Дисертації з теми "Cycle de vie complexe"
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Cluzel, François. "Mise en oeuvre de l'éco-conception pour des systèmes industriels complexes : de l'ACV par scénarios à la définition d'un portefeuille de projets de R&D éco-innovants." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECAP0037/document.
Повний текст джерелаFace to the growing awareness of environmental concerns issued from human activities, eco-design aims at offering a satisfying answer in the products and services development field. However when the considered products become complex industrial systems, there is a lack of adapted methodologies and tools. These systems are among others characterised by a large number of components and subsystems, an extremely long and uncertain life cycle, or complex interactions with their geographical and industrial environment. This change of scale actually brings different constraints, as well in the evaluation of environmental impacts generated all along the system life cycle (data management and quality, detail level according to available resources…) as in the identification of adapted answers (management of multidisciplinary aspects and available resources, players training, inclusion in an upstream R&D context…). So this dissertation aims at developing a methodology to implement ecodesign of complex industrial systems. A general methodology is first proposed, based on a DMAIC process (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control). This methodology allows defining in a structured way the framework (objectives, resources, perimeter, phasing…) and rigorously supporting the ecodesign approach applied on the system. A first step of environmental evaluation based on Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is thus performed at a high systemic level. Given the complexity of the system life cycle as well as the exploitation variability that may exist from one site to another, a scenario-based approach is proposed to quickly consider the space of possible environmental impacts. Scenarios of exploitation are defined thanks to the SRI (Stanford Research Institute) matrix and they include numerous elements that are rarely considered in LCA, like preventive and corrective maintenance, subsystems upgrading or lifetime modulation according to the economic context. At the conclusion of this LCA the main impacting elements of the system life cycle are known and they permit to initiate the second step of the eco-design approach centred on environmental improvement. A multidisciplinary working group perform a creativity session centred on the eco-design strategy wheel (or Brezet wheel), a resource-efficient eco-innovation tool that requires only a basic environmental knowledge. Ideas generated during creativity are then analysed through three successive filters allowing: (1) to pre-select and to refine the best projects; (2) to build a R&D projects portfolio thanks to a multi-criteria approach assessing not only their environmental performance, but also their technical, economic and customers’ value creation performance; (3) to control the portfolio balance according to the company strategy and the projects diversity (short/middle/long term aspect, systemic level…). All this work was applied and validated at Alstom Grid on electrical conversion substations used in the primary aluminium industry. The methodology deployment has allowed initiating a robust eco-design approach recognized by the company and finally generating a portfolio composed of 9 eco-innovative R&D projects that will be started in the coming months
Koh, Byoung-Seol. "Le cycle de vie d'Owenia fusiformis (Annélide Polychète) en Méditerranée : les processus locaux de recrutement et la distribution géographique de l'espèce à l'échelle mondiale." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066198.
Повний текст джерелаMontecinos, Alejandro. "Species delienation and hybridization in the brown seaweed Ectocarpus complex." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066328/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe genus Ectocarpus Lyngbye (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) comprises marine filamentous algae characterized by an alternation between two independent multicellular organisms of different ploidy. The general objective of the thesis was to study species delineation and speciation within this genus. We started clarifying the number of cryptic species using two unlinked loci (COI-5P and ITS1) and an integrative approach associating barcode gap detection analyses with phylogenetic reconstructions. We showed the presence of at least 15 species partitioned within a monophyletic group composed of E. crouaniorum (Ecro) and two closely related species and a paraphyletic assemblage composed of the remaining 12 other species including E. siliculosus (Esil). Second, Rad sequencing and phylogenomics analyses allowed to resolve the relationships within the paraphyletic assemblage. The different species becomes well separated into two divergent clades (Ecro and Esil). A diversity of taxa with various levels of divergence was revealed within the clade Esil and hybridization between the closest and sympatric species was suggested. Finally, the importance of reproductive isolation among the two commonest but most divergent species Esil and Ecro was studied using species-specific nuclear and cytoplasmic markers jointly with 9 microsatellites. We showed that meiosis acts as a strong reproductive barrier among these two species and demonstrates that the species of the genus Ectocarpus are excellent systems to study evolutionary consequences of hybridization and introgression for the maintenance or breakdown of species because of their haploid diploid life cycle
Erlichman, Adèle. "Développement de nouveaux modèles éco-évolutifs pour évaluer les impacts démographiques des flux de gènes assistés dans le contexte des changements climatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMONG005.
Повний текст джерелаBiodiversity is facing an unprecedented extinction crisis due to anthropogenic pressures, such as climate change. There is growing concern about the slow spontaneous pace of evolutionary processes relative to the high speed of environmental changes. Assisted gene flow has been introduced as the managed translocation of individuals within the historical range of a species. Its purpose is to introduce or increase the frequency of genotypes expected to confer an advantage under new or future climatic conditions, but also to increase genetic variation in targeted pop- ulations, in the hope that it can stimulate demography through heterosis and, by increasing the genetic variation on which selection can act on, the ability to adapt to a changing environment. Risks associated with assisted gene flow can include pathogen introduction, outbreeding depres- sion, genomic swamping, and increased maladaptation. There is, therefore, a strong need for guidelines and information on the optimal strategies and uncertainty associated with these prac- tices. Using both analytical predictions and simulations, we have developed demo-evolutionary models to to help identify critical parameters and sources of uncertainty when implementing these strategies. These models can help guiding assisted gene flow strategies and inform debates on the relevance of their use and optimal implementation. We first show how important taking into account the life cycle of targeted species is, as the optimal choice of individuals to translocate in long-lived species facing a changing climate is subject to a trade-off between being well adapted at the beginning and end of life. We also propose a new method for integrating evo- lution into an integral projection model (IPM) and show how only a small range of introduced genetic diversity for adaptive traits would allow a rare and endangered monocarpic perennial plant, Centaurea corymbosa, to escape extinction in a warming climate. Lastly, we show with an analytical model that if beneficial alleles are introgressed through managed gene flow between genetically distinct populations or closely related species, small and early introductions of non local genetic material minimize swamping of the local population’ genome and maximize the probability of rescue in small declining populations
Rahmouni, Noureddine. "Synthese et reactivite de complexes dinucleaires des metaux de transition." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13080.
Повний текст джерелаGodichaud, Matthieu. "Outils d'aide à la décision pour la sélection des filières de valorisation des produits de la déconstruction des systèmes en fin de vie : application au domaine aéronautique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT046H/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn a sustainable development context, stakes of the last stage of system life cycle, the end-of-life stage, increase these last years. End-of-life systems have to be demanufactured in order to be valued and answer environmental requirements. The aim of disassembly strategies is to bring solutions to the whole decision problem put during the end-of-life stage of systems. In particular, decision maker have to select valuable products in function of technical, economical and environmental criteria and, then, design and optimise disassembly support system allowing generating these products. The solution determines what we call a disassembly trajectory and ours works deal with modelling and optimization of these trajectories. Definition steps of disassembly trajectories are proposed, structured and instrumented. Models that are generally used in this frame are determinist and do not allow taking into account and managing uncertainties that are inherent to disassembly process (degradation of products, demand for valuable product, systems end-of-life dates, ...). In order to determine a robust disassembly solution, decision aid has to integrate uncertainties from various origins while facilitating their management and their update. On the basis this observation, all the uncertainties involved in disassembly trajectory optimization are identified and characterized. Basing on Bayesian networks, the proposed tool is developed through a “static” approach of disassembly trajectory. Indeed, the obtained trajectory gives the disassembly level of the end-of-life system, recycling options, sequences and disassembly modes in function of economical criteria while allowing managing uncertainties. An application example on an aeronautical system is developed to illustrate the modelling method. The application field of the model is extended to take into account time dimension (dynamic approach) by using dynamic Bayesian networks. Trajectories can be defined on horizons that integrate several arrivals of end-of-life systems. Decision makers can so adapt the model to various contexts
Sally, Orianne. "Stratégies de calcul pour la prévision de durée de vie des structures composites soumises à des chargements complexes : Application aux composites Oxyde/Oxyde." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN024.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on damage and lifetimeprediction of oxide/oxide composite structures,introduced in the hot parts of aircraft engines. It ispart of a project named MECACOMP, led by Safran.This PhD aims to propose a calculation strategycapable of predicting the strength and service life ofcomposite structures subjected to real fatigue loads(multi-axial, long-lasting and potentially random).A two-step approach is implemented. First, a damagemodel, using an incremental formalism, is proposedin order to represent the experimental behaviourobserved on both static and fatigue loadings. Adedicated identification protocol is proposed. Themechanical test campaign carried out made itpossible to characterize the studied material and toidentify the parameters of the model. However, the computational costs being too highto simulate the behaviour of a composite structuresubjected to long-term fatigue loadings, acalculation strategy is developed, in a second step,to reduce drastically the computational time andmake the model usable in design offices. It consistsin a non-linear cycle jumps method, based on theproposed incremental damage law. This strategywas implemented in a commercial Finite Elementcode and applied to polycyclic fatigue calculationson both academic structures, for which the modelpredictions are evaluated by comparison with testresults, and structures of industrial complexity
Hendaoui, Feyrouz. "Tarification dynamique des produits complexes : Une approche hédonique appliquée au marché automobile français." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090071.
Повний текст джерелаPham, Cong Cuong. "Multi-utilisation de données complexes et hétérogènes : application au domaine du PLM pour l’imagerie biomédicale." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2365/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe emergence of Information and Comunication Technologies (ICT) in the early 1990s, especially the Internet, made it easy to produce data and disseminate it to the rest of the world. The strength of new Database Management System (DBMS) and the reduction of storage costs have led to an exponential increase of volume data within entreprise information system. The large number of correlations (visible or hidden) between data makes them more intertwined and complex. The data are also heterogeneous, as they can come from many sources and exist in many formats (text, image, audio, video, etc.) or at different levels of structuring (structured, semi-structured, unstructured). All companies now have to face with data sources that are more and more massive, complex and heterogeneous.technical information. The data may either have different denominations or may not have verifiable provenances. Consequently, these data are difficult to interpret and accessible by other actors. They remain unexploited or not maximally exploited for the purpose of sharing and reuse. Data access (or data querying), by definition, is the process of extracting information from a database using queries to answer a specific question. Extracting information is an indispensable function for any information system. However, the latter is never easy but it always represents a major bottleneck for all organizations (Soylu et al. 2013). In the environment of multiuse of complex and heterogeneous, providing all users with easy and simple access to data becomes more difficult for two reasons : - Lack of technical skills : In order to correctly formulate a query a user must know the structure of data, ie how the data is organized and stored in the database. When data is large and complex, it is not easy to have a thorough understanding of all the dependencies and interrelationships between data, even for information system technicians. Moreover, this understanding is not necessarily linked to the domain competences and it is therefore very rare that end users have sufficient theses such skills. - Different user perspectives : In the multi-use environment, each user introduces their own point of view when adding new data and technical information. Data can be namedin very different ways and data provenances are not sufficiently recorded. Consequently, they become difficultly interpretable and accessible by other actors since they do not have sufficient understanding of data semantics. The thesis work presented in this manuscript aims to improve the multi-use of complex and heterogeneous data by expert usiness actors by providing them with a semantic and visual access to the data. We find that, although the initial design of the databases has taken into account the logic of the domain (using the entity-association model for example), it is common practice to modify this design in order to adapt specific techniques needs. As a result, the final design is often a form that diverges from the original conceptual structure and there is a clear distinction between the technical knowledge needed to extract data and the knowledge that the expert actors have to interpret, process and produce data (Soylu et al. 2013). Based on bibliographical studies about data management tools, knowledge representation, visualization techniques and Semantic Web technologies (Berners-Lee et al. 2001), etc., in order to provide an easy data access to different expert actors, we propose to use a comprehensive and declarative representation of the data that is semantic, conceptual and integrates domain knowledge closeed to expert actors
Jacquot, Guillaume. "Propriétés moléculaires et fonctionnelles de la protéine virale Vpr et de la sous-unité p50/dynamitine du complexe dynactine : rôles dans les étapes précoces du cycle réplicatif du VIH-1." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T014.
Повний текст джерелаNumerous studies showed that HIV-1 Vpr plays a crucial role during establishment of the early steps of the viral life cycle. Previous results obtained in our laboratory suggest that Vpr would act by interacting with the nucleoporine hCG1, a component of the nuclear pore complex. The results obtained during my PhD revealed a functional link between this property of Vpr and other known functions of the protein, among which, its cytostatic and pro-apoptotic activities. Moreover, our results suggest that Vpr accumulation at the nuclear envelope could contribute to optimization of viral replication in nondividing cells, such as macrophages. We also characterized a new interaction between the nucleoporin hCG1 and the p50/dynamitin, a central subunit of the dynein/dynactin microtubular complex. Although no information exist in the literature concerning molecular determinants of the p50/dynamitin responsible for its structural role in the dynactin complex, our work revealed the molecular and functional basis of this property
Loubet, Philippe. "Assessing the environmental impacts of a complex urban water system based on the life cycle assessment framework : development of a versatile model and advanced water deprivation indicators." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0037/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo improve water management at the scale of large cities is a real challenge. However, the quantification of flows and environmental impacts linked to water use are not yet sufficiently developed. This is the objective of the thesis: “how to model complex urban water system of a megacity for assessing its environmental impacts in relation to the provided services to water users, within the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework?” The core of the thesis is the development of a generic framework defining water flows and environmental impacts associated with 3 categories of items – i.e., water technologies, water users and water resources – from a LCA point of view. The UWS model (termed WaLA) is built through a modular approach allowing the interoperation of these three components in an integrated way. The model provides indicators of impacts on services which may be useful to decision makers and stakeholders. It simplifies the evaluation of forecasting scenarios and decreases the complexity of the urban water system while ensuring its good representation from a LCA perspective. In addition to this main objective, the thesis also aims at refining water use impact indicators at a relevant scale for UWS. A methodology that assesses water deprivation at the sub-river basin scale in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) integrating downstream cascade effects has been developed. It allows differentiating the withdrawal and release locations within a same river basin. The WaLA model and its associated indicators are applied to assess the environmental impacts of the water system of a Paris suburban area (perimeter of Syndicat des Eaux d'Île-de-France). It shows the interest and the applicability of the model for assessing and comparing baseline and forecasting scenarios
Li, Yan. "Analyse structurale du complexe de la cohésine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV012.
Повний текст джерелаThe cohesin complex is required for numerous chromosomal transactions including sister chromatid cohesion, DNA damage repair, transcriptional regulation and control of 3D chromatin architecture. How cohesin engages chromatin has remained a major question. The basic subunits of cohesin, Smc1, Smc3, Scc1 assemble a ring-shaped complex via connection of the heterodimeric SMC ‘hinge’ domains contributed by of Smc1 and Smc3, and through linkage of the SMC ATPase domains by Scc1. Additional accessory factors play important roles in different aspects of cohesin function, such as Scc3, which promotes the association of cohesin with DNA, the loading and unloading complexes, Scc2-Scc4 and Pds5-Wapl respectively, responsible for cohesin loading and its disassociation from chromatin. During S phase, an acetyltransferase called Eco1 acetylates the ATPase domain of Smc3 and triggers the stabilization, or establishment, of cohesion. To further augment cohesion, an additional metazoan factor, sororin forms a complex with Pds5 to prevent Wapl binding. During metaphase, centromeric cohesin is protected by the shugoshin-PP2A complex. In metazoans, cohesin is released from chromosomes in two major steps. The first requires cohesin phosphorylation and allows Wapl to bind Pds5 again to mediate cleavage-independent release of cohesin from chromosome arms. The second transpires upon fulfilment of spindle assembly and requires activation of a protease called separase, resulting in Scc1 cleavage, thus releasing sister chromatids to be segregated into daughter cells. Beyond cohesion, it is also becoming apparent that cohesin plays more diverse roles by interacting with a plethora of other factors, most notably CTCF, a zinc finger protein that is known as an insulator, which has been reported to collaborate with cohesin in determining 3D genome structure.To understand how cohesin engages DNA, I investigated the DNA binding properties of previously identified globular sub-complexes. By determining a crystal structure of the budding yeast Scc3 bound to a fragment of the Scc1 kleisin subunit and DNA, I could demonstrate that Scc3 and Scc1 form a composite DNA interaction module. The Scc3-Scc1 subcomplex engages double-stranded DNA through a conserved, positively charged surface. We demonstrate that this conserved domain is required for DNA binding by Scc3-Scc1 in vitro, as well as for the enrichment of cohesin on chromosomes and for cell viability. These findings suggest that the Scc3-Scc1 DNA-binding interface plays a central role in the recruitment of cohesin complexes to chromosomes and therefore for cohesin to faithfully execute its functions during cell division.To investigate the molecular basis of the reported functional collaboration between cohesin and CTCF in defining 3D chromosome structure, I identified and determined the structure of a ternary complex composed of human SA2 (an orthologue of Scc3), Scc1 and CTCF. The structure revealed a wide-spread SA2-Scc1 binding motif which was found to be present not only in CTCF, but also other functionally related factors, including shugoshin and Wapl. Competition pulldown assays indicated that binding of these factors to SA2-Scc1 was mutually exclusive, which strongly suggested that they interact with cohesin via similar mechanisms. To demonstrate this principle, I was able to determine a structure of shugoshin in complex with SA2-Scc1, which confirmed that both shugoshin and CTCF bind the same conserved surface on cohesin
Delalandre, Léo. "Relations traits-environnement chez les végétaux : du cycle de vie des organismes au cycle de vie des données." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMONG001.
Повний текст джерелаComparative ecology has highlighted recurring associations between plant functional traits and their environment. These relationships may vary depending on the level of organization considered – within species, between species, and among groups of species – but this dependency remains poorly studied. A fundamental distinction in life history theories is made between annual species (completing their life cycle in one year) and perennial species (life cycle over more than one year, usually with multiple reproductive events). Annual and perennial herbaceous plants differ in their functioning (growth rate, investment in seed production, allocation to roots, etc.). However, despite their frequent coexistence, few studies have considered potential differences in trait-environment relationships between these two groups. The objective of this thesis is to understand the specific variations in the traits of annual plants depending on resource availability, based on in situ measurements and in a common garden setting.We studied herbaceous communities in the Grands Causses, where annuals and perennials coexist in two contrasting environmental conditions: i) fertilization and high disturbance, and ii) poor soil and less intense disturbance. We show that variations in traits related to growth rate and leaf tissue density are lower in annuals than in perennials. This is explained by (a) a higher species turnover in perennials, and (b) the presence of species with larger differences in trait values between environments in perennials. Intraspecific variations are identical between the two groups of species. Measurements made during this first part were used to complete a trait database under development. On this occasion, I contributed to the structuring of this database through data management work, aiming to propose modalities for sharing functional trait data and associated environmental variables; a synthesis of this work is proposed.Secondly, we analyzed intraspecific variability in annuals from these communities, in order to test its origin (genetic or plastic), to identify the most variable traits in response to fertilization, and to compare this variability between species. Thirty populations were grown in a common garden, with low or high fertilization. The results indicate that i) the observed trait variations in situ are likely of plastic origin; ii) plasticity is low in morphological leaf and root traits but high in biomass allocation and nitrogen content; iii) species preferring nutrient-rich environments are more plastic in their nitrogen content.Finally, a literature review was undertaken to determine which traits are determinant for annual and perennial herbaceous plants, reasoning on demographic components (reproduction, growth, survival), the importance of which differs according to the life cycle. We propose an opinion article aiming to better integrate life cycle and commonly measured morpho-physio-phenological traits.This thesis proposes a study of the relationships between functional traits and the environment at different levels of organization: between life cycles, between species, and within species. It highlights that trait-environment relationships can vary between these levels, fitting into a renewed interest in context dependency in comparative ecology
Agbessi, Komlan. "Approches expérimentales et multi-échelles des processus d'amorçage de fissures en fatigue sous chargements complexes." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00867947.
Повний текст джерелаHouriet-Segard, Geneviève. "Logement, cycles démographiques et cycle de vie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0029.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis includes three parts. It's objective is to better understanding interactions between demography and housing. Analysis of the demographic cycles influencing the housing demand and the housing market equilibrium: some existing housing market's models with a demographic determinant are reviewed. Such a model is then built up based on French economical data. The model's main hypothesis is that there is a systematic excess of housing supply over demand. The level of this excess has a direct incidence on the price of housing. This model is simulated using various demographic and economical scenarios. Analysis of residential choices during the life cycle: the focus is the household's housing behavior with the saving's life cycle theory (e. G. People buy a house when they are working and sell it when they are retire to compensate the loss of revenue and to maintain the same level of consumption). These behaviors are tested on the data of the French survey "enquete logement 92". Behaviors such as the housing consumption, the tenure choice and the mobility of elder householders are tested in the context of saving's life cycle theory. Microsimulation of the housing market that allows the study of the interactions between aging population, the housing market and intergenerational transfers (bequests and social security programs): at the microeconomic level, this model takes into account a heterogeneous population simulating events such as birth's and death's dates, salary, retirement pension and sometimes inheritances. All people live two periods in their lifetime where they will optimize their consumption following the generalized saving's life cycle theory. Lastly, individual behaviors are aggregated and compiled at a macroeconomic level. This model is also simulated for different demographic and economical evolutions
Glade, Mathieu Lyonnet Patrick. "Modélisation des coûts de cycle de vie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mglade.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTchertchian, Nicolas. "Etude des approches méthodologiques pour l'amélioration environnementale des performances en conception de systèmes complexes." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969164.
Повний текст джерелаMunier, Valérie. "Quelle transmission de la "dette de vie" à l'adolescent suicidaire ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR1PS03.
Повний текст джерелаHautekèete, Nina-Coralie. "L'évolution de la durée de vie dans le complexe d'espèces Beta." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-101.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVirginillo, Martin Gustavo. "Méthode d'analyse du cycle de vie des emballages." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28009/28009.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCharpin, Françoise. "Théorie du cycle de vie, croissance et endettement." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100093.
Повний текст джерелаDjang, Claire. "Two-Coloring Cycles In Complete Graphs." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1370618319.
Повний текст джерелаLALANDE, MULLER SYLVIE. "Migraine et vie genitale chez la femme." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M147.
Повний текст джерелаNaumchev, Alexandr. "Exigences orientées objets dans un cycle de vie continu." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30132.
Повний текст джерелаThe constantly changing customers' and users' needs require fast response from software teams. This creates strong demand for seamlessness of the software processes. Continuous integration, delivery and deployment, also known as DevOps, made a huge progress in making software processes responsive to change. This progress had little effect on software requirements, however. Specifying requirements still relies on the natural language, which has an enormous expressive power, but inhibits requirements' traceability, verifiability, reusability and understandability. Promoting the problematic qualities without inhibiting the expressiveness too much introduces a challenge. Bertrand Meyer, in his multirequirements method, accepts the challenge and proposes to express individual requirements on three layers: declarative subset of an object-oriented programming language, natural language and a graphical notation. This approach has motivated and inspired the work on the present thesis. While multirequirements focus on traceability and understandability, the Seamless Object-Oriented Requirements approach presented in the dissertation takes care of verifiability, reusability and understandability. The dissertation explores the Martin Glinz' hypothesis that software requirements should be objects to support seamlessness. The exploration confirms the hypothesis and results in a collection of tool-supported methods for specifying, validating, verifying and reusing object-oriented requirements. The most significant reusable technical contribution of the dissertation is a ready-to-use Eiffel library of template classes that capture recurring software requirement patterns. Concrete seamless object-oriented requirements inherit from these templates and become clients of the specified software. Object-oriented software construction becomes the method for requirements specification, validation and reuse; Design by Contract becomes the method for verifying correctness of implementations against the requirements. The dissertation reflects on several experiments and shows that the new approach promotes requirements' verifiability, reusability and understandability while keeping expressiveness at an acceptable level. The experiments rely on several examples, some of which are used as benchmarks in the requirements literature. Each experiment illustrates a problem through an example, proposes a general solution, and shows how the solution fixes the problem. While the experimentation relies on Eiffel and its advanced tool support, such as automated proving and testing, each idea underpinning the approach scales conceptually to any statically typed object-oriented programming language with genericity and elementary support for contracts
Popovici, Emil. "Contribution à l'analyse du cycle de vie des quartiers." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1340.
Повний текст джерелаStudies regarding the environmental quality of buildings have shown the importance of decisions at the settlement scale and of assessing the relevance of various architectural and technical solutions at this level. A settlement life cycle assessment (LCA) software tool was developed, providing a decision support to: project developers, designers, contractors and owners/residents, in order to design and manage a settlement in a sustainable way. This achievement was possible by linking a thermal simulation tool with a LCA tool at building level and complementing them with supplementary elements (e. G. Networks, open spaces, etc. ). Several environmental indicators are evaluated allowing comparisons of various alternative designs. First evaluations of three European settlements are presented in order to illustrate the application of the tool. This work aims to contribute in linking urban, architectural and technical design, according to an integrated design approach
Arrondel, Luc. "Hypothèse du cycle de vie et composition du patrimoine." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100166.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents a general model of portfolio choices which is tested on the french CREP 1980 survey with 3. 000 households. The model extends the framework of modigliani's life cycle hypothesis to wealth composition with the help of existing partial theories (generalised form of the life cycle hypothesis allowing for bequest, merton's intertemporal portfolio choice model, model of acquisition of durable goods and housing). If finally assumes that household accumulation behaviour can be described by a three stage sequential procedure : (1) consumption-saving decision; (2) discrete choice of the combination of assets held; (3) continuous choice of conditional assets demands, given the combination held. Empirical econometric and statistical analysis deals both with the number of assets held, as an indicator of wealth diversification, and with portfolio composition. It shows the importance of the size of wealth and of age on assets demands and reveals the key role played by the discrete choice, results wich seem to vindicate the hypothesis of a three stage budgeting. From the explanatory variables of each asset ownership and conditional demand it is also possible to elaborate a typology of the 14 assets distinguished by the survey
Arrondel, Luc. "Hypothèse du cycle de vie et composition du patrimoine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376114018.
Повний текст джерелаMilette, Diane. "L'intérêt social dans une perspective du cycle de vie." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1993. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5280/1/000606511.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAvva, Jayant. "Complex Systems Biology of Mammalian Cell Cycle Signaling in Cancer." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1295625781.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Lavergne Casimir. "Eléments du cycle de vie de l'Eau Antarctique de Fond." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066373/document.
Повний текст джерелаAntarctic Bottom Water is the most voluminous water mass of the World Ocean, and it feeds the deepest and slowest component of ocean circulation. The processes that govern its lifecycle are therefore key to the ocean's carbon and heat storage capacity on centennial to multi-millennial timescales. This thesis aims at characterizing and quantifying processes responsible for the destruction (synonymous of lightening and upwelling) of Antarctic Bottom Water in the abyssal ocean. Using an observational estimate of the global ocean thermohaline structure and diagnostics based on the density budget of deep waters, we explore the roles of basin geometry, geothermal heating and mixing by breaking internal waves for the abyssal circulation. We show that the shape of ocean basins largely controls the structure of abyssal upwelling. The contribution of mixing powered by breaking internal waves, though poorly constrained, is estimated to be insufficient to destroy Antarctic Bottom Water at a rate comparable to that of its formation. Geothermal heating plays an important role for the upwelling of waters covering large seafloor areas. The results suggest a reappraisal of the role of mixing in deep straits and sills, but also of the fundamental role of basin geometry, for the lightening and transport of abyssal waters
Lelièvre, Luc. "Cycle de vie et mobilité résidentielle dans l'agglomération de Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ44695.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBeloin-Saint-Pierre, Didier. "Vers une caractérisation spatiotemporelle pour l'analyse du cycle de vie." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00857936.
Повний текст джерелаSallez, Yves. "Produit " actif " tout au long de son cycle de vie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768771.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Faiz Meryem. "Analyse du cycle de vie à l'aide du logiciel SimaPro." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40144.
Повний текст джерелаLife cycle assessment (LCA) is a standardized method for assessing the environmental impacts of a product, which is defined by the ISO 14040: 2006 and ISO 14044: 2006standards. It is a recognized approach for assessing the environmental impact of products across their entire life cycle from raw materials extraction through manufacturing, transportation, usage and disposal based on a set of indicators representative of environmental issues of the product (climate change, natural resources, ozone, toxicity, ecotoxicity). Performing a life cycle assessment requires processing, calculating and analyzing a lot of information. The use of LCA software facilitates these different phases and assures transparency and traceability. This thesis presents a state of the art of the tools and methods available for carrying out an LCA based on the principles of the ISO14040 series. SimaPro, one of the main commercial software available for LCA practitioners, is presented in detail through a case study, in order to explore the different basic functions, databases and the impact calculation methods made available with the software. Keywords: LCA, environmental footprint, databases, SimaPro.
Roux, Charlotte. "Analyse de cycle de vie conséquentielle appliquée aux ensembles bâtis." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM043/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental impacts induced by urban projects concern various topics (resources, health, biodiversity). Some are indirect impacts (for instance radioactive waste generated by electricity consumption). This calls for a holistic and multicriteria approach such as Life-Cycle-Analysis (LCA) in order to evaluate environmental performance of construction or retrofitting projects. Considering cradle to grave impacts this method is used at different project phases: program objectives, design aid, management strategies evaluation, retrofitting project, dismantling, and waste management.The thesis lies in the framework of life-cycle analysis applied to urban project design, from individual houses up to multifunctional neighborhoods. The underlying objective is to improve relevance and accuracy of the decision aid provided by LCA-based design tools.Three interacting topics have been investigated:- Consequential assessment: How can the results of current research on consequential LCA be implemented in Building LCA?- Dynamic: How to integrate dynamic interaction between buildings and the background system, mainly the electricity grid?- Prospective: How to take into account the long life span of buildings and urban districts?The dissertation firstly suggests a new framework for evaluating construction or retrofitting project, grounded in consequential LCA. The practical application of this consequential-project approach requires knowledge generation on dynamic and prospective LCA.A dynamic model of the electricity system has been developed. From this model, a reference operation year of the electricity system has been determined, mitigating climatic and economical hazards of real years. Based on this model, a dynamic average approach and a marginal approach are defined to assess life-cycle impacts of electricity consumption. These developments improve the accuracy of LCA independently of the chosen modeling approach, consequential or attributional.The prospective dimension is explored, through scenarios development. The suggested scenarios bring together national energy prospective research and global warming effects on buildings thermal behavior. The combined effects are evaluated using a novel and integrated approach.The thesis then addresses the scale issue when moving from building to district projects. Following the consequential-project approach principles, the focus is made on integrating daily transport and domestic waste models in LCA of urban projects. A method to combine local transport simulation models and building LCA is suggested. It establishes a first step towards integrated multidisciplinary assessment of urban projects.The developed approaches and methodologies are finally tested on a case study
Volatron, Jeanne. "Cycle de vie de nanoparticules dans l'organisme : biotransformations et biodégradaton." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC102/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the advent of nanotechnology, the exposure of humans to nanomaterials increased, representing a risk of a new kind. Although the potential toxicity of such nanomaterials is extensively studied, their long term fate, biotransformation and degradation in the organism are still poorly understood. It was demonstrated earlier in the laboratory, that after intravenous injection, iron oxide nanoparticles undergo local intracellular degradation within lysosomes. In this context, we are interested in the fate of by products from iron oxide nanoparticles. Part of my thesis has focused on a possible pathway for metabolizing these degradation products through a protein involved in iron metabolism, the ferritin. We first studied, in solution, the degradation processes of iron oxide nanoparticles in the presence of these proteins as well as the iron transfer processes from nanoparticles to ferritin. The difficulty is the high concentration of endogenous iron which makes impossible to demonstrate these in vivo transfers. Thus, we have developed a strategy, using doped iron oxide nanoparticles with a scarce element in the organism, to track these phenomena in vivo. This work highlighted a possible mechanism of biological recycling, remediation and detoxification of nanoparticles mediated by endogenous proteins at the molecular scale. A second part of my work was devoted to develop a multi-scale method to study the life cycle of metal oxide nanoparticles and their by products in organism. The main challenge is to differentiate iron stemming from the nanoparticles from the endogenous iron. This specific tracking problem is routinely encountered in geochemical studies and solved by labelling the target material with minor stable isotopes. Therefore, iron oxide nanoparticles enriched in the minor stable isotope 57Fe were synthetized and injected intravenously in mice to follow dynamic circulations of iron oxide nanoparticles and their byproducts. We have also labelled the coating to track the nanoparticles integrity in mice over a period of six month
Lavergne, Casimir de. "Eléments du cycle de vie de l'Eau Antarctique de Fond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066373.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAntarctic Bottom Water is the most voluminous water mass of the World Ocean, and it feeds the deepest and slowest component of ocean circulation. The processes that govern its lifecycle are therefore key to the ocean's carbon and heat storage capacity on centennial to multi-millennial timescales. This thesis aims at characterizing and quantifying processes responsible for the destruction (synonymous of lightening and upwelling) of Antarctic Bottom Water in the abyssal ocean. Using an observational estimate of the global ocean thermohaline structure and diagnostics based on the density budget of deep waters, we explore the roles of basin geometry, geothermal heating and mixing by breaking internal waves for the abyssal circulation. We show that the shape of ocean basins largely controls the structure of abyssal upwelling. The contribution of mixing powered by breaking internal waves, though poorly constrained, is estimated to be insufficient to destroy Antarctic Bottom Water at a rate comparable to that of its formation. Geothermal heating plays an important role for the upwelling of waters covering large seafloor areas. The results suggest a reappraisal of the role of mixing in deep straits and sills, but also of the fundamental role of basin geometry, for the lightening and transport of abyssal waters
Ruiz-Sabariego, Juan-Antonio. "Modèle incrémental de prévision de la durée de vie en fissuration par fatigue : traitement des cycles complexes anisothermes en fatigue-oxydation." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066660.
Повний текст джерелаKisseleva-Romanova, Elena. "Identification et caractérisation du complexe PCC chez la levure S. Cerevisiae." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112229.
Повний текст джерелаTo identify new splicing factors in yeast S. Cerevisiae, we searched for high-copy number suppressors of the cryosensitive phenotype associated to the U5A mutation in the U1 snRNA (U1-5A). We isolated plasmids containing an intergenic region bearing a cryptic, small ORF(that we named PCC1) containing an intron with a non-canonical 5' splice site. We showed that Pcc1p is not a new splicing factor, but that impaired splicing of its intron is the main limiting factor for growth in the presence of the U1-5A mutation. As PCC1 is a quasi-essential gene, we generated and studied the thermosensitive pcc1-4 mutant. Our analysis of this mutant revealed cell cycle progression defects and a defect in the response to pheromone. Our data suggest that Pcc1p is directly involved in transcription and affects the expression of several genes, which underlies the pcc1 mutant phenotypes. The PCC complex contains three additional proteins: Kaelp, a putative metalloprotease, Bud32p, a kinase and Pcc2p. Multiple genetic, additional physical interactions among these proteins and the phenotype of the mutants suggest that the PCC complex function as a unit in the cell. We show that the function of the complex is conserved in metazoans. The presence of a putative endopeptidase and a kinase are the most intriguing features of the PCC complex. We suggest that the endopeptidase activity of Kaelp and the kinase activity of Bud32p are the molecular functions that underlie the role of the PCC complex in transcription. We report genetic interactions between PCC1 and chromatin modifying factors, which suggest that the PCC complex might impact transcription through a chromatin modifying function
Catteau, Olivier. "Le cycle de vie de l'objet pédagogique et de ses métadonnées." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344701.
Повний текст джерела- une représentation des relations qui utilise des techniques de visualisation de l'information pour rechercher des OP et fournir aux utilisateurs une vue générale de la progression de la production ;
- un service de gestion des commentaires qui offre aux enseignants et aux apprenants l'opportunité d'exploiter, d'exprimer et de partager des évaluations et des suggestions d'utilisation d'OP dans le système adéquat au moment où elles sont pertinentes ;
- un service de gestion des évolutions qui sensibilise les enseignants et les responsables de cours aux divergences qui apparaissent entre les OP importés dans les plates-formes pédagogiques et leurs évolutions et dépendances qui sont stockées dans des viviers hétérogènes.
Cette approche, basée sur des objets pédagogiques de forte granularité, a été expérimentée au sein du campus numérique International E-Mi@ge.
Bertin, Jean-Marie. "Modélisation sémantique des bases de données d'inventaires en cycle de vie." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876636.
Повний текст джерелаRevillet, Claire. "Cycle de vie des lignes de grains. Bilans d'eau et d'énergie." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601245.
Повний текст джерелаTang, Lin. "Hypothèse du cycle de vie et comportement d'accumulation patrimoniale en incertain." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100074.
Повний текст джерелаUsing a numerical method, this thesis looks at, within the context of the life cycle hypothesis, the constitution of sav ings and the accumulation of wealth where the length of humain life is incertain. Introdusing the notion of torsion, the autor has shown the extent of the effect of the 4th age. The optimum life assurance cover and the decision to purchase or dispose of property are also treated
LE, BORGNE ROZENN. "De l'usage des analyses de cycle de vie dans l'industrie automobile." Paris, ENSAM, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENAM0010.
Повний текст джерелаHajjaji, Noureddine. "Analyse de cycle de vie exergétique de systèmes de production d’hydrogène." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL002N/document.
Повний текст джерелаConsidered as the future energy carrier, hydrogen appears to be the miracle solution to overcome the current energy crisis and environmental problems. This can be possible only by solving all the problems associated with its life cycle (production, distribution, storage and final use).Due to the large number of environmental impacts generated during hydrogen production, the complexity of their evaluation and the possible interactions among them the use of environmental assessment methods is necessary. The Exergetic Life Cycle Assessment (ELCA) approach was chosen as the most useful tool for hydrogen production scenarios investigation. It compares hydrogen production systems in order to identify which one is more eco-efficient and recognizes their opportunities for environmental improvement. Eight scenarios for hydrogen production were studied by the ELCA approach. These scenarios are essentially based on reforming techniques of fossil methane, biomethane and bioethanol. The results show that the hydrogen produced by fossil methane scenarios, a mature and widely used technique, are the largest consumers of abiotic resources and emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG). The use of biomethane as hydrogen source presents an interesting solution. The environmental profile of a hydrogen ex-bio-methane can be made even more attractive solution by improving anaerobic digestion system with on-site reforming process. The use of bio-ethanol produced from wheat as a hydrogen source has large environmental impacts. In fact, these processes are characterized by large eutrophication and acidification potentials in addition to their emissions of large amount of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, bio-ethanol can be a sustainable and renewable source for hydrogen production on condition that it is produced by environmentally friendly manners
Bertin, Benjamin. "Modélisation sémantique des bases de données d'inventaires en cycle de vie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0049/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental impact assessment of goods and services is nowadays a major challenge for both economic and ethical reasons. Life Cycle Assessment provides a well accepted methodology for modeling environmental impacts of human activities. This methodology relies on the decomposition of a studied system into interdependent processes in a step called Life Cycle Inventory. Every process has several environmental impacts and the composition of those processes provides the cumulated environmental impact for the studied human activities. Several organizations provide processes databases containing several thousands of processes with their interdependency links that are used by LCA practitioners to do an LCA study. Understanding and audit of those databases requires to analyze a huge amount of processes and their dependency relations. But those databases can contain thousands of processes linked together. We identified two problems that the experts faces using those databases: - organize the processes and their dependency relations to improve the comprehensibility; - calculate the impacts and, if it is not possible, find why it is not feasible. In this thesis, we: - show that there are some semantic similarities between the processes and their dependency relations and propose a new way to model the dependency relations in an inventory database. In our approach, we semantically index the processes using an ontology and we use a multi-layers model of the dependency relations. We also study a declarative approach of this multi-layers approach; - propose a method to calculate the environmental impacts of the processes based on linear algebra and graph theory, and we study the conditions of the feasibility of this calculation when we have a cyclic model. We developed a prototype based on this approach that showed some convincing results on different use cases. We tested our prototype on a case study based on a data set extracted from the National Renewable Energy restricted to the electricity production in the United-States
Boulhol, Pascal. "Le complexe de Melchisedech : famille et sainteté dans l'hagiographie antique, des origines au VIe siècle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040042.
Повний текст джерелаAncient hagiography very often depicts in a negative way the relationship between the saint and his family. Prestigious ancestors,in some legends,and the attention to intellectual education are the only common features with profane tradition. .
Toueille, Magali. "Etude du complexe de réplication de l'ADN nucléaire de blé." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28888.
Повний текст джерелаDNA replication requires a large set of proteins. The role played by the various factors of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication machinery has been well established using a cell-free system with bacteriophage øx174 for prokaryotes and virus SV40 for eukaryotes. Plant DNA replication studies are scarce and their partial data reveal somme differences between mammalian and plant factors associated to DNA replication. This thesis concerns the analysis of the factors involved in the wheat "replicative complex" for a complete reconstitution in vitro. First, we isolated a wheat protein fraction acting as a DNA replication complex using a template as primed single-stranded phagemid (pWori) containing the geminivirus WDV (wheat dwarf virus) replication origins and the coding sequence of the geminiviral initiation protein (Rep). From the functionnal replicative complex, some factors were identified (DNA binding proteins, topoisomerase) and purified (DNA polymerases A and B and PCNA). Then by a "two hybrid" technique in yeast, we tried to determine the partners interacting with a key DNA replication factor : the RF-C. The last strategy concerns the reversible chemical bindings of physically interacting proteins present in the replicative complex. We detected two PCNA : a short and a long one. The analysis of their partial nucleotidic sequences showed the presence of two different RNA messengers. Their full length sequences are in progress
Demade, Maxime. "Analyse sociale de cycles de vie : les cycles de vie des représentations paysagères de l'éolien." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30047/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing use of the transition terms in the public debate contributes to the emergence of new research methods whom geographers begin to apprehend. Transition invites to consider a new action framework. In the matter of energy domain, the transition concept involves geographers in their socio-spatial interpretations. This new spatiotemporal frame, where are introduced the notions of territorialisation of the energy and the reversibility, provides an opportunity to consider these issues from a reinterpretation of the space-time couple. In this context, the thesis aims in understanding and analyzing of socio-spatial mechanisms tested by the renewable energies development, especially wind turbines. The specificity of this approach may be a geographical rendition of the Life Cycle Assessment method. For this purpose, the thesis requires the concept of landscape in its dynamic meaning. However, the life cycle assessment invites us to reshape the idea of landscape dynamics according to the notion of event. The thesis explores the arrival of a wind turbines project as an event and it focus on its sudden emergence, the induced socio-spatial destabilizations and the individual and social adaptations. The purpose of this research is to investigate a Social Life Cycle Assessment of the landscape representations of the wind energy. This ambition faces a time constraint. The allowed time of a PhD thesis faces political times and the times of the experience. Created events or suffered events impact the socio-spatial representations differently and over various timescales. Considering a diachronic study brings about rethinking the epistemological and methodological issues raised by a corpus which gathers several types of data, from different sources and which would be analyzed together. The analysis is led on discourses and especially on spatial textual references along with the individual sensibilities revealed when a wind turbines project is initiated on territory. The thesis tracks the life cycle steps of windpower-events that we interpret according to the socio-spatial context of the study terrains
Saad, Lara. "Optimisation du coût du cycle de vie des structures en béton armé." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22692/document.
Повний текст джерелаCivil engineering structures, particularly reinforced concrete bridges, should be designed and managed to ensure the society needs. It is crucial to assure that these structures function properly and safely as damage during the service life can lead to transport disturbance, catastrophic loss of property, causalities, as well as severe economic, social, and environmental impacts, in addition to long term consequences. Decision-makers adopt various activities to maintain adequate long-term performance and functionality while satisfying financial constraints. Ideally, they may employ optimization techniques to identify the trade-offs between minimizing the life-cycle cost (LCC) and maximizing the expected service life. This requires the development of three challenging chores: life cycle analysis, reliability analysis and structural optimization. The current approaches for the design and management of structures through a Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) highlight the following needs: (1) an integrated and systematic approach to model coherently the deterioration processes, the increasing traffic loads, the aging and the direct and indirect consequences of failure, (2) a mutual consideration of economic, structural and stochastic dependencies between the elements of a structural system, (3) an adequate approach for the deterioration dependencies and load redistribution between the elements, (4) an improvement of system reliability computation as a function of the structural redundancy and configuration that can take into account the dependencies between the elements, (5) a consideration of design and maintenance optimization procedures that focus coherently on the robustness of the management decision and on the satisfaction of reliability requirements.The overall objective of this study is to provide improved LCCA and procedures that can be applied to select optimal and robust design and maintenance decisions regarding new and existing reinforced concrete structures, by minimizing both manager and user costs, while providing the required safety along the structure lifetime, taking into account the most severe degradation processes and the dependencies between structural elements. In the first part of this thesis, a literature review concerning the current probabilistic design and maintenance procedures is presented, and the LCC components are discussed. Then, a new approach is developed to evaluate the user delay costs on a reinforced concrete bridge structure, based on direct and indirect costs related to degradation and failure, and to integrate it to the life cycle cost function, in order to allow for probabilistic design. In addition,the coupled corrosion-fatigue model is considered in the design optimization. Afterward, a structural maintenance planning approach is developed to consider the three types of interactions, namely economic, structural and stochastic dependencies. The proposed model uses fault tree analysis and conditional probabilities to reflect the dependencies in the maintenance planning. The consequences of degradation are evaluated and a method is proposed to account for the load redistribution. Moreover, a practical formulation for quantifying the reliability of a system formed of interrelated components is proposed, by the mean of a redundancy factor that can be computed by finite element analysis. Finally, a new optimization procedure is proposed, by taking into account the uncertainties in the analysis, and the structural ability to adapt to variability, unforeseen actions or deterioration mechanisms. The proposed procedure takes account of uncertainties andvariability in one consistent formulation, which is shown through numerical applications. (...)