRC) e o seu tratamento, hemodiálise, estão associados com o surgimento de comorbidades, tais como, alterações hormonais, aumento da resposta inflamatória, as doenças cardiovasculares e a desnutrição energético-protéica, com consequente perda de tecido muscular. Essa perda reduz a força muscular respiratória e a função pulmonar e culmina na reduzida capacidade funcional, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e qualidade de vida destes pacientes. Considerando o exposto acima, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição corporal, a capacidade aeróbia e os efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) sobre a função respiratória e a qualidade de vida de pacientes do sexo masculino, submetidos à hemodiálise. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico com 62 pacientes, com idade entre 22-71 anos. A composição corporal foi estimada pelas medidas antropométricas e bioimpedância vetorial. A força muscular respiratória foi avaliada a partir da manovacuometria para obtenção das pressões inspiratória (Pimax) e expiratória máximas (Pemax). A função pulmonar e a classificação dos distúrbios ventilatórios foram examinadas pela espirometria. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi avaliada pelo teste de esforço cardiopulmonar, realizado em esteira e com a utilização do protocolo de Bruce que foi adaptado para estimar o consumo de oxigênio de pico ( pico OV 2 ). Os aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida foram avaliados pelo questionário KDQOL-SF (Kidney Disease Quality of life – Short Form). O treinamento inspiratório foi realizado por seis meses durante as sessões e sempre nas primeiras duas horas da hemodiálise. Dois dispositivos de treinamento foram utilizados: um treinador específico e um incentivador respiratório associado a dois exercícios respiratórios. Os pacientes foram examinados quanto à função respiratória antes, durante e após o treinamento muscular inspiratório. Os resultados foram apresentados em três estudos. No primeiro estudo a comparação da composição corporal de pacientes em hemodiálise com a de sujeitos saudáveis indicaram diferenças para dobra cutânea tricipital (p<0,001) e circunferência de braço (p<0,001), mas, nenhuma para circunferência e área muscular de braço. A análise da bioimpedância vetorial indicou pacientes em estado de desidratação e redução de massa celular. No segundo estudo foi analisada a utilidade de parâmetros respiratórios para detectar pacientes com pobre capacidade funcional ( pico OV 2 abaixo de 70% do predito). A Pimax (β=-0,037; p=0,014) e a porcentagem predita da capacidade vital forçada - %CVF (β=-0,056; p=0,025) foram considerados preditores significativos para identificar os pacientes com pobre capacidade funcional e a curva ROC estabeleceu os pontos de corte para Pimax (<74 cmH2O) e %CVF (<79%). No terceiro estudo foram verificados os efeitos do TMI sobre função respiratória e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes em hemodiálise. Após o treinamento a força inspiratória aumentou, significativamente, nos dois grupos. O grupo que usou o incentivador respiratório teve maior incremento de força inspiratória (39,80%) que o grupo que utilizou o treinador específico (28,30%). Quanto à qualidade de vida, foram encontradas diferenças significativas para as dimensões função cognitivas (p=0,03), função sexual (p=0,009) e função social (p=0,04) no grupo que treinou com dispositivo específico; e para a dimensão função física (p=0,03) no grupo que treinou com incentivador respiratório. Conclui-se que os pacientes, do sexo masculino, em hemodiálise apresentam diferenças na composição corporal quando comparados com sujeitos saudáveis; a Pimax e a %CVF predita para idade podem ser utilizadas como preditores de pobre capacidade funcional nesse grupo de pacientes; e por último, o TMI melhorou de forma significativa a força inspiratória e os aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida dos dois grupos treinados.
Marçal, Rafael [UNESP]. "Avaliação da permeabilidade em geomembranas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98073.
Повний текст джерелаConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
As geomembranas são materiais poliméricos que possuem reduzida condutividade hidráulica e sua função principal é a de impermeabilizar e desviar o fluxo de líquidos ou gases. A eficiência das geomembranas como barreiras para controle e desvio de fluxo está diretamente relacionada com a integridade da sua superfície. Dessa maneira, suas propriedades de permeação são extremamente importantes não somente em aterros, mas em obras hidráulicas, de contenção ou que necessitem garantir a estanqueidade. O estudo e a compreensão desses parâmetros possibilitam aos projetistas a compreensão dos fenômenos de infiltração, fugas, vazamentos e transporte difusivo que por ventura possam ocorrer em campo. Dessa forma, esse trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre os parâmetros de permeação e difusão de geomembranas em laboratório para análise e entendimento dessas propriedades em materiais intactos, expostos à radiação ultravioleta e aos efeitos da temperatura em estufa e que apresentem defeitos como micro furos (furos com dimensão menor que a espessura da geomembrana) e furos que possam facilitar o aumento do fluxo, além da avaliação da permeabilidade e processo difusivo aos hidrocarbonetos. Foram realizados diversos ensaios empregando-se um procedimento muito utilizado em geomembranas para determinação da permeabilidade em laboratório, que é a Razão de Transmissão de Vapor d’Água. Diante dos resultados, nota-se, por exemplo, que dentre os processos de degradação, a influência dos danos nas geomembranas é mais significativa do que o próprio efeito da exposição à intempérie provocada no decorrer do tempo, haja vista que um furo de 3,0 mm foi mais significativo no aumento do valor da permeabilidade do que o envelhecimento aos raios UV por 12 anos. O método utilizado na avaliação do processo difusivo...
Geomembranes are polymeric materials that have low hydraulic conductivity and its main function is to insulate and divert the flow of liquids or gases. The efficiency of geomembranes as barriers to control and diversion of flow is directly related to the integrity of its surface. Thus, their permeation properties are extremely important not only in landfills, but in hydraulic works, containment, or who need to ensure tightness. The study and understanding of these parameters allow designers to understand the effects of infiltration, leaks, spills, and diffusive transport that might occur by chance in the field. Thus, this paper presents a study on the parameters of permeation and diffusion of geomembranes in the laboratory for analysis and understanding of these properties in intact materials exposed to ultraviolet radiation and effects of temperature in the greenhouse and they have defects such as micro holes (holes dimension less than the thickness of the geomembrane) and holes which can facilitate flow increases, besides the evaluation of permeability and diffusion process for hydrocarbons. Several trials were conducted employing a procedure commonly used in geomembranes to determine the permeability in the laboratory, which is the ratio of Water Vapor Transmission. The results showed, for instance, that among the degradation processes, the influence of damage on geomembranes is more significant than the actual effect of exposure to atmospheric conditions caused over time, given that a hole of 3.0 mm was more significant increase in the permeability value than the UV aging for 12 years. The method used to evaluate the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Marçal, Rafael. "Avaliação da permeabilidade em geomembranas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) /." Ilha Solteira, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98073.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Edson Pereira Tangerino
Banca: Fagundes Júnio René Toledo
Resumo: As geomembranas são materiais poliméricos que possuem reduzida condutividade hidráulica e sua função principal é a de impermeabilizar e desviar o fluxo de líquidos ou gases. A eficiência das geomembranas como barreiras para controle e desvio de fluxo está diretamente relacionada com a integridade da sua superfície. Dessa maneira, suas propriedades de permeação são extremamente importantes não somente em aterros, mas em obras hidráulicas, de contenção ou que necessitem garantir a estanqueidade. O estudo e a compreensão desses parâmetros possibilitam aos projetistas a compreensão dos fenômenos de infiltração, fugas, vazamentos e transporte difusivo que por ventura possam ocorrer em campo. Dessa forma, esse trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre os parâmetros de permeação e difusão de geomembranas em laboratório para análise e entendimento dessas propriedades em materiais intactos, expostos à radiação ultravioleta e aos efeitos da temperatura em estufa e que apresentem defeitos como micro furos (furos com dimensão menor que a espessura da geomembrana) e furos que possam facilitar o aumento do fluxo, além da avaliação da permeabilidade e processo difusivo aos hidrocarbonetos. Foram realizados diversos ensaios empregando-se um procedimento muito utilizado em geomembranas para determinação da permeabilidade em laboratório, que é a Razão de Transmissão de Vapor d'Água. Diante dos resultados, nota-se, por exemplo, que dentre os processos de degradação, a influência dos danos nas geomembranas é mais significativa do que o próprio efeito da exposição à intempérie provocada no decorrer do tempo, haja vista que um furo de 3,0 mm foi mais significativo no aumento do valor da permeabilidade do que o envelhecimento aos raios UV por 12 anos. O método utilizado na avaliação do processo difusivo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Geomembranes are polymeric materials that have low hydraulic conductivity and its main function is to insulate and divert the flow of liquids or gases. The efficiency of geomembranes as barriers to control and diversion of flow is directly related to the integrity of its surface. Thus, their permeation properties are extremely important not only in landfills, but in hydraulic works, containment, or who need to ensure tightness. The study and understanding of these parameters allow designers to understand the effects of infiltration, leaks, spills, and diffusive transport that might occur by chance in the field. Thus, this paper presents a study on the parameters of permeation and diffusion of geomembranes in the laboratory for analysis and understanding of these properties in intact materials exposed to ultraviolet radiation and effects of temperature in the greenhouse and they have defects such as micro holes (holes dimension less than the thickness of the geomembrane) and holes which can facilitate flow increases, besides the evaluation of permeability and diffusion process for hydrocarbons. Several trials were conducted employing a procedure commonly used in geomembranes to determine the permeability in the laboratory, which is the ratio of Water Vapor Transmission. The results showed, for instance, that among the degradation processes, the influence of damage on geomembranes is more significant than the actual effect of exposure to atmospheric conditions caused over time, given that a hole of 3.0 mm was more significant increase in the permeability value than the UV aging for 12 years. The method used to evaluate the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Gomes, Patrícia Mafalda Esteves. "Contributo para o estudo da influência da fertilização na incidência de estenfiliose em pereira Rocha." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10925.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a more balanced fertilization on the incidence and severity of Brown Spot disease of ‘Rocha’ pear, caused by the fungus Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) E. Simmons (teleomorph Pleospora allii (Rabenh.) Ces. & de Not.). The evolution of symptoms was observed on two Rocha pear orchards located in Torres Vedras (A) and Mafra (B) during the growing season of 2013. These orchards were subjected to two different fertilization strategies. Incidence and severity of the disease were observed at harvest and after storage in normal atmosphere from October to March. The treatment called ‘rational’ had more potassium nitrate and boron applied through fertigation, as well as, more NPK and micronutrients through foliar applications, comparatively to the treatment referred to as ‘conventional’. At harvest, orchard A registered a disease incidence equal to 21.3% after rational treatment and 8.7% after the conventional one. On the other hand, orchard B showed 10% incidence after rational and 9.9% after conventional fertilization. Besides, in orchard A the incidence of disease after fruit storage was 6.5% following rational and 3.4% following conventional fertilizations. In orchard B the incidence was 5.7% after rational treatment and 4.8% after the conventional one. Significant differences between treatments were only found in orchard A. After conventional treatment orchard A had a yield of 48.7 t/ha, whereas after rational treatment the yield was equal to 42.3 t/ha. In orchard B the yield was 32.4 t/ha after rational and 28.6 t/ha after conventional fertilization. In both orchards the occurrence of approximately one spot per fruit was observed; however the severity of the disease was not found significantly different between treatments and orchards.
Mezaroba, Cristiane. "Esterilização por plasma do polímero PEAD através da descarga RF E N2-O2." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2017. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2303.
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CAPES
Plasma sterilization present effective and extensive microbial lethality, fast action, compatibility with various materials, high diffusion through porous substances and are non-polluting systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the inductive RF plasma and N2-O2 mixture is efficient for use in sterilization of polymer medical-hospital and dental materials, represented in this study by the polymer HDPE. It was also the objective of this study to evaluate the possible superficial modifications of HDPE after sterilization. HDPE films were used with spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus, with ≅5,73x107 UFC/film. In the microbiological tests were used 20W and 40W power, 0.5 Torr pressure and exposure times of 2,5,10,15 and 20 minutes. Low temperature was maintained (T<40°C), and the results demonstrated sterilization efficiency. The samples were characterized by contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy field emission (FEG-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the "Attenuated Total Reflectance" (FTIR-ATR) mode. The active species formed in plasma were identified by a system of optical emission spectroscopy (OES).
A esterilização por plasma têm oferecido vantagens em relação a outros métodos à baixa temperatura utilizados, a começar por alta eficácia e abrangente letalidade microbiana, ação rápida, compatibilidade com vários materiais, alta difusibilidade e é um sistema não poluente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se o plasma RF indutivo (ICP) e mistura de N2-O2 é eficiente para uso em esterilização de materiais poliméricos médico-hospitalares e odontológicos, representado neste estudo pelo polímero PEAD. Também foi objetivo deste trabalho avaliar as possíveis modificações superficiais do PEAD após a esterilização. Foram utilizados filmes de PEAD com esporos de Geobacillus stearothermophilus, com ≅5,73x107 UFC/filme. Nos testes microbiológicos foram utilizadas potências de 20W e 40W, pressão de 0,5 Torr e tempos de exposição de 2,5,10,15 e 20 minutos. Foi mantida baixa temperatura (T<40°C), e os resultados demonstraram eficiência de esterilização. Os filmes de PEAD após esterilização foram caracterizados por medidas do ângulo de contato, microscopia de força atômica (AFM), microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo (FEG-MEV) e espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier no modo “Refletância Total Atenuada” (FTIR-ATR). As espécies ativas formadas no plasma foram identificadas por um sistema de espectroscopia óptica de emissão (OES).
Zeferino, Rodrigo Machado. "Avaliação da modificação de PEAD com vinil-trimetóxi-silano(VTMS) por extrusão reativa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70460.
Повний текст джерелаThe polyethylene (PE) chemical modification through crosslinking process allows it to be used in applications which demand high temperatures, and also produce some higher mechanical-physical propertie material. In this context, the graphitized high density polyethylene (HDPE) with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and vinyl-trimethoxy-silane (VTMS) were evaluated by reactive extrusion process in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Graphitized samples were characterized by melt flow index, x-ray fluorescence, FTIR, gel content and equilibrium swelling. Analyses results analyzes showed a decrease in melt flow index and, consequently, a higher viscosity by increasing the concentrations of DCP and VTMS. Silicon content results indicate that the silicon added to the process was practically all embedded in the polymeric matrix, even in cases of lower peroxide concentration and highest VTMS concentration. After the crosslinking process, samples were characterized by gel content, hot-set and Izod impact strength. The analyzes results showed high levels of gels, low elongation under load at 200 °C and 100% elastic recovery after cessation of strength. It was also observed the samples curing time influence on the gel content results, indicating a significant increase in the results on curing times. Mechanical properties evaluation of the crosslinked materials had a significant impact resistance increase at -20 °C and 23 °C. This way, it is evident that the crosslinked HDPE has great mechanical properties and can be explored in new market applications. Besides this, the conventional techniques of processability and low cost can contribute for researches and innovation in this area.
Ribeiro, Joana Sofia Santos Vidal. "Influência dos sistemas de condução e da prohexadiona-cálcio na produtividade da pereira Rocha." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4186.
Повний текст джерелаVegetative and reproductive aspects of 5 year old orchard of Rocha 'pear on Sydo rootstock trained in Vertical Axis, Palmette with 3 axes, Solaxe and Tatura systems were evaluated. Yield per hectare showed a large increase in 2011 compared with 2010, Vertical axis yield 88 tha-1, Palmette 66 tha-1, Solaxe 76 tha-1and Tatura 84 tha-1. Fruit thinning was not done. Palmette was the system whose branches had lower cross-sectional area and length, lower fruit production and lower fruit set and fruit drop, however it was the only one with the highest percentage (52%) of fruit diameter greater than 60 mm. Average fruit diameter was similar for Vertical Axis, Solaxe and Tatura (50.1, 50.2 and 48.3 mm) and statistically different for the Palmette system (53.6 mm). Highest values of TSS of the fruits were observed for the Palmette (12.1%) and Tatura (11.7%) and lowest for the vertical axis (11.6%) and Solaxe systems (11.2%). Prohexadione-calcium (150 gha-1) did not have an effect on the number, length and diameter of crowned brindles; the observed differences were due to the training systems. In the 5th year, the orchard has had positive net income, not considering fruit size and TSS, the most profitable is the Vertical Axis and the less profitable is the Palmette system.
Cabral, Isabel Cavalcanti. "Obten??o e caracteriza??o de comp?sito com PEAD reciclado e p? da casca da semente da planta Sombreiro (Clitoria fairchildiana)." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA MEC?NICA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22085.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Atualmente vem crescendo a necessidade de aproveitamento dos res?duos gerados pela popula??o, como forma de criar materiais alternativos e de baixo custo, contribuindo assim para preserva??o do meio ambiente e aproveitamento dos recursos naturais. A fabrica??o de comp?sitos refor?ados com fibras vegetais e matriz polim?rica, tem sido uma alternativa para as ind?strias que buscam o aproveitamento de res?duos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um comp?sito polim?rico com rejeito de polietileno como matriz e carga do p? da casca da semente da planta Sombreiro (Clitoria fairchildiana) nas propor??es de 2,5% e 5%, mostrando que pol?meros p?s consumo podem ser novamente aproveitados. As misturas pol?mero/carga foram produzidas atrav?s de uma extrusora, e em seguida os corpos de prova foram moldados por inje??o. Para caracterizar o comp?sito foram realizadas an?lises t?rmicas, medida do ?ndice de fluidez, determina??o da densidade, ensaio de dureza Shore D, resist?ncia ? tra??o, resist?ncia ao impacto Izod, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e absor??o de ?gua. Para os resultados reol?gicos, a viscosidade do comp?sito PE_rec A (Polietileno com adi??o de 2,5% de carga) diminuiu, j? o PE_rec B (Polietileno com adi??o de 5% de carga) aumentou. A massa especifica se manteve constante para todas as amostras e concentra??es. Como esperado a dureza do comp?sito foi proporcional ao percentual de carga que foi acrescentado, j? na resist?ncia m?xima a tra??o o comp?sito PE_rec A obteve um valor 2,3% menor comparado ao PE_rec Puro, o ensaio de impacto Izod mostrou que o comp?sito PE_rec A apresentou 444,30 J/m de energia absorvida durante o ensaio. Na an?lise por MEV foram observados a presen?a de vazios na microestrutura do material e a falta de ades?o matriz/carga em algumas regi?es do comp?sito polim?rico. O ensaio de absor??o de ?gua mostrou que para as duas concentra??es de carga natural o p? se mostrou n?o muito hidrof?lico. Com isso os resultados obtidos mostraram que o Polietileno reciclado pode ser processado novamente e o acr?scimo de carga ao comp?sito promoveu um ganho de economia de material sint?tico.
Currently it has increased the need for recovery of waste generated by the population as a way to create alternative and low-cost materials, thus contributing to preserving the environment and use of natural resources. The manufacture of composites reinforced with natural fibers and polymer matrix, has been an alternative for industries seeking the recovery of waste. The aim of this study was to develop a polymeric composite tailings as polyethylene matrix and load powder seed bark Sombreiro plant (Clitoria fairchildiana) in the proportions of 2.5% and 5%, showing that post-consumer polymers can be again used. Mixtures polymer / load were produced through an extruder, and then the samples were injection molded. To characterize the composite were performed thermal analysis, measurement of flow rate, density determination, hardness testing Shore D, tensile strength, Izod impact strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water absorption. For the rheological results, the viscosity of the composite PE_rec (polyethylene with addition of 2.5% load) has decreased since the PE_rec B (Polyethylene with addition of 5% load) has increased. The bulk density was kept constant for all samples and concentrations. As expected the hardness of the composite was proportional to the load percentage that has been added since the maximum tensile strength the PE_rec The composite obtained a 2.3% lower compared to PE_rec Pure, the Izod impact test showed that the composite PE_rec The presented 444.30 J/m energy absorbed during the test. In the analysis by SEM were observed the presence of voids in the microstructure of the material and the lack of adhesion matrix / load in some regions of the polymer composite. The water absorption test showed that for both natural load concentrations powder proved not very hydrophilic. Thus the results showed that the recycled polyethylene can be processed again and the composite load increase promoted a gain of synthetic material economy.
Luís, Miguel José Santos. "Avaliação da qualidade da 'Pera Rocha' durante a conservação em atmosfera controlada." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31790.
Повний текст джерелаTSAI, DAVID. "Aplicação da radiação por feixe de elétrons como agente esterilizante de microrganismos em substrato turfoso." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11407.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Fortini, Marcela Marques. "Questões de identidade no Hip-Hop norte-americano: um estudo da banda Black Eyed Peas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-17102011-102502/.
Повний текст джерелаThis research ivestigates the process of meaning meaking/ signifyin(g) in the musical work of a North-american hip-hop band: Black Eyed Peas, founded in the decade of 1980, in the United States of America. This investigation is based on the identity questions discussed by the hip-hop themes, as well as the reelaboration/revisionism that this specific band shows about elements considered essences in the gender studied. Yet, this research intends a better understanding of the matters involved in the popular and racial artistic creation and its relation with the mass theories, in order to analyse its potencial of political resistance, criativity and protest.
Ziede, Mariangela Kraemer Lenz. "A (re)construção da docência na educação a distância : um estudo de caso no PEAD." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/94767.
Повний текст джерелаThis research aimed to analysis as was the ( re ) construction of teaching in a group of teachers who served in two or more axes of the Distance Education Course, of the UFRGS. The study was developed from Piaget's theoretical construct of awareness, considering five categories constitutive of the teaching context of PEAD ( i ) pedagogical proposal developed for interdisciplinary , ( ii ) use of technology for the development of the proposal; ( iii ) interaction of the teaching staff , ( iv ) interaction with tutors , and ( v ) interaction with students - teachers. Data collection was carried out from the records of teachers in the course and interviews in which we used the clinical method. Data were organized with the support of research software called NVivo and analyzed according to levels of Consciousness.The analyzes from the categories defined for this study allowed the identification of trajectories of teachers in their first experiences as teacher educators, in a distance course. We conclude that the experiences of teachers in the course favored the construction of knowledge and ( re ) construction of teaching as the course provided an opportunity for teachers experiences of networking and use of digital technologies that have been incorporated into their practices , whether held at a distance or even attending.
Trindade, Sofia Margarida Alves. "Valorização da cultura da Figueira-da-Índia (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)Mill) produzida no Alentejo: frutos e cladódios." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29917.
Повний текст джерелаDudziak, Elisabeth Adriana. "Lei de inovação e pesquisa acadêmica: o caso PEA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-27072007-173047/.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work is to analyze the Brazilian innovation model, to establish the link between theory, practices and the interventions in the process undertaken by the public power, as from the policies adopted. The dialectic relation between the S,T&I theory and the academic research practices intend to deepen the knowledge on the coherence or not between the intended model (theory/underlying abstraction to the policies) and the appropriate model for the scientific community (theory/underlying abstraction to the practices of academic research). In operational terms, the theoretical approach (analytical perspective) of the subject is drawn on the paradigms of science, technology and innovation: linear, systemic and complex. The normative focus is on the Law of Innovation n. 10,973 and possible impacts of its adoption into the academic environment. The focus is on research activities flexibility, mobility and work relations in public universities. The Department of Energy and Electric Automation Engineering (PEA) of the Engineering School of the University of Sao Paulo (USP) was chosen as a study object. The USP institutional conditioners and the organization of the research work were analyzed. In the case study, the purpose was to establish the worldview of the researchers, and mental models of research. From these, the relations among practice, theory, and policies were established. In the world-wide theoretical border of studies in S,T&I, there are indications of establishing the complex paradigm, in which sustainability, sustainable innovation and distributed intelligence have a preponderant role. The Brazilian public policies in S,T&I have evidences on the alignment to the competitive systemic paradigm, focused on the companies\' R&D. From the institutional point of view, it can be said that a transition process is in course at USP, led mainly in the mid-level of the administrative processes. Regarding the academic research praxis observed in PEA, there are indications of transition to the complex paradigm. It is concluded that, at the moment, harmonious evolution of the Science, Technology and Innovation systems is not possible, due to lack of alignment among theory, practices and policies.
Junior, Ney Joppert. "Otimização da co-pirólise de gasóleo pesado com embalagens de PEAD pós-uso utilizando planejamento fatorial." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8681.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work it was studied the co-pyrolysis process applied to HDPE plastic package with motor oil residues with Heavy Gas Oil and FCC Catalyst. The main objective of this work was to find the experimental conditions that enhanced the diesel fuel fraction in the pyrolitic oil. Factorial Design Methodology (FDM) was developed to enhance diesel fuel fraction (C9-C23) from waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and heavy gas oil (HGO) through copyrolysis. FDM was used for optimization of the following reaction parameters: temperature, catalyst and HDPE amounts. The HGO amount was constant (2.0 g) in all experiments. The model optimum conditions were determined to be temperature of 550 C, HDPE = 0.20 g and no FCC catalyst. Under such conditions, 94% of pyrolytic oil was recovered, of which diesel fuel fraction was 93% (87% diesel fuel fraction yield), no residue was produced and 6% of noncondensable gaseous/volatile fraction was obtained. Seeking to reduce the cost due to high process temperatures, the impact of using higher catalyst content (25 %) with a lower temperature (500 C) was investigated. Under these conditions, 88% of pyrolytic oil was recovered (diesel fuel fraction yield was also 87%) as well as 12% of the noncondensable gaseous/volatile fraction. No waste was produced in these conditions, being an environmentally friendly approach for recycling the waste plastic. The diesel fuel fraction obtained in this study achieved heating value (44.0 MJ/Kg) similar to commercial diesel oil. This paper demonstrated the usefulness of using FDM to predict and to optimize diesel fuel fraction yield with a great reduction in the number of experiments. Based on experimental results, co-pyrolysis can represent a significant role in future in the recovery of both energetic and organic content of HDPE plastic package with motor oil residues
Machado, Juliana Brandão. "As experiências formadoras da docência : estudo das trajetórias formativas de professoras-cursistas do curso PEAD/UFRG." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72134.
Повний текст джерелаThe world of everyday life is the here and now of human relations, and presents itself to our interpretation of the interpretation, and where they forge their formative experiences. The thesis examines the life world of teachers-students of the Course Undergraduate Education in Distance mode offered by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, between the years 2006 to 2010, to identify and analyze the formative experiences of teaching in relation to the trajectories of the subjects involved in the training process. The main concepts of the thesis is the world of everyday life, from the perspective of Alfred Schütz, formative experience, according to Marie-Christine Josso and ciber-sociality, in the perspective of André Lemos. World of everyday life is the space of human relationships we establish daily, the emerging reality of our experiences, and where they forge reflective schemes of consciousness to the point of transforming an experience into an experience that demarcates the meaning and trajectory of a subject. Formative Experience constitutes the ability to create and recreate, in the scope of training, the meanings of what was learned: learned to do, to be and to think. The ciber-sociality relates to the experience of everyday life made present in the relationships that emerge in the network society. The field research was conducted in two stages: the first, a quantitative approach, investigates the time-use of teachers-students and maps their everyday life. In the second stage analyzes the formative experiences of teaching, from the selection of routine-synthesis profiles of typical and atypical of the population analyzed, totaling eight subjects. The formative experiences were analyzed from the portfolios of the teachers-Learning course participants, retrieving memories-reference from their itineraries individual experiences. Regarding the mapping of everyday teachers, teacher students observe a daily marked by a large contingent of occupations, which reduces the time for leisure and personal care in that it increases the time of study. The imperative of gender demarcating relations. We consider it necessary to develop public policies aimed at training teachers considering training as part of paid work. Regarding formative experiences we analyze in depth the records and realized that they necessarily relate to the world of everyday life of each teachers-students, surpassing the boundaries of the university and the school. Memories-reference presented composed a list of formative experiences highlighted for these subjects. Insofar as the eight subjects respond to the syntheses of recognitions of the population analyzed in the course HDPE / UFRGS, pointed the experiences discussed above as the formative experiences of teaching for teachers, teacher students HDPE / UFRGS. Finally, we highlight the importance of formative experience as we assume the possibility of qualifying teacher training.
Cerquinho, Monteiro Leonardo. "O papel da proteção comercial na cadeia Petroquímica brasileira: o caso do comércio Intraindústria do PEAD." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3736.
Повний текст джерелаEste trabalho avalia o papel da proteção comercial no surgimento, desenvolvimento e limitações da cadeia petroquímica brasileira, em especial na indústria do plástico. Primeiramente é realizada uma análise da literatura sobre o nascimento e evolução da indústria nacional, buscando identificar os elementos que possibilitaram a implantação da cadeia no Brasil, entender a relação entre os elos da cadeia produtiva, verificar os pontos fracos em relação à concorrência internacional e as opções estratégicas para melhorar a competitividade da cadeia com um todo. Posteriormente é realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre o comércio intra-indústria de produtos homogêneos em busca de determinantes e modelos explicativos. Em um terceiro momento, é analisado o comportamento do comércio intra-indústria do polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) do Brasil com os principais parceiros comerciais, onde é possível identificar que a proteção ao mercado interno de resinas possui efeito além da redução das importações. Ao garantir maiores escalas aos produtores nacionais, as barreiras servem de incentivo indireto às exportações, permitindo ao Brasil obter superávits no comércio do PEAD através da prática de dumping. Por outro lado, a proteção comercial ao mercado interno de resinas serve de limitador do desenvolvimento da indústria nacional, pois aumenta a distorção do monopólio e os incentivos para que os produtores de resinas priorizem os ganhos de curto prazo. Isto reduz a competitividade do elo à jusante da cadeia produtiva, os transformadores plásticos. A impossibilidade de investir em tecnologia e inovação impede a expansão do consumo per capita e a agregação de valor às commodities petroquímicas, mantendo uma situação de escalas produtivas insuficientes e instabilidade de preços, extremamente prejudiciais para a indústria petroquímica
Sarot, João Rodrigo. "Análise da distribuição de tensões em implantes dentários de PEEK pelo método de elementos finitos 3D." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/91711.
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O PEEK vem se mostrando um excelente material na substituição do titânio em aplicações ortopédicas. Seus compostos relacionados podem ser fabricados com larga escala de propriedades físicas, mecânicas e de superfície e nos mais diversos formatos. Esta versatilidade abre um novo horizonte de possibilidades no projeto de novos implantes e componentes para reabilitação bucal, especialmente ao se levar em consideração o comportamento biomecânico deste material. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar, por meio do Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF), a distribuição de tensões ao osso de suporte periimplantar em modelos distintos compostos por componentes e implantes de PEEK com 30% de reforço de fibras de carbono (30% CFR-PEEK) e titânio. Nas simulações, com união perfeita entre implante e osso, o 30% CFR-PEEK apresentou maior concentração de tensões no pescoço do implante e osso adjacente devido a sua menor rigidez e maior deformação em relação ao titânio. Implantes e componentes de 30% CFR-PEEK não mostraram vantagens, no que se refere à distribuição de tensões, quando comparados aos implantes e componentes de titânio. PEEK (poly ether ether ketone) has proved to be an excellent material for the titanium substitute in orthopedic applications. Its related composites can be manufactured with many physical, mechanical and surface properties and in several shapes. This versatility opens a new horizon of possibilities in the development of new implants and components for bucal rehab, especially when the biomechanical behavior of this material is taken into consideration. The aim of this study was to compare, using the three-dimensional finite element method, the stress distribution in the peri-implant support bone in distinct models composed by PEEK components and implants with 30% carbon fiber reinforced (30% CFR-PEEK) and titanium. In the simulations, with a perfect bonding between the bone and the implant, the 30% CFR-PEEK presented higher stress concentration in the implant neck and the adjacent bone due to its lower hardness and higher deformation in relation to the titanium. 30% CFR-PEEK implants and components did not show any advantages in relation to the stress distribution when compared to the titanium implants and components.
Júnior, Jorge Paulo Cabral. "Recursos energéticos distribuídos numa rede elétrica: um estudo de caso." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/31356.
Повний текст джерелаA redução das emissões de CO2 na atmosfera, requer apostas em soluções sustentáveis, sendo uma delas a integração de energias renováveis variáveis (ERV) na rede. A transição para sistemas em que existe forte penetração de ERV, exige o aumento de flexibilidade do sistema elétrico. Um dos requisitos para garantir essa flexibilidade, é o armazenamento de energia. O armazenamento de energia permite mitigar vários problemas na rede, entre eles, a duck curve. Foi realizado o estudo sobre o impacto do armazenamento no diagrama de carga da subestação São João, em Coimbra, na presença de geração fotovoltaica e eólica. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o armazenamento de energia, é um requisito necessário para que o sistema elétrico tenha flexibilidade, após a penetração da geração fotovoltaica distribuída. O armazenamento através da geração eólica na rede, pode auxiliar na redução da rampa do consumo durante o final do dia. Com este método, foi possível diminuir o efeito duck curve, através do peak shaving. A maioria da energia eólica armazenada foi durante o dia, em que existe consumo reduzido na rede, devido à massiva geração fotovoltaica. Quanto maior for a geração eólica, nos períodos de baixo consumo, maior é a necessidade do armazenamento.
The reduction of carbon pollutions requires betting on sustainable solutions, one of them is the integration of variable renewable energies (VRE) in the grid. The transition to systems where there is a higher penetration of VRE, requires increased power system flexibility. One of the requirements to ensure this flexibility is energy storage. Energy storage enables mitigate several problems on the grid, including the duck curve. The study of the impact of storage on the load diagram of the São João substation, in Coimbra, in the presence of photovoltaic and wind production was carried out. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the storage of energy, is a necessary requirement for the electrical system to have flexibility, after integration of distributed photovoltaic production. Wind production and storage system can help reduce the ramp consumption during the end of the day, where there is no photovoltaic production. It was possible to decrease the effect caused by duck curve, through peak shaving. Most of the wind energy stored was during the day, when the consumption in the grid is low, due massive photovoltaic production. Increased wind production requires increased storage capacity.
Fernandes, Ramon Salvan. "Avaliação dos efeitos da esterilização por radiação gama na eficiência da ação antimicrobiana de poliamida 6 e PEAD aditivados com agentes antimicrobianos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/128879.
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Desde as descobertas de Pasteur, a humanidade vem buscando formas de controlar os micro-organismos presentes no meio ambiente seja para uso nas indústrias farmacêuticas e alimentícias, quanto para o controle de pragas e doenças. Na verdade, esse último é o fator que mais tem promovido o desenvolvimento das técnicas antimicrobianas no mundo. A esterilização dos produtos é a opção mais eficiente de controle antimicrobiano, uma vez que elimina todos os micro-organismos presentem em um ambiente, seja uma embalagem de alimento ou um produto médico. No entanto, muitas vezes a esterilização não é suficiente para garantir a segurança de um produto, pois uma vez aberta a embalagem, o produto é exposto as micro-organismo presentes no ar (ou na água) contaminando o material e muitas vezes iniciando um processo de deterioração. Nestes casos, o uso de agentes antimicrobianos em produtos esterilizados ajuda a promover uma maior vida útil dos produtos, em especial alimentos e materiais de uso hospitalar, uma vez que reduz significativamente a chance de contaminação (inclusive contaminação cruzada) durante o manuseio ou armazenamento destes produtos depois de abertos. No entanto, estudos recentes indicam que o triclosan, um dos principais agentes antimicrobianos utilizados, pode sofrer degradação quando exposto a radiação y. Além disso, possíveis efeitos tóxicos podem restringir seu uso a produtos médico-hospitalares. Baseado nisso, esse trabalho for realizado avaliando-se o efeito da esterilização por radiação y, em amostras de poliamida 6 (PA6) e no polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), aditivados com dois agentes antimicrobianos, o Triclosan, destinado a produtos médico-hospitalares e um vidro dopado com Zn, visando à utilização em embalagens de alimentos e produtos de consumo em geral. Para isso, foram realizados testes qualitativos (difusão em ágar) e quantitativos (Concentração inibitória mínima), procurando analisar o efeito da radiação sobre o poder antimicrobiano dos compostos polímero/aditivo. Por fim, foram testados os aditivos puros, irradiados com a mesma quantidade de radiação (25kGy) e testados através de uma nova técnica experimental, desenvolvida especialmente para esse trabalho, que se baseia na alteração da curva de atenuação de uma solução de sacarose, por leveduras da família Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, na presença de agentes biocidas. Em todos os testes realizados, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos efeitos antimicrobianos dos compostos polímero/aditivo e dos aditivos puros, antes e após a irradiação. Isso que indica que o processo de esterilização por radiação y, pode ser utilizado em associação a aditivação por Triclosan e pelo vidro dopado com Zn, sem perda das propriedades biocidas.
Abstract : Since the discoveries of Pasteur, humanity has been searching for ways to control micro-organisms in environment, or for use in pharmaceutical and food industries, and for control of pests and diseases. Actually, this last is the most important factor that has promoted the development of antimicrobial techniques in the world. The sterilization of products is more effective antimicrobial control option, since it eliminates all micro-organisms present in an environment at, or packaging of food or medical product. However, sterilization is often not sufficient to guarantee the safety of a product, for packing micro-organism present once opened, the product is exposed in air (or water) the polluting material, and initiating a process often deterioration. In these cases, the use of antimicrobial agents in sterile products helps promote longer life products, especially food and materials for hospital use, as it significantly reduces the chance of contamination (including cross-contamination) during handling or storage of these product after opening. However, recent studies indicate that Triclosan, main antimicrobials used, may undergo degradation when exposed to gamma radiation. In addition, possible toxic effects may restrict its use to medical products. Based on that, the work is performed by evaluating the effect of sterilization by gamma radiation on samples of polyamide 6 (PA6) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) with two antimicrobial additives, triclosan, intended for medical products hospital and glass doped with Zn, aimed at use in food packaging and consumer products in general. For this qualitative test (agar diffusion) and quantitative (minimum inhibitory concentration) were conducted, assessing the effect of radiation on the antimicrobial property of compounds polymer/additive. Finally, pure additives tested were irradiated with the same amount of radiation (25kGy) and tested using a new experimental technique, developed specifically for this work, which relies on change of attenuation curve of a sucrose solution by yeast family Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in the presence of biocides. In all tests, no significant differences were found in effects of antimicrobial compounds polymer / additive and the pure additives before and after irradiation. This indicates that the process of sterilization by gamma radiation can be used in combination with the additives of Triclosan and glass doped with Zn, without loss of biocide properties.
Gonçalves, Marta Filipa Dores Martins. "Influência da rega subsuperficial e gota-a-gota na utilização da água , qualidade e produção em pereira (Pyrus communis L.) Rocha. Estudo preliminar." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6560.
Повний текст джерелаWith the aim of comparing the physiologic response, the quality of the fruits and water productivity of a pear orchard irrigated by two different irrigation systems, a field trial was conducted on a 4 year old „Rocha‟ / Sydo pear orchard, irrigated by surface drip and subsurface drip irrigation, during the year 2009/2010. There are no differences in the flower bloom and fruit setting, sugar content and acidity of the fruits between the two irrigation systems, but the surface drip irrigation produced a larger percentage of fruits > 70 mm than subsurface drip irrigation. The subsurface system had lower soil water evaporation (124.8 mm and 148.4 mm for the subsurface system and surface drip, respectively) and increased water productivity (3.82 Kg.m3 for subsurface and 3.09 Kg.m3 for surface drip). For the same amount of water supplied, the subsurface irrigation had a 23.3% higher yield than surface drip, resulting also in a higher dry matter production by water used by the trees. The average cultural coefficient (Kc) of the orchard in the period 8 April to 31 August was 0.96.
Gomes, Joana Beatriz Sousa. "Características do relacionamento social de adultos com PEA – Um estudo a partir da perspetiva de técnicos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30354.
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