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Статті в журналах з теми "Cycle de Stirling"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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1

Wang, Shulin, Baiao Liu, Gang Xiao, and Mingjiang Ni. "A Potential Method to Predict Performance of Positive Stirling Cycles Based on Reverse Ones." Energies 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 7040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217040.

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There are two kinds of working mechanisms for the Stirling cycle, i.e., the positive and the reverse cycles, and a Stirling engine (SE) can be operated as a Stirling refrigerator (SR). This indicates that a probable practical method for evaluating the performance of a Stirling engine is to run it as a refrigerator, which is much easier to operate. For this purpose, an improved Simple model for both the positive and the reverse Stirling cycles, considering the various loss mechanisms and actual operating conditions, is proposed and verified by a self-designed Stirling engine. As to the positive cycle with helium and nitrogen at 2.8 MPa, the model errors range from 5.4–11.3% for the indicated power, and 1–10.2% for the cycle efficiency. As to the reverse cycle with helium and nitrogen, the errors of the predicted input power range from 7.9–15.3% and from 2.5–10.9%, respectively. The experimental cooling temperatures can reach −92.2 and −53.6 °C, respectively, for the reverse cycle with the helium and nitrogen at 2.8 MPa. This Stirling-cycle analysis model shows a good adaptability for both the positive and the reverse cycles. In addition, the p-V maps of the positive and reverse cycles are compared in terms of “pressure ratio” and “curve shape”. The pressure ratio of the reverse cycle is significantly higher than that of the positive one at the same mean pressure. A method is proposed to predict the indicated work of the positive Stirling cycles using the reverse ones. A mathematical model to predict the indicated power of the positive Stirling cycles based on the reverse ones is proposed: Wheat2−Wcool1=A·(Tge2−Tgc2Tgc1−Tge1)B. The most critical issue with this method is to establish an associated model of the temperatures of the expansion and the compression space. This model shows a good adaptability for both the positive and the reverse cycles and can provide detailed information for deep discussion between the positive and the reverse cycles.

2

Pandit, Tanmoy, Pritam Chattopadhyay, and Goutam Paul. "Non-commutative space engine: A boost to thermodynamic processes." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 24 (August 10, 2021): 2150174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321501741.

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We introduce quantum heat engines that perform quantum Otto cycle and the quantum Stirling cycle by using a coupled pair of harmonic oscillator as its working substance. In the quantum regime, different working medium is considered for the analysis of the engine models to boost the efficiency of the cycles. In this work, we present Otto and Stirling cycle in the quantum realm where the phase space is non-commutative in nature. By using the notion of quantum thermodynamics, we develop the thermodynamic variables in non-commutative phase space. We encounter a catalytic effect (boost) on the efficiency of the engine in non-commutative space (i.e. we encounter that the Stirling cycle reaches near to the efficiency of the ideal cycle) when compared with the commutative space. Moreover, we obtained a notion that the working medium is much more effective for the analysis of the Stirling cycle than that of the Otto cycle.

3

Paul, Raphael, and Karl Heinz Hoffmann. "Optimizing the Piston Paths of Stirling Cycle Cryocoolers." Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 47, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2021-0073.

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Abstract The ideal Stirling cycle provides a clear control strategy for the piston paths of ideal representations of Stirling cycle machines. For non-equilibrium Stirling cycle machines however, piston paths aiming to emulate the ideal cycle’s four strokes will not necessarily yield best performance. In this contribution, we ask the question: What are the COP-optimal piston paths for specific non-equilibrium Stirling cryocoolers? To this end, we consider a low-effort Stirling cryocooler model that consists of a set of coupled ordinary differential equations and takes several loss phenomena into account. For this model and an exemplary parameter set, piston path optimizations are done with an indirect iterative gradient method based on optimal control theory. The optimizations are repeated for two different kinds of volume constraints for the working spaces: one representing an alpha-Stirling configuration, the other a beta-Stirling configuration. Compared to harmonic piston paths, the optimal piston paths lead to significant improvements in COP of ca. 88 % for the alpha-Stirling and ca. 117 % for the beta-Stirling at the maximum-COP operational frequency. Additionally—and even though the optimizations were performed for maximum COP—cooling power was increased with even lager ratios.

4

Davey, G., and A. H. Orlowska. "Miniature stirling cycle cooler." Cryogenics 27, no. 3 (March 1987): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(87)90071-3.

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5

Shaw, John E. "Comparing Carnot, Stirling, Otto, Brayton and Diesel Cycles." Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 42, no. 2008 (January 1, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30956/0544-540x-42.2008.1.

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Comparing the efficiencies of the Carnot, Stirling, Otto, Brayton and Diesel cycles can be a frustrating experience for the student. The efficiency of Carnot and Stirling cycles depends only on the ratio of the temperature extremes whereas the efficiency of Otto and Brayton cycles depends only on the compression ratio. The efficiency of a Diesel cycle is generally expressed in terms of the temperatures at the four turning points of the cycle or the volumes at these turning points. How does one actually compare the efficiencies of these thermodynamic cycles? To compare the cycles, an expression for the efficiency of the Diesel cycle will be obtained in terms of the compression ratio and the ratio of the temperature extremes of the cycle. It is found that for a fixed temperature ratio that the efficiency increases with compression ratio for the Otto, Brayton and Diesel cycles until their efficiency is the same as that of the corresponding Carnot cycle. This occurs at the point where the heat input to the cycles is zero. For a fixed compression ratio the efficiency increases with temperature ratio for the Carnot and Stirling cycles but decreases for the Diesel cycle. This is an important factor in understanding how a Diesel cycle can be made to be more efficient than an Otto cycle.

6

Morrison, Gale. "Stirling Renewal." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 05 (May 1, 1999): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-may-4.

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This article presents an analysis that shows refrigerators and generators that use an alternative thermodynamic cycle are a green engineering hotbed. Developers say that designs based on the Stirling cycle offer significant efficiencies, and Stirling-based refrigeration systems need no fluorocarbons. Stirling engines are being investigated for distributed electric power generation. That's because many see more efficient generation right where the user wants it, as an alternative to building more fossil fuel-burning plants and then constructing miles and miles of grid lines for transmission. According to experts, free-piston Stirling refrigeration has advantages over conventional Rankine refrigeration systems. Free-piston Stirling coolers operate efficiently at all levels of demand because they can modulate their capacity to match any requirement. Compared to actual average home refrigerators, the Global Cooling Stirling system can be expected to improve energy efficiency by more than 70 percent. One of the significant benefits that Stirling cycle engines hold over an internal combustion counterpart is their quieter operation.

7

Červenka, Libor. "Idealization of The Real Stirling Cycle." Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2016-0011.

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Abstract The paper presents a potential idealization of the real Stirling cycle. This idealization is performed by modifying the piston movement corresponding to the ideal Stirling cycle. The focus is on the cycle thermodynamics with respect to the indicated efficiency and indicated power. A detailed 1-D simulation model of a Stirling engine is used as a tool for this assessment. The model includes real non-zero volumes of heater, regenerator, cooler and connecting pipe. The model is created in the GT Power commercial simulation software.

8

Lin, Chen, Xian Zhou Wang, Xi Chen, and Zhi Guo Zhang. "Improve the Free-Piston Stirling Engine Design with High Order Analysis Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1991.

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Stirling engine is a heat engine which is enclosed a fixed quantity of permanently gaseous fluid as the working fluid. The free-piston Stirling engine is noted for its high efficiency, quiet operation, long life without maintenance in ten years and the ease with which it can use almost any heat source. Stirling cycle analysis method has been successfully applied to improve the free-piston Stirling engine design by its step-by-step development on order. This study presents the development and application of Stirling cycle analysis method. Discussions about use of multi-dimension CFD software simulating free piston Stirling engine when there’s not any available experimental data for its design will provide. Since it needs less computing resource and time to get 1D simulation results with some accuracy, the application of multi-dimension CFD could be very helpful to improve accuracy of 1D result with the details of the different simplified model parameters used in 1D model. The research demonstrates that with the combination of high order Stirling cycle analysis method, the design of the free-piston Stirling engine with the aid of numerical method could be much more effectively and accurately.

9

ISHIKAWA, Masaaki, Tetsuo HIRATA, Konosuke FUJIMOTO, and Manabu YAMADA. "Cogeneration System with Stirling Cycle." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2002.39 (2002): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2002.39.365.

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10

ISHIKAWA, Masaaki, Kounosuke FUJIMOTO, and Tetsuo HIRATA. "Cogeneration System with Stirling Cycle." Proceedings of the Symposium on Stirlling Cycle 2002.6 (2002): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmessc.2002.6.43.

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11

ISHIKAWA, Masaaki, Takehiro FUJIWARA, Tetsuo HIRATA, and Yasuyuki SAKAI. "Bilateral Application of Stirling cycle." Proceedings of the Symposium on Stirlling Cycle 2004.8 (2004): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmessc.2004.8.21.

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12

Kussul, Ernst, Oleksandr Makeyev, Tatiana Baidyk, and Omar Olvera. "Design of Ericsson Heat Engine with Micro Channel Recuperator." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/613642.

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Stirling cycle and Rankine cycle heat engines are used to transform the heat energy of solar concentrators to mechanical and electrical energy. The Rankine cycle is used for large-scale solar power plants. The Stirling cycle can be used for small-scale solar power plants. The Stirling cycle heat engine has many advantages such as high efficiencyand long service life. However, the Stirling cycle is good for high-temperature difference. It demands the use of expensive materials. Its efficiency depends on the efficiency of the heat regenerator. The design and manufacture of a heat regenerator are not a trivial problem because the regenerator has to be placed in the internal space of the engine. It is possible to avoid this problem if we place the regenerator out of the internal engine space. To realize this idea it is necessary to develop the Ericsson cycle heat engine. We propose theoretical model and design of this engine.

13

Organ, A. J. "Anatomy of the Stirling Engine Cycle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 207, no. 3 (May 1993): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_114_02.

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Conditions are isolated for thermodynamic processes in two Stirling cycle machines to be identical. The conditions form the basis for the concept of ‘functional similarity’. Using the similarity conditions the designer may scale the detailed gas circuit specification of a viable Stirling engine to a derivative design of different size, crankshaft speed, working fluid and pressure. The method complements, and provides an independent check of, the simulation approach to gas circuit design.

14

Paul, Raphael, and Karl Heinz Hoffmann. "Cyclic Control Optimization Algorithm for Stirling Engines." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050873.

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The ideal Stirling cycle describes a specific way to operate an equilibrium Stirling engine. This cycle consists of two isothermal and two isochoric strokes. For non-equilibrium Stirling engines, which may feature various irreversibilities and whose dynamics is characterized by a set of coupled ordinary differential equations, a control strategy that is based on the ideal cycle will not necessarily yield the best performance—for example, it will not generally lead to maximum power. In this paper, we present a method to optimize the engine’s piston paths for different objectives; in particular, power and efficiency. Here, the focus is on an indirect iterative gradient algorithm that we use to solve the cyclic optimal control problem. The cyclic optimal control problem leads to a Hamiltonian system that features a symmetry between its state and costate subproblems. The symmetry manifests itself in the existence of mutually related attractive and repulsive limit cycles. Our algorithm exploits these limit cycles to solve the state and costate problems with periodic boundary conditions. A description of the algorithm is provided and it is explained how the control can be embedded in the system dynamics. Moreover, the optimization results obtained for an exemplary Stirling engine model are discussed. For this Stirling engine model, a comparison of the optimized piston paths against harmonic piston paths shows significant gains in both power and efficiency. At the maximum power point, the relative power gain due to the power-optimal control is ca. 28%, whereas the relative efficiency gain due to the efficiency-optimal control at the maximum efficiency point is ca. 10%.

15

Li, Zhengting, Dinghonglun Lou, and Junhao Pan. "Stirling engines for solar thermal energy and residential purposes." Applied and Computational Engineering 11, no. 1 (September 25, 2023): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/11/20230219.

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The comparison and advantages with other engines and other aspects of Stirling engine in household appliances, to solve the problems caused by existing household appliances, realize the optimization of energy resources and achieve sustainability. A Stirling engine can work in reverse as a heat pump for heating or cooling if supplied with mechanical power. The ultra-low temperature refrigerator using the Stirling engine breaks through the traditional compressor refrigeration method in the noise, efficiency, energy consumption, stability, and other aspects of the long-term dilemma, creating a new situation of technological refrigeration. In the late 1930s, the Philips Corporation of the Netherlands successfully used the Stirling cycle in cryogenic applications. Experiments have been conducted using wind power driving a Stirling cycle heat pump for domestic heating and air conditioning. This paper mainly describes the application of the Stirling engine in household appliances and its advantages. The paper will explore the basic principle and efficiency of the Stirling engine and the use of household appliances.

16

Haseli, Y. "Substance Independence of Efficiency of a Class of Heat Engines Undergoing Two Isothermal Processes." Journal of Thermodynamics 2011 (May 25, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/647937.

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Three power producing cycles have been so far known that include two isothermal processes, namely, Carnot, Stirling, and Ericsson. It is well known that the efficiency of the Carnot cycle represented by is independent of its working fluid. Using fundamental relationships between thermodynamic properties including Maxwell's relationships, this paper shows in a closed form that the Ericsson and the Stirling cycles also possess the Carnot efficiency irrespective of the nature of the working gas.

17

Yang, Hui Shan, Jin Mei Wu, Li Shuang Wu, and Zhi Wei Wu. "Thermoeconomic Optimization for a Ferroelectric Stirling Refrigeration-Cycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.175.

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Using the finite-time thermodynamics, an irreversible cycle model of the Stirling refrigeration-cycle, using a ferroelectric material as the working substance, is established. Several irreversibilities due to thermal resistances between the working substance and the heat reservoirs, regenerative losses in two regenerative processes are taken into account. The influence of these irreversible losses on the performance of the ferroelectric Stirling refrigeration-cycleis analyzed. The thermoeconomic optimization for ferroelectric Stirling refrigeration-cycle is reported. The cooling load for the refrigerator per unit total cost is proposed as objective functions for the optimization. The optimum performance parameters which maximize the objective functions are investigated. Since the optimization technique consists of both investment and energy consumption costs, the obtained results are more general and realistic.

18

Khan, Umara, Ron Zevenhoven, and Tor-Martin Tveit. "Evaluation of the Environmental Sustainability of a Stirling Cycle-Based Heat Pump Using LCA." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174469.

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Heat pumps are increasingly seen as efficient and cost-effective heating systems also in industrial applications. They can drastically reduce the carbon footprint of heating by utilizing waste heat and renewable electricity. Recent research on Stirling cycle-based very high temperature heat pumps is motivated by their promising role in addressing global environmental and energy-related challenges. Evaluating the environmental footprint of a heat pump is not easy, and the impacts of Stirling cycle-based heat pumps, with a relatively high temperature lift have received little attention. In this work, the environmental footprint of a Stirling cycle-based very high temperature heat pump is evaluated using a “cradle to grave” LCA approach. The results for 15 years of use (including manufacturing phase, operation phase, and decommissioning) of a 500-kW heat output rate system are compared with those of natural gas- and oil-fired boilers. It is found that, for the Stirling cycle-based HP, the global warming potential after of 15 years of use is nearly −5000 kg CO2 equivalent. The Stirling cycle-based HP offers an environmental impact reduction of at least 10% up to over 40% in the categories climate change, photochemical ozone formation, and ozone depletion when compared to gas- and oil-fired boilers, respectively.

19

Homutescu, Vlad Mario, and Dan Teodor Balanescu. "Gamma-Type Stirling Motor-Driven Compressor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.377.

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Paper is analyzing an engine-driven gamma-type Stirling compressor by means of an isothermal physico-mathematical model. The maximum performances of an engine-driven gamma-type Stirling compressor (working after a quasi-Stirling thermodynamic cycle) are obtained. By using these maximum performances as reference, a comparison between different physical embodiments of engine-driven gamma-type Stirling compressors can be achieved.

20

HOSHI, Akira, Akira SASAKI, Shinzo TANAKA, and Shin-ichiro WAKASHIMA. "Support of Reconstruction for Disaster Area using Stirling Cycle Machine." International Conference on Business & Technology Transfer 2012.6 (2012): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicbtt.2012.6.0_64.

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21

Han, Xu Dong, and Wei Zheng Xu. "Analysis on the Cycle Characteristics of Dual Swash Plate Stirling Engine." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.946.

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Dual swash plate Stirling engine was designed to convert the waste energy of the flame to mechanical energy. A Stirling model has been developed and used to optimize the performance and design parameters of the engine. The Schmidt analysis is used to obtain the internal engine pressure for the adiabatic analysis. The objective of this paper is to provide fundamental information and present a detailed feasibility of dual the swash plate mechanism. Based on the theoretical model and numerical simulation, the Stirling power is calculated. The result shows that the swash plate mechanism could be applied in practice.

22

Ranieri, Salvatore, Gilberto Prado, and Brendan MacDonald. "Efficiency Reduction in Stirling Engines Resulting from Sinusoidal Motion." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112887.

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Stirling engines have a high potential to produce renewable energy due to their ability to use a wide range of sustainable heat sources, such as concentrated solar thermal power and biomass, and also due to their high theoretical efficiencies. They have not yet achieved widespread use and commercial Stirling engines have had reduced efficiencies compared to their ideal values. In this work we show that a substantial amount of the reduction in efficiency is due to the operation of Stirling engines using sinusoidal motion and quantify this reduction. A discrete model was developed to perform an isothermal analysis of a 100cc alpha-type Stirling engine with a 90 ∘ phase angle offset, to demonstrate the impact of sinusoidal motion on the net work and thermal efficiency in comparison to the ideal cycle. For the specific engine analyzed, the maximum thermal efficiency of the sinusoidal cycle was found to have a limit of 34.4%, which is a reduction of 27.1% from Carnot efficiency. The net work of the sinusoidal cycle was found to be 65.9% of the net work from the ideal cycle. The model was adapted to analyze beta and gamma-type Stirling configurations, and the analysis revealed similar reductions due to sinusoidal motion.

23

Rix, D. H. "The Potential of the Stirling Cycle Heat Pump." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power Engineering 203, no. 4 (November 1989): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_035_02.

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An important potential application of the electrically driven Stirling cycle heat pump is in the field of industrial waste heat recovery. Here the temperatures and temperature lifts required are often outside the scope of existing types of heat pump. What has to be ascertained is whether the Stirling cycle heat pump can achieve a sufficiently high coefficient of performance. In the paper this question is examined by the use of a theoretical model. The model is first checked against measured results from an actual Stirling heat pump which has been built and tested, but which was of low COP. It is shown that for a temperature lift of WOK, it should be possible to construct a heat pump with a COP of about 3.5. It is also shown that under these conditions, the maximum attainable specific output of heat would approach 1 J/cycle cm3 of piston displacement.

24

Organ, A. J. "Thermodynamic Design of Stirling Cycle Machines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 201, no. 2 (March 1987): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_093_02.

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When local, instantaneous departures from ideal reversible behaviour are evaluated in terms of the entropy generation rate, the differential equations describing the unsteady processes in the Stirling cycle machine give way to steady flow forms. A simple multiplication by To gives immediately the local, instantaneous rate of loss of available work. The paper exploits this fact to obtain, from an ideal model of the flow processes, the indicated cycle work of the real (irreversible) cycle. The result is of the form: [Formula: see text] {( geometric parameters), τγ, NRE, NPR, NF, … ( dimensionless groups in order of diminishing influence)} where τ, NRE, NF etc. are dimensionless groups of the operating parameters, engine speed, pref, Te, Tc etc. and γ is the specific heat ratio of the working fluid, which is shown to be the only fluid property that independently influences Z. The approach is an alternative to the time consuming solution of the defining differential equations and provides a convenient design tool which has long been lacking in this area. The only assumption additional to those invoked in conventional computer modelling of the Stirling cycle is that actual gas processes do not depart excessively from those predicted by the ideal model of the flow—for example from those provided by the so-called ‘adiabatic’ cycle model.

25

ISHIKAWA, Masaaki, Tetsuo HIRATA, Kohnosuke FUJIMOTO, and Manabu YAMADA. "Bilateral Application of Stirling Cycle Machines." Proceedings of the Symposium on Stirlling Cycle 2003.7 (2003): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmessc.2003.7.73.

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26

SAKAI, Yasuyuki, Masaaki ISHIKAWA, Gen KATAGIRI, and Tetsuo HIRATA. "A05 Bilateral Application of Stirling Cycle." Proceedings of the Symposium on Stirlling Cycle 2005.9 (2005): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmessc.2005.9.19.

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27

HOSHINO, Takeshi. "Stirling cycle technology for space applications." Proceedings of the Symposium on Stirlling Cycle 2011.14 (2011): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmessc.2011.14.5.

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28

Dickerson, Robert H., and Jochen Mottmann. "The Stirling cycle and Carnot’s theorem." European Journal of Physics 40, no. 6 (September 24, 2019): 065103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ab3532.

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29

Tailor, P. R., and K. G. Narayankhedkar. "Thermodynamic analysis of the Stirling cycle." Cryogenics 28, no. 1 (January 1988): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(88)90227-5.

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30

Kitaya, K., та M. Isobe. "Molecular dynamics study of a nano-scale β-type Stirling engine". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2207, № 1 (1 березня 2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2207/1/012006.

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Abstract A Stirling engine is based on a thermodynamic cycle; a temperature difference causes flywheel rotation. Because the arbitrary (stochastic) heat resources contact some of the systems that generate the work (i.e., the energy), Stirling engines remain important in the present era of Sustainable Development Goals because of their broad applicability. This study focuses on a nano-scale “β-type” Stirling engine, specifically concerning a model for numerical simulation. We perform molecular dynamics simulation of the two-dimensional model (using hundreds of particles) and calculate the thermal efficiency. We figured out the minimal necessary conditions for stable rotation, as well as the lower limits of particle numbers and temperature differences for autonomous thermodynamic cycles.

31

Geok Pheng, Liaw, Rosnani Affandi, Mohd Ruddin Ab Ghani, Chin Kim Gan, and Jano Zanariah. "Stirling Engine Technology for Parabolic Dish-Stirling System Based on Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.576.

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Solar energy is one of the more attractive renewable energy sources that can be used as an input energy source for heat engines. In fact, any heat energy sources can be used with the Stirling engine. Stirling engines are mechanical devices working theoretically on the Stirling cycle, or its modifications, in which compressible fluids, such as air, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or even vapors, are used as working fluids. When comparing with the internal combustion engine, the Stirling engine offers possibility for having high efficiency engine with less exhaust emissions. However, this paper analyzes the basic background of Stirling engine and reviews its existing literature pertaining to dynamic model and control system for parabolic dish-stirling (PD) system.

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Sun, Wei Dong, Qi Fen Li, Lin Hui Zhao, Li Fei Song, and Xin Zhao. "The Study of Medium/Low-Temperature Stirling Engine Power Output Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1431.

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Stirling engine has the characteristics of diversification of heat source and high thermal power conversion efficiency. It has broad application prospects in using low-grade energy, such as solar energy, biomass emergy and industrial waste heat. In this paper, Schmidt Method used in the Stirling engine working cycle is analyzed theoretically, and the Stirling engine power output is calculated. The effects of temperature and the average cycle pressure on the output characteristics of the system are analyzed. Theoretical calculations show that the output characteristics can be improved significantly by adjusting the heating temperature and the average cycle pressure. An experiment station is then designed and constructed for the research on Stirling engine power output characteristics. Experimental results show that by improving pre-charge pressure in the working chamber with low temperature conditions, the system can achieve higher power output and thermal efficiency. Pre-charge pressure in the working chamber is adjusted to 2MPa, when the heater tube wall temperature reaches 650 °C, the output power exceeds 1750W, and the effective efficiency will be 23.3%.

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Berchowitz, David M. "Stirling Thermodynamics using Phasor Notation." E3S Web of Conferences 313 (2021): 12003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131312003.

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Phasor mathematics is used to develop the isothermal Stirling cycle and extended to the ideal adiabatic Stirling cycle. The results are developed for piston – piston (alpha) machines and displacer – piston (beta and gamma) machines. The effect of non-ideal regeneration is handled by defining a regenerator effectiveness ratio. The importance of the amplitude pressure ratio (pressure amplitude to the mean pressure) is developed and shown to be a useful parameter when evaluating the effect of dead volume or when applying simple cycle analyses. The analysis is developed for both power producing and cooling engines. The utility of these analyses is discussed with respect to calibrated results of real machines.

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Organ, A. J., and P. S. Jung. "The Stirling Cycle as a Linear Wave Phenomenon." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 203, no. 5 (September 1989): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_119_02.

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The exchanger system of the Stirling cycle machine is modelled as some hundreds of wave-reflection sites representing the flow area discontinuities of individual tube transitions and regenerator gauzes. The methods of linear, inviscid, one-dimensional wave theory permit pressure and velocity to be predicted over a complete cycle in function of time and location in a single computational sweep of the flow passage system. Results computed for a specific Stirling machine are compared with the experimental counterpart. The comparison provides a tentative explanation for the frequently reported discrepancy between pressure characteristics measured experimentally and those derived from computer simulations based on steady-flow correlations between Cf and NRe.

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Harrod, J., P. J. Mago, K. Srinivasan, and L. M. Chamra. "First and second law analysis of a Stirling engine with imperfect regeneration and dead volume." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 11 (July 21, 2009): 2595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1651.

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This article discusses the thermodynamic performance of an ideal Stirling cycle engine. This investigation uses the first law of thermodynamics to obtain trends of total heat addition, net work output, and thermal efficiency with varying dead volume percentage and regenerator effectiveness. Second law analysis is used to obtain trends for the total entropy generation of the cycle. In addition, the entropy generation of each component contributing to the Stirling cycle processes is considered. In particular, parametric studies of dead volume effects and regenerator effectiveness on Stirling engine performance are investigated. Finally, the thermodynamic availability of the system is assessed to determine theoretical second law efficiencies based on the useful exergy output of the cycle. Results indicate that a Stirling engine has high net work output and thermal efficiency for low dead volume percentages and high regenerator effectiveness. For example, compared to an engine with zero dead volume and perfect regeneration, an engine with 40 per cent dead volume and a regenerator effectiveness of 0.8 is shown to have ∼60 per cent less net work output and a 70 per cent smaller thermal efficiency. Additionally, this engine results in approximately nine times greater overall entropy generation and 55 per cent smaller second law efficiency.

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Brzeski, L., and Z. Kazimierski. "A New Concept of Externally Heated Engine—Comparisons with the Stirling Engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 210, no. 5 (October 1996): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_060_02.

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This paper presents a new concept of the externally heated valve (EHV) engine. Air can be used as a working medium in the closed cycle of this engine. Heat delivered to the working air can come from a combustion chamber or another heat generator of an arbitrary type. The engine construction and the thermodynamic cycle performed by it are original and entirely different from the well-known Stirling engine. The main disadvantage of the Stirling engine is its low power density, that is the low power obtained per litre of the engine cylinder volume. In the case of the engine presented here it is possible to achieve power density and efficiency similar to those typical of advanced internal combustion engines. Comparisons between the power of the Stirling engine and the power of the new engine have been performed for the same engine capacity, rotational frequency and maximum and minimum temperatures of the cycle. At the same minimum pressure of the working gas in both engines, the power of the EHV engine is several times higher than that of the Stirling engine, while, on the other hand, at the same maximum pressure of the working gas in both engines, the power of the EHV engine is 20 per cent higher than that of the Stirling engine power. The efficiencies of both engines do not differ significantly from each other.

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Zahari, Faisal, Muhammad Murtadha Othman, Ismail Musirin, Amirul Asyraf Mohd Kamaruzaman, Nur Ashida Salim, and Bibi Norasiqin Sheikh Rahimullah. "Design of a Small Renewable Resource Model based on the Stirling Engine with Alpha and Beta Configurations." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i2.pp360-367.

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<p>This paper presents the conceptual design of Stirling engine based Alpha and Beta configurations. The performances of Stirling engine based Beta configuration will be expounded elaborately in the discussion. The Stirling engines are durable in its operation that requires less maintenance cost. The methodology for both configurations consists of thermodynamic formulation of Stirling Cycle, Schmidt theory and few composition of flywheel and Ross-Yoke dimension. Customarily, the Stirling engine based Beta configuration will operate during the occurrence of low and high temperature differences emanating from any type of waste heat energy. A straightforward analysis on the performance of Stirling engine based Beta configuration has been performed corresponding to the temperature variation of cooling agent. The results have shown that the temperature variation of cooling agent has a direct effect on the performances of Stirling engine in terms of its speed, voltage and output power. </p>

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Organ, A. J. "Thermodynamic Analysis of the Stirling Cycle Machine—A Review of the Literature." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 201, no. 6 (November 1987): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_142_02.

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There is no agreed approach to the analysis of the practical Stirling cycle. Consequently there is no method of any generality for thermodynamic design and no established yardstick for assessing candidate design methods. The author therefore presents a vision of Stirling cycle analysis as it might be. Salient contributions to the literature are reviewed with this as background. The prospects are discussed for use of theoretical analysis in the optimization of thermodynamic performance.

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Marko, Matthew David. "The saturated and supercritical Stirling cycle thermodynamic heat engine cycle." AIP Advances 8, no. 8 (August 2018): 085309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5043523.

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Dhimas Satria, Rina Lusiani, Erny Listijorini, and Aswata. "Analisa Isolasi Pipa Generator Mesin Stirling Tipe Alpha Sudut Fasa 180°." R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal 6, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/r.e.m.v6i1.1058.

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This research is a development of previous research, where in the previous research, a design innovation was carried out on an alpha-type stirling engine by making the phase angle to 180o, with the aim of reducing the effect when the cold cylinder is compressed, because the phase angle currently used is (90o) with disadvantages, namely the cold cylinder is perpendicular to the top, so that the compression process against gravity. But in previous studies, the generator pipe was too long, causing a lot of energy or heat loss (heat loss) so that the compression speed was small. So that in the research, innovated and analyzed the pipe insulation of alpha-type stirling engine generators, alpha-type stirling engines, 180o phase angle. The research method used is to use the thermodynamic approach with Schmidt theory and the theory of the ideal cycle stirling engine. while the simulation is done using the Ideal Stirling Cycle Calculator. Results investigated shows that providing insulation on the generator pipes of an alpha-type stirling engine for an alpha-type stirling engine with a 180o phase angle is proven to reduce a lot of energy or heat loss (heat loss) due to too long generator pipes, with a heat loss value ratio of 226.66 W for the pipe. generator that uses insulation whose value is smaller than the value of the heat loss when the generator pipe without using isocation is 1,584.12 W.

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OTAKA, Toshio, Masahiro OTA, and Hiroshi SEKITANI. "Stirling Cycle Refrigerator with a Hybrid Regenerator." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2002.8 (2002): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2002.8.629.

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Aragón-González, G., M. Cano-Bianco, A. León-Galicia, and J. M. Rivera-Camacho. "Optimization of an irreversible Stirling regenerative cycle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 582 (January 14, 2015): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/582/1/012056.

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Romanelli, Alejandro. "Alternative thermodynamic cycle for the Stirling machine." American Journal of Physics 85, no. 12 (December 2017): 926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.5007063.

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Thombare, D. G., and S. K. Verma. "Technological development in the Stirling cycle engines." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.001.

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Yang, Xiaoqin, and J. N. Chung. "Size effects on miniature Stirling cycle cryocoolers." Cryogenics 45, no. 8 (August 2005): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.02.005.

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Kotsubo, V., and G. W. Swift. "Superfluid Stirling-cycle refrigeration below 1 kelvin." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 83, no. 3-4 (May 1991): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00682119.

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Formosa, F., and G. Despesse. "Analytical model for Stirling cycle machine design." Energy Conversion and Management 51, no. 10 (October 2010): 1855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.02.010.

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Asemi, Hamidreza, Sareh Daneshgar, and Rahim Zahedi. "Experimental investigation of gamma Stirling refrigerator to convert thermal to cooling energy utilizing different gases." Resources Environment and Information Engineering 4, no. 1 (2022): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/reie.2022.01.004.

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In recent years, combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) systems have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Owing to their advantages of high overall thermal efficiency, fuel flexibility, low noise and vibration, and low emissions, Stirling engines, are promising candidates for micro-CCHP systems. The Stirling Cycle is one of the thermodynamic cycles that is close to Carnot cycle in term of theory, and these advantages cause to using Stirling engines in wide industries. The main objective of this research is experimental investigation of Stirling Gamma engine for refrigeration. In this investigation, effect of working fluid air and Helium, operating pressure of working fluid and dynamo power on refrigeration generation have been investigated. Results show that with using air fluid with power 520.8 Watts and operating pressure 3 bar and in 10 minutes could reach to temperature -23° Celsius and with using Helium fluid with power 420 Watts and operating pressure 6 bar and in 10 minutes could reach to temperature -21° Celsius. In experimental implement, it has been tried to reach lower than 10% error results in various part of engine like, insulation, leaking, belt lash and measurement devises. Results show that increasing power supply, mean gas pressure, power supply turning on duration and using fluids such as air, helium are effective in refrigeration. Also by using helium instead of air, the amount of cooling output and engine output power decreases while engine efficiency increases.

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Abbas, Mohamed, Noureddine Said, and Boussad Boumeddane. "Optimisation d’un moteur Stirling de type gamma." Journal of Renewable Energies 13, no. 1 (October 25, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v13i1.174.

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La nécessité de réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) a conduit à revaloriser les moteurs à combustion externe fonctionnant selon le cycle de Stirling. Les moteurs Stirling connaissent depuis peu une vogue nouvelle, car ils sont silencieux, non polluants, acceptent tout type de chaleur externe et demandent peu de maintenance. Ce moteur a été utilisé avec succès pour la conversion de l’énergie solaire en électricité par la technologie dite ‘Dish Stirling System’ qui utilise un moteur Stirling placé au foyer d’un concentrateur parabolique. Dans cette étude, une modélisation dynamique d’un moteur Stirling de type gamma basée une approche quasi stationnaire a été présentée. Ce modèle, qui prend en compte les différentes pertes thermiques et mécaniques dont le moteur Stirling est le siège, a conduit à l’écriture d’important système d’équation algébro différentielles. Le programme de calcul développé sous Matlab a permis, dans le but d’améliorer les performances du moteur Stirling, d’optimiser les paramètres géométriques et physiques, tels que la géométrie des échangeurs, la température du réchauffeur et du refroidisseur, les volumes morts et la vitesse de rotation.

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Massardo, Aristide. "High-Efficiency Solar Dynamic Space Power Generation System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 113, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930484.

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Space power technologies have undergone significant advances over the past few years, and great emphasis is being placed on the development of dynamic power systems at this time. A design study has been conducted to evaluate the applicability of a combined cycle concept—closed Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle coupling—for solar dynamic space power generation systems. In the concept presented here (solar dynamic combined cycle), the waste heat rejected by the closed Brayton cycle working fluid is utilized to heat the organic working fluid of an organic Rankine cycle system. This allows the solar dynamic combined cycle efficiency to be increased compared to the efficiencies of two subsystems (closed Brayton cycle and organic fluid cycle). Also, for small-size space power systems (up to 50 kW), the efficiency of the solar dynamic combined cycle can be comparable with Stirling engine performance. The closed Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle designs are based on a great deal of maturity assessed in much previous work on terrestrial and solar dynamic power systems. This is not yet true for the Stirling cycles. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of the new space power generation system (solar dynamic combined cycle). The significant benefits of the solar dynamic combined cycle concept such as efficiency increase, mass reduction, specific area—collector and radiator—reduction, are presented and discussed for a low earth orbit space station application.