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1
Sykora, Jan L., Charles A. Sorber, Walter Jakubowski, Leonard W. Casson, Patrick D. Gavaghan, Maurice A. Shapiro, and M. James Schott. "Distribution of Giardia Cysts in Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (July 1, 1991): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was designed to determine geographic and seasonal distribution of Giardia cysts in wastewater and sludge and their removal by sewage treatment processes. Eleven wastewater treatment plants located in cities across the United States were included in the study. Flow weighted, composite samples of raw and treated wasteWaters and sludges were collected at monthly intervals for a period of one year. The cysts were concentrated by sucrose flotation or by simple centrifugation (“direct count”) and assayed microscopically. Sucrose flotation counts of cysts in the raw sewage were extremely variable producing results ranging from 0.4% to 77.8% of the direct counts. Based on 12 consecutive months of sampling, and using the direct counts, the highest geometric mean Giardia cyst concentrations occurred at the California site (3375 cysts/L), the Florida site (3087 cysts/L) and the Vermont site (2040 cysts/L). The lowest geometric mean Giardia cyst levels were in samples from the Pennsylvania site (642 cysts/L), the Tennessee site (762 cysts/L) and the Maryland site (957 cysts/L). Cyst concentrations in raw sewage were highest in late summer, fall and early winter. Although all raw sewage samples contained cysts, only about one half of the wastewater treatment plant effluents were positive with cyst concentrations ranging up to 44 cysts/L. Based on sucrose flotation counts, the concentrations of cysts detected in the sludges ranged from 70 to 30,000 cysts/L.
2
Sharma, Dharmanjai K., Mukesh Khedar, Mukta Sukhadia, and Deepak Sethi. "A clinical study for preoperative prediction of cyst-biliary communications in hepatic hydatid cyst disease." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20200291.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Cyst-biliary communication with hepatic hydatid cyst disease is responsible for postoperative bile leakage after surgical management. This study aims to detect various predictors of cyst-biliary communication and their predictive accuracy.Methods: This study was done in the patients of hydatid cysts who underwent surgical management for hydatid disease of the liver. Various factors were studied and their accuracy for preoperative prediction of cyst-biliary communication analyzed.Results: There were 38 (22 males, 16 females) patients with hepatic hydatid cysts with a mean age of 38.7±15.4 years. Cyst-biliary communications were detected in 12 patients (31.6%). Independent strong predictors were tenderness in right hypochondrium (p=0.035), total leucocyte count (TLC)>12,000/mm3 (p=0.0017), eosinophil count >5 × 108/l (p=0.0086), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) >15% (p=0.014), segment IV,V,VII involvement and cyst size >10 cms (p=0.01) on multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Cyst-biliary communication is more common in patients presenting with tenderness in right hypochondrium, large cyst size, location in the central segments of liver close to biliary confluence, and with high values of TLC, Eosinophil count and RDW. The predictors demonstrated in this study should allow the likelihood of cyst-biliary communication to be determined preoperatively and, thus, indicate the need for additional procedures during operations to prevent the complications of biliary leakage.
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Kachacha, Sleiman, Said Ibrahim, Georges Kachacha, Loudmilla Ibrahim, Fouad Jreijiri, Toufic Elbeaino, and Elia Choueiri. "Potato Cyst Nematodes Globodera spp. in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon." Lebanese Science Journal 21, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-021.1.054-064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our study was conducted in Bekaa area (Lebanon) to determine the presence and distribution of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera spp. A total of 80 soil samples were collected from 30 different areas. Theoverallegg counts revealed that 39 (79.6%) out of 49, cyst affected soil samples,collected contained eggs. In Zahlé, the count of nematodes in the soil samples revealed that 9 out of 11 samples tested (81.8%) contained cysts nematodes, but only 7 (77.7%) of the cyst contained eggs. The level of infestation of soil sample ranged between 0 and 5.3 eggs/g soil. No nematodes infection was detected in samples collected from Aana, Kamed El Laouz, Kefraya and Khiara. The identity of a newly discovered population of potato cyst nematodeGlobodera pallidaassociated with potato in West Bekaa was established by molecular methods.A set ofthreepolymerase chain reaction (PCR)primers readily identifiedthe presence of G. rostochiensis and G. pallida fromfield samples. The origin of this infestationis unknown. The results of the occurrence and distribution of Globodera spp in each area are discussed.
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Kumar, Pratap, and MR Sandya. "Size of Endometrioma and Number does Influence the Ovarian Reserve: A Prospective Observational Study." International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine 7, no. 1 (2016): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Background Endometriosis is one of the most commonly encountered benign problems in gynecology. Ultrasound and endocrine parameters have been widely accepted as markers of ovarian reserve. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in conjugation with antral follicle counts is now believed to be an excellent measure for detecting ovarian reserve. Surgical approach has a fundamental role in the management of endometriosis. The loss of normal follicles can be studied by histopathological assessment of the cyst wall. The postoperative decline in the ovarian reserve is believed to have a correlation with number of endometriomas and diameter of the cyst wall. Objective This prospective observational study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic cystectomy with respect to number and size of the cyst on ovarian reserve parameters. Materials and methods Fifty patients undergoing laparoscopic endometrioma cystectomy were analyzed. Cysts of <5cm and >5cm and the number of cysts were studied. Statistical analysis was done using Mauchly's test of sphericity. Anti-Mullerian hormone and antral follicle count were estimated prior to and 1 month after surgery. Pre- and postoperative values were compared and analyzed with respect to number and size of endometrioma. Observation and results There was an overall drop of AMH from 3.8 ± 3.01 to 2.67 ± 1.92 ng/ml (p < 0.001). The mean AMH in bilateral and unilateral endometrioma was 2.9 ± 1.7 and 3.9 ± 3.17 ng/ml respectively. Anti-Mullerian hormone dropped from 4.53 ± 3.4 to 3.19 ± 2.18 with <5 cm cyst compared with 2.4 ± 1.2 to 1.7 ± 0.85 with >5 cm cyst (p < 0.01). Overall drop in AFC was 5.17 ± 1.44 and 3.61 ± 1.61 pre- and postoperative respectively (p < 0.01). Mean drop in AFC was 2.2 and 1.2 in cyst <5 and > 5 cm respectively. Histopathological analysis showed loss of follicles in 25% of the cyst walls. This was correlating with the drop in both AMH and AFC postoperatively. Conclusion Size and number of cyst does affect ovarian reserve to the effect that smaller and bilateral cyst leads to a greater decline in the same. How to cite this article Sandya MR, Kumar P. Size of Endometrioma and Number does Influence the Ovarian Reserve: A Prospective Observational Study. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(1):14-18.
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Kaba, Metin, Aysegul Oksuz0glu, Omer Ant, Bekir Serdar Unlu, Eren Akbaba, Hakan Timur, and Gulnur Ozaksit. "Mean Platelet Volume Increase in Endometriomas and Benign Ovarian Cysts: A Prospective Case-Controlled Study." Medical Science and Discovery 8, no. 6 (June 29, 2021): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v8i6.549.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The aim of this research is to compare mean platelet volumes (MPV) among women with ovarian endometriomas, women with benign ovarian cysts and infertile women who were otherwise healthy.
Material and Methods: Women were selected for the ovarian endometrioma and benign ovarian cyst group after laparoscopic ovarian cyst excision and confirmed histopathologic evaluation. The control group was assigned from women with male partner infertility or unexplained infertility but who were otherwise healthy. Mean platelet volume calculated as a part of complete blood count, which collected in potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes
Results: There were 98 women in the endometrioma group, 94 in the benign cyst group and 99 in the control group. Mean platelet volume was different among the groups (p<0.01). The mean platelet volume in the infertile group was statistically different than in the endometrioma and benign cyst groups and was similar between the endometrioma and benign cyst groups. When compared with the infertile group, the area under the curve and predictive value of the mean platelet volume for the endometrioma and the benign cyst group were 0.73 ±0.03 fl (p<0.01, CI 0.65-0.80) and 0.72±0.06 fl (p<0.01; CI 0.64-0.79), respectively. Mean platelet volume had a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 63% for endometrioma and sensitivity of 72%, and specificity of 63% for benign cysts at a cut-off point of 9.05 fl.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that mean platelet volume was increased in women with ovarian endometriomas and benign cysts and showed predictive values for endometriomas and benign ovarian cysts.
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Jakubowski, Walter, Jan L. Sykora, Charles A. Sorber, Leonard W. Casson, and Patrick D. Gavaghan. "Determining Giardiasis Prevalence by Examination of Sewage." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (July 1, 1991): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Raw sewage samples were collected monthly for one year from 11 wastewater treatment plants located across the United States. Giardia cyst concentrations in the raw sewage were determined by direct count using criteria of size, shape and the presence of two or more internal morphological characteristics for identification. The data were adjusted based on percentage of industrial wastewater reported processed by each plant. Although differences in the adjusted annual geometric mean cyst concentrations were noted among the sites (the highest was 3750 cysts/L and the lowest was 683 cysts/L), there was no correlation of cyst concentration with geographical location as determined by either latitude or longitude. However, when the three southernmost sites were grouped and compared against the group of all remaining sites, there was a significant difference in the annual geometric mean cyst concentration with the southernmost sites being higher. There was no significant association of geometric mean cyst concentration with size of the wastewater treatment plant as represented by mean daily flow. Attempts were made to obtain and correlate giardiasis cases with the monthly cyst levels at each of the sites. Due to reporting problems, low number of cases or unavailability of data, case information was deemed usable for only four of the 11 sites. A significant positive correlation with cases in the community was found at one site. Lack of correlation at other sites was believed to be due to deficiencies in case reporting. The results suggest that sewage examination may be useful for surveillance of Giardia infections in the community.
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Ting, Lorna Kang Ni, Anuar Idris, and Marina Mat Baki. "Rare cause of voice muffling: pyogenic vallecular cyst." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 9 (September 2022): e250615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-250615.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A vallecular cyst is a benign laryngeal cyst that rarely causes symptoms in adults. We report a rare case of an infected vallecular cyst in a man who is in his 60s with diabetes mellitus. The patient presented to us with acute onset of voice muffling and respiratory distress. He showed signs of sepsis and upper airway obstruction. He had spikes of high-grade fever with an elevated total white cell count (predominantly neutrophil count) and C reactive protein level. Plain cervical X-ray revealed a large, smooth, lobulated mass in the vallecular area. Direct laryngoscopic findings supported the diagnosis of an infected vallecular cyst with suppuration, which originated from the vallecula fossa. The cyst was drained and excised completely, and the pus culture revealed the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The patient responded well to the administration of intravenous cefuroxime for 2 weeks according to the sensitivity and culture test. He was discharged after the completion of the course of antibiotics, having recovered fully. This case illustrates the versatility of a plain cervical X-ray in giving clues about this rare, unexpected pathology.
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Dyab, A. K., M. E. Marghany, R. A. Othman, M. A. Ahmed, and O. H. Abd-Ella. "Hydatidosis of Camels and Sheep Slaughtered in Aswan Governorate, Southern Egypt." Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-3-33-41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Hydatidosis is an infection caused by the cystic larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and common in developing and undeveloped countries. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to studying the infection rate and predilection seats of hydatid cyst affections among slaughtered food animals in Aswan Governorate, southern Egypt and study the effect of age and sex of infected slaughtered animals on the infection with hydatid cyst. Also, study the effect of seasonal variations in the infection with hydatid cyst among slaughtered animals. In addition, the macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy and histopathological studies for the collected hydatid cyst are examined. Methods: This investigation was carried out from August 2015 to July 2016 in two main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate to study the hydatidosis in camels and sheep. By routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization was conducted. Findings: A total of 2080 camels and 674 sheep were examined. Of these, 173 (8.32%) camels and 3 (0.45%) sheep were found to harbour one or more hydatid cysts. Female and older age slaughtered animals were more susceptible to infection with these metacestode than males and younger animals. Hydatid cyst infection in slaughtered animals is most commonly found in lung followed by liver while mixed infection in both lung and liver was found only in camel. Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels was higher in autumn followed by winter, while hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep was found only in autumn season. Fertile cysts in lung and liver of slaughtered camels was 83.4% and 30% respectively. While the fertility of hydatid cyst in infected lung and liver of sheep was 100%. Main conclusions: This study reported that slaughtered animals were infected with relatively high infection rate of hydatid cyst may be due to the presence of socio-economic conditions favourable for the disease and maintenance of high level of infection. So must design governmental control programs against hydatidosis to minimize the infection rate in Aswan Governorate and ensure effective protection not only for animal population but also for humans at risk of contracting the infection.
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Kodzo-Grey Venyo, Anthony. "Simple Cysts of the Kidney: A Review and Update." Journal of Clinical Surgery and Research 3, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-2757/030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based upon radiology imaging features of cysts of the kidney, cysts of the kidney tend to be classified as (a) simple kidney cysts which fall under the sub-classification of Bosniak Category I and II cysts, or (b) complex renal cysts which tend to be classified as belonging to Bosniak Category III and IV cysts, or intermediate category kidney cysts which are sub-classified as belonging to Bosniak Category IIF group of renal cysts. Simple renal cysts represent benign kidney cysts that quite often tend to be asymptomatic so that generally they tend not to require any treatment and they tend to be managed conservatively or expectantly. Nevertheless, if a simple cyst of the kidney becomes symptomatic, it does need to be treated and percutaneous drainage of the kidney cyst combined with sclerotherapy or surgical treatment tends to be selected. Additionally if the size of a simple renal cysts is increasing clinicians often undertake treatment of the cysts to provide reassurance to their patients. There is no global consensus opinion regarding the treatment of simple kidney cysts. Some of the manifestations of simple renal cyst include: (a) Asymptomatic cysts of the kidney that are found incidentally upon radiology imaging investigation of a different condition, (b) a palpable lump/mass in the loin, (c) abdominal / loin pain, (d) hypertension and during investigation of the hypertension the simple cyst or cysts are found, (e) visible haematuria, (f) non-visible haematuria, (g) increasing abdominal girth, (i) loss of appetite, (j) nausea and vomiting, (k) constipation, (l) weight gain and other non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis of simple cysts tend to be undertaken and distinguished from complex renal cysts or cystic renal tumours based upon imaging features of radiology imaging options including non-contrast ultrasound scan of the renal tract, contrast-enhanced ultrasound scan (CEUS) of the renal tract, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the renal tract, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the renal tract, non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the renal tract, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) scan of the renal tract. Treatment options for simple kidney cysts have tended to involve various options including (a) conservative treatment / leave alone, (b) Expectant management with periodical radiology imaging for follow-up assessments, (c) Per-cutaneous aspiration of the kidney cyst(s)/drainage of the cyst(s), percutaneous aspiration / drainage and sclerotherapy of the kidney cysts, (d) selective renal artery angiography and super-selective embolization of the simple renal cyst(s), (e) marsupialization / decortication of the simple renal cysts by the open method or laparoscopy technique, (f) marsupialization / decortication of the simple renal cysts by the open method or laparoscopy technique plus wadding of the operation site with omental / fat interposition, (g) partial nephrectomy by the open or laparoscopy approach to excise the cyst(s), (h) nephrectomy by the open or laparoscopy technique for large simple polycystic kidneys. Complications that could be associated with aspiration / drainage and sclerotherapy of simple renal cysts include bleeding, infection, and pain plus recurrence and persistence of renal cysts and with regard to cysts in the upper pole of the kidney could be ensued by accidental injury to the spleen and basal lung atelectasis. Embolization of the arterial branch of large and multiple renal cysts could also be associated with post-embolization phenomenon (Wunderlich’s syndrome) including general malaise, fever, loss of appetite and raised white blood cell count that may mimic infection as well as last for a few weeks and this can be prevented by administration of pre-procedure and peri-procedure steroids for a short time. Other possible treatment options for simple kidney cysts that have not been tried include radiofrequency ablation of the residual cyst pursuant to aspiration / drainage / sclerotherapy of the renal cyst, and irreversible electroporation of the residual kidney cyst pursuant to aspiration/drainage/sclerotherapy of the kidney cyst. Considering that the morbidity that tends to be associated with open surgical treatment and laparoscopy treatment options for the management of simple kidney cysts tends to be worse in comparison with per-cutaneous aspiration/drainage/sclerotherapy, generally most clinicians tend not to undertake treatment of kidney cysts initially by the open and laparoscopy procedures. Considering that persistence / recurrence of simple renal cysts can occur or do occur pursuant to percutaneous aspiration/drainage/sclerotherapy of simple kidney cysts, it would be suggested that the undertaking of percutaneous angiography and super-selective embolization of residual simple renal cysts pursuant to the initial treatment or utilization of post-procedure radiofrequency ablation or irreversible electroporation of simple kidney cysts would help reduce the incidence of recurrent and persistent simple kidney cysts and if this is undertaken hopefully the need to undertake open or laparoscopy procedures for dimple kidney cysts would be reduced. There is a need to undertake a global multi-centre trial of various treatment options for simple kidney cysts in order to ascertain the best treatment option with durable long-term outcome of non-recurrence or persistence of the renal cyst(s).
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ERİÇ HORASANLI, Jule, Gülnur EREN, and Mehmet Sinan İYİSOY. "Comparison of Laparoscopy and Laparotomy Results for Benign Ovarian Tumors." Journal of Contemporary Medicine 12, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1123262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract
Objectives: To present the data generated at our hospital by comparing the operative characteristics and surgical results of patients who applied to the clinic and emergency room due to ovarian cyst and underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who underwent cystectomy, oophorectomy, and hysterectomy salpingo-oophorectomy due to ovarian cysts were compared in two groups, comprising laparoscopy and laparotomy. Evaluated retrospectively in this study were 443 patients operated on due to benign ovarian cyst diagnosis. Data in the patient files were analyzed in terms of age, cyst size, postoperative hemoglobin, postoperative white blood cell count, operating time, hospital stay, and surgical site infection.
Results: Postoperative surgical site infection was significantly higher in the laparotomy group. The risk of surgical site infection was RR= 4. 5 (1.74–11.67) times higher in those who underwent laparotomy when compared to laparoscopy. The duration of hospital stay was lower in the laparoscopy group for all operation types (oophorectomy, cystectomy, and hysterectomy salpingo-oophorectomy). The cyst sizes of the patients who underwent hysterectomy salpingo-oophorectomy were significantly more significant in the laparotomy group. The duration of hospital stay in the patients who underwent hysterectomy salpingo-oophorectomy was significantly longer when compared to the laparoscopy group, while no significant difference was found in the oophorectomy and cystectomy patients. The need for blood transfusion was significantly lower in the laparoscopy group for all operation types.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the duration of hospital stay, surgical site infection, need for blood transfusion, and operating time was less in patients who underwent laparoscopy. Laparoscopic surgery methods can be safely recommended for rapid and effective treatment of benign ovarian cysts with cystectomy, oophorectomy, and laparoscopic hysterectomy about hospital stay and complications.
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Almog, Benny, Fady Shehata, Boaz Sheizaf, and Togas Tulandi. "Effect of different types of ovarian cyst on antral follicle count." Fertility and Sterility 94, no. 6 (November 2010): 2338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.074.
Повний текст джерела
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Astolfi, Angelica Christina Melo Nunes, Gilberto Astolfi, Maria Gabriela Alves Ferreira, Thaynara D’avalo Centurião, Leyzinara Zenteno Clemente, Bruno Leonardo Marques Castro de Oliveira, João Vitor de Andrade Porto, et al. "Recognizing and counting Dendrocephalus brasiliensis (Crustacea: Anostraca) cysts using deep learning." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e0248574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248574.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, a native species from South America, is a freshwater crustacean well explored in conservational and productive activities. Its main characteristics are its rusticity and resistance cysts production, in which the hatching requires a period of dehydration. Independent of the species utilization nature, it is essential to manipulate its cysts, such as the counting using microscopes. Manually counting is a difficult task, prone to errors, and that also very time-consuming. In this paper, we propose an automatized approach for the detection and counting of Dendrocephalus brasiliensis cysts from images captured by a digital microscope. For this purpose, we built the DBrasiliensis dataset, a repository with 246 images containing 5141 cysts of Dendrocephalus brasiliensis. Then, we trained two state-of-the-art object detection methods, YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once) and Faster R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks), on DBrasiliensis dataset in order to compare them under both cyst detection and counting tasks. Experiments showed evidence that YOLOv3 is superior to Faster R-CNN, achieving an accuracy rate of 83,74%, R2 of 0.88, RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of 3.49, and MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 2.24 on cyst detection and counting. Moreover, we showed that is possible to infer the number of cysts of a substrate, with known weight, by performing the automated counting of some of its samples. In conclusion, the proposed approach using YOLOv3 is adequate to detect and count Dendrocephalus brasiliensis cysts. The DBrasiliensis dataset can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13073240.
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Roser, D., N. Ashbolt, J. Ongerth, and G. Vesey. "Proficiency testing of Cryptosporidium and Giardia analyses - an Australian case study." Water Supply 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An inter-laboratory proficiency trial was undertaken as a prelude to a survey of Australian drinking source waters for Cryptosporidium and Giardia oo/cysts. Specific aims included measuring the recovery of protozoan control material from representative source waters, identifying laboratory errors and assessing the utility of pre-stained reference oo/cysts. Five experienced laboratories were provided with coded vials containing oo/cysts or blanks for spiking 10 L water samples (11 replicate environmental, 5 filtered) or to be analysed directly (16 Count Control vials). Each laboratory reported both their standard counts and details of how each oo/cyst image was interpreted and confirmed. A sixth laboratory provided flow cytometry prepared seed material and reference analyses. Average recoveries for 10 L samples ranged from 0-67% and 0-72%, for environmental and filtered tap water respectively, depending on laboratory and sample type. The best performing laboratory obtained high recoveries, ranging from 45% to 66% for tap water and 63% to 81% for environmental water. Nonetheless, recovery from tap water and environmental sample analysed simultaneously by the same laboratory could differ markedly (1% v. 48% in one case). Poor recovery and false positives were encountered despite the experience of the participants. Inconsistencies in reporting were introduced by the different procedures for confirming oocysts and cysts. The trial showed that obtaining reliable estimates of environmental protozoan loads is still a concern for water managers.
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Hussain, AB, SMY Farooq, S. Qayyum, M. Yousaf, SB Hussain, MZU ,. Abidin, P. Jalal, et al. "Evaluation of Ultrasonography in Various Causes of Pelvic Pain in first Trimester of Pregnancy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216929.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Acute pelvic discomfort in pregnant and postpartum people can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Ultrasound is still the most common imaging modality used to evaluate pregnant and postpartum women. Aim: To see how useful ultrasonography is in evaluating several causes of pain in pelvic during early pregnancy. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. Data of 344 participants were designated done suitable sample method. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: In this table, 344 patients with pelvic pain are reported; 108 (31.4%) patients had bleeding, 58(16.9%) had fibroids out of 344 patients, 60 (17.4%) had cyst and 19 (5.5%) patients had ectopic pregnancy, 236 patients were not count for bleeding status in which 223 (94.5%) patients had no ectopic pregnancy & 13 (5.5%) patients had ectopic pregnancy. 108 patients were count for bleeding status, in which 6 (5.6%) patients had ectopic pregnancy & 102 (94.4%) patients had not ectopic pregnancy, 236 patients were not count for bleeding status in which 235 (99.6%) patients had no fibroids & 1 (0.4%) patients had fibroids. Conclusion: Fibroids and cysts were the most common findings in female with pain in pelvic in early pregnancy. Key words:Pain inLower abdominal, early pregnancy, first trimester, fibroid, Gestational sac, crown lump length.
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Fugazzola, Maria C., Christoph Klaus, and Christoph Lischer. "Unicameral Bone Cyst in the Proximal Humerus with Secondary Infection in an 18-Month-Old Foal." Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/708613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An 18-month-old warmblood filly was 4/5 lame on the front right limb at referral and showed severe swelling of the right shoulder region and pain during manipulation of the shoulder region. Radiography revealed a roundish 5 × 7 cm radiolucent area with defined borders within the greater tubercle and the presence of a fracture of the lateral tubercle associated with the cyst. Cellular blood count was 27,500 WBC/μL and serum biochemical analyses revealed fibrinogen of 855 mg/dL. The fractured bone was removed surgically; the cyst debrided and filled with autologous cancellous bone graft. Three and five weeks after surgery the filly was reoperated on because of an osseous sequestrum and a periostal defect on the distal dorsolateral aspect of the pastern of the right hind limb and a septic synovitis of the DFTS of the left hind limb. Fifteen month after surgery the filly was not lame and was introduced to training. Unicameral bone cysts (UBC) are well described lesions, often associated to pathologic fracture in the proximal humerus of children but, until present, no scientific report exists of UBC in the foal. The prompt surgical management had a favorable outcome.
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Dzatic-Smiljkovic, Olivera, Mladenko Vasiljevic, Ivana Rudic, Jelena Vugdelic, Aleksandar Ristic, and Rada Vugdelic. "Ovarian reserve in patients who have undergone endometriosis surgery." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 7 (2018): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160408363d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background/Aim. Endometriosis is a gynaecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of laparoscopic cystotomy and cystectomy on ovarian function, as well as to compare these two methods in terms of qualitative and quantitative damage to the ovaries, achieved pregnancies and recurrence. Methods. The prospective study, conducted in ?Narodni Front? Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic in Belgrade at the Endoscopic Infertility Treatment Ward, included a total of 150 patients. The study group was represented by 100 patients who underwent a surgical treatment of endometrial ovarian cysts. The patients in the study group were divided into 2 subgroups: Subgroup I consisted of 50 patients who underwent a laparoscopic cystotomy (incision of the cyst and thermal coagulation) and subgroup II which included 50 women who underwent a laparoscopic cystectomy. The control group consised of patients who underwent a surgery due to tubal factor infertility. The following parameters of the ovarian function were tested: the ovarian volume, the antral follicle count, the presence of the preovulatory follicle on the operated ovary, the serum levels of anti- M?llerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ovarian tumor marker (Ca 125), inhibin B, as well as the rate of achieved pregnancies one year after the surgery. Results. The ovarian volume and the antral follicle count as well as the FSH values were significantly higher in the control group in comparison with the patients in the study group. There were no significant differences in the ovarian volume, the antral follicle count, the AMH values and inhibin B values in the study group between the patients with cystectomy and those with the incision and coagulation of the cyst. Conclusion. Both surgical techniques diminished the ovarian reserve: cystectomy was more aggressive method in terms of the damage inflicted on the ovarian tissue, and incision with coagulation carried a higher risk of recurrence.
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Oliveira, J. L., and S. B. Santos. "Distribution of cysts of Strongyluris sp. (Nematoda) in the pallial system of Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 from Vila Dois Rios and Vila do Abraão, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 1 (January 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.173449.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This work aimed to assessing Strongyluris sp. cysts distribution pattern in the several inner organs from pallial system of Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822. Also we verified if there is a relationship between the mollusk size and the number of specimens from parasites collected from two touristic villages in Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro state): Vila Dois Rios (VDR) and Vila do Abraão (ABR). The samples were obtained through a field work conducted bimonthly during 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011, at both locations. Height and width were measured from shells collected, and the all specimens were classified in different classes: class 1 - <4.0 cm, class 2 - 4.1-9.0 cm and class 3 - < 9.0 cm. After the specimens were dissected in order to find and count the number cysts in the pallial system. In specimens from both locations, the pulmonary and secondary veins showed a high number of cysts. No significance difference was found both in the abundance of cysts among the specimens in ABR (p=0.138) and VDR (p=0.181). Achatina fulica showed different intensities of cyst infection based on the size classes: the class-3 specimens, at both locations, showed the greatest cyst average (ABR Anova F= 3.8; p=0.02); (VDR T of Student T= -2.04; p=0.04). The results suggested that the highest number of cysts in the vascularized area in pallial system of A. fulica was a consequence of a greater hemolymph circulation in that area, delivering more nutrients for larvae development. We think that bigger individuals host a higher number of cysts, as they usually present a larger biomass and a larger area of the pallial system, allowing an efficient parasite colonization. Other possible explanation could be the long exposure of the molluscs of class 3 to the parasites, which allowed a longer time to the larvae to allocate themselves.
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Aali, Saeed, and Fatemeh Moradi. "Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in a pregnant woman due to the rupture of a simple renal cyst." Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 23, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jsums.2021.32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Renal cysts are diagnosed by ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT), or urography. A 36-year-old pregnant woman (G2, Ab1, within the gestational age of 38 weeks) with upper abdominal pain starting from two hours ago, vomiting, and nausea was referred to the emergency department. Although abdominal examinations revealed costovertebral angle tenderness, there were no signs of peritoneal irritation, and all vital signs of the patient were in a normal range. Initial investigation results including blood count (Hb: 11.4), BUN/Cr, Na/K, and UA were normal. She underwent a cesarean section (c/s) due to reduced fetal heart rate (FHR). After C/S,the CT scan showed a large left retroperitoneal hematoma with an anterosuperior displacement of the kidney and active bleeding in the cystic lesion of the upper pole of the kidney. Pathological examinations also confirmed a simple cyst. Overall, simple renal cysts should be considered as a rare cause of spontaneous perinatal hemorrhage (SPH) in pregnancy. The diagnosis and treatment of SPH in pregnancy are also critical challenges.
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Küçükbayrak, Abdulkadir. "Evaluation of Platelet Parameters in Patients With Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 2, no. 1 (April 14, 2010): e2010006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2010.006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Echinococcosis is a near-cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by adult or larval stages of tapeworms (cestodes) into the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). It was demonstrated that platelets were capable of killing parasites independent from leukocytes. Purpose: The aim of our study was to examine mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet mass (PM) and platelet count (PC), which are practical indicators of platelet activity in preoperative and postoperative periods of the patients with hydatid cyst. Methods: In this retrospective study we evaluated 72 patients admitted to clinic of chest surgery with a diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid cyst in our hospital between January, 2006, and October, 2008. The MPV, PC, and PM were evaluated by complete blood count. PM was calculated by multiplying MPV and PLT.Results: Preoperative MPV values (mean: 8.07, std. dev.: 0.83) of the patients was found to be significantly higher than postoperative MPV values (mean: 7.78, std. dev.: 0.87) (p= 0,002). Preoperative PM values (median: 2456.75, min-max: 1013.70-5046.60) was found to be higher when compared to postoperative PM values (median: 2280.80, min-max: 134.20-4042.60) (p= 0,039). PC values were not significantly different between two periods (Preoperative PC mean values: 320.48, std. dev.: 98.42 and postoperative PC mean values: 307.29, std. dev.: 96.45, p= 0.286).Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that there were no statistical difference in PC for both periods but, in preoperative period MPV and PM were found statistical higher than postoperative period. We suggest that MPV and PM may be considered as inflammatory markers for hydatid cyst. MPV and PM can be used for following of patients with hydatid cyst.
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Petterson, Susan R., Ryan S. Signor, and Nicholas J. Ashbolt. "Incorporating method recovery uncertainties in stochastic estimates of raw water protozoan concentrations for QMRA." Journal of Water and Health 5, S1 (September 1, 2007): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impact of incorporating recovery data on protozoan concentration estimates was investigated for Cryptosporidium and Giardia using a large dataset (n=99) of [oo]cyst assay results with paired recovery estimates. Stochastic [oo]cyst concentration was estimated using three approaches: I – no availability/consideration of recovery, II – limited recovery data, where sample recovery was considered as an independent random variable, and III – every [oo]cyst assay result was adjusted for a concurrently derived recovery estimate. Critically, Approach I underestimated [oo]cyst concentrations by about 100% compared to Approaches II and III, which were similar. The impact of dataset size on statistical uncertainty about the concentration estimate for Approach II was investigated; little improvement in parameter uncertainty was achieved beyond n=20. It is suggested that recovery data be incorporated into source water concentration estimates, especially when used to infer health risks to consumers, so as not to underestimate the risk. Where none is available, conservatively low recoveries should be assumed. When designing monitoring programmes, recovery data should be collected as a pair with [oo]cyst count data for an initial period at least, so that site-specific relationships between those parameters may be ascertained and incorporated into source water concentration estimates.
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Kannangara, Don, and Dhyanesh Pandya. "241. A Comparison of Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Septic Arthritis with Lyme Arthritis." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Septic arthritis is considered the most important differential diagnosis in suspected Lyme arthritis. The present study sheds light on the most frequent misdiagnoses in Lyme arthritis cases and clues for differentiation from Staphylococcal and Streptococcal septic arthritis. Methods We studied patients with positive joint fluid cultures with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and streptococci and Lyme polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive joint fluid in 9 hospitals in Eastern Pennsylvania and 1 in Warren county, New Jersey over a 3 year period. Results One hundred and thirty four out of 7000 SA and 21 out of 1321 streptococcal isolates were from joint fluid. Twenty nine had Lyme arthritis, ages 5-74 ( 24 males,5 females). Twelve out of 29 were ages 10-18 with 20/29 under age 40. Predominant joint affected was a single knee 27/29. All had pain with or without swelling and little erythema. Two had fever. One reported a tick bite. None had other manifestations of Lyme disease. The diagnosis at the initial visit was sprain or sports injury in 5, osteoarthritis in 5, inflammatory arthritis or gout in 2 each, i septic arthritis, 1 viral syndrome and 1 ruptured Baker's cyst. Joint fluid count range was 3500-77,360 with only 3 over 50,000. White blood cell count (wbc) range was 3200-14,580. SA arthritis involved knee in 66 (49.3%), hip 31(23.9%), elbow 19 (14.2%), shoulder 14 (10.4%) with 2 wrist, 1 ankle and 1 sterno-clavicular joint. Fifty seven had a history of joint surgery. Eighty six were male and 48 female. age range 14-95 with a median age 65. Synovial fluid cell count was 335-470,000 and wbc 5,200-28,410 . Streptococcal septic arthritis ( 13 male 8 female) involved the knee in 17/21 with one each of hip, elbow, shoulder. The ages were 36-86 with 15/21 over age 60. Synovial fluid count was15,242-641,425 . Wbc count 11,140-25,080 .Nine out 21 had prior joint surgery. Conclusion Lyme arthritis patients were younger, mostly involving 1 knee, majority male without other manifestations of Lyme disease. Highest synovial fluid count was 77,360 and highest wbc count 14,580. Most frequent misdiagnoses were sports injury/sprain or osteoarthritis. SA and Streptococcal arthritis were mostly in elderly, with higher joint fluid cell and wbc counts. Only 1/29 Lyme arthritis was initially misdiagnosed septic arthritis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Sarkisyan, D. V., and I. V. Vinogradov. "Long-term results of using the sclerotherapy in the epididymal cysts treatment." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 14, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2021-14-1-62-67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with epididymal cysts (EC). A number of methods have been proposed for their treatment – open surgical interventions, aspiration of cyst contents, sclerotherapy, epididymal cystectomy. In the literature, there are separate works in which attempts were made to study the use of sclerotherapy in the treatment of EC. However, the presented messages are single, there are no data of comparative studies of the use of various methods of treatment of this pathology. The aim of the study was to study the clinical efficacy of sclerotherapy in the treatment of epididymal cysts in terms of long-term indicators. Aim – to study the clinical efficacy of sclerotherapy in the treatment of EC in terms of long-term indicators. Materials and methods. 82 patients with EC aged 18 to 45 years were included in 2 groups: in the treatment of 47 patients in the comparison group, a standard approach was used, in the treatment of 36 patients in the main group, the method of EC sclerotherapy was used. EC sclerotherapy included anesthesia, aspiration of the cyst contents and injection of sclerosant, under ultrasound guidance, puncture of the epididymal cyst was performed, its contents were evacuated, then sclerosant (ethoxysclerol 1% – 2.5 ml) was injected into the cyst cavity with an exposure of 5 min. Results. It was found that during sclerotherapy in the treatment of EC in patients of the main group after the treatment, the dynamics of spermogram indices was more favorable than in the comparison group. In the long-term period (after 6-12 months), these patients had significantly higher levels of ejaculate volume and sperm count, the rate of movement of motile spermatozoa and the proportion of progressively motile spermatozoa than in the comparison group. The use of the sclerosing method increases the clinical efficacy of EC treatment, while the frequency of reproductive events (pregnancy in female partners of patients who underwent sclerotherapy) is 2.7 times higher than in the group where standard surgery was performed. Discussion. Over the past two decades, different authors have proposed different types of sclerosing substances. A number of studies are presented in the literature, the results of which have demonstrated the effectiveness of aspiration and sclerotherapy in the treatment of benign scrotal cysts. A sufficiently high efficiency of EC sclerotherapy was shown. We also found that the use of the sclerotherapy method increases the clinical effectiveness of EC treatment, while the frequency of reproductive events significantly increases. Conclusion. Sclerotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for obstructive azoospermia caused by EC.
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Yan, Hai-Kuo, Zi-Guo Yuan, Hui-Qun Song, Eskild Petersen, Yang Zhou, Di Ren, Dong-Hui Zhou, et al. "Vaccination with a DNA Vaccine Coding for Perforin-Like Protein 1 and MIC6 Induces Significant Protective Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, no. 5 (February 29, 2012): 684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05578-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTHost cell invasion byToxoplasma gondiiis tightly related to microneme protein 6 (MIC6) andT. gondiiperforin-like protein 1 (TgPLP1). In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine expressing a TgPLP1/MIC6 fusion protein using the pIRESneo vector, and we evaluated the immune response induced by this vaccine in Kunming mice. Levels of IgG antibody, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 were examined. Five mice were chosen randomly from every group (vaccinated groups or the nonvaccinated control group) and were challenged intragastrically with 80 cysts ofT. gondiistrain PRU (genotype II) in order to observe mortality daily. To analyze protection against a less-virulent challenge, eight mice of each group were orally infected with 20 cysts of strain PRU at the 14th day after the last immunization. The brain parasite load was evaluated 6 weeks after infection. The results demonstrated that immunization with pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 resulted in the lowest brain cyst count and prolonged the survival time of immunized mice. The levels ofToxoplasma-specific IgG, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 increased significantly, and the numbers of cysts in brains decreased more obviously, in the group immunized with plasmid pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 than in the other groups (P< 0.05). Compared with pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1, coimmunization with pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 and adjuvant murine IL-18 promoted cellular and humoral immune responses but did not contribute significantly to cyst reduction (65.43% versus 61.60%) or the survival of immunized mice (45.0 ± 2.9 days versus 42.8 ± 2.9 days) (P> 0.05). Furthermore, the study also showed that the immune efficacy induced by pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 was better than that induced by pVAX/PLP1 or pVAX/MIC6 alone.
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Fava, Natália de Melo Nasser, Kamila Jessie Sammarro Silva, William John Snelling, Nigel George Ternan, James Stephen Gerard Dooley, and Lyda Patricia Sabogal-Paz. "Does each bead count? A reduced-cost approach for recovering waterborne protozoa from challenge water using immunomagnetic separation." Journal of Water and Health 19, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are two of the most prominent aetiological agents of waterborne diseases. Therefore, efficient and affordable methodologies for identifying and quantifying these parasites in water are increasingly necessary. USEPA Method 1623.1 is a widely used and validated protocol for detecting these parasites in water samples. It consists of a concentration step, followed by parasite purification and visualization by immunofluorescence microscopy. Although efficient, this method has a high cost particularly due to the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) step, which is most needed with complex and highly contaminated samples. Based on this, the present study aimed to determine whether it is possible to maintain the efficiency of Method 1623.1 while reducing the amount of beads per reaction, using as a matrix the challenge water recommended by the World Health Organization. As for Giardia cysts, a satisfactory recovery efficiency (RE) was obtained using 50% less IMS beads. This was evaluated both with a commercial cyst suspension (56.1% recovery) and an analytical quality assessment (47.5% recovery). Although RE rates obtained for Cryptosporidium parvum did not meet Method 1623.1 criteria in any of the experimental conditions tested, results presented in this paper indicated the relevance of the described adaptations, even in challenge water.
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Boydston, R. A., H. Mojtahedi, C. Bates, R. Zemetra, and C. R. Brown. "Weed Hosts of Globodera pallida from Idaho." Plant Disease 94, no. 7 (July 2010): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-7-0918b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida (PCN), a restricted pest in the United States, was first reported in Bingham and Bonneville counties of Idaho in 2006 (1). The U.S. government and Idaho State Department of Agriculture hope to eradicate it from infested fields. Eradicating PCN will require depriving the nematodes of their hosts over a protracted time period. Functional eradication might be achieved with relatively high, proven to be efficacious dosages of soil fumigants. The presence of host weeds of PCN can play a significant role in the success of the eradication program. To determine the host status of common weeds found in potato fields of the Pacific Northwest, host suitability tests were conducted in a secured greenhouse located at the University of Idaho at Moscow. Reproduction of PCN on nine weeds including hairy nightshade (Solanum physalifolium formerly S. sarrachoides) and cutleaf nightshade (S. triflorum) (biotypes from Idaho and Washington), black nightshade (S. nigrum) (Washington biotype), bittersweet nightshade (S. dulcamara) (Idaho biotype), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), kochia (Kochia scoparia), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) were compared with reproduction on Desiree, Russet Burbank (known hosts), and Santé (poor host) potatoes (S. tuberosum). Plants were grown in 10-cm-diameter clay pots containing sandy loam soil previously fumigated with methyl bromide and inoculated with 10 to 150 cysts that were either collected from infested fields or raised in the secured greenhouse (ample diapause period elapsed). Treatments were replicated five times and each trial lasted 3 months. Cysts were extracted from soil with a Fenwick can, and the reproductive factor (RF = final cyst count ÷ initial inoculum) was determined. While both biotypes of hairy nightshade were suitable hosts of PCN (161–668 ÷ 150; RF = >1), cutleaf biotypes, black, and bittersweet nightshades were poor hosts (1–108 ÷ 150; RF = <1). Russet Burbank (77 ÷ 40; RF = 1.9) and Desiree (21–119 ÷ 75; RF = >1) proved to be suitable hosts and Santé (1–20 ÷ 150; RF = <1) a poor host of Idaho PCN. Although some cysts were recovered from pots containing the remaining weed species, they may have been part of the original inoculum. The significance of nightshade species (whether suitable or poor hosts) in eradication of potato cyst nematode from infested fields cannot be overemphasized. Reference: (1) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007.
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Jeevitha, S., and N. Priya. "Identifying and Classifying an Ovarian Cyst using SCBOD (Size and Count-Based Ovarian Detection) Algorithm in Ultrasound Image." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 13, no. 9 (December 6, 2022): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.13.9.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polycystic ovaries are a sign of increasing infertility in the female population worldwide. An excessive number of follicle formations leads to polycystic ovarian syndromes. It affects the female reproductive cycle and leads to disorders such as cardiovascular issues, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Calculating the number of follicles and detecting the follicle size is still challenging due to time complexity. Since the size of follicles and the greater number mislead the detection of the ovarian type in the ultrasound image. The ultrasound images contain more speckle noise, making the ovarian follicles difficult to see manually. A new convenient method is proposed for the detection of follicles and ovary classification is based on the measurement of size and the count of each follicle. In this paper, the work is divided into four steps, the first step preprocessing the ultrasound image. In the second step, the segmentation process is applied for object selection and separation process using an improved watershed algorithm. In the third step, based on the geometrical and statistical features the object is recognized by SCBOD accurately using various parameters such as size, count, mean, standard deviation, etc., Finally, an SVM classifier is used for classification to conclude the Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) and Non- PCOS. This algorithm is proposed to the physician to find the ovarian follicles rapidly, which will offer accurate performance and is more effective in execution by adopting the SCBOD (Size and Count-based Object Detection) method.
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Said, Doaa E., Eglal I. Amer, Eman Sheta, Shaimaa Makled, Hala E. Diab, and Fadwa M. Arafa. "Nano-Encapsulated Melatonin: A Promising Mucosal Adjuvant in Intranasal Immunization against Chronic Experimental T. gondii Infection." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 12 (November 27, 2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7120401.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Melatonin (MLT) is now emerging as one of the universally accepted immunostimulators with broad applications in medicine. It is a biological manipulator of the immune system, including mucosal ones. MLT was encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), then 100 mg/kg/dose of MLT-SLNs was used as an adjuvant of Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA). Experimental mice were intra-nasally inoculated with three doses of different regimens every two weeks, then challenged with 20 cysts of T. gondii Me49 strain, where they were sacrificed four weeks post-infection. Protective vaccine efficacy was evident via the significant brain cyst count reduction of 58.6%, together with remarkably high levels of humoral systemic and mucosal anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (Ig G, Ig A), supported by a reduced tachyzoites invasion of Vero cells in vitro upon incubation with sera obtained from these vaccinated mice. A cellular immune response was evident through the induction of significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN γ), associated with morphological deteriorations of cysts harvested from the brains of vaccinated mice. Furthermore, the amelioration of infection-induced oxidative stress (OS) and histopathological changes were evident in mice immunized with TLA/MLT-SLNs. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the promising role of intranasal MLT-SLNs as a novel mucosal adjuvant candidate against chronic toxoplasmosis.
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Jarboui, Slim, Abdelwaheb Hlel, Alifa Daghfous, Mohamed Ali Bakkey, and Imed Sboui. "Unusual Location of Primary Hydatid Cyst: Soft Tissue Mass in the Supraclavicular Region of the Neck." Case Reports in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/484638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cystic hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused byEchinococcus granulosus. It may affect any organ and tissue in the body, in particular the liver and Lung. Musculoskeletal or soft tissue hydatidosis accounts for about 0,5%–5% of all echinococcal infections in endemic areas and is almost secondary to the hepatic or pulmonary disease (Karaman et al., 2011; Dirican et al., 2008; Kouskos et al., 2007).Case Presentation. We report an unusual case of primary subcutaneous hydatidosis in the left supraclavicular region of the neck. A 53-year-old female patient was admitted with three-month history of pain and gradually growing mass located in the left supraclavicular region. Physical examination revealed a moderately hard, painful, and erythematous mass. The blood cell count was normal. Computed tomography demonstrated, a multilocular cystic lesion with thin borders and thin wall. The mass is binocular and extends to the scapula. CT showed no involvement of the lung. From these signs, the patient was diagnosed as having abscess (bacterial infection or tuberculosis). The diagnosis ofEchinococcus granulosusinfection was made per operatively after visualization of the cyst wall and the daughter cysts. Following irrigation of cystic cavity with hypertonic saline solution, the cyst wall was excised along with a portion of surrounding tissue. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the hydatid origin. Hemagglutination tests forEchinococcusand ELISA were negative. Ultrasound of the abdomen was normal. The patient received albendazole (400 mg/day) for 8 weeks postoperatively. No sign of recurrence could be detected by physical examination and imaging (CT) at 4-month followup.Conclusion. The case illustrates that echinococcal disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every cystic mass in every anatomic location, especially when it occurs in endemic areas.
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Mitsch, Christoph, Jan Lammer, Sonja Karst, Christoph Scholda, Eleonore Pablik, and Ursula Margarethe Schmidt-Erfurth. "Systematic ultrastructural comparison of swept-source and full-depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of diabetic macular oedema." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 6 (August 31, 2019): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background/AimsOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is commonly used to diagnose and assess diabetic macular oedema (DME). Swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) promises improved imaging depth and more independence from media opacities. Heidelberg Spectralis full-depth imaging (FDI) combines details at different depths to one representation. The aim of this study was to determine the comparability of the imaging methods concerning DME ultrastructure.MethodsTwo graders assessed the presence of typical DME phenomena in eyes with centre-involving DME on Topcon Atlantis SS-OCT and Heidelberg Spectralis FDI spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) B-scans. Retinal layer segmentation was corrected and choroidal layers were manually segmented. Graders measured cyst and subretinal fluid (SRF) diameters and counted hyper-reflective foci (HRF). Findings were recorded and statistically analysed.ResultsStatistically significant systematic biases (Spectralis-Atlantis) were found for the HRF count (outside the central mm, −6.39, p=0.0338), chorioretinal thickness (central mm: −35.45 µm, p=0.00034), choroidal thickness (central mm: −60.97 µm, p=0.00004) and Sattler’s layer thickness (−42.69 µm, p=0.0001). Intergrader agreement was excellent or very good for posterior vitreous detachment, vitreomacular attachment (central mm) and SRF presence in both devices. Manually delineated Sattler’s layer thickness showed an intraclass correlation of 0.85 with FDI SD-OCT but 0.26 with SS-OCT (p=0.003).ConclusionProminent aspects such as cysts in the outer nuclear layer and SRF can be identified with comparable confidence, while a significant systematic bias underlies chorioretinal, choroidal and Sattler’s layer thickness and HRF count. Specialists should use the same device at every examination during longitudinal clinical consideration or cross-sectional evaluation of these ultrastructural biomarkers.
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Pant, Padam Raj, Asmita Ghimire, Nilam Subedi, Samriddha Raj Pant, and Asmita Shrestha. "Gossypiboma can remain asym ptomatic for a long time." Grande Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gmj.v1i1.22418.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gossypiboma, a retained foreign body after surgery, is a rare complication. It appears years after surgery, has nonspecific symptoms, and is usually identified on imaging sequences. We present here an asymptomatic case of a 32 years old lady with a history of laparotomy done two years earlier. She was initially misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as hydatid cyst of pelvis. During re-surgery, foreign body was detected. Postoperative period was uneventful. To prevent these types of complications, we have to follow the main principle of surgery in all procedures i.e. ensuring a proper count of surgical materials before and after surgery.
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Schenk, Laura K., Bjoern Buchholz, Sebastian F. Henke, Ulf Michgehl, Christoph Daniel, Kerstin Amann, Karl Kunzelmann, and Hermann Pavenstädt. "Nephron-specific knockout of TMEM16A leads to reduced number of glomeruli and albuminuria." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 315, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): F1777—F1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00638.2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
TMEM16A is a transmembrane protein from a conserved family of calcium-activated proteins that is highly expressed in the kidney. TMEM16A confers calcium-activated chloride channel activity, which is of importance for various cellular functions in secretory epithelia and involved in secretion-dependent renal cyst growth. However, its specific function in renal physiology has remained elusive so far. Therefore, we generated conditional nephron-specific TMEM16A-knockout mice and found that these animals suffered from albuminuria. Kidney histology demonstrated an intact corticomedullary differentiation and absence of cysts. Electron microscopy showed a normal slit diaphragm. However, the total number of glomeruli and total nephron count was decreased in TMEM16A-knockout animals. At the same time, glomerular diameter was increased, presumably as a result of the hyperfiltration in the remaining glomeruli. TUNEL and PCNA stainings showed increased cell death and increased proliferation. Proximal tubular cilia were intact in young animals, but the number of properly ciliated cells was decreased in older, albuminuric animals. Taken together, our data suggest that TMEM16A may be involved in ureteric bud branching and proper nephron endowment. Loss of TMEM16A resulted in reduced nephron number and, subsequently, albuminuria and tubular damage.
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Calderale, Stefano Massimiliano, Luisa Marchioni, Alberto Malizia, Mara Riminucci, and Alessandro Corsi. "Malignant Stromal Tumor Consistent with Fibrosarcoma Arising from Meckel's Diverticulum. Clinicopathological Study of an Incidentally Discovered Tumor and Review of the Literature." Tumori Journal 83, no. 3 (May 1997): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169708300315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors report a case of a Meckel's diverticulum mesenchymal tumor incidentally discovered in a 69-year-old woman undergoing laparotomy for an ovarian cyst. Histological examination of the tumor revealed a fasciculated proliferation of spindle cells that proved to be immunoreactive to vimentin only; pleomorphism was mild, necrosis extensive and mitotic count high. Because these features were consistent with those of fibrosarcoma, the tumor was classified in the category of gastrointestinal stromal tumors; more specifically, it was considered malignant for the presence of spread beyond the primary site in the form of peritoneal nodules and for the high mitotic count. We have been able to find only one previously reported case of mesenchymal malignant tumor of Meckel's diverticulum classified as fibrosarcoma among the 199 malignant tumors described in the literature. Based on this personal experience and on the review of the literature concerning malignant tumors of Meckel's diverticulum, we discuss both the rarity of these tumors and the importance of removing Meckel's diverticulum every time it is found during laparotomy.
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Hussein A. Raheem, H.A. Alsailawi, M. M. Abdulrasool, Mustafa Mudhafar, Sahi J. Dhahi, S. S. Ayat, Ruaa K. Mohammed, and Shahad Shawkat. "Protective role of Salvia officinalis silver nanoparticles on some physiological and histological aspect in bisphenol a treated female rat." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.1.0347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was planned to investigate the probable protective role of Salvia officinalis have in the nanoparticles and aqueous extracts on female rats which exposed to Bisphenol A. At the end of the experiment the blood samples were collected by heart puncture to evaluate the RBC and WBC count, Hemoglobin, Platelets as well as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormones (LH), estrogen, creatinin, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferees and alkaline phosphatase were estimated furthermore after the rats were scarified Liver, Kidney, Uterus and ovary were collected for histological study. The result shows significant decrease in the RBC, PLT and Hb count in the BPA group in comparison with the control and SOSNPs and SOE groups. In addition, there is a significant increase in WBC count and estrogen level in the BPA treated rats in comparison with control, SOSNP and SOE treated rats. As well as, there is significant increase in the liver enzymes (AST, ALP and ALP) in the BPA treated rats in comparison with control and SOSNP & BPA treated groups. Histological studies show presence of vacuolation with absence of radial arrangement in the hepatocytes in the liver of rats. The histological studies for the uterus of rats Beside ovarian sections BPA reveled mature follicle without oocyte with cyst like structure in the ovary in comparison with control group, these effects were relieved by the role of SOSNP and SOE in alleviating the effects of BPA on studied parameters.
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Hussein A. Raheem, H.A. Alsailawi, M. M. Abdulrasool, Mustafa Mudhafar, Sahi J. Dhahi, S. S. Ayat, Ruaa K. Mohammed, and Shahad Shawkat. "Protective role of Salvia officinalis silver nanoparticles on some physiological and histological aspect in bisphenol a treated female rat." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.1.0347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was planned to investigate the probable protective role of Salvia officinalis have in the nanoparticles and aqueous extracts on female rats which exposed to Bisphenol A. At the end of the experiment the blood samples were collected by heart puncture to evaluate the RBC and WBC count, Hemoglobin, Platelets as well as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormones (LH), estrogen, creatinin, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferees and alkaline phosphatase were estimated furthermore after the rats were scarified Liver, Kidney, Uterus and ovary were collected for histological study. The result shows significant decrease in the RBC, PLT and Hb count in the BPA group in comparison with the control and SOSNPs and SOE groups. In addition, there is a significant increase in WBC count and estrogen level in the BPA treated rats in comparison with control, SOSNP and SOE treated rats. As well as, there is significant increase in the liver enzymes (AST, ALP and ALP) in the BPA treated rats in comparison with control and SOSNP & BPA treated groups. Histological studies show presence of vacuolation with absence of radial arrangement in the hepatocytes in the liver of rats. The histological studies for the uterus of rats Beside ovarian sections BPA reveled mature follicle without oocyte with cyst like structure in the ovary in comparison with control group, these effects were relieved by the role of SOSNP and SOE in alleviating the effects of BPA on studied parameters.
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Petrovskaia, Nikol N., and Victoria A. Pechenikova. "Analysis of cell immune regulation features in recurrent ovarian endometriosis." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 71, no. 4 (October 22, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd104887.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of endometriosis among women of reproductive age and the complexity of choosing the methods for its effective treatment necessitate the study of the clinical and morphological features of ovarian endometriosis in its recurrent course, as well as the search for available informative diagnostic and prognostic markers which allow identifying risk groups for relapse and form prevention methods. Endometriomas have a recurrence rate of 5055 % after treatment.
AIM: The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of cell immune regulation features in recurrent ovarian endometriosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied clinical data, the value of peripheral immunocompetent blood cells, as well as morphological and immunohistochemical data of 196 patients operated on for endometrioid ovarian cysts, including 45 patients with a recurrent course of the disease and 151 women without relapse. Monoclonal mouse antibodies to T helpers (CD4), T killers (CD8), B lymphocytes (CD20), and macrophages (CD68) were used for immunohistochemical examination of the surgical material. Immunological examination of peripheral blood was performed by flow cytometry with the assessment of helper T lymphocyte, killer T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte subpopulations and their ratios.
RESULTS: The recurrence rate of endometrioid ovarian cysts was 22.96%. Most patients (48.87%) relapsed 34 years after the first operation. In patients with recurrent endometrioma, we more often detected complaints of dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, primary infertility and a history of operations on the uterine appendages unrelated to endometriosis in anamnesis, as well as the third degree of the pathological process. During morphological examination, the glandular-cystic variant and morphologically active lesions were detected more often in recurrent endometriosis compared to the relapse-free course. Cytotoxic T killers (CD8) and macrophages (CD68) were shown to be the predominant subpopulation of cells found in the inflammatory infiltrate of cytogenic stroma and endometrioid cyst capsule. More of them were detected in recurrent endometrioid cysts in the surgical material of both the first and second operations compared to the relapse-free course. B lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the cyst capsule with recurrent endometriosis than in cases of the relapse-free course. T helpers (CD4) were found only in the surgical material of an already diagnosed recurrence. Immunological examination of peripheral blood of patients with recurrent endometrioma revealed an increase in the total population of T lymphocytes due to a subpopulation of T helpers, the number of which per microliter exceeded the reference values.
CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the number of free stromal cells in the foci of endometriosis with its recurrent course indicates the importance of hyperreactivity and the autoimmune mechanism in the chronization and progression of the disease.
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Jadhav, Amitkumar, Goutam Chakraborty, Nidhi Sugandhi, and Sameer Kant Acharya. "Choledochal cyst perforation: experience from a centre with limited emergency resources." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20213740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spontaneous perforation in Choledochal cyst (CDC) is a very rare initial manifestation and more commonly seen beyond infantile age. The management is challenging due to acute presentation, poor general condition of the patient and inflamed tissue that may jeopardize the appropriateness of any surgical intervention. The aim of the study was to analyse this rarity depending on clinical findings, diagnostic difficulty and optimum management plan in a limited resource set-up. It was a retrospective observational study where five patients presenting to the casualty department with biliary peritonitis between January 2015 and December 2020 were included. They were analysed with respect to symptomatology, laboratory parameters, radiology, emergency intervention with findings and definitive management plan. A female preponderance (60%) was found. Mean age was 5.4 years. One was a known case of CDC. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. Inflammatory markers like Total leucocyte count (TLC) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were raised in all (100%). Lipase was raised in 40% (2/5). Anaemia and low serum albumin were non-specific findings. A dilated Common bile duct (CBD) on Ultrasound (US) was seen in 80% (4/5). Magnetic resonance cholangio pancreaticography (MRCP) demonstrated type I CDC in all. All underwent laparotomy with lavage and external drainage followed by interval definitive surgery. Pre-operative diagnosis of a perforated CDC may not be possible. Strong clinical suspicion and bilious peritoneal fluid may point to this rare complication. Minimum exploratory manoeuvre with good lavage and external drainage should be the optimum emergency intervention. Definitive bilio-pancreatic reconstruction should be performed when tissue oedema subsides and general condition is improved. This approach usually achieves a rewarding outcome.
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Williamson, Lorna M., Gerald Hackett, Janet Rennie, Christopher R. Palmer, Caroline Maciver, Ruth Hadfield, Darren Hughes, Shirley Jobson, and Willem H. Ouwehand. "The Natural History of Fetomaternal Alloimmunization to the Platelet-Specific Antigen HPA-1a (PlA1, Zwa) as Determined by Antenatal Screening." Blood 92, no. 7 (October 1, 1998): 2280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.7.2280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Immunization against the human platelet antigen (HPA)-1 alloantigen is the most common cause of severe fetal and neonatal thrombocytopenia. Fetal therapy has substantial risks and its indications need better definition. Of 24,417 consecutive pregnant women, 618 (2.5%) were HPA-1a negative of whom 385 entered an observational study. All were HLA-DRB3*0101 genotyped and screened for anti–HPA-1a. Their partners and neonates were HPA-1 genotyped and the latter were assessed by cord blood platelet counts and cerebral ultrasound scans. Anti–HPA-1a was detected in 46 of 387 pregnancies (12.0%; 95% CI 8.7%-15.2%). All but one were HLA-DRB3*0101 positive (odds ratio 140; 95% CI 19-1035;P< .00001). One baby died in utero, and of 26 HPA-1a–positive babies born to women with persistent antenatal antibodies, 9 were severely thrombocytopenic (8 with a count <10 × 109/L, 1 with a large porencephalic cyst), 10 were mildly thrombocytopenic, whereas 7 had normal platelet counts. Severe thrombocytopenia was significantly associated with a third trimester anti–HPA-1a titer ≥ 1:32 (P = .004), but was not observed in babies of women with either transient or postnatal-only antibodies. HPA-1a alloimmunization complicates 1 in 350 unselected pregnancies, resulting in severe thrombocytopenia in 1:1,200. HPA-1a and HLA-DRB3*0101 typing combined with anti–HPA-1a titration allows selection of the majority of pregnancies at risk of severe thrombocytopenia.
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Williamson, Lorna M., Gerald Hackett, Janet Rennie, Christopher R. Palmer, Caroline Maciver, Ruth Hadfield, Darren Hughes, Shirley Jobson, and Willem H. Ouwehand. "The Natural History of Fetomaternal Alloimmunization to the Platelet-Specific Antigen HPA-1a (PlA1, Zwa) as Determined by Antenatal Screening." Blood 92, no. 7 (October 1, 1998): 2280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.7.2280.2280_2280_2287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Immunization against the human platelet antigen (HPA)-1 alloantigen is the most common cause of severe fetal and neonatal thrombocytopenia. Fetal therapy has substantial risks and its indications need better definition. Of 24,417 consecutive pregnant women, 618 (2.5%) were HPA-1a negative of whom 385 entered an observational study. All were HLA-DRB3*0101 genotyped and screened for anti–HPA-1a. Their partners and neonates were HPA-1 genotyped and the latter were assessed by cord blood platelet counts and cerebral ultrasound scans. Anti–HPA-1a was detected in 46 of 387 pregnancies (12.0%; 95% CI 8.7%-15.2%). All but one were HLA-DRB3*0101 positive (odds ratio 140; 95% CI 19-1035;P< .00001). One baby died in utero, and of 26 HPA-1a–positive babies born to women with persistent antenatal antibodies, 9 were severely thrombocytopenic (8 with a count <10 × 109/L, 1 with a large porencephalic cyst), 10 were mildly thrombocytopenic, whereas 7 had normal platelet counts. Severe thrombocytopenia was significantly associated with a third trimester anti–HPA-1a titer ≥ 1:32 (P = .004), but was not observed in babies of women with either transient or postnatal-only antibodies. HPA-1a alloimmunization complicates 1 in 350 unselected pregnancies, resulting in severe thrombocytopenia in 1:1,200. HPA-1a and HLA-DRB3*0101 typing combined with anti–HPA-1a titration allows selection of the majority of pregnancies at risk of severe thrombocytopenia.
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Smith, Joseph M., Jessie A. Elliott, Amy E. Gillis, and Paul F. Ridgway. "A rare case of perforated gastric duplication cyst associated with gastric diverticulum." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 3 (March 2021): e239971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-239971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A 50-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of severe epigastric pain, vomiting and fever. He had a background of alcohol excess and smoking. The patient was tachycardic and febrile with an elevated white blood cell count and C reactive protein. CT demonstrated extensive upper abdominal free fluid, without free air, with a large cystic lesion arising from the greater curvature of the stomach, and a second smaller cystic lesion arising from the posterior aspect of the gastric fundus. The patient was managed with nasogastric drainage, parenteral nutrition, intravenous antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, and CT-guided abdominal drainage, with resolution of sepsis, and further outpatient care was transferred to our unit. Follow-up endoscopy demonstrated a diverticulum arising from the posterior aspect of the gastric fundus, with normal mucosa throughout the remaining stomach, while CT showed an additional cystic lesion arising from the greater curvature, with thickening of the adjacent gastric wall consistent with a gastric duplication cyst (GDC). Laparoscopy confirmed a small diverticulum at the fundus, and a large GDC anteriorly with associated omental adhesions consistent with prior perforation—two wedge resections were performed. Histology demonstrated no evidence of malignancy or ectopic mucosa. The patient recovered uneventfully and remained free from recurrent symptoms at 6 weeks postoperatively. GDC is a rare entity, which may be associated with ectopic mucosa, malignant transformation and upper gastrointestinal perforation. No previous report describes the coexistence of a GDC and gastric diverticulum. Herein we describe the investigation and management of this condition, and review the associated peer-reviewed literature.
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Alam, AKM Shafiul, Muhammad Mofazzal Hossain, and Swapan Kumar Biswas. "A Patient with Chronic Lumbar Pain Diagnosed as Giant Calcified Splenic Hydatid Cyst." Faridpur Medical College Journal 15, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v15i1.49012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease, caused by Echinococcus Granulosus, mostly found in sheep rearing area of the world but not commonly found in our country. Hydatid disease commonly affects the liver and less frequently the lungs and other organs. Among them splenic hydatid disease has been reported to be 0.5-4%. Here we report a case of a giant calcified splenic hydatid cyst presented with only chronic lumbar pain. A 45 year old female presented with left lumbar pain for the last 1 year. She had no other complaint. She had no pet dog or sheep at home. Physical examination showed no abnormality. A computerized scan revealed a mass in the spleen with round calcification at its margin measuring 7.56×7.96 cm in diameters. Indirect haemagglutination (IHA) for hydatid disease test was negative. Complete blood count, renal and liver function tests were within the normal limit. The patient was clinically diagnosed as splenic hydatid disease and managed by splenectomy after proper immunization. There was a hard calcified mass involving almost whole of the spleen, only thin rim of splenic tissue was present in superior surface. The rest of the abdominal organs including the liver were normal. Total splenectomy was done. Post operative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged on 12th post operative day. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid disease. The patient was followed up for two years without any further development of hydatosis in any organ.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2020;15(1): 46-49
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Wu, Yuhuan, Huan Peng, Shiming Liu, Hudie Shao, Yunqing Li, Yingdong Zhang, Yaning Li, Daqun Liu, and Deliang Peng. "Investigation and Identification of Cyst Nematodes in the Bashang Region of Hebei, China." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cyst nematodes are one of the most important pathogens worldwide. Most cyst nematode species have been reported recently in China. From 2016 to 2020, an extensive survey of cyst nematodes was conducted in the Bashang region of Hebei Province. A total of 158 soil samples were collected, and cyst-forming nematodes were isolated from five soil samples. Morphological and molecular characterization showed that four of the cyst-forming nematode populations were Heterodera glycines (SCN), named populations of ZM, KM, CB and FN, respectively. These SCN populations were collected from Zhangbei County, Kangbao County, Chabei Management Area of Zhangjiakou and Fengning Manchu Autonomous County of Chengde, respectively, where the corresponding cyst densities were 57, 41, 103 and 31 cysts/200 cc soil. Furthermore, the populations of ZM, KM and CB were identified as race 4, whereas the FN population was identified as race 3. The cyst-forming nematode population was collected from Zhangbei County of Zhangjiakou, which was confirmed to be Heterodera schachtii (SBCN), named population ZZ, and the cyst density was 94 cysts/200 cc soil. It is a new disease of Chinese cabbage caused by SBCN based on Koch’s postulates. Fourteen cultivars from five plant families were evaluated as hosts for SBCN. Chinese cabbage (cv. Linglonghuang012) and cabbage (cv. Chunwang) were suitable hosts, while celery (cv. Yuhuang), potato (cv. Helan 15) and eggplant (cv. Junlang) were nonhosts. The obtained results regarding the occurrence, distribution, races of SCN and hosts of SBCN in the Bashang region in this study provide a reference for SCN and SBCN management.
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Cikrikcioglu, Mehmet, Mehmet Hursitoglu, Hafize Erkal, Nilay Karaca, Sati Coraoglu, and Tufan Tukek. "Secondary cold agglutinin disease associated with Hashimoto disease." Open Medicine 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-009-0070-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOur case involves a 53 year old woman. Three years ago, she was investigated because of normal hemoglobin levels despite very a low erythrocyte count, which was revealed during the preoperative evaluation for ovarian cyst operation. The Direct Coombs test was found to be positive against complement and negative against IgG. Cold agglutinin titer was 1/448 (+). Due to the polyclonal IgM increase, secondary cold agglutinin disease (CAD) was considered but no factor could be found that would lead to cold agglutinin disease. During the post-operative follow-up, cold agglutinin titers increased with fluctuations in the patient. Twenty-four months after transabdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooopherectomy operation, diagnosis of Hashimoto disease was made upon detection of subclinical hypothyroidism. No case of Hashimoto disease associated with CAD caused by polyclonal IgM has been reported until the present time.
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Thullen, Timothy D., Alan D. Ashbaugh, Kieran R. Daly, Michael J. Linke, Paul E. Steele, and Peter D. Walzer. "Sensitized Splenocytes Result in Deleterious Cytokine Cascade and Hyperinflammatory Response in Rats with Pneumocystis Pneumonia despite the Presence of Corticosteroids." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 2 (February 2004): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.2.757-765.2004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The immune response to the opportunistic pulmonary pathogen Pneumocystis can have beneficial and harmful effects on the host despite the presence of corticosteroids. We hypothesized that this deleterious hyperinflammatory response is associated with exaggerated cytokine production. The adoptive transfer of at least 107 immune splenocytes reduced the cyst count in rats with corticosteroid-induced pneumocystosis. About 18% of these rats developed clinical illness, an increased lung weight/body weight (LW/BW) ratio, and elevated levels of interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-5, IL-10, and gamma interferon in the lungs. This hyperinflammatory reaction was not observed in rats that remained clinically well or in control rats. Thus, in this model, corticosteroids have little effect on the cytokine cascade or other adverse effects of the host immune response to Pneumocystis.
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Hamal, Diwa, Santosh Kafle, Prerna Arjyal Kafle, Prija Poudyal, Binaya Lamichhane, and Ben Limbu. "Orbital Myocysticercosis different Presentation and Management in Eastern Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 12, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v12i1.24771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Ocular cysticercosis is a preventable cause of blindness. It is caused by parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of Taenia solium. Poor sanitation and improper management of food and meat products are the major causes for cysticercosis infestation.
Case: Two cases of myocysticercosis presented to our hospital differently. A 12 years boy, first case presented with drooping of right eye (RE) upper lid with recurrent swelling, pain, redness with mild headache and intermittent vomiting for 1 and half months. On examination swelling of RE upper lid, mild ptosis, abaxial proptosis with restricted motility in upgaze was noted. Orbital CT (computer tomography) scan and ocular ultrasound reports showed findings suggestive of myocysticercosis of superior rectus muscle of RE. Routine microscopic examination (RME) of stool demonstrated eggs of Taenia. Complete blood count (CBC) showed eosinophilia. As a suspected case of myocysticercosis and since the patient resided at an endemic zone, empirical therapy with albendazole and steroid was started to continue for 4 weeks. After one week the patient presented with features suggestive of RE orbital cellulitis. With proper counseling about medical therapy and cyst excision, the patient recovered well with only mild RE upper lid ptosis of 2mm. The histopathological examination (HPE) of the excised cyst was suggestive of inflammatory cystic lesion. A 55 years male presented as a second case to us with gradually increasing mass in the RE lower lid with a history of pain, difficulty in opening RE and intermittent swelling of RE 2 months back. On examination RE lower lid mass with exotropia of 15 degree, mild hypertropia was noted. CT scan showed presence of cystic mass 3.5x2x1.5cm in the right orbit involving the right inferior rectus muscle, abutting and displacing the globe superolaterally. CBC showed eosinophilia. Post cyst excision patient recovered well with remaining mild restriction in infraduction most probably due to fibrosis. HPE was conclusive of cysticercus cellulosae. Both the patients improved well with no recurrence until last visit 17 months in 12 years boy and 6 months in 55 years male after which he lost to follow.
Conclusion: Myocysticercosis can occur at any age. There is equal importance of clinical, radiological, microbiological and histopathological support for proper diagnosis and management of cysticercosis. Medical therapy along with surgical excision of the cyst with it’s content may be needed in the management of myocysticersosis.
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Watson, Mallory, and Benjamin S. Perry. "Thyroid Carcinoma in a 13-Year-Old Bengal." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6853.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT A 13 yr old male neutered Bengal cat was evaluated for a ventral cervical swelling, occasional vomiting, and decreased energy. Serum biochemistry, complete blood count, and physical examination were unremarkable apart from the cervical swelling. Serosanguinous fluid was drained from the cyst-like structure; however, the mass returned. Computed tomographic imaging revealed a large rounded-to-oval–shaped cystic structure in the region of the right thyroid gland with no obvious metastatic changes to the pulmonary parenchyma. The mass was surgically excised, and the tissues were histologically consistent with thyroid carcinoma. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was present 6 mo postoperatively. Thyroid carcinomas are rarely reported in domestic cats; consequently, there is little research available on the topic. Until more research is made available, veterinarians may look to information available in canine literature to guide their treatment plans, but no definitive statements regarding therapy and ultimate prognosis can be made.
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Lutz, Bérénice, Adeline Betting, Alan Kovacevic, Alexane Durand, Corinne Gurtner, Taina S. Kaiponen, Hans Kooistra, Miguel Campos, and Yi Cui. "Dilated cardiomyopathy in a cat with congenital hyposomatotropism." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 205511692210864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20551169221086437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Case summary A 7-month-old domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of stunted growth, recurrent hypoglycaemia during the first months of its life and altered mentation. Complete blood count and biochemistry were unremarkable, except for mildly elevated serum creatinine concentration (despite low muscle mass) and concurrent isosthenuria. Hyposomatotropism was diagnosed based on persistent low circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations and a lack of response of circulating growth hormone (GH) concentration after the administration of GH-releasing hormone. Other endocrinopathies such as hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism were excluded. MRI of the brain revealed a fluid-filled empty sella tursica, consistent with a pituitary cyst and atrophy/hypoplasia of the pituitary. Echocardiography was unremarkable at the time of diagnosis of hyposomatotropism. Three months later, ovariohysterectomy revealed immature ovaries, raising the suspicion of luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency. At 1 year of age, the cat developed congestive heart failure secondarily to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with severely reduced left ventricular systolic function and died a few days later. Pathology showed atrophy of the adenohypophysis, epithelial delineation of the pituitary cysts, mild cardiomegaly, multifocal fibrosis of the left ventricle and a mild, multifocal, chronic epicarditis. Relevance and novel information GH deficiency is a very rare endocrinopathy in cats. This is the first case to describe the development of DCM with concurrent hyposomatotropism, which has previously been reported in human medicine. Other notable abnormalities that could be related to GH deficiency are juvenile self-limiting hypoglycaemia, behavioural changes and possible nephropathy.
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Crum-Cianflone, Nancy, April Truett, and Mark R. Wallace. "Case Report:Cryptococcal Meningitis Manifesting as a Large Abdominal Cyst in a HIV-Infected Patient with a CD4 Count Greater than 400 cells/mm3." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 22, no. 5 (May 2008): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2007.0085.
Повний текст джерела
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Nour, Sarah M., John R. Lawrence, Hong Zhu, George D. W. Swerhone, Martha Welsh, Tom W. Welacky, and Edward Topp. "Bacteria Associated with Cysts of the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 1 (January 2003): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.1.607-615.2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, causes economically significant damage to soybeans (Glycine max) in many parts of the world. The cysts of this nematode can remain quiescent in soils for many years as a reservoir of infection for future crops. To investigate bacterial communities associated with SCN cysts, cysts were obtained from eight SCN-infested farms in southern Ontario, Canada, and analyzed by culture-dependent and -independent means. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observations of cyst contents revealed a microbial flora located on the cyst exterior, within a polymer plug region and within the cyst. Microscopic counts using 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazine-2-yl)aminofluorescein staining and in situ hybridization (EUB 338) indicated that the cysts contained (2.6 ± 0.5) × 105 bacteria (mean ± standard deviation) with various cellular morphologies. Filamentous fungi were also observed. Live-dead staining indicated that the majority of cyst bacteria were viable. The probe Nile red also bound to the interior polymer, indicating that it is lipid rich in nature. Bacterial community profiles determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis were simple in composition. Bands shared by all eight samples included the actinobacterium genera Actinomadura and Streptomyces. A collection of 290 bacteria were obtained by plating macerated surface-sterilized cysts onto nutrient broth yeast extract agar or on actinomycete medium. These were clustered into groups of siblings by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR fingerprinting, and representative isolates were tentatively identified on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence. Thirty phylotypes were detected, with the collection dominated by Lysobacter and Variovorax spp. This study has revealed the cysts of this important plant pathogen to be rich in a variety of bacteria, some of which could presumably play a role in the ecology of SCN or have potential as biocontrol agents.
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Ying, Yingfen, Tanchu Yang, Huina Zhang, Chang Liu, and Junzhao Zhao. "Prolonged pituitary down-regulation with full-dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in different menstrual cycles: a retrospective cohort study." PeerJ 7 (April 29, 2019): e6837. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background The efficiency of prolonged down-regulation caused by a full-dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) injected during different menstrual phases has not yet been researched. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of GnRH-a, which was used in different phases of the menstrual cycle in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 320 patients received a prolonged pituitary down-regulated full-dose (3.75 mg) of triptorelin in the early follicular phase, and 160 patients received the same full-dose of triptorelin during the mid-luteal phase. Clinical and laboratory outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results The basic characteristics of the two groups were comparable. The mean number of retrieved oocytes, fertilized oocytes, cleavage oocytes and good quality embryos were comparable between the two groups. Although there was a higher antral follicle count, cyst formation rate, fertilization rate and cleavage rate in the follicular phase group, no statistically significant effects were seen on implantation rate (41.15% vs. 45.91%), clinical pregnancy rate (60.38% vs. 61.36%), ongoing pregnancy rate (57.74% vs. 57.58%), live birth rate (56.23% vs. 57.58%) or early abortion rate (2.64% vs. 3.79%) per fresh transfer cycle. Moreover, severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rates at the early stage (1.89% vs. 2.27%) were low in both groups. Conclusions Prolonged pituitary down-regulation achieved by utilizing a full-dose of GnRH-a administrated in either phase of the menstrual cycle can have a positive effect on ongoing pregnancy rate and live-birth rate per fresh embryo transfer cycle. Ovarian cyst formation rate was higher in the follicular phase group, but this did not have any adverse impact on clinical results.
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Gavaghan, P. D., J. L. Sykora, W. Jakubowski, C. A. Sorber, A. M. Sninsky, M. D. Lichte, and G. Keleti. "Inactivation of Giardia by Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1993): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sludge produced by a model wastewater treatment plant and anaerobically digested at 37°C in a laboratory digester was seeded with G. muris cysts. Samples from the digester were collected at 0:15, 4:00, 8:00, 11:30 and 26:00 hrs. Cyst inactivation was measured by excystation and direct counts of G. muris cysts using a hemacytometer and a phase contrast microscope. The results showed that 99.9% of the cysts were inactivated within apgroximately 18:00 hrs of exposure. This demonstrates that the standard sludge digestion (37°C for 24 hrs) will eliminate most of the cysts (greater than 99.9%).