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1
Henschel, Sebastian, Philipp-Tobias Dörner, Florian Kößler, and Jürgen Fleischer. "Mechanische Zelldemontage für das direkte Recycling/Mechanical battery cell disassembly for direct end-of-life battery recycling." wt Werkstattstechnik online 113, no. 07-08 (2023): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2023-07-08-12.
Анотація:
Die Ziele der Verkehrswende führen zu einem stetig steigenden Bedarf an Lithium-Ionen-Batterien. Damit diese am Ende ihres Lebenszyklus in einigen Jahren nicht als Abfall anfallen, sondern die darin enthaltenen wertvollen Rohstoffe weiter genutzt werden können, ist ein effektives Recycling im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft notwendig. Hierzu wird in diesem Beitrag ein Konzept zur mechanischen Demontage von Batteriezellen als Grundstein für ein direktes Recycling vorgestellt. The goals of the transportation revolution are leading to a steadily increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries. To prevent the valuable raw materials in these batteries from ending up as waste as soon as the batteries‘ life cycle ends in a few years and to ensure that these materials continue to be used, effective recycling in the sense of a circular economy is necessary. To this end, this paper presents an appraoch for mechanically disassembling battery cells as a cornerstone for direct recycling.
2
Hao, Shuai. "Studies on the Performance of Two Dimensional AlSi as the Anodes of Li Ion Battery." Solid State Phenomena 324 (September 20, 2021): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.324.109.
Анотація:
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been rapidly developed and they provided a wide application on the anode of the batteries, reducing the adverse effect of traditional ion batteries including low capacity, short cycle life, low charging rate and poor safety mainly coming from the use of graphite anode. The current report investigates the anode performances of AlSi, a new 2D material exfoliated from NaAlSi, for Li ion batterys (LIBs) through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and gives quantitative discussions on the Li ion valences, binding energies and open-circuit voltages of 2D AlSi anode. The results indicate that 2D AlSi performs great as a novel anode due to the moderate adhesion to Li and low barrier for ion diffusion. Furthermore, our research results illustrate a broad application prospect on the new anode inventions as well as reducing useless consumption on the batteries by the practice of AlSi anode.
3
Yuan, Yuan. "Comparative Studies on Monolayer and Bilayer Phosphorous as the Anodes of Li Ion Battery." Key Engineering Materials 896 (August 10, 2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.896.61.
Анотація:
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) material developed rapidly and provided a wide application on the anode of the batteries, reducing the adverse effect of traditional ion batteries such as low capacity, short cycle life, slow charging and poor safety mainly coming from the use of graphite anode. The current report investigates the anode performances of phosphorus, a new 2D material in electrochemistry field, with monolayer and bilayer structure for Li ion batterys (LIBs) through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and gives a comparison on the Li ion valences, binding energies and open-circuit voltages between the two structures. The results indicate that bilayer phosphorus perform better as a novel anode due to the stronger adhesion to Li and lower barrier for ion diffusion. Furthermore, our research results illustrate a broad application prospect on the new anode inventions as well as reducing useless consumption on the batteries by the practice of bilayer phosphorus anode.
4
Chen, Chun Ming, Hung Wei Hsieh, Yu Lin Juan, Tsair Rong Chen, and Peng Lai Chen. "Automatic Battery Testing Platform for Series-Connected Lead Acid Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.220.
Анотація:
In this paper, an automatic testing platform was developed. A complete charging and discharging cycle for the series-connected lead-acid batteries is carried out by the testing platform to record the capacity, charging efficiency, and other relative data of the batteries. A microcontroller unit (MCU) is used to replace the common DAQ card for cost reduction. The voltage and current of the batteries are sampled by the MCU and saved by the software LabVIEW on the personal computer. The charging and discharging procedures are automatically switched by the software LabVIEW according to the state of the batteries. A complete testing data can be provided by the LabVIEW at the end of the testing cycle. New and old battery modules are both tested with the proposed platform and another reliable testing system to evaluate the validity of the proposed system.
5
Rakhimov, Ergashali, Diyorbek Khoshimov, Shuxrat Sultonov, Fozilbek Jamoldinov, Abdumannob Imyaminov, and Bahrom Omonov. "Battery technologies: exploring different types of batteries for energy storage." BIO Web of Conferences 84 (2024): 05034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248405034.
Анотація:
Battery technologies play a crucial role in energy storage for a wide range of applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. This comprehensive article examines and compares various types of batteries used for energy storage, such as lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, flow batteries, and sodium-ion batteries. Detailed discussions on their characteristics, advantages, limitations, recent advancements, and key performance metrics provide valuable insights into the selection and implementation of these battery technologies for diverse energy storage needs. The article also includes a comparative analysis with concrete numbers and tables, showcasing energy density, cycle life, self-discharge rates, temperature sensitivity, and cost. By exploring the latest literature and research in battery technologies, this article aims to provide stakeholders with up-to-date information for making informed decisions regarding the adoption of battery technologies in energy storage systems.
6
Ye, Hualin, Lu Ma, Yu Zhou, Lu Wang, Na Han, Feipeng Zhao, Jun Deng, Tianpin Wu, Yanguang Li, and Jun Lu. "Amorphous MoS3 as the sulfur-equivalent cathode material for room-temperature Li–S and Na–S batteries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 50 (November 27, 2017): 13091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711917114.
Анотація:
Many problems associated with Li–S and Na–S batteries essentially root in the generation of their soluble polysulfide intermediates. While conventional wisdom mainly focuses on trapping polysulfides at the cathode using various functional materials, few strategies are available at present to fully resolve or circumvent this long-standing issue. In this study, we propose the concept of sulfur-equivalent cathode materials, and demonstrate the great potential of amorphous MoS3 as such a material for room-temperature Li–S and Na–S batteries. In Li–S batteries, MoS3 exhibits sulfur-like behavior with large reversible specific capacity, excellent cycle life, and the possibility to achieve high areal capacity. Most remarkably, it is also fully cyclable in the carbonate electrolyte under a relatively high temperature of 55 °C. MoS3 can also be used as the cathode material of even more challenging Na–S batteries to enable decent capacity and good cycle life. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments are carried out to track the structural evolution of MoS3. It largely preserves its chain-like structure during repetitive battery cycling without generating any free polysulfide intermediates.
7
Liu, Yongtao, Chunmei Zhang, Zhuo Hao, Xu Cai, Chuanpan Liu, Jianzhang Zhang, Shu Wang, and Yisong Chen. "Study on the Life Cycle Assessment of Automotive Power Batteries Considering Multi-Cycle Utilization." Energies 16, no. 19 (September 28, 2023): 6859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16196859.
Анотація:
This article utilizes the research method of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to scrutinize Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries and Ternary Lithium (NCM) batteries. It develops life cycle models representing the material, energy, and emission flows for power batteries, exploring the environmental impact and energy efficiency throughout the life cycles of these batteries. The life cycle assessment results of different power battery recycling process scenarios are compared and analyzed. This study focuses on retired LFP batteries to assess the environmental and energy efficiency during the cascade utilization stage, based on a 50% Single-Cell Conversion Rate (CCR). The findings of the research reveal that, in terms of resource depletion and environmental emission potential, LFP batteries exhibit lower impacts compared to NCM batteries. The use of hydrometallurgy in recovering LFP power batteries leads to minimal life cycle resource consumption and environmental emission potential. During the cascade utilization stage of LFP batteries, significant benefits are noted, including a 76% reduction in mineral resource depletion (ADP e) and an 83% reduction in fossil energy depletion (ADP f), alongside notable reductions in various environmental impact factors. Simultaneously, considering the sensitivity of life cycle assessment indicators and their benefit percentages to different CCRs, it is observed that ODP exhibits the highest sensitivity to CCR changes, while evaluation indicators such as HTP, AP, and GWP show relatively lower sensitivity. This study can provide an effective reference for the establishment of an energy saving and emission reduction evaluation system of power batteries.
8
Deb, A. "Battered Woman Syndrome: Prospect of Situating It Within Criminal Law in India." BRICS Law Journal 8, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 103–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2021-8-4-103-135.
Анотація:
In patriarchal cultures, like the one prevalent in India, rigid, polarised and hierarchical gender roles work to establish a strong normative relationship between gender and the treatment of offenders committing violent crimes such as homicide. While most of the common law countries have already undergone a social change towards making their criminal laws more gender-sensitive by accommodating the experiences of battered women, the situation in India is quite different. Indian courts have recognised Battered Woman Syndrome very recently in only three cases, much differently than courts in other jurisdictions. While in other countries, Battered Woman Syndrome has been adduced by the advocates of battered women to support defence pleas, Indian Courts have resorted to it only to explain the effects of a battering relationship. The fact that Battered Woman Syndrome has only been recognised in such a small number of cases and the lack of scholarship in this particular area clearly resonates the resistance of the Indian criminal law towards women’s accounts of their experiences. Drawing on the example of the three cases, the author makes an attempt to put forth feminist legal arguments and offer a fresh perspective on the possibility of using Battered Woman Syndrome as a defence to address the concerns of battered women who end the cycle of violence by ending the lives of the abuser in a “kill or be killed” situation. Since Battered Woman Syndrome as a subject has been extensively researched in other common law countries, the present study limits itself to the Indian jurisdiction only. This paper also challenges the effectiveness of the existing defences under the Indian Penal Code, 1860 in accommodating the cases of battered women, and highlights the need for the introduction of a new justificatory defence as a plausible solution.
9
Hu, Hai-Yan, Ning Xie, Chen Wang, Fan Wu, Ming Pan, Hua-Fei Li, Ping Wu, et al. "Enhancing the Performance of Motive Power Lead-Acid Batteries by High Surface Area Carbon Black Additives." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010186.
Анотація:
The effects of carbon black specific surface area and morphology were investigated by characterizing four different carbon black additives and then evaluating the effect of adding them to the negative electrode of valve-regulated lead–acid batteries for electric bikes. Low-temperature performance, larger current discharge performance, charge acceptance, cycle life and water loss of the batteries with carbon black were studied. The results show that the addition of high-performance carbon black to the negative plate of lead–acid batteries has an important effect on the cycle performance at 100% depth-of-discharge conditions and the cycle life is 86.9% longer than that of the control batteries. The excellent performance of the batteries can be attributed to the high surface area carbon black effectively inhibiting the sulfation of the negative plate surface and improving the charge acceptance of the batteries.
10
Zhang, Kai, Jianxiang Yin, and Yunze He. "Acoustic Emission Detection and Analysis Method for Health Status of Lithium Ion Batteries." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030712.
Анотація:
The health detection of lithium ion batteries plays an important role in improving the safety and reliability of lithium ion batteries. When lithium ion batteries are in operation, the generation of bubbles, the expansion of electrodes, and the formation of electrode cracks will produce stress waves, which can be collected and analyzed by acoustic emission technology. By building an acoustic emission measurement platform of lithium ion batteries and setting up a cycle experiment of lithium ion batteries, the stress wave signals of lithium ion batteries were analyzed, and two kinds of stress wave signals which could characterize the health of lithium ion batteries were obtained: a continuous acoustic emission signal and a pulse type acoustic emission signal. The experimental results showed that during the discharge process, the amplitude of the continuous acoustic emission signal decreased with the increase of the cycle times of batteries, which could be used to characterize performance degradation; there were more pulse type acoustic emission signals in the first cycle of batteries, less in the small number of cycles, and slowly increased in the large number of cycles, which was in line with the bathtub curve and could be used for aging monitoring. The research on the health of lithium ion batteries by acoustic emission technology provides a new idea and method for detecting the health lithium ion batteries.
11
Shi, Qiuwei, Yiren Zhong, Min Wu, Hongzhi Wang, and Hailiang Wang. "High-capacity rechargeable batteries based on deeply cyclable lithium metal anodes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 22 (May 14, 2018): 5676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803634115.
Анотація:
Discovering new chemistry and materials to enable rechargeable batteries with higher capacity and energy density is of paramount importance. While Li metal is the ultimate choice of a battery anode, its low efficiency is still yet to be overcome. Many strategies have been developed to improve the reversibility and cycle life of Li metal electrodes. However, almost all of the results are limited to shallow cycling conditions (e.g., 1 mAh cm−2) and thus inefficient utilization (<1%). Here we achieve Li metal electrodes that can be deeply cycled at high capacities of 10 and 20 mAh cm−2 with average Coulombic efficiency >98% in a commercial LiPF6/carbonate electrolyte. The high performance is enabled by slow release of LiNO3 into the electrolyte and its subsequent decomposition to form a Li3N and lithium oxynitrides (LiNxOy)-containing protective layer which renders reversible, dendrite-free, and highly dense Li metal deposition. Using the developed Li metal electrodes, we construct a Li-MoS3 full cell with the anode and cathode materials in a close-to-stoichiometric amount ratio. In terms of both capacity and energy, normalized to either the electrode area or the total mass of the electrode materials, our cell significantly outperforms other laboratory-scale battery cells as well as the state-of-the-art Li ion batteries on the market.
12
Brañas, Christian, Juan C. Viera, Francisco J. Azcondo, Rosario Casanueva, Manuela Gonzalez, and Francisco J. Díaz. "Battery Charger Based on a Resonant Converter for High-Power LiFePO4 Batteries." Electronics 10, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030266.
Анотація:
A new battery charger, based on a multiphase resonant converter, for a high-capacity 48 V LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery is presented. LiFePO4 batteries are among the most widely used today and offer high energy efficiency, high safety performance, very good temperature behavior, and a long cycle life. An accurate control of the charging current is necessary to preserve the battery health. The design of the charger is presented in a tight correlation with a battery model based on experimental data obtained at the laboratory. With the aim of reducing conduction losses, the general analysis of the inverter stage obtained from the parallel connection of N class D LCpCs resonant inverters is carried out. The study provides criteria for proper selection of the transistors and diodes as well as the value of the DC-link voltage. The effect of the leakage inductance of the transformer on the resonant circuit is also evaluated, and a design solution to cancel it is proposed. The output stage is based on a multi-winding current-doubler rectifier. The converter is designed to operate in open-loop operation as an input voltage-dependent current source, but in closed-loop operation, it behaves as a voltage source with an inherent maximum output current limitation, which provides high reliability throughout the whole charging process. The curve of efficiency of the proposed charger exhibits a wide flat zone that includes light load conditions.
13
Mark Stevenson Kalyana, James. "Enhancing the Life Cycle Performance of Gel Lead Acid Batteries Various Temperature Curing Algorithms on the Positive Plate." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 4 (April 5, 2024): 740–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24405145718.
14
Zhu, Chun Liu, Can Tao, Jun Jie Bao, Yi Ping Huang, and Ge Wen Xu. "Waterborne Polyurethane Used as Binders for Lithium-Ion Battery with Improved Electrochemical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 1090 (February 2015): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.199.
Анотація:
LiFePO4based Lithium-ion batteries are prepared by nonionic waterborne polyurethane with different soft segments which act as binder. FTIR is used to characterize the structure of waterborne polyurethanes .The emulsion viscosity, mechanical properties of films are measured. The result shows that, the emulsion viscosity and tensile strength of polyurethane based polyether glycol are smaller than polyurethane based polyester. Charge-discharge, cycle performance and AC impedance spectroscopy measurement indicat that the first charge-discharge efficiency is 92%, the biggest discharge capacity is 115 mAh/g for lithium-ion batteries based on waterborne polyurethane as adhesive which equaled to PVDF, the batteries have a good cycle performance and high cycle efficiency and the impedance of batteries are small than PVDF.
15
Tian, Congyuan. "Application of metal-based nanomaterials in lithium batteries." Applied and Computational Engineering 59, no. 1 (May 7, 2024): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/59/20240742.
Анотація:
Due to the current lithium-ion battery performance there are still many deficiencies, battery performance needs to be improved, so people through the synthesis of metal-based nanomaterials, and its application in lithium batteries to improve the electrochemical performance of batteries. This paper summarizes the application of some metal nanomaterials in lithium batteries, such as silver, platinum and gold. These metal nanomaterials can not only be used in the positive electrode as a supported catalyst to solve the problems of low charge and discharge overpotential, insufficient battery capacity, and unstable cycle performance, but also can be used in the anode. Among them, TiO2 nanoparticles used in the anode can enhance lithium ion diffusion and charge transfer, which can provide higher battery capacity, rate performance and cycle stability for lithium batteries. Lithium batteries are expected to become a new generation of all-round use of energy in the future, not only because it is significantly less than the traditional fuel cell pollution to the environment, lithium batteries also have a higher performance limit than fuel cells, so how to improve the capacity of the existing lithium batteries, cycle stability and other performance is the direction that people need to study.
16
Zhang, Qiankui, Si Liu, Zeheng Lin, Kang Wang, Min Chen, Kang Xu, and Weishan Li. "Highly safe and cyclable Li-metal batteries with vinylethylene carbonate electrolyte." Nano Energy 74 (August 2020): 104860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104860.
17
Braun, Paul V. "(Invited) Electrodeposition of Dense Lithium and Sodium Battery Cathodes for Solid-State Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 23 (July 7, 2022): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01231191mtgabs.
Анотація:
Conventional Li-ion batteries are formed using slurry-cast electrodes whose random nature and porosity limits both energy density and rate performance. Slurry-cast electrodes also are generally incompatible with solid-state batteries unless the slurry contains solid electrolyte particles in addition to active material. While such composite electrodes, consisting of a mixture of active material, solid electrolyte, and potentially conductive additives are under active investigation, such designs exhibit power and energy limitations due to the tortuosity of the ion and electron conduction pathways. I will present our work on the molten salt electrodeposition of thick and nearly dense Na and Li-based cathodes on metallic current collectors, including cathodes based on LiCoO2, NaCoO2, LiMn2O4, and Al-doped LiCoO2 which overcomes some of these challenges. The capacities are near-theoretical, and the crystallinities and electrochemical performance are comparable, or in some cases, even better than powders synthesized at much higher temperatures. A very attractive element of the electrodeposition process is control of the crystallographic orientation of the deposited film. For example, the crystallography can be oriented such that the fast electron and ion conduction directions are perpendicular to the substrate. Finally, I will discuss solid-state batteries built these electrodes and how the crystallography of the electrode | solid-electrolyte interface impacts interfacial reactions, rate performance, and cycle life.
18
Yao, Masaru, Hikaru Sano, and Hisanori Ando. "Recycling Compatible Organic Electrode Materials Containing Amide Bonds for Use in Rechargeable Batteries." Polymers 15, no. 22 (November 13, 2023): 4395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15224395.
Анотація:
Organic rechargeable batteries that do not use any scarce heavy metals are candidates for the next generation of rechargeable batteries; although, it is not easy to realize both high capacity and long cycle life. Organic compounds linked by amide bonds are expected to have superior recycling properties after battery degradation, since they will become a single monomer upon hydrolysis. In this study, anthraquinone was chosen as a model redox active unit, and dimeric and trimeric compounds were synthesized, their cycle performances as electrode materials for use in rechargeable batteries were compared, and a trend in which oligomerization improves cycle properties was confirmed. Furthermore, quantum chemistry calculations suggest that oligomerization decreases solubility, which would support a longer life for oligomerized compounds. This methodology will lead to the development of organic rechargeable batteries with further environmental benefits.
19
Meegoda, Jay, Ghadi Charbel, and Daniel Watts. "Sustainable Management of Rechargeable Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles." Batteries 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2024): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10050167.
Анотація:
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) quantifies the environmental impacts during the life of a product from cradle to grave. It evaluates energy use, material flow, and emissions at each stage of life. This report addresses the challenges and potential solutions related to the surge in electric vehicle (EV) batteries in the United States amidst the EV market’s exponential growth. It focuses on the environmental and economic implications of disposal as well as the recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). With millions of EVs sold in the past decade, this research highlights the necessity of efficient recycling methods to mitigate environmental damage from battery production and disposal. Utilizing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA), this research compares emissions and costs between new and recycled batteries by employing software tools such as SimaPro V7 and GREET V2. The findings indicate that recycling batteries produces a significantly lower environmental impact than manufacturing new units from new materials and is economically viable as well. This research also emphasizes the importance of preparing for the upcoming influx of used EV batteries and provides suggestions for future research to optimize the disposal and recycling of EV batteries.
20
Zhang, Jiarui. "Research Progress of Thin Film Structures of All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 83 (February 27, 2024): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/g2mbv453.
Анотація:
The need for portable power sources has increased quickly with the advent of the electronic information era. Due to the significant benefits of lithium-ion batteries' high voltage, high capacity, and extended cycle life, these batteries have a wide range of potential applications in a variety of industries, including portable electronic gadgets, electric vehicles, and space technology. Lithium-ion batteries may cause safety issues such as thermal runaway under harsh conditions. By employing solid electrolytes in the thin layer of all-solid-state lithium batteries (TFLIBs) instead of organic liquid electrolytes, the safety issues with current commercial lithium-ion batteries may be effectively remedied. They outperform bulk solid-state lithium batteries, which has made the industry pay close attention to them. Because they directly affect the charge-discharge rate, cycle life, self-discharge, safety, and high and low-temperature performance of thin film batteries, electrolyte thin films play a crucial role in TFLIBs. This paper reviews three innovative thin film structures, their different benefits and drawbacks, the most current research on them, and projections for their future development to serve as a reference for future research on lithium-ion batteries.
21
Wang, Jiaxuan, and Feng Hao. "Experimental Investigations on the Chemo-Mechanical Coupling in Solid-State Batteries and Electrode Materials." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031180.
Анотація:
Increasing attention has been paid to the safety and efficiency of batteries due to the rapid development and widespread use of electric vehicles. Solid-state batteries have the advantages of good safety, high energy density, and strong cycle performance, and are recognized as the next generation of power batteries. However, solid-state batteries generate large stress changes due to the volume change of electrode materials during cycling, resulting in pulverization and exfoliation of active materials, fracture of solid-electrolyte interface films, and development of internal cracks in solid electrolytes. As a consequence, the cycle performance of the battery is degraded, or even a short circuit can occur. Therefore, it is important to study the stress changes of solid-state batteries or electrode materials during cycling. This review presents a current overview of chemo-mechanical characterization techniques applied to solid-state batteries and experimental setups. Moreover, some methods to improve the mechanical properties by changing the composition or structure of the electrode materials are also summarized. This review aims to highlight the impact of the stress generated inside solid-state batteries and summarizes a part of the research methods used to study the stress of solid-state batteries, which help improve the design level of solid-state batteries, thereby improving battery performance and safety.
22
Makogon, Helen, Elya Slavutskyi, Mykyta Churbanov, Oleh Logvinenko, Viktoriia Iksarytsa, and Olena Anenkova. "DYNAMIC MONITORING OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF STARTER BATTERIES IN THE PROCESS OF THEIR LIFE CYCLE ACCORDING TO BATTERY CARE AND BATTERY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES." Системи управління, навігації та зв’язку. Збірник наукових праць 4, no. 66 (December 1, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/sunz.2021.4.027.
Анотація:
The subject matter of the article is the lead-acid batteries carrier and management. The goal of the study is to develop a methodology for the technical condition monitoring of starter batteries in the process of their life cycle based on the use of modern information technology. The tasks to be solved are: to carry out a comparative analysis of Battery Care and Battery Management procedures and to determine the technical condition of starter batteries used on native wheeled and tracked vehicles, and to determine the key characteristics of battery monitoring during their life cycle; to determine the method of GB diagnostics for the implementation of dynamic monitoring of its technical condition during the life cycle in accordance with the procedures for battery care and management; to determine the general view of the functional diagram of the battery tracker ‒ a software and hardware device capable of caring for the battery and managing it; to provide suggestions for improving the efficiency of battery maintenance using battery trackers. General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge are used. The following results are obtained. The suggested methodology makes it easy to determine, by comparing the data obtained at different times, in which batteries the degradation has just begun, and in which they have reached the level at which they need to be replaced without a fatal malfunction. Monitoring of the technical condition of the batteries using battery trackers implement the procedure for care and management of batteries, makes it possible to optimize the 12ST-85P battery maintenance schedule and come from the scheduled-interval maintenance system to the maintenance with parameter control. Conclusions. The development of battery trackers, hardware and software applications capable of battery care and battery management, can be seen as a promising area for the development of battery management. Proper care of the battery and charging equipment, proper operation and timely monitoring of the battery’s lifetime are the most important factors in its operation. Only in this case, it is possible to achieve the best economic efficiency of the GB use and prolong their lifetime. Battery Care and Battery Management by the means of a GB-tracker allows to optimize the maintenance schedule of the 12ST-85P batteries and to come from a planned preventive maintenance system to a parameter-controlled maintenance system. In this way it is possible to increase the period and reduce the number of operations to be carried out during the maintenance of the GB.
23
Mackereth, Matthew, Rong Kou, and Sohail Anwar. "Zinc-Ion Battery Research and Development: A Brief Overview." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 8, no. 5 (October 20, 2023): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.5.2983.
Анотація:
With the advancement in the technology of lithium-ion batteries, the popularity and awareness of rechargeable, durable, long-lasting, and lightweight ion batteries have been in the public eye for a while now. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) is not the only type of ion battery out there. Zinc-ion (Zn-ion) batteries are a heavier, but safer, cheaper, and environmentally friendly form of this battery technology that has uses when portability is not the primary objective. One such use case is large format energy storage for intermittent renewable energy such as solar and wind fields for when the sun is no longer shining, or the wind blowing. One of the disadvantages of Zn-ion batteries is that the current battery life needs to be increased to stand a chance against Li-ion batteries in terms of consumer demands. This paper describes the effect of electrode structures and charging/discharging rates on battery cycle life in coin cells. The symmetric cell study shows that higher charging/discharging rates decrease the battery's cycle life, and the polymer-coated Zn anodes improve the battery's cycle life. It is also noted that maintaining good contact with all the major components in batteries is crucial for batteries to work properly. The battery-making process carried out in the lab and the important details of battery manufacturing are described in this manuscript.
24
Shrivastava, Hritvik. "Viable Alternatives to Lithium-Based Batteries." Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, no. 05 (May 12, 2023): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2023.v11i05.001.
Анотація:
Developing sustainable and environmentally friendly energy storage technologies for electric vehicles has become increasingly important with the growing demand for electric vehicles and increasing climate concerns. Lithium-ion batteries have been the primary energy storage technology used in electric vehicles due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low cost compared to other options. However, safety concerns related to the flammability of liquid electrolytes have motivated research on alternative energy storage technologies, mainly Sodium-ion and solid-state batteries. This paper reviews the status of sodium-ion and solid-state batteries as viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. Sodium-ion batteries have shown promising results regarding energy density, safety, and cost but face challenges related to their lower specific energy and power density. Solid-state batteries have the potential to overcome many of the safety concerns associated with liquid electrolytes and exhibit high energy density but are currently limited by their high cost and low cycle life.
25
Wang, Chunsheng. "(Invited) Electrolyte Design for Li-Ion and Li Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 57 (December 22, 2023): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02572741mtgabs.
Анотація:
The energy density, safety, and cycle life of batteries are critical for electric vehicles (EV), electric aviation, and renewable energy storage. However, current Li-ion batteries still cannot simultaneously meet all the requirements for these applications. We developed non-flammable fluorinated organic electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, and solid-state electrolytes to form nano-scaled solid electrolyte interphase, which enhanced the energy density, safety, and cycle life of Li batteries. The electrolyte design principle for high-capacity anodes and high-voltage cathodes will be discussed.
26
Wang, Xue, Chunbin Gao, and Meng Sun. "Probabilistic Prediction Algorithm for Cycle Life of Energy Storage in Lithium Battery." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10010007.
Анотація:
Lithium batteries are widely used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power stations, as well as power tools, military equipment, aerospace and other fields. The traditional fusion prediction algorithm for the cycle life of energy storage in lithium batteries combines the correlation vector machine, particle filter and autoregressive model to predict the cycle life of lithium batteries, which are subjected to many uncertainties in the prediction process and to inaccurate prediction results. In this paper, a probabilistic prediction algorithm for the cycle life of energy storage in lithium batteries is proposed. The LS-SVR prediction model was trained by a Bayesian three-layer reasoning. In the iterative prediction phase, the Monte Carlo method was used to express and manage the uncertainty and its transitivity in a multistep prediction and to predict the future trend of a lithium battery’s health status. Based on the given failure threshold, the probability distribution of the residual life was obtained by counting the number of particles passing through the threshold. The wavelet neural network was used to study the sample data of lithium batteries, and the mapping relationship between the probability distribution of the residual life of lithium batteries and the unknown values were established. According to this mapping relation and the probability distribution of the residual life of lithium batteries, the health data could be deduced and then iterated into the input of the wavelet neural network. In this way, the predicted degradation curve and the cycle life of lithium batteries could be obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good adaptability and high prediction efficiency and accuracy, with the mean error of 0.17 and only 1.38 seconds by average required for prediction.
27
Temporelli, Andrea, Maria Leonor Carvalho, and Pierpaolo Girardi. "Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Batteries: An Overview of Recent Literature." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112864.
Анотація:
In electric and hybrid vehicles Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), batteries play a central role and are in the spotlight of scientific community and public opinion. Automotive batteries constitute, together with the powertrain, the main differences between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For this reason, many decision makers and researchers wondered whether energy and environmental impacts from batteries production, can exceed the benefits generated during the vehicle’s use phase. In this framework, the purpose of the present literature review is to understand how large and variable the main impacts are due to automotive batteries’ life cycle, with particular attention to climate change impacts, and to support researchers with some methodological suggestions in the field of automotive batteries’ LCA. The results show that there is high variability in environmental impact assessment; CO2eq emissions per kWh of battery capacity range from 50 to 313 g CO2eq/kWh. Nevertheless, either using the lower or upper bounds of this range, electric vehicles result less carbon-intensive in their life cycle than corresponding diesel or petrol vehicles.
28
Teng, Jen-Hao, Rong-Jhang Chen, Ping-Tse Lee, and Che-Wei Hsu. "Accurate and Efficient SOH Estimation for Retired Batteries." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031240.
Анотація:
There will be an increasing number of retired batteries in the foreseeable future. Retired batteries can reduce pollution and be used to construct a battery cycle ecosystem. To use retired batteries more efficiently, it is critical to be able to determine their State of Health (SOH) precisely and speedily. SOH can be estimated accurately through a comprehensive and inefficient charge-and-discharge procedure. However, the comprehensive charge and discharge is a time-consuming process and will make the SOH assessment for many retired batteries unrealistic. This paper proposes an accurate and efficient SOH Estimation (SOH-E) method using the actual data of retired batteries. A battery data acquisition system is designed to acquire retired batteries’ comprehensive discharge and charge data. The acquired discharge data are separated into various time interval-segregated sub-data. Then, the specially designed features for SOH-E are extracted from the sub-data. Neural Networks (NNs) are trained using these sub-data. The retired batteries’ SOH levels are then estimated after the NNs’ training. The experiments described herein use retired lead–acid batteries. The batteries’ rated voltage and capacity are 12 V and 90 Ah, respectively. Different feature value extractions and time intervals that might affect the SOH-E accuracy and are tested. The Backpropagation NN (BPNN) and Long-Short-Term-Memory NN (LSTMNN) are designed to estimate SOH in this paper. The experimental results indicate that SOH can be calculated in 30 min. The Root-Mean-Square Errors (RMSEs) are less than 3%. The proposed SOH-E can help decrease pollution, extend the life cycle of a retired battery, and establish a battery cycle ecosystem.
29
Zhang, Taiyang, Qian Shi, Xian’an Huang, and Chijian Zhang. "Safety Study Based on the Aging Mechanism of Retired Lithium Batteries." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2468, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2468/1/012011.
Анотація:
Abstract Aiming at the problem of battery aging and capacity change during the charging and discharging cycle of decommissioned ternary lithium batteries, it is proposed to study lithium batteries from two different perspectives: macro and micro. Select the appropriate external characteristic parameters to carry out a large number of charge and discharge cycle experiments with different magnifications for the decommissioned ternary lithium battery, and observe the capacity and internal resistance of the lithium battery from a macroscopic perspective. For the battery disassembly experiment, the angle analyzes the changes in the internal material of the battery. The results show that the experimental verification of decommissioned lithium batteries can accurately analyze the reasons affecting battery aging and capacity change, so as to reduce the safety hazards of cascade use of batteries and extend the service life of batteries to provide data guidance and suggestions.
30
Xu, Wanwan, Huiying Cao, Xingyu Lin, Fuchun Shu, Jialu Du, Junzhou Wang, and Junjie Tang. "Data-Driven Semi-Empirical Model Approximation Method for Capacity Degradation of Retired Lithium-Ion Battery Considering SOC Range." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2023): 11943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111943.
Анотація:
The rapid development of the electric vehicle industry produces large amounts of retired power lithium-ion batteries, thus resulting in the echelon utilization technology of such retired batteries becoming a research hotspot in the field of renewable energy. The relationship between the cycle times and capacity decline of retired batteries performs as a fundamental guideline to determine the echelon utilization. The cycle conditions can influence the characteristics of the degradation of battery capacity; especially neglection of the SOC ranges of batteries leads to a large error in estimating the capacity degradation. Practically, the limited cycle test data of the SOC ranges of the retired battery cannot support a model to comprehensively describe the characteristics of the capacity decline. In this background, based on the limited cycle test data of SOC ranges, this paper studies and establishes a capacity degradation model of retired batteries that considers the factors affecting the battery cycle more comprehensively. In detail, based on the data-driven method and combined with the empirical model of retired battery capacity degradation, three semi-empirical modeling methods of retired battery capacity degradation based on limited test data of SOC ranges are proposed. The feasibility and accuracy of these methods are verified through the experimental data of retired battery cycling, and the conclusions are drawn to illustrate their respective scenarios of applicability.
31
Zhang, Guanhua, Min Li, Zimu Ye, Tieren Chen, Jiawei Cao, Hongbo Yang, Chengbo Ma, et al. "Lithium Iron Phosphate and Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode for Power Batteries: Attenuation Mechanisms and Modification Strategies." Materials 16, no. 17 (August 23, 2023): 5769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175769.
Анотація:
In the past decade, in the context of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality era, the rapid development of new energy vehicles has led to higher requirements for the performance of strike forces such as battery cycle life, energy density, and cost. Lithium-ion batteries have gradually become mainstream in electric vehicle power batteries due to their excellent energy density, rate performance, and cycle life. At present, the most widely used cathode materials for power batteries are lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and LixNiyMnzCo1−y−zO2 cathodes (NCM). However, these materials exhibit bottlenecks that limit the improvement and promotion of power battery performance. In this review, the performance characteristics, cycle life attenuation mechanism (including structural damage, gas generation, and active lithium loss, etc.), and improvement methods (including surface coating and element-doping modification) of LFP and NCM batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development prospects of this field are proposed.
32
Yoon, Sung Gyu, Kyu Hyuck Lee, and Minkyu Kim. "Transition metal crosstalk in conventional graphite-based batteries and advanced silicon-based batteries." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 20 (November 14, 2022): 200503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116349.
Анотація:
Crosstalk is known to have a significant impact on the cell performance of batteries due to its effect on safety, cycle life, and calendar life. The mechanism and the effects of crosstalk have been investigated in graphite-based batteries. However, with the increasing demand for batteries with high energy densities, graphite anode is being gradually replaced by silicon-based anodes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand crosstalk in silicon-based batteries. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive review of crosstalk behavior in conventional graphite-based batteries and advanced silicon-based batteries. This paper discusses the mechanism of transition metal-ion crosstalk and its effect on graphite-based and silicon-based batteries.
33
Li, Aihua, Liqiang Xu, Chang Ming Li, and Yitai Qian. "Mesh-like LiZnBO3/C composites as a prominent stable anode for lithium ion rechargeable batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 15 (2016): 5489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta01624c.
Анотація:
A novel mesh-like LiZnBO3/C composite has been prepared and applied as an anode for lithium ion batteries with a combined intercalation–conversion–alloy lithium storage mechanism in the first cycle. The obtained LiZnBO3/C shows excellent cycle stability in both half and full batteries.
34
Wang, Di. "RESEARCH ON POLICIES OF POWER BATTERIES RECYCLE IN CHINA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE CYCLE." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 29, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.14855.
Анотація:
As fueled by the rapid advancement of novel energies-based vehicles in our nation since 2015, Chinese production and ownership of novel energies-based vehicles in China have been leaping forward. According to 4—8 years’ service life of power batteries, China ushered into the large-scale scrapping phase of power batteries in 2019, so the power batteries recycle system should be urgently constructed. Given the life cycle perspective, the characteristics of each stage of the power battery life cycle are analyzed in the present study. As revealed from the results, the upstream end of the power batteries recycle system in China is not yet perfect, the production capacity at the midstream end tends to be excess, and the downstream end is in the exploratory phase. Moreover, the present study analyzes the policies throughout the life cycle of power batteries, and it is reported that the recycling policies at the midstream processing end are relatively concentrated, the upstream and downstream policies are comparatively deficient, the top-level legal construction is lacked, the recycling network is not perfect, and the incentive and guidance policies for echelon exploitation enterprises require modification, and relevant policy suggestions are proposed.
35
Liu, Jun. "(Invited) Battery Challenges for Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022128mtgabs.
Анотація:
Batteries play a critical role in modern society. The electrification of transportation and deep decarbonization of the energy infrastructure require the development and deployment of high energy, low-cost battery materials and technologies, but energy storage and electric vehicles have very different requirements and challenges. For energy storage, the challenge is to reduce cost and achieve exceptionally long cycle life (>>10,000 deep charge/discharge cycles) in order to reduce the life cycle cost by three to five times to less than $0.03 kWh-1. Lithium iron phosphate and redox flow batteries remain the most attractive approaches. Fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanisms over very long cycling is the key to further improve the cycle life of such technologies. Sodium ion batteries are also attractive for energy storage, but the electrode and cell level performances are still behind of what can be achieved with lithium-ion batteries. For electric vehicle applications, lithium metal anodes provide the opportunity for next generation high energy and lost cost batteries. Despite great progresses made in the last few years, controlling system level reaction and failure mechanisms remain a large challenge.
36
Yang, Yang, Libo Lan, Zhuo Hao, Jianyou Zhao, Geng Luo, Pei Fu, and Yisong Chen. "Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 5321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155321.
Анотація:
The incentive policies of new energy vehicles substantially promoted the development of the electrical vehicles technology and industry in China. However, the environmental impact of the key technology parameters progress on the battery electrical vehicles (BEV) is uncertain, and the BEV matching different lithium-ion power batteries shows different environmental burdens. This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a BEV matching four different power batteries of lithium-ion phosphate (LFP), lithium-ion nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), and lithium titanate oxide (LTO) batteries. In addition, the 2025 and 2030 prediction analyses of the batteries production and life cycle BEV are conducted with the specially considered change and progress of the power battery energy density, battery manufacturing energy consumption, electricity structure, battery charge efficiency, and vehicle lightweight level. In addition, sensitivity analyses of power battery energy density, battery manufacturing energy consumption, electricity structure, and battery charge efficiency are conducted. The results show that the LFP battery is more environmentally friendly in the global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP), and the NCM battery is more environmentally friendly in abiotic depletion (fossil) (ADP(f)) and human toxicity potential (HTP). However, the LTO battery shows the highest environmental impact among the four environmental impact categories due to the lower energy density. For life cycle BEV, GWP and ADP(f) of BEV based on LFP, NCM, and LMO are lower than those of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), while AP and HTP of BEV based on the four batteries are higher than those of ICEV. The grave-to-cradle (GTC) phase of vehicle has substantial environmental benefit to reduce the human toxicity emission. With the improvement of the battery density, battery charge efficiency, electricity structure, and glider lightweight level, life cycle BEVs based on the four different batteries show substantial environmental benefits for four environmental impact categories.
37
Deivanayagam, Ramasubramonian, Meng Cheng, Mingchao Wang, Vallabh Vasudevan, Tara Foroozan, Nikhil V. Medhekar, and Reza Shahbazian-Yassar. "Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Highly Cyclable Room-Temperature Solid-State Magnesium Batteries." ACS Applied Energy Materials 2, no. 11 (October 22, 2019): 7980–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b01455.
38
Rojaee, Ramin, Salvatore Cavallo, Santosh Mogurampelly, Bill K. Wheatle, Vitaliy Yurkiv, Ramasubramonian Deivanayagam, Tara Foroozan, et al. "Highly‐Cyclable Room‐Temperature Phosphorene Polymer Electrolyte Composites for Li Metal Batteries." Advanced Functional Materials 30, no. 32 (June 8, 2020): 1910749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201910749.
39
Wang, Jiangyan, William Huang, Yong Seok Kim, You Kyeong Jeong, Sang Cheol Kim, Jeffrey Heo, Hiang Kwee Lee, Bofei Liu, Jaehou Nah, and Yi Cui. "Scalable synthesis of nanoporous silicon microparticles for highly cyclable lithium-ion batteries." Nano Research 13, no. 6 (April 7, 2020): 1558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2770-4.
40
LE, Phung M.-L., Yan Jin, Thanh D. Vo, Nhan Tran, Yaobin Xu, Biwei Xiao, Mark H. Engelhard, Chongmin Wang, and Ji-Guang Zhang. "(Invited) Achieving Stable Interfacial Reactions in Sodium Batteries through Electrolyte Engineering." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 5 (August 28, 2023): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015872mtgabs.
Анотація:
Cost and lithium supply issues supply are compelling reasons to consider sodium batteries as potential alternatives to the better-known lithium-ion analogs for large-scale applications, including vehicles. Sodium-ion batteries have been the most highly developed system, with some commercialized systems demonstrate practical energy levels exceeding those of Li-ion batteries with LiFePO4. Further improvement in energy densities requires the development of new high-performance electrode materials (cathode/anode) and compatible electrolytes to achieve milestones in cycle life. In this work, we report the electrolyte engineering basically focusing on the electrolyte formulation (salt/additive selection), solvation structure of the electrolyte, and tuning on SEI/CEI composition. Our strategies thus enable high energy density of Na-metal and Na-ion batteries with remarkable cycle life. The presented insights differ from a prevailing stabilizing interfacial reaction that can be achieved by tuning SEI/CEI composition and providing a guiding principle in electrolyte design for sodium batteries.
41
Dufo-López, Rodolfo, Tomás Cortés-Arcos, Jesús Sergio Artal-Sevil, and José L. Bernal-Agustín. "Comparison of Lead-Acid and Li-Ion Batteries Lifetime Prediction Models in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031099.
Анотація:
Several models for estimating the lifetimes of lead-acid and Li-ion (LiFePO4) batteries are analyzed and applied to a photovoltaic (PV)-battery standalone system. This kind of system usually includes a battery bank sized for 2.5 autonomy days or more. The results obtained by each model in different locations with very different average temperatures are compared. Two different locations have been considered: the Pyrenees mountains in Spain and Tindouf in Argelia. Classical battery aging models (equivalent full cycles model and rainflow cycle count model) generally used by researchers and software tools are not adequate as they overestimate the battery life in all cases. For OPzS lead-acid batteries, an advanced weighted Ah-throughput model is necessary to correctly estimate its lifetime, obtaining a battery life of roughly 12 years for the Pyrenees and around 5 years for the case Tindouf. For Li-ion batteries, both the cycle and calendar aging must be considered, obtaining more than 20 years of battery life estimation for the Pyrenees and 13 years for Tindouf. In the cases studied, the lifetime of LiFePO4 batteries is around two times the OPzS lifetime. As nowadays the cost of LiFePO4 batteries is around two times the OPzS ones, Li-ion batteries can be competitive with OPzS batteries in PV-battery standalone systems.
42
Divya D Shetty, Mohammad Zuber, Chethan K N, Laxmikant G, Irfan Anjum Badruddin Magami, and Chandrakant R Kini. "Advancements in Battery Thermal Management for High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review." CFD Letters 16, no. 9 (May 6, 2024): 14–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.9.1438.
Анотація:
Lithium-ion batteries are frequently utilized in electric vehicles because of their high energy density and prolonged cycle life. Maintaining the right temperature range is crucial since lithium-ion batteries' performance and lifespan are highly sensitive to temperature. This study discusses a practical battery heat control system in this setting. The phenomenon of heat generation and significant thermal problems with lithium-ion batteries are reviewed in this work. The studies on various battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are then thoroughly analysed and arranged into groups based on thermal cycle possibilities. Direct refrigerant two-phase cooling, second-loop liquid cooling, and cabin air cooling are all components of the BTMS. Phase change material cooling, heat pipe cooling, and thermoelectric element cooling are all future parts of the BTMS. The maximum temperature and maximum temperature differential of the batteries are examined for each BTMS, and a suitable BTMS that addresses the drawbacks of each system is discussed. Finally, a novel BTMS is suggested as a practical thermal management solution for lithium-ion batteries with high energy density.
43
Gupta, Aman, Ditipriya Bose, Sandeep Tiwari, Vikrant Sharma, and Jai Prakash. "Techno–economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India." Clean Energy 8, no. 3 (May 3, 2024): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkad094.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive techno–economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India. The technical comparison reveals that sodium-ion (Na-ion) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries outperform lead–acid batteries in various parameters, with Na-ion and Li-ion batteries exhibiting higher energy densities, higher power densities, longer cycle lives, faster charge rates, better compactness, lighter weight and lower self-discharge rates. In economic comparison, Na-ion batteries were found to be ~12–14% more expensive than Li-ion batteries. However, the longer lifespans and higher energy densities of Na-ion and Li-ion batteries can offset their higher costs through improved performance and long-term savings. Lead–acid batteries have the highest environmental impact, while Li-ion batteries demonstrate better environmental performance and potential for recycling. Na-ion batteries offer promising environmental advantages with their abundance, lower cost and lower toxic and hazardous material content. Efficient recycling processes can further enhance the environmental benefits of Na-ion batteries. Overall, this research examines the potential of Na-ion batteries as a cheaper alternative to Li-ion batteries, considering India’s abundant sodium resources in regions such as Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and others.
44
Chou, Shulei. "Challenges and Applications of Flexible Sodium Ion Batteries." Materials Lab 1 (2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54227/mlab.20210001.
Анотація:
Sodium-ion batteries are considered to be a future alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost and abundant resources. In recent years, the research of sodium-ion batteries in flexible energy storage systems has attracted widespread attention. However, most of the current research on flexible sodium ion batteries is mainly focused on the preparation of flexible electrode materials. In this paper, the challenges faced in the preparation of flexible electrode materials for sodium ion batteries and the evaluation of device flexibility is summarized. Several important parameters including cycle-calendar life, energy/power density, safety, flexible, biocompatibility and multifunctional intergration of current flexible sodium ion batteries will be described mainly from the application point of view. Finally, the promising current applications of flexible sodium ion batteries are summarized.
45
Wang, Shuping, Fei Gao, Hao Liu, Jiaqing Zhang, Maosong Fan, and Kai Yang. "Study on the influence of the thermal protection material on the heat dissipation of the battery pack for energy storage." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202045.
Анотація:
The thermal runaway chain reaction of batteries is an important cause of the battery energy storage system (BESS) accidents, and safety protection technology is the key technology to protect the BESS. Although the flame retardant thermal protection material can delay the thermal runaway chain reaction between batteries and reduce the heat conduction between batteries, it has a negative influence on the normal heat dissipation of batteries. In this paper, 12 series of batteries were assembled into the battery pack. The battery pack with closely arranged batteries, the battery pack with 3mm air gap between batteries and the battery pack with flame retardant thermal protection material between batteries were studied. The battery temperatures and temperature differences of these three types of battery packs were cyclically charged and discharged at rated power, and the effects of air gap and flame retardant thermal protection materials on the heat dissipation of batteries under charge/discharge cycle were analysed.
46
Mahmud, M., Nazmul Huda, Shahjadi Farjana, and Candace Lang. "Comparative Life Cycle Environmental Impact Analysis of Lithium-Ion (LiIo) and Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries." Batteries 5, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010022.
Анотація:
Batteries have been extensively used in many applications; however, very little is explored regarding the possible environmental impacts for their whole life cycle, even though a lot of studies have been carried out for augmenting performance in many ways. This research paper addresses the environmental effects of two different types of batteries, lithium-ion (LiIo) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, in terms of their chemical constituents. Life cycle impact analysis has been carried out by the CML, ReCiPe, EcoPoints 97, IPCC, and CED methods. The impacts are considered in categories such as global warming, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The results reveal that there is a significant environmental impact caused by nickel-metal hydride batteries in comparison with lithium-ion batteries. The reason behind these impacts is the relatively large amount of toxic chemical elements which are present as constituents of NiMH batteries. It can be anticipated that a better environmental performance can be achieved through optimization, especially by cautiously picking the constituents, taking into account the toxicity aspects, and by minimizing the impacts related to these chemicals.
47
Kavaliauskas, Žydrūnas, Igor Šajev, Giedrius Blažiūnas, and Giedrius Gecevičius. "Electronic Life Cycle Monitoring System for Various Types of Lead Acid Batteries." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 10, 2023): 4746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084746.
Анотація:
With the development of renewable sources of electricity, more and more attention is paid to electricity storage systems and their research. In order to make the research process of various types of batteries automatic, an automatic system for monitoring of the working characteristics and parameters of batteries was created. System management is based on the ATmega328 series microcontrollers. The system control program code and computer application were created using programming languages C and Delphi. The developed system is able to support the automated process of battery testing and to inform the operator about the deviations that have occurred by offering solutions. After the development of this system, a study of the charging and degradation process of four types of batteries was carried out. Four types of lead-based batteries (non-deep cycle battery, deep-cycle battery, GEL battery and AGM battery) were used for the research. Research has shown that GEL-type batteries have the highest number of life cycles, with the number of cycles reaching up to 750. This type of batteries is best suited for storing electricity obtained using renewable energy sources.
48
Chattopadhyay, Jayeeta, Tara Sankar Pathak, and Diogo M. F. Santos. "Applications of Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review." Polymers 15, no. 19 (September 27, 2023): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15193907.
Анотація:
Polymer electrolytes, a type of electrolyte used in lithium-ion batteries, combine polymers and ionic salts. Their integration into lithium-ion batteries has resulted in significant advancements in battery technology, including improved safety, increased capacity, and longer cycle life. This review summarizes the mechanisms governing ion transport mechanism, fundamental characteristics, and preparation methods of different types of polymer electrolytes, including solid polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes. Furthermore, this work explores recent advancements in non-aqueous Li-based battery systems, where polymer electrolytes lead to inherent performance improvements. These battery systems encompass Li-ion polymer batteries, Li-ion solid-state batteries, Li-air batteries, Li-metal batteries, and Li-sulfur batteries. Notably, the advantages of polymer electrolytes extend beyond enhancing safety. This review also highlights the remaining challenges and provides future perspectives, aiming to propose strategies for developing novel polymer electrolytes for high-performance Li-based batteries.
49
Cheng, Danpeng, Wuxin Sha, Linna Wang, Shun Tang, Aijun Ma, Yongwei Chen, Huawei Wang, Ping Lou, Songfeng Lu, and Yuan-Cheng Cao. "Solid-State Lithium Battery Cycle Life Prediction Using Machine Learning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 4671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104671.
Анотація:
Battery lifetime prediction is a promising direction for the development of next-generation smart energy storage systems. However, complicated degradation mechanisms, different assembly processes, and various operation conditions of the batteries bring tremendous challenges to battery life prediction. In this work, charge/discharge data of 12 solid-state lithium polymer batteries were collected with cycle lives ranging from 71 to 213 cycles. The remaining useful life of these batteries was predicted by using a machine learning algorithm, called symbolic regression. After populations of breed, mutation, and evolution training, the test accuracy of the quantitative prediction of cycle life reached 87.9%. This study shows the great prospect of a data-driven machine learning algorithm in the prediction of solid-state battery lifetimes, and it provides a new approach for the batch classification, echelon utilization, and recycling of batteries.
50
Cha, Seunghwan, Changhyeon Kim, Huihun Kim, Gyu-Bong Cho, Kwon-Koo Cho, Ho-Suk Ryu, Jou-Hyeon Ahn, Keun Yong Sohn, and Hyo-Jun Ahn. "Electrochemical Properties of Micro-Sized Bismuth Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3801.
Анотація:
Recently, sodium ion batteries have attracted considerable interest for large-scale electric energy storage as an alternative to lithium ion batteries. However, the development of anode materials with long cycle life, high rate, and high reversible capacity is necessary for the advancement of sodium ion batteries. Bi anode is a promising candidate for sodium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (385 mAh g–1 or 3800 mAh l–1) and high electrical conductivity (7.7 × 105 S m –1). Herein, we report the preparation of Bi anode using micro-sized commercial Bi particles. DME-based electrolyte was used, which is well known for its high ionic conductivity. The Bi anode showed excellent rate-capability up to 16 C-rate, and long cycle life stability with a high reversible capacity of 354 mAh g–1 at 16 C-rate for 50 cycles.