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Статті в журналах з теми "Cylinder bundles"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Umeda, Shinzaburo, and Wen-Jei Yang. "FLOW CHARACTERISTICS INSIDE DIAMOND-SHAPED CYLINDER BUNDLES(Flow around Cylinder 2)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.539.

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2

Mohany, A. "Self-Excited Acoustic Resonance of Isolated Cylinders in Cross-Flow." AECL Nuclear Review 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/anr.2012.00007.

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Self-excited acoustic resonance is a design concern in many engineering applications such as tube bundles of heat exchangers and boilers. Since this phenomenon is not yet fully understood, it can be dangerously unpredictable. Due to the complexity of the flow-sound interaction mechanisms in tube bundles, the simplified cases of a single cylinder and two cylinders in various arrangements, tandem and staggered, are investigated in some detail. A summary of these investigations is presented in the current paper. It is found that the aeroacoustic response of two-tandem and side-by-side cylinders in cross-flow can be considerably different from that of a single cylinder under similar flow conditions. Moreover, for the case of two tandem cylinders, the acoustic resonance is excited over two different ranges of flow velocity; the pre-coincidence and the coincidence resonance ranges. The pre-coincidence acoustic resonance phenomenon is found to be similar to the acoustic resonance mechanism of in-line tube bundles.

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3

Huang, Chien-Sheng, Ming-Fa Lin, and Der-San Chuu. "Elementary Excitations in Cylinder Bundles." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 67, no. 7 (July 15, 1998): 2522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.67.2522.

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4

Pizzolato, Thompson Demetrio. "Vascular system of the fertile spikelet of Sorghum (Gramineae: Panicoideae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 656–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-088.

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The vascular system of the sessile, fertile spikelet of Sorghum was reconstructed from serial transverse sections. The vascular system is a composite of the basipetal extensions of the traces from the appendages on the rachilla. The rachilla immediately above the glumes consists of an outer and an inner series of these vascular extensions. The basipetal continuations of the median traces of the sterile and fertile lemmas, and of the traces from the stamens comprise the inner series. The outer series consists of the continuations of the many lodicule traces and of vascular bundles descending from the posterior of the pistil. The component of the vascular system related to the pistil is a plexus of xylem and phloem in the form of a hollow cylinder traversed by a large vascular bundle that is the basipetal continuation of the stylar bundles. Bundles from the anterior of the pistil merge with the hollow cylinder at its anterior. Several collateral bundles from the placenta merge with the hollow cylinder at its posterior. Distal portions of these placental bundles supply the short chalaza of the ovule but do not enter it. The vascular system of the fertile spikelet of Sorghum is typical of the Panicoideae, and is useful in distinguishing the Panicoideae from the other subfamilies of grasses. Key words: Sorghum, spikelet, floret, vascular system.

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5

Zhang, C., M. J. Pettigrew, and N. W. Mureithi. "Vibration Excitation Force Measurements in a Rotated Triangular Tube Bundle Subjected to Two-Phase Cross Flow." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2388996.

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Two-phase cross flow exists in many shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Flow-induced vibration excitation forces can cause tube motion that will result in long-term fretting-wear or fatigue. Detailed vibration excitation force measurements in tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross flow are required to understand the underlying vibration excitation mechanisms. An experimental program was undertaken with a rotated-triangular array of cylinders subjected to air/water flow to simulate two-phase mixtures over a broad range of void fraction and mass fluxes. Both the dynamic lift and drag forces were measured with strain gage instrumented cylinders. The experiments revealed somewhat unexpected but significant quasi-periodic forces in both the drag and lift directions. The periodic forces appeared well correlated along the cylinder with the drag force somewhat better correlated than the lift forces. The periodic forces are also dependent on the position of the cylinder within the bundle.

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6

Laliberté, Sylvie, and Joachim Vieth. "Modifications structurales des faisceaux vasculaires primaires de la tige de Cordyline indivisa (Agavaceae). 2. Répartition des différents stades structuraux dans le cylindre primaire, en fonction de la distance sous l'apex." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-042.

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In Cordyline indivisa Kunth, an anatomical modification occurs in the primary bundles, in relation to the pattern of their longitudinal course. Consequently, in a given transverse section of the stem, the bundles may be in different structural stages (collateral, intermediate types 1 and 2, amphivasal). All the procambial or primary vascular bundles in the upper 8.59 mm of the stem of an 18-month-old plant were recorded. At regular intervals below the apex, the numbers and percentages of bundles showing each of the structural stages were also recorded. Based on the pattern of bundle construction previously shown for this species, the constitution of the primary cylinder at various distances below the apex is explained in relation to the distribution of the different structural stages.

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7

Espinosa-Flores, Amando, Leszek S. Jankiewicz, and Samuel Salazar-Garia. "Arrangement of vascular tissues in the peduncle of avocado (Persea americana Mill.)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 57, no. 1 (2014): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1988.006.

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In all three investigated cultivars, the thin part of the peduncle which originates from the inflorescence axes contained a continuous cylinder of vascular tissue interrupted only occasionally by the gaps accompanying the traces of already abscised ramifications of the inflorescence. In the cvs. Principe Negro and Fuerte, the most distal, "thick" part of the peduncle (where the tepal traces separate) contained the vascular cylinder transformed into a group of concentric or semicircular bundles. These bundles joined anew at the point where the peduncle united with the fruit, forming once more a continuous cylinder of vascular tissues. Within the fruit, the vascular cylinder divided into numerous bundles penetrating the pulp. In cv. Hass the vascular cylinder was continuous in a11 parts of the peduncle, and was interrupted only occasionally by gaps.

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8

OKAMOTO, Shiki, Tomomichi NAKAMURA, Shinobu HIGASHI, and Motoji YAGI. "Fluid Force Acting on Circular Cylinder Bundles in Forced Vibration. 2nd Report. Three rows circular cylinder bundles." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 64, no. 628 (1998): 4001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.64.4001.

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9

HASEGAWA, Seizou, Shinzaburo UMEDA, and Wen-Jei YANG. "Flow Oscillation inside Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2004.2 (2004): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2004.2.0_333.

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10

Półka, Marzena, and Bożena Kukfisz. "Butle i wiązki acetylenowe w warunkach pożaru." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.48.

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The purpose of this article is to present fire and explosion properties of acetylene, the requirements for storing and transporting this gas, and to present the results of tests conducted on single acetylene cylinders and on cylinder bundles. Hazardous area coverage during rescue operations involving acetylene cylinders in open areas should be at least 300 m. Care must be taken when handling rescue operations and all available safety measures should be used.

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11

Lin, Wei Keng, Jong Rong Wang, Yung Shin Tseng, and Jui En Chang. "Using CFD Couple with Visual Basic to Investigate the Thermal Behavior for Fuel Rod Bowing Problem." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.688.

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Nuclear fuel elements assemblies are generally consists of fuel rod bundles; each bundle is a concentric cylinder with three layers. Taking GE-8X8 for example, there is pellet, gap, and cladding from inside to outside. The diameter for each concentric cylinder is 9.26cm, 9.47cm, and 10.71cm respectively. In reality, a structure deformation may happen to those components due to the reason of radiation result in the high temperature of the bundles system. For the space of gap decreases by the expansion of pellet, the thermal conductivity might be under predicted and there is not enough study about this topic yet. To improve the accuracy of PRAs, more studies of the shrink phenomena on the gap between pellet and cladding are necessary. In this study, we had developed a program on the purpose of processes improvement for CFD simulation about spent fuel dry storage system. The program can adjust the dimension for each part of formation very friendly. We think it can also do some help on the needs if we want to compare the performance on heat transfer for different fraction on each part of bundle. In addition, the axial power distributions of the rod were also defined file by the user very easy, the results shown no obviously temperature difference between the full gap and 90% reduction of the gap.

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12

Kuo-Huang, Ling-Long, Yan-San Huang, Shin-Shin Chen, and Yi-Ru Huang. "GROWTH STRESSES AND RELATED ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN COCONUT PALM TREES." IAWA Journal 25, no. 3 (2004): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000367.

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The surface growth strains and the distribution of internal stresses in woody palms, coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), were determined by measuring the strains released by the kerf method using strain gauges. Measurements of the surface strains showed that longitudinal tensile stresses existed at the cortex, while longitudinal compressive stresses existed at the periphery of the central cylinder. These stresses may be generated from the fibers located in the scattered fiber and vascular bundles. In the central cylinder of narrow and wide trunks, both positive and negative stresses were observed, indicating the existence of some tensile and compressive stresses in the trunks. The amount of stress varied from base to top and from periphery to core because of the variation in proportion of the vascular bundles and the fibers, and the cell wall layers of fibers along these points. Furthermore, changes in the angle of vascular bundles and of the fiber microfibrils were correlated with the various tensile and compressive stresses located in the central cylinder of the trunks.

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13

DeMason, Darleen A., and Mark A. Wilson. "The continuity of primary and secondary growth in Cordyline terminalis (Agavaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-269.

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Анотація:

The primary thickening meristem in Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth was found to be continuous with the secondary thickening meristem in vegetative shoots. This could be seen in longitudinal and transverse sections stained with azure B, aniline blue–black, or safranin and fast green. The primary thickening meristem was a wide zone in the crown, and initial cells were arranged in anticlinal files which were continuous from an area within the central cylinder to the outer cortex. The secondary thickening meristem was narrow in radial extent and consisted of initial cells which were arranged in short, anticlinal files. When vascular bundles were followed (and plotted) acropetally from serial transverse sections starting with groups of anastomosing secondary bundles, secondary bundles were continuous with both major and minor axial primary bundles or with procambial strands. All bundles were collateral in the crown but became amphivasal in the intermediate region of the central cylinder and remained so in the secondary tissue. Procambial strands ran along or within the thickening meristem at all levels of the stem. These observations lead us to believe that in Cordyline terminalis (i) the primary and secondary thickening meristems function as a single entity and (ii) the primary and secondary bundles describe a single, continuus vascular system.

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14

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Wen-Jei YANG, and Shyunichi SAKANISHI. "Flow Characteristics in the Duct of Quadrilateral Cylinder Bundles." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 66, no. 649 (2000): 2335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.66.649_2335.

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15

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Wen-Jei YANG, Shunichi SAKANISHI, and Takashi MIYAZAKI. "Characteristics of Wake Flows in Diamond-shaped Cylinder Bundles with Different Numbers of Row Bundles." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 19, Supplement1 (1999): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.19.supplement1_405.

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16

Rovensky, YuA, and V. I. Samoilov. "Morphogenetic response of cultured normal and transformed fibroblasts, and epitheliocytes, to a cylindrical substratum surface. Possible role for the actin filament bundle pattern." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.5.1255.

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Morphometric characteristics such as cell area, dispersion, elongation and orientation were studied in normal and transformed fibroblasts, and in epitheliocytes cultured on flat or cylindrical substrata. Cylindrical surfaces with a high degree of curvature (12-13 or 25 microns radii) were shown to affect cell size, shape and alignment. The reaction of the cells to the curvature of cylindrical substrata was different in various cell types studied and depended on the pattern of actin microfilament bundles. The cells containing pronounced straight actin bundles (mouse embryo fibroblasts at the polarization stage of spreading, single spread cells of the ‘normal’ epithelial FBT line or the fully transformed epithelial IAR 6–1 line) were relatively resistant to bending around a cylindrical substratum, and became elongated and oriented along the cylinder. Cells with circular actin bundles as the predominant pattern (mouse embryo fibroblasts at the radial stage of spreading, single spread cells of ‘normal’ epithelial IAR 20 line) and cells with insufficient or no actin bundles (transformed fibroblastic L line) were prone to bending around a cylinder with much less pronounced elongation and orientation along its axis. The data obtained indicate that the reaction of cultured cells to the geometry of the substratum surface and, in particular, to a cylindrical surface is determined not only by the presence or absence of actin microfilament bundles but by their pattern in the cell.

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17

Lin, W. H., and A. C. Raptis. "Acoustic Resonances in Cylinder Bundles Oscillating in a Compressible Fluid." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 108, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264769.

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This paper deals with an analytical study on acoustic resonances of elastic oscillations of a group of parallel, circular, thin cylinders in an unbounded volume of barotropic, compressible, inviscid fluid. The perturbed motion of the fluid is assumed due entirely to the flexural oscillations of the cylinders. The motion of the fluid disturbances is first formulated in a three-dimensional wave form and then casted into a two-dimensional Helmholtz equation for the harmonic motion in time and in axial space. The acoustic motion in the fluid and the elastic motion in the cylinders are solved simultaneously. Acoustic resonances were approximately determined from the secular (eigenvalue) equation by the method of successive iteration with the use of digital computers for a given set of the fluid properties and the cylinders’ geometry and properties. Effects of the flexural wavenumber and the configuration of and the spacing between the cylinders on the acoustic resonances were thoroughly investigated.

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18

Fisher, F. J. F., D. L. Ehret, and J. Hollingdale. "The pattern of vascular deployment near the pulvinus of the solar-tracking leaf of Lavatera cretica (Malvaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 2109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-290.

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Distinguishable files of xylem and phloem elements that originate in first-order branches of the seven palmate major veins of Lavatera cretica leaves become separated from files unique to the radially aligned sections of the same veins before entering the pulvinus at the distal end of the petiole. The major veins initially merge to form a double coaxial tube: the outer cylinder comprises files unique to the major veins and the inner cylinder comprises files from lateral branches. Subsequent splitting, unfolding, and recombining of these cylinders results in the single narrow flexible tube constituting the hinge of the pulvinus. Proximal to this point, in L. cretica, the files reseparate into six alternately large and small petiolar bundles. The observed vascular pattern offers a means whereby signals from the lamina that elicit sun-tracking movements by the pulvinus can be integrated.

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19

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Akira TANIGUCHI, Seizou HASEGAWA, Masahiro SONOO, and Yasuhiko OZAKI. "Power Spectra of Divergent Flows in Diamond-shaped Cylinder Bundles." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2002.3 (2002): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2002.3.0_269.

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20

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Seizo HASEGAWA, and Wen-Jei YANG. "Occurrence of Flip-Flop Flows in Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Journal of Environment and Engineering 2, no. 1 (2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jee.2.1.

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21

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, and Syuuichi TORII. "0105 Diffusion of Jet-Streams from Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2012 (2012): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2012.13.

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22

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Seizou HASEGAWA, Akira TANIGUCHI, Shinzou MANMOTO, and Kiyoshi HORII. "Turbulence of Ambivalent Jet Flows around Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2002 (2002): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2002.59.

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23

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Seizo HASEGAWA, and Wen-Jei YANG. "Characteristics of Flip-Flop Flows in Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 70, no. 699 (2004): 2853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.70.2853.

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24

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Seizo HASEGAWA, and Wen-Jei YANG. "Occurrence of Flip-Flop Flows in Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 71, no. 712 (2005): 2949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.71.2949.

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25

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Seizou HASEGAWA, and Wen Jei YANG. "Oscillation Characteristics of Flip-Flop Flow inside Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2003 (2003): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2003.125.

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26

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Seizou HASEGAWA, Masahiro SONOO, and Wen Jei YANG. "Velocity Fluctuations in Diverging-Flow Region inside Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.7 (2003): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.7.0_253.

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27

Puławska, Z. "General and peculiar features of vascular organization and development in shoots of Bougainvillaea glabra Choisy (Nyctaginaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 41, no. 1 (2015): 39–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1972.005.

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In the present study developmental relations between peripheral meristematic cylinder and vascular bundles of the young parts of the shoots and the relations between these bundles from the young elongating parts and those formed during secondary thickening has been elucidated. The suggestion is advanced that the limited lateral extension of bundles is an important developmental feature of the vascular system of <i>Bougainvillaea glabra</i> Choisy. The organization of the vascular system in thick fast growing sprouts and in the thin slow growing lateral shoots are described. It is shown that the quantitative differences in vascular organization, between both types of shoots are the manifestation of a close morphological harmonistation of the entire shoot, and particularly of its entire vascular system.

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28

Maas, John L., and Michael J. Line. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microimaging of Strawberry Flower Buds and Fruit." HortScience 30, no. 5 (August 1995): 1090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.5.1090.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to examine tissue structure and developmental changes during growth and maturation of plant organs nondestructively. Spin-lattice, relaxation time (T1)-weighted, inversion recovery, spin-echo images of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) flower buds were acquired at 3 and 1 day before anthesis and receptacles at 4, 10, 15, and 25 days after anthesis (DAA). The central pith and ovules of flower buds imaged intensely with inversion echo times between 0.1 and 0.5 seconds. Achenes and the vascular cylinder, composed of vascular bundles surrounding the pith, were prominent in receptacles at 4 and 10 DAA. Vascular bundles leading to achene positions, cortex and pith tissues, and the vascular cylinder were evident in receptacles at all developmental stages. A general trend to homogeneity of structure was observed in images of receptacles nearing full maturity (25 DAA). Inversion recovery, spin-echo NMR microimaging may be useful for studying internal physicochemical changes in flower buds and fruit of strawberry and of other fruit crops.

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29

Wilder, George J. "Anatomy of Dianthoveus cremnophilus (Cyclanthaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 3580–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-440.

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Dianthoveus is a monotypic genus of the Cyclanthaceae and in this paper the anatomy of D. cremnophilus is described, including that of the lamina, petiole, peduncle, rhizome and first-order root. The lamina within interridge areas is hypostomatic and the mesophyll between boundary layers exhibits either two main regions according to sizes of intercellular spaces, or three main regions according to wall thickness of ordinary parenchyma cells. Expansion tissue occurs opposite adaxial and abaxial ridges of the lamina and where the median costa and noncostal portions of lamina are joined together. The petiole exhibits three main zones of ground tissue and the median costa has two to three zones. Certain veins of the petiole compose a conspicuous V in cross section. The peduncle has four main zones of ground tissue, including pith. This organ contains simple vascular bundles (commonly, collateral bundles) and bipolar compound vascular bundles. The rhizome has a conspicuous periderm, cortex (including endodermis), and central cylinder. Diverse forms of vascular bundles occur within the central cylinder, e.g., collateral, amphivasal, compound-tetrapolar, and compound-multipolar. In the first-order root the cortex exhibits various regions, including exodermis and endodermis, and the stele contains peripheral and nonperipheral fascicles, each type of fascicle of either xylem or phloem. Styloid sacs and raphide sacs occur in all and some organs studied, respectively, and in the rhizome and interridge areas of the lamina the styloid sacs are randomly oriented and abundant. Mucilage canals occur in the peduncle and petiole. These anatomical data are used to compare Dianthoveus with other cyclanthaceous genera, particularly Evodianthus.

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30

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Akira TANIGUCHI, Seizou HASEGAWA, and Wen-Jei YANG. "Visualization of Flows in Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles Using LDV and PIV." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 22, no. 1Supplement (2002): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.22.1supplement_185.

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31

OKAMOTO, Shiki, Yannis HARDALUPAS, Junichi FUJITA, Jun TAKENAKA, and Suguru KATANO. "Unsteady Flow around Two-Dimensional Circular Cylinder Bundles in Fluid Elastic Vibration." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B 64, no. 627 (1998): 3565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.64.3565.

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32

Bliznakova, Kristina, Zacharias Kamarianakis, Aris Dermitzakis, Zhivko Bliznakov, Ivan Buliev, and Nicolas Pallikarakis. "Modelling of small CFRP aerostructure parts for X-ray imaging simulation." International Journal of Structural Integrity 5, no. 3 (August 12, 2014): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-02-2014-0009.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a realistic computational model of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures dedicated for in-silico investigations of the use of X-ray-based imaging techniques as non-destructive testing (NDT) of CFRP parts. Design/methodology/approach – CFRPs contain layers of carbon-fibres bundles within resin. Bundles’ orientation in the different layers is arranged with respect to each other at a well-defined primary direction. In the model, the bundle was simulated as a circular cylinder. The resulted model is a stack of layers of unidirectional bundles having orientation of 0°/90°/45°/−45°. Two CFRP structures were modelled: a flat CFRP part and a real shaped CFRP clip. A porous layer and non-carbon fibres were inserted within each model, respectively. X-ray projection images were generated with a dedicated simulation programme. Three setups were investigated: radiography, tomosynthesis and cone-beam CT (CBCT). Findings – Results showed that porosity and non-carbon fibres were visible with all X-ray-based techniques. Tomosynthesis and CBCT, however, provide higher quality image of defects. Practical implications – The CFRP computational model is a valuable tool in design, testing and optimization phase of X-ray-based imaging techniques for use in NDT of composite materials. Simulated images are generated within a short time; thus results from virtual optimization and testing are obtained very fast and at low cost. Originality/value – An innovative computational model of CFRP structures, dedicated for X-ray imaging simulations, has been developed. The model is characterized by simplicity in its creation and realistic visual appearance of the produced X-ray images.

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33

Yang, Wen-Jei, and Shinzaburo Umeda. "FLUID-SURFACE INTERACTION INSIDE DIAMOND-SHAPED CYLINDER BUNDLES EXPLORED BY MEANS OF LDV." Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing 16, no. 4 (2009): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jflowvisimageproc.v16.i4.50.

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34

Torii, Shuichi, and Shizaburo Umeda. "Flip-Flop Flow Control inside Streamwise Diverging Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles with Concavities." Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 01, no. 03 (2013): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jfcmv.2013.13010.

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35

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Seizou HASEGAWA, and Wen-Jei YANG. "618 Flip-Flop Flows with Upstream-Induced Disturbances inside Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2003 (2003): _618–1_—_618–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2003._618-1_.

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36

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, and Syuichi TORII. "S053041 Visualization of Flip-Flop Flows inside Streamwise Diverging Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _S053041–1—_S053041–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._s053041-1.

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37

He, Qi, Jian Pang, Hong-Liang Dai, Xiao-Min Xu, and Xing-Quan Li. "Thermo-electro–elastic behavior of a carbon nanotubes bundles–reinforced electro-active polymer hollow cylinder considering hierarchical structure of the bundles." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, no. 23-24 (July 31, 2019): 1089–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419866256.

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38

Cattai, Marina B., and Nanuza L. de Menezes. "Primary and secondary thickening in the stem of Cordyline fruticosa (Agavaceae)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 82, no. 3 (September 2010): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652010000300013.

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The growth in thickness of monocotyledon stems can be either primary, or primary and secondary. Most of the authors consider this thickening as a result of the PTM (Primary Thickening Meristem) and the STM (Secondary Thickening Meristem) activity. There are differences in the interpretation of which meristem would be responsible for primary thickening. In Cordyline fruticosa the procambium forms two types of vascular bundles: collateral leaf traces (with proto and metaxylem and proto and metaphloem), and concentric cauline bundles (with metaxylem and metaphloem). The procambium also forms the pericycle, the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder consisting of smaller and less intensely colored cells that are divided irregularly to form new vascular bundles. The pericycle continues the procambial activity, but only produces concentric cauline bundles. It was possible to conclude that the pericycle is responsible for the primary thickening of this species. Further away from the apex, the pericyclic cells undergo periclinal divisions and produce a meristematic layer: the secondary thickening meristem. The analysis of serial sections shows that the pericycle and STM are continuous in this species, and it is clear that the STM originates in the pericycle.The endodermis is acknowledged only as the innermost layer of the cortex.

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39

Keyhani, M., F. A. Kulacki, and R. N. Christensen. "Experimental Investigation of Free Convection in a Vertical Rod Bundle—A General Correlation for Nusselt Numbers." Journal of Heat Transfer 107, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247468.

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Free convection in two vertical, enclosed rod bundles has been experimentally investigated for a wide range of Rayleigh numbers. A uniform power dissipation per unit length is supplied to each rod, and the enclosing outer cylinder is maintained at constant temperature. Nusselt numbers for each rod, as well as an overall value for each bundle, have been obtained as a function of Rayleigh number. Comparison of the results for air and water as the working fluid indicate that, for a fixed Rayleigh number, an increase in the Prandtl number produces a reduction in the Nusselt number. This is contrary to what has been reported for vertical cavities and is attributed to curvature effects. Furthermore, the data reveal the interesting fact that it is quite possible for the individual rods in the bundle to exchange energy with the working fluid via different but coexisting regimes at a given power dissipation. Also, as the Rayleigh number is increased, the rods each tend to assume nearly the same heat transfer coefficient. Finally, a correlation for the overall convective Nusselt number is developed in terms of Rayleigh number and geometric parameters.

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40

Rajput, Kishore S., and K. S. Rao. "CAMBIAL VARIANT AND XYLEM STRUCTURE IN THE STEM OF COCCULUS HIRSUTUS (MENISPERMACEAE)." IAWA Journal 24, no. 4 (2003): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000345.

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Development of cambial variant and xylem structure were studied in the stem of Cocculus hirsutus (Menispermaceae). In the early stages of stem development several collateral vascular bundles are joined by interfascicular cambium resulting in the formation of a complete cambial cylinder. After functioning for two to three years the cambial ring ceases its activity. Subsequently a second ring of cambium is formed from the innermost cortical parenchyma cells. These parenchyma cells undergo periclinal divisions to give rise to cells that become lignified, abaxially, and cambial cells, adaxially. The cambial cells divide periclinally giving rise to individual vascular bundles with xylem and phloem. Later the cambium in each bundle is joined by interfascicular cambium. Subsequent cambia develop similarly resulting in the formation of successive rings of xylem and phloem. During the leafless condition, all the cambial rings are dormant, and flanked by mature xylem and phloem elements. With the sprouting of new leaves, either the existing outermost cambium reactivates or an entire new ring of cambium develops. The xylem is diffuseporous with indistinct growth rings. It is composed of fibre-tracheids, tracheids, vessel elements, libriform fibres, and parenchyma cells. Xylem rays are multiseriate, compound and heterocellular. Deformed libriform fibres and vessel elements commonly occur among the ray cells in all the successive rings of xylem. The length of fibres and the height and width of xylem rays increase gradually from the centre towards the periphery of the stem.

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41

Saric-Krsmanovic, Marija, Dragana Bozic, Ljiljana Radivojevic, Jelena Gajic Umiljendic, and Sava Vrbnicanin. "Response of alfalfa and sugar beet to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) parasitism: a physiological and anatomical approach." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0050.

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The physiological and anatomical impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on alfalfa and sugar beet was examined under controlled conditions. The following parameters were checked: physiological — content of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) and mineral nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and percent of organic and mineral nutrients; and anatomical — thickness of the epidermis and cortex, diameter of the stem and central cylinder of alfalfa plants, diameter of tracheids and phloem cells, area of xylem and phloem, and hydraulic conductance of petiole bundles in petiole vascular bundles of sugar beet plants. Leaf parameters were also measured on both host plants: thickness of upper and underside leaf epidermis, thickness of palisade, spongy and mesophyll tissue, and diameter of vascular bundle cells. Pigments content and anatomical parameters were measured 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after infestation (DAI), while mineral nutrient contents were determined 20 and 40 DAI. Field dodder caused a significant reduction in pigments content in infested alfalfa (15%–68%) and sugar beet plants (1%–54%). The results obtained in this study confirmed that this parasitic flowering plant has a strong effect on most anatomical parameters of the stem and leaf of alfalfa and leaf and petiole of sugar beet. Also, it was revealed that field dodder increased the contents of N, P2O5, K2O, and organic nutrients in infested alfalfa plants, while infested sugar beet plants had higher contents of N and organic nutrients compared with non-infested plants.

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42

Umeda, Shinzaburo, Kazuaki Iijima, Kouichi Shinmura, and Wen-Jei Yang. "EFFECTS OF WALL CONCAVITY ON OSCILLATIONS OF JET STREAMS FROM DIAMOND-SHAPED CYLINDER BUNDLES." Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing 18, no. 2 (2011): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jflowvisimageproc.2011003481.

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43

OKAMOTO, Shiki, Yoshinori KATOH, Naoki YOSHINO, and Tetsuji TOMITA. "Unsteady Fluid Force Acting on Two-Dimensional Circular Cylinder Bundles on Fluid-Elastic Vibration." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 64, no. 623 (1998): 2041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.64.2041.

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44

OKAMOTO, Shiki, and Shinya YOSHIKAWA. "Flow around Two-Dimensional Circular Cylinder Bundles Supported by Elastic Wires in Staggered Arrangement." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 68, no. 670 (2002): 1720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.68.1720.

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45

da Silva, Bárbara L., Rafaello D. Luciano, Jonathan Utzig, and Henry F. Meier. "Analysis of flow behavior and fluid forces in large cylinder bundles by numerical simulations." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 75 (February 2019): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.01.006.

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46

Boriek, Aladin M., Joseph R. Rodarte, and Theodore A. Wilson. "Kinematics and mechanics of midcostal diaphragm of dog." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 1068–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.4.1068.

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Boriek, Aladin M., Joseph R. Rodarte, and Theodore A. Wilson. Kinematics and mechanics of midcostal diaphragm of dog. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(4): 1068–1075, 1997.—Radiopaque markers were attached to the peritoneal surface of three neighboring muscle bundles in the midcostal diaphragm of four dogs, and the locations of the markers were tracked by biplanar video fluoroscopy during quiet spontaneous breathing and during inspiratory efforts against an occluded airway at three lung volumes from functional residual capacity to total lung capacity in both the prone and supine postures. Length and curvature of the muscle bundles were determined from the data on marker location. Muscle lengths for the inspiratory states, as a fraction of length at functional residual capacity, ranged from 0.89 ± 0.04 at end inspiration during spontaneous breathing down to 0.68 ± 0.07 during inspiratory efforts at total lung capacity. The muscle bundles were found to have the shape of circular arcs, with the three bundles forming a section of a right circular cylinder. With increasing lung volume and diaphragm displacement, the circular arcs rotate around the line of insertion on the chest wall, the arcs shorten, but the radius of curvature remains nearly constant. Maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure was calculated from muscle curvature and maximal tension-length data from the literature. The calculated maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure-length curve agrees well with the data of Road et al. ( J. Appl. Physiol. 60: 63–67, 1986).

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47

Kostrzewska-Kuczumow, J., E. Weryszko, and A. Tomaszewski. "The influence of two morphactins on forming of tissues in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stem." Acta Agrobotanica 35, no. 2 (2013): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1982.017.

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The influence of two morphactins (IT 3233 and IT 3456) on tissue formation in sunflower stem was studied. The seeds were wetted with water solutions of morphactins in concentrations of 10 ppm and 50 ppm. The stems of the treated plants were thinner and they had less nodes. The diminution of stem thickness took place as a result of the decrease of central cylinder parenchyma cells in size. There also appeared histological changes in the composition of vascular bundles. The diminution of the number of bundles was ascertained together with an increase of their size. Arched intrabundle cambium and xylem exhibited an inclination to partial surrounding of phloem. A considerable increase of the number oftracheal elements was observed. Their diameter was much smaller. Spiral vessels and tracheids arose after treatment with IT 3456 10 ppm. Different types of vessels appeared in the remaining combinations. The disruption and obliteration of many vessels of protoxylem and also disruption of the parenchyma adhesing to them took place.

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48

SANT'ANNA-SANTOS, BRUNO F., WELLINGTON G. O. CARVALHO JÚNIOR, and VANESSA B. AMARAL. "Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. lamina anatomy as a tool for taxonomic distinction from B. odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick comb. nov (Arecaceae)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 1 (March 13, 2015): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520130457.

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The distinction between Butia capitata and B. odorata is based only on a few morphological characteristics, therefore there is a need for additional studies for supporting the separation of the species. As lamina anatomy characteristics are relevant in circumscribing Arecaceae taxa, this work aimed to describe B. capitata lamina anatomy and compare it with B. odorata. Samples from the middle portion of the pinnae were collected and processed in accordance with standard plant anatomy techniques. The epidermis is uniseriate and composed of a thick cuticle and epicuticular waxes into like hooked filaments. The subsidiary cells that arch over the guard cells are located at the hypodermis. The mesophyll is isobilateral and compact. The vascular bundles are collateral with a sclerenchymatic sheath extension that reaches the hypodermis. The stegmata cells have spherical and druse-like silica bodies. The midrib faces the adaxial surface with a thick fibrous layer surrounding the vascular bundles adjacent to the chlorenchyma. The stratified expansion tissue is on the abaxial surface, within the boundary between the mesophyll and midrib. Raphides are only found in B. capitata. Small bundles of the midrib fully surround the fibrous cylinder only in B. odorata. These characteristics are diagnostic and useful for supporting the proposed separation.

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49

Parmantier, J. P., C. Guiffaut, D. Roissé, C. Girard, F. Terrade, S. Bertuol, I. Junqua, and A. Reinex. "Modelling EM-Coupling on Electrical Cable-Bundles with a Frequency-Domain Field-to-Transmission Line Model Based on Total Electric Fields." Advanced Electromagnetics 9, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i3.1531.

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This article deals with modelling of EM-coupling on cable-bundles installed in 3D structures. It introduces a modified-Field-to-Transmission-Line model for which the specificity is to account for the reciprocal interaction between EM-fields and induced currents by considering equivalent total field sources. The first part of the paper is devoted to the derivation of this model starting from Agrawal’s classical Field-to-Transmission-Line applied on a two-wire Transmission-Line and leads to a Transmission-Line model in which the signal-wire is now referenced to a fictitious surrounding cylinder acting as a return conductor. The modified-Field-to-Transmission-Line model is then obtained by modifying this derived-model in such a way that is made compatible with numerical approaches and tools based on Agrawal’s Field-to-Transmission-Line model. This modification involves a kL coefficient equal to the ratio of the two per-unit-length inductances of the classical and derived Field-to-Transmission-Line models. Validations of this modified formulation clearly show the capability of this model to predict precise wire responses including EM-radiation losses. The second part of the paper is devoted to its extension to Multiconductor-Transmission-Line-Networks. The process relies on the capability to define an equivalent wire model of the cable-bundle in order to derive the kL coefficient and to numerically evaluate equivalent total field sources. Validation of this extrapolation is presented on a real aircraft test-case involving realistic cable-bundles in order to assess the potentiality of the method for future problems of industrial complexity.

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50

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, Akira TANIGUCHI, Seizou HASEGAWA, Shinzou MANMOTO, and Kiyoshi HORII. "Flow Visualization of Thin-Liquid Sheet with Concurrent Intersecting-Flow in Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles." Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan 23, no. 9 (2003): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.23.80.

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