Статті в журналах: "Cutting machines Numerical control Programming"

1

She, Chen Hua, Jian Yu Lin, and Shen Yung Lin. "Numerical Control Programming System for Mill-Turn Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1154.

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To develop the numerical control program of mill-turn machine, the traditional method is to apply the computer-aided design and manufacture software to construct the geometric model, then to generate tool path and convert the path to NC program. For complex numerical control program of mill-turn machine, such as the multiple turret synchronized motion machining, because of the need to control time sequence, the NC program is highly required on using of dedicated software system. The objective of this paper is to establish a mill-turn machining system with window interface of via the language of Borland C++ Builder. The developed system can plan the machining path of simple mill-turn features, including turning shape, axial slot milling, and radial packet milling, and generate the corresponding NC program. For the milling functions, after the offset coordinates are calculated along the polygonal angle vector in the center point of cutters, the NC program is generated. For the turning functions, through importing the 2D DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) file and inputting related configurations, the entity coordinates can be retrieved and the corresponding NC program is then converted. By means of the solid cutting simulation software and practical cutting experiment for the generated numerical control program, the accuracy of the tool path generation algorithm is confirmed. Hence, the cost of purchasing commercial software can be saved and the time of generating program can also be decreased so that the working efficiency can be enhanced.

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2

Wang, Chao, Lin Nan Han, Yuan Yao, Qian Sheng Zhao, and Qing Xi Hu. "Research on Numerical Control Machining Simulation Based on Power Mill and VERICUT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2200–2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2200.

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To prevent the collision of tools and machine during the process of numerical control processing, reduce the number of cutting experiments and improve the production efficiency, it is a better way by using virtual simulation. This paper based on a mold cavity model of STL files, realized the numerical control programming based on Power Mill, researched the dynamic simulation process based on VERICUT, and at last verified the correctness and practicability of VERICUT simulation result by physical processing, which provided a reliable reference for physical machining.

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3

Chen, Wen Bing, Jin Chun Feng, and Song He Huang. "Research on New Machining Method that Cutting Arc Surfaces in SIEMENS840D System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.172.

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Analyzed the commonly used method that machined large diameter hole bottom transition arc surface, it’ advantages and shortcoming. Through an example, we introduced the method of using the R parameter programming of SIEMENS840D numerical control system when milling cut large diameter transition arc surfaces. This method's application has the positive significance to reduce the programming and other non-productive work time, guaranteed processing quality, raised the machining efficiency, so we introduce this method and hope it is helpful to machining of similar parts.

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4

Liu, Ri Liang, and Hai Guang Zhu. "A STEP Compliant Framework for Cutting Force Prediction for NC Turning Operations." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 1009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1009.

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With STEP-NC (ISO 14649) being gradually accepted as new standard for programming computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools, new technologies and computer systems in the design and manufacturing process chain are emerging, and conventional systems are reshaping, to support interoperable and intelligent manufacturing. This paper addresses issues and solutions for the adaptation. In the first place, a strategy for adapting legacy CNC turning machine tools to the emerging standard is presented. In the second place, the new data model is analyzed and a practical way to retrieve and extract manufacturing information from the STEP-NC part program for turning process is presented. In the third place a workable approach to calculating the cutting force and chip load in turning operations is presented based on the mechanistic modeling method. Finally the proposed approach is implemented in a prototype system and tested with an example STEP-NC program for turning, which shows not only the feasibility of the proposed approach for information extraction and process evaluation, but also the possibility of using simple transitional systems to bridge the gap between the sophisticated STEP-NC part program and conventional CNC machines.

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5

She, Chen Hua, Kai Sheng Li, and Yueh Hsun Tsai. "Development of Five-Axis Machine Tool Cutting Simulation System with Nonorthogonal Linear Axis." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1587.

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Five-axis machine tools with two additional rotational degrees of freedom provide more flexibility in tilting the tool axis to various orientations than conventional three-axis machine tools do, subsequently increasing the cutting efficiency and avoiding tool collision against a workpiece. Also, the risk of programming error can be avoided by simulating the five-axis Numerical Control (NC) code before real machining. This work presents a five-axis machine tool cutting simulation system with a nonorthogonal linear axis configuration. A window-based cutting system written by Borland C++ Builder and OpenGL is also developed based on the kinematics model of the proposed machine tool. Furthermore, implementing and verifying the five-axis NC code demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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6

Chen, Feng, Liang Yao Gu, Yue Yang, and Chun Yang Jia. "Design and Realization of Helical Rotor NC Automatic Programming System." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1469.

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Helical rotor is a core component of helical-lobe compressor. Analysis was made on the geometrical properties of tooth curves. Using standard spherical milling cutter on 4-axis NC machine, normal migration method was used to rotor surface processing. Based on the generation characteristics of helical rotor surface, object-oriented design method is used to achieve automatic programming system of helical rotor. The calculation of helical rotor end face profile lines and cutter location point are realized, and over cutting analysis is carried out to generate high efficient numerical control processing program.

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7

Omirou, Sotiris L., and Marios M. Fyrillas. "A General G-Code Algorithm for Deep Hole Drilling." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 15, no. 2 (May 15, 2015): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2014-0028.

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AbstractHole drilling is the most common machining operation performed on computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools or machining workshops. Drilling appears to be a relatively simple process however; when it involves drilling deep holes, it becomes one of the most complicated metal cutting processes. Although modern machine tool controllers are equipped with special drilling canned cycles, these cycles have significant constraints mainly due to their limited framework of application. The present work proposes a general G-code algorithm intended to accommodate effective deep hole drilling. The algorithm is characterized by flexibility in the pecking strategy and adaptability to the needs of each individual drilling case. The development of the proposed algorithm is based on parametric programming which is a powerful CNC programming technique.

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8

Liu, Kui, Pei Ling Liu, Hu Wu, and Kah Chuan Shaw. "Study on Tool-Path Generation for Ultra-Precision Machining of Optical Lens Array." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.595.

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In this study, a computer numerical control (CNC) programming software platform for ultra precision machining of optical surfaces was developed based on an MS Windows application framework and openGL. Using cylindrical coordinates, the tool path can be generated based on the polar angle, radius and a linear coordinate of the Z-axis, as well as cutting tool nose radius compensation. A 3D simulation based on tool path generation was developed for machining verification, which largely reduces the oscillation of the machine during the ultra precision machining process. Ultra precision machining of an optical lens array was carried out on a 5-axis ultra precision machining centre using a single crystalline diamond cutter. The experimental results indicated that the oscillation effect can be largely reduced using the cutting tool path using a super steady machining strategy. This software platform is designed as a framework, where the capability and functions can be expanded by adding in more freeform surface packages.

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9

Ye, Jing, and Zhi Ge Chen. "An Optimized Algorithm of Numerical Cutting-Path Control in Garment Manufacturing." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.454.

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The garment cutting is a key process during the garment production. Most companies apply the manual labor or simple mechanical aids to achieve the goals. While these methods cost much time and labor. More and more automatic cutting equipment is applied to the garment cutting so as to save time, labor and materials. During the process of cutting, some problems are coming up, especially the cutting path. The cutting path of the garment numerical control cutter is regarded as generalized travelling salesman problem (GTSP). The garment contours can be regarded as the set of cities, and the nodes of a single contour can be regarded as cities. The cutter visits every contour exactly once. A hybrid intelligence algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. The ant colony algorithm was applied to a selected cutting path arbitrarily, an optimal contour sequence was found. Then the garment contour sequences shortest path was transformed into multi-segment graph shortest problem which is solved with the dynamic programming algorithm in order to optimize the knifes in-out point. The final optimal cutting path was constructed with ant colony optimization algorithm and dynamic programming algorithm. The practical application shows that the hybrid intelligence algorithm has satisfactory solution quality.

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10

Cheluszka, Piotr, Piotr Sobota, and Grzegorz Głuszek. "Studies of behaviour of the automatic control system of roadheader cutting heads movement." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925209002.

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Boom–type roadheaders are basic machines used in underground mines for drilling roadways, in tunnelling and also for making underground buildings using trenchless methods. The article presents selected results of tests carried out in a semi–industrial scale, on a roadheader R–130, concerning behaviour of an innovative solution of system for automatic control of boom–type roadheader cutting heads’ movements. This important innovation, not known before in mining cutting machines, is the software control of cutting heads angular speed using a frequency converter. The text shows an impact of key values, from a perspective of an assumed control purpose, of programming device (setting system) parameters, achieving reference values for the actuators, on controlled facility behaviour when cutting a layered cement and sand block. The performance of the automatic control system without and with feedback to the setting system concerning an actual speed of cutting heads movement, which is important from the control system hardware perspective, was compared.

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11

Eladawi, A. E., E. S. Gadelmawla, I. M. Elewa, and A. A. Abdel-Shafy. "An application of computer vision for programming computer numerical control machines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503322420241.

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Generation of the part programs, or tool paths, for products to be manufactured by computer numerical control (CNC) machines is very important. Many methods have been used to produce part programs, ranging from manual calculations to computer aided design/ manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. This work introduces a new technique for generating the part programs of existing products using the latest technology of computer vision. The proposed vision system is applicable for two-dimensional vertical milling CNC machines and is calibrated to produce both metric and imperial dimensions. Two steps are used to generate the part program. In the first step, the vision system is used to capture an image for the product to be manufactured. In the second step, the image is processed and analysed by software specially written for this purpose. The software CNCVision is fully written (in lab) using Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0. It is ready to run on any Windows environment. The CNCVision software processes the captured images and applies computer vision techniques to extract the product dimensions, then generates a suitable part program. All required information for the part program is calculated automatically, such as G-codes, X and Y coordinates of start-points and end-points, radii of arcs and circles and direction of arcs (clockwise or counterclockwise). The generated part program can be displayed on screen, saved to a file or sent to MS Word or MS Excel. In addition, the engineering drawing of the product can be displayed on screen or sent to AutoCAD as a drawing file.

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12

Fatriyana, Maya. "CNC PROGRAM AND PROGRAMMING OF CNC MACHINE." Journal of Mechanical Science and Engineering 7, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jmse.v7i1.37.

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A programming to make parts are CNC Programming (Computer Numerical Control Programming) for machines. An NC program consists of a sequence of instructions that control the motion and automatic sequences of an NC Machine to perform a particular processing task. In a general sense, the term NC programming refers to the creation of control data for machining workpieces on NC and CNC machines. NC programming has a decisive influence on the cost-effectiveness and profitability of NC manufacturing. The selection of a programming system is mostly guided by the need for software that is suitable for the application at hand, readily available, and as universally applicable as possible.

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13

Sahin, Mehmet, Suleyman Yaldiz, Faruk Unsacar, Burak Yaldiz, Nikolaos Bilalis, Emmanuel Maravelakis, and Aristomenis Antoniadis. "Virtual Training Centre for Computer Numerical Control." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 3, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2008.2.2387.

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It is a fact that virtual training has been a scope of interest for vocational training for a very long time. However, it needs more time to be more common in all specific training fields. Focusing on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Training, new developments in the CNC machinery produce a continuous demand on enhancing the programming and technical capabilities of the involved personnel. Training on CNC should follow similar developments and in particular in their programming capabilities, automation they offer and their technical capabilities. Based on these main objectives a Virtual Training Center (VTC) for CNC has been developed and it is presented in this paper. The VTC is the main result of a multilateral Leonardo Da Vinci project witch aims to promote and reinforce Vocational Training in CNC Machines.

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14

Rasmussen, Troels A., and Timothy Merritt. "ProjecTables: Augmented CNC tools for sustainable creative practices." International Journal of Architectural Computing 16, no. 3 (September 2018): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077118792356.

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Computer numerical control (CNC) cutting machines have become essential tools for designers and architects enabling rapid prototyping, model building, and production of high-quality components. Designers often cut from new materials, discarding the irregularly shaped remains. We introduce ProjecTables, a visual augmented reality system for interactive packing of model parts onto sheet materials. ProjecTables enables designers to (re)use scrap materials for computer numerical control cutting that would have been previously thrown away, at the same time supporting esthetic choices related to wood grain, avoiding surface blemishes, and other relevant material properties. We conducted evaluations of ProjecTables with design students from Aarhus School of Architecture, demonstrating that participants could quickly and easily place and orient model parts reducing material waste. Contextual interviews and ideation sessions led to a deeper understanding of current work practices and sustainability issues with computer numerical control cutting machines and identified useful features for interactive packing to reduce waste while supporting esthetic concerns for exhibition quality design projects.

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15

Petrakov, Yuriy, Volodymyr Korenkov, and Artur Myhovych. "Technology for programming contour milling on a CNC machine." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 1 (116) (April 28, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.255389.

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This paper reports a new technology for designing control programs for contour milling on CNC machines. The technology enables stabilization of the cutting process along the entire contour at the optimal level by controlling the feed, which ensures an increase in productivity when meeting the requirements for restrictions. Moreover, the effectiveness of using the technology improves with an increase in the complexity of the contour by changing the curvature of the surface. A mathematical model has been built for the interaction between the cutter and workpiece in the cutting zone when machining contours with variable curvature, which makes it possible to determine the main characteristic of the cutting process – the rate of cutting the allowance. The technology involves the use of a control program in G codes designed in any CAM system. At the first stage, a shape-formation trajectory in the form of a two-dimensional digital array is derived from the program. At the second stage, the cutter workpiece engagement in the cutting area is modeled simulated while determining the main characteristic of the cutting process – an analog of the material removal rate. And at the final stage, the simulation results are used to design a new control program, also in G-codes, with a new recorded law to control the feed, which enables the stabilization of the cutting process along the entire milling path. The software for the new technology has been developed, which automatically converts the preset control program in G-codes into a two-dimensional digital array, simulates the milling process, and designs a new control program in G-codes based on its results. The results of the experimental study into the milling of the preset contour using the developed simulation program showed an increase in productivity by 1.7 times compared to the original control program, designed in a conventional CAM system

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16

Piquero Calleja, J. M., E. M. Rubio Alvir, and M. A. Sebastián. "Computer-Aided System for Teaching Machining with Numerical Control." Materials Science Forum 625 (August 2009): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.625.35.

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This paper presents SimUned-CN, software to learn the programming for Computer Numerical Control Machine Tools. This software is able to interpret any code of numerical control and simulates both lathes as milling machines. In addition, it has developed a help system for users less experts. Finally, the application takes up a small size, requires few resources and is able to run on most computers.

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17

Feng, Xiao, Hao Hu, Fan Rang Kong, Shi Qiu, and Ye Sun. "Research on the PID Control Strategy in BP Neural Network of Terrain Detector-Milling Cutting Depth System." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1573.

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Targeting at the nonlinear, time-varying characteristics of terrain detector-milling cutting depth electro-hydraulic servo system in soil milling collection machines, this paper proposed the PID control menthod in BP neural network of terrain detector - milling cutting depth system and designed PID controller in BP neural network and conducted simulation analysis by programming with Matlab. The results show that, when compared with conventional PID control, BP neural network compounded with PID control would enable the system better dynamic performance and follow-up characteristics, therefore, it is an effective control strategy.

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18

Zastempowski, Marcin, Andrzej Bochat, Lubomir Hujo, Juraj Jablonicky, and Maciej Janiec. "Impact of Cutting Units’ Design on Biomass Cutting Resistance." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2022-0031.

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Abstract The paper presents mathematical models describing the moments of resistance to cutting on the cutting drum shafts in the biomass cutting process. The mathematical procedures described in the paper have been verified on a test stand developed and constructed by the authors, which reflects real conditions of the process of cutting plant material into pieces of specified lengths. Experimental verification proved that the developed mathematical models are adequate for drums of both cylindrical and conical constructions. The value of the average error did not exceed 13%. Following the mathematical elaboration and verification studies, the authors carried out calculations for machines currently available on the market that are equipped with drum cutting units. The calculations were carried out for the most commonly cut material, i.e. for maize, straw and green plant materials. The obtained results confirm the complexity of the problem arising from a wide range of numerical values of cutting resistance, which is contained in the range of 400–1,800 nm. The compiled database can be practically applied in the selection of machines for specific field works, and the mathematical models developed and verified in the study can be applied at the stage of designing new designs of cutting drums used in forage harvesters.

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19

Gonçalves, M. A. F., F. J. Lorini, C. Benetti, M. Eckhardt, and C. J. Scheuer. "Universal parameter language for the programming of numerical controlled machines." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 110, no. 9-10 (September 14, 2020): 2713–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05701-3.

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20

Hida, Tomoya, Tetsuya Asano, Chiharu Higashino, Masaaki Kanamaru, Jun’ichi Kaneko, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "Development of Cutting Force Prediction Method Using Motion Information from CNC Controller." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 2 (March 4, 2016): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0253.

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Five-axis machines and multi-tasking machines are widely used because they facilitate integration of work processes and simplification of jigs and set-ups. Along with effective machine use, development of optimum machining such as research on tools and cutting methods to achieve high-speed cutting and increase of material removal rate is being investigated. While these efforts have greatly contributed to furthering of automation and cost reduction at the manufacturing site, complex machine motions and increased demanding work processes can lead to unexpected collisions and tool breakages. To prevent tool breakage caused by unexpected overloading or to improve the inefficient feed rate on the basis of safety considerations, simulations based on numerical control (NC) data are usually performed in advance to evaluate the cutting force. In high-speed, high-efficiency machining, however, the machine does not always execute movements as instructed by the NC data and the predicted cutting force does not always agree with the actual cutting forces. In this study, therefore, we developed an off-line system in which the motion information of each axis of an actual machine is acquired from a computer numerical control (CNC) controller, and is then used to predict the cutting force. The effects of using the proposed method are described in this article.

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21

Zhou, Jian Hong, Peng Shen, and Zheng Weng. "Study on Numerical Control System of Lampcover Spinning Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1303.

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Chinese spinning technology has developed for more than 40 years. Especially in recent years, various kinds of spinning equipment have been developed and contributed a lot to Chinese equipment manufacturing industry, but it is blank in the light industry and civil industry. Due to the high cost and programming complexity of NC machine tools, we have no dedicated spinning machine and mostly rely on simple manual in the lampcover production. As to the above problems, we developed the lampcover NC spinning machines that can generate the track automatically and complete automatic control in the machining process.

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22

Myasnikova, Lyubov, and Anna Kameneva. "Development of a complex of control and measuring procedures for parts with high-precision surfaces on CNC machines." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2022, no. 11 (November 25, 2022): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2022-11-32-38.

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The article is devoted to the development of solutions to improve the efficiency of the cutting process by using the capabilities of modern automated equipment with numerical control (CNC) and the use of these solutions for the introduction of a rational technological process in production. The processing of parts on CNC machines with automatic correction of cutting tools for surfaces with tight tolerances is considered. The method of using a complex of control and measuring procedures in the technological preparation of production on CNC machines is given. An enlarged algorithm for processing a part on a machine according to a control program with measurements in automatic mode using the method of logical control is presented. The result of the operability of experimental studies on the measurement of parts with high-precision dimensions is evaluated

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23

Holovnia, V., M. Horodyskyi, and A. Tkachuk. "Students training for numerical control machines programming by means of computer-aided manufacturing tools." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1840, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1840/1/012043.

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24

Gao, Yong Xiang. "Cutter Path Optimization during High-Speed Machining of Numerical Control." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.318.

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During the high-speed machining, cutter path of numerical control needs to satisfy the following requirements. There has no colliding among work pieces, fixtures and so on. The cutter path variation cannot too dramatically and the vibration should in the controlled area during the process. Feed speed can modify with path curvature variation and cutting depth need to be equality. This article will analyze and research in the mode of cutter advanced and retreats, cutter movement mode, cutter feed mode and cutter path of corner treatment during the high-speed process programming that could effective optimize cutter path, process efficiency and quality.

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25

Lan, Tian-Syung, Kai-Chi Chuang, and Yee-Ming Chen. "Automated green innovation for computerized numerical-controlled machining design." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 2018): 168781401878977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018789771.

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With the development of manufacturing technology and strict international environmental regulations, green production has become an imperative research topic in the manufacturing industry. Because cutting is affected by several factors, the development of green processes is vital for automated cutting using machines. These factors are often subjective and are set up merely based on the manual and experience of engineers, reducing tool life and deteriorating tool precision; ultimately, this approach increases production costs and reduces production efficiency. Moreover, the ecological environment can be seriously affected. Furthermore, the parameters must be adjusted according to variations in the processing state, which is a considerable drawback for the automated cutting industry. In this study, we investigated the precision computerized numerical-controlled cutting process as an example. We first assessed the literature and investigated tool wear and cutting noise as quality standards for green computerized numerical-controlled cutting. The cutting depth, cutting speed, feed rate, and the tip of the center were selected as control parameters. The consistency of the results was verified through an expert questionnaire conducted using analytic hierarchy process, and the weighted values of the control parameters were obtained. Simultaneously, seven environmental efficiency elements of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and TRIZ 39 engineering parameters of the CSI project were used to establish the engineering parameters for the green production design. Furthermore, 40 inventive principles from a contradiction matrix were used to design an optimization strategy to develop and verify an innovation strategy of singular quality. Finally, the experimental results revealed that implementing the analytic hierarchy process coupled with the TRIZ innovative thinking mode and green production concept enables enterprises to reduce their consumption of raw materials and waste production during the design process. This approach effectively reduces the burden on the environment and thus facilitates industry competitiveness and sustainability.

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26

Wang, Dewu, Cheng Zhang, and Xin Xi. "A Novel Interpolation Method for Cutting Trajectories in Spatial Coherent Cutting Machine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2395, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2395/1/012033.

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Abstract Coherent lines are generally more complex spatial curves, and the study of coherent lines is the basis for studying cutting trajectories of spatial coherent cutting machines. In this paper, the spatial geometry problem is transformed into an algebraic problem solving by establishing a mathematical model of spatial coherent line to find its parametric equations. Interpolation refers to the process of data densification. In this paper, a speed planning method that adapts to the curvature change of the Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines ( NURBS ) curve is proposed. After inputting the starting points and endpoints to the Computer Numerical Control (CNC), the computer will calculate the coordinate data of each step according to the characteristics of the line segment, carry out the speed planning and then complete the curve trajectory interpolation. The accuracy of the algorithm is verified by comparing the theoretical coherent trajectory and interpolated trajectory.

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27

Zhang, Qing Li, Yu Li Jin, and Ming Zhou Wang. "The Research for Control of the Laser Beam Trajectory on Surface Hardening Using NC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.429.

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Laser surface hardening is widely used. The complexity of the surface restricts its application. To solve this problem, it is necessary to study the path of the laser spot. By comparison the difference of CNC cutting machine and laser processing machines, the control system of laser spot is built. And the method of alignment for work coordinate system is obtained. NC programming model of the laser beam is established using CAM software. The change of area of spot when laser beam projected to the different normal angles surface was analyzed, and it is get the relationship of normal angles and feed rate. The complex surface laser surface hardening is realized.

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28

Bołoz, Łukasz, and Leonel F. Castañeda. "Computer-Aided Support for the Rapid Creation of Parametric Models of Milling Units for Longwall Shearers." Management Systems in Production Engineering 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2018-0031.

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Abstract The cutting drums are the basic working components of many mining machines. The article focuses on differences in the design of cutting drums depending on the expected working conditions. Then, the unique calculation procedure is presented which allows to determine the load on the unit by reducing the forces acting on a single pick, taking into account the picks bent on the cut-off disc. Until now, this has been omitted in the literature. The results of the calculations for the selected cutting drum performed in MATLAB are also presented. The further section proposes to use Autodesk Inventor Professional's iLogic Tool for quick modelling of cutting drums. The principles of creating parameterized models and compositions using programming elements in the form of iLogic scripts are presented. The articles presented a ready-made units generator, taking into account the possibility to determine values of selected numerical parameters of the unit: diameter, web, number of patches and cutting pitch. The generator also allows you to select the type of pick holders, conical pick types, as well as the choice of pick system for repositioning or matching picks.

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Koloshkina, I. E. "OPTIMIZATION OF CONTOUR MILLING MODES IN PROGRAMMING FOR NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC) MACHINES IN THE CAM-SYSTEM." Information Technologies of CAD/CAM/CAE, no. 2 (2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52190/2073-2597_2021_2_15.

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30

Garrido, Julio, Diego Silva, and Juan Sáez. "STEP-NC-Compliant Implementation to Support Mixed-Control Technologies Applied to Stone-Processing Machines Based on Industrial Automation Standards." Machines 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9120327.

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STEP-NC (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data–Numerical Control) for metal milling and turning is not implemented by industrial computer numerical controllers. Solutions reported are prototypes based on post-processing in G-code. Moreover, minority machining processes, such as stone cutting, have not yet been contemplated in the STEP-NC standard. This article takes that sector as a use case. An extended STEP-NC model for circular saw stone-cutting operations is proposed, and a prototype automation implementation is developed to work with this extended model. This article shows how modern technological resources for coordinated axes control provided by many industrial controllers for the automation of general-purpose machines can speed up the processes of implementing STEP-NC numerical controllers. This article proposes a mixed and flexible approach for STEP-NC-based machine automation, where different strategies can coexist when it comes to executing STEP-NC machining files, so controllers do not need to implement the standard in an exhaustive way for all the possible features, but only at selected ones when convenient. This is demonstrated in a prototype implementation which is able to process STEP-NC product files with mixed-feature types: standard milling and non-standard sawblade features for stone processing.

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Balasubramanyam, N. "Design and Development of a Numerical Model and Study on Kinematic Analysis of a Circular Diamond Saw Blade for Ceramics." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39353.

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Abstract: Diamond tools are currently being used by an increasing number of architects, miners and construction engineers because they are faster and easier to use than older, more traditional instruments like sledge hammers and pneumatic and hydraulic jacks. Bridge and highway surfaces are cut with diamond asphalt and concrete cutting machines to provide for quick, clean, and easy section removal and replacement. The entire cost is reduced since diamond tools take less time and manpower The experiment is carried out to validate the performance of diamond saw blades by taking into consideration characteristics such as normal force, tangential force, cutting speed, cut depth, and peripheral velocity. In present exploration work we are introductory phase of plan conclusion of a jewel device cutting edge with various segmental like 8,12,16,20 corn meal by utilizing Solid works programming we are planning the apparatus cutting edge after that we are imported in Ansys Software for Analysis reason. Computing the necessary qualities for examination and estimations of earthenware tiles likewise are some other stone molecule. Another power model of cutting is presented and inferred numerical demonstrating for chip thickness. Identical chip thickness to coarseness space proportion is gotten from the new power model another outspread opening like profile is presented. Fragmented sort jewel saw sharp edge with the measurement of 400 mm and different portion, for example, 8, 12, 16 and 20 are planned in Solid works effectively. An examination study between existing roundabout outspread space and cone like opening is done to decide deformity, stress dispersion, vibration and temperature conveyance.

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32

Sartakov, Valeriy. "Analysis of interpolator modeling methods for computer numerical control system of metal cutting machines and industrial robots." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 23, no. 4 (August 2019): 710–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2019-4-710-722.

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33

Sun, Hong. "Small Module Involute Gear Precise Modeling and NC Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1348.

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We can take the approach of mathematical model by establishing accurate mathematical model of small module gear, and will get the data point approximation file to import into UG, and we can realize the precise three-dimensional modelling of small module gear through UG calling data points. We can take the close data as CNC wire-cutting processing node coordinates of programming, and program CNC wire-cutting processing. This can be a very good solution to the small module gear precise modeling and numerical control processing problem.

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34

Jaen-Cuellar, Arturo Yosimar, Roque Alfredo Osornio-Ríos, Miguel Trejo-Hernández, Israel Zamudio-Ramírez, Geovanni Díaz-Saldaña, José Pablo Pacheco-Guerrero, and Jose Alfonso Antonino-Daviu. "System for Tool-Wear Condition Monitoring in CNC Machines under Variations of Cutting Parameter Based on Fusion Stray Flux-Current Processing." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 8431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248431.

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The computer numerical control (CNC) machine has recently taken a fundamental role in the manufacturing industry, which is essential for the economic development of many countries. Current high quality production standards, along with the requirement for maximum economic benefits, demand the use of tool condition monitoring (TCM) systems able to monitor and diagnose cutting tool wear. Current TCM methodologies mainly rely on vibration signals, cutting force signals, and acoustic emission (AE) signals, which have the common drawback of requiring the installation of sensors near the working area, a factor that limits their application in practical terms. Moreover, as machining processes require the optimal tuning of cutting parameters, novel methodologies must be able to perform the diagnosis under a variety of cutting parameters. This paper proposes a novel non-invasive method capable of automatically diagnosing cutting tool wear in CNC machines under the variation of cutting speed and feed rate cutting parameters. The proposal relies on the sensor information fusion of spindle-motor stray flux and current signals by means of statistical and non-statistical time-domain parameters, which are then reduced by means of a linear discriminant analysis (LDA); a feed-forward neural network is then used to automatically classify the level of wear on the cutting tool. The proposal is validated with a Fanuc Oi mate Computer Numeric Control (CNC) turning machine for three different cutting tool wear levels and different cutting speed and feed rate values.

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35

Slabkyі, Andrіі, Olexandr Manzhilevskyy, and Olexandr Polishchuk. "Analysis of structures of flat planting machines." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 13, no. 1 (2021): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2021-13-1-140-148.

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One of the methods of material processing is considered, which allows to obtain high geometric accuracy and low surface roughness of parts, namely their abrasive finishing. The high quality of machining of parts in this way is due to the use of coordinated relative movement of the workpiece and the cutting tool. According to the kinematic features, most lapping machines can be divided into two groups: machines with oscillating working motion and machines with rotating lapping motion. The machines of the first group are more common due to the simplicity of their design and versatility. However, the possibility of their use is limited by the size range of the workpieces and uneven wear of the cutting tool and, as a consequence, the uneven surface treatment of the part. The machines of the second group are considered the most versatile, as they allow processing a wide range of parts, varying in shape and size, but they are also not without such a disadvantage as uneven wear of the cutting tool with all the corresponding consequences. Improving the efficiency of abrasive finishing by complicating the trajectory of the relative movement of the tool and the part, ie the formation of a unique mutual working movement of the lapping and the movement of the workpiece, is one of the most common areas. The main disadvantage of equipment that provides processing of parts on this principle is, in most cases, limited regulation of the operating parameters of the cutting process, so this area remains promising and has broad prospects for development. The constructive scheme of the hydraulic-pulse flat-lapping machine offered in work thanks to a combination of advantages of the hydraulic-pulse drive with use of numerical program control will allow to provide unique mutual multi-movement of preparation and the lapping tool with a possibility of adjustment of its parameters in the course of processing. Purposeful choice of the shape and density of the trajectory of the working movement of the tool will form a micro relief of the treated surface with the necessary statistical parameters and low roughness.

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36

Wilkens, Gunter C., and John M. Kalogerakis. "The Automatic Cutting, Marking, and Processing of Structural Sections." Journal of Ship Production 4, no. 01 (February 1, 1988): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1988.4.1.1.

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Structural sections used in the offshore and shipbuilding industries require a wide range of cutouts, end-cut configurations and edge preparations. Such shapes are currently sketched, layed-off, and cut with manual and/or semi-automatic methods. This paper describes the development of a high-throughput automated (computer numerical control) shape cutting line that incorporates all of the activities from the planning stage through to the finished workpiece. For the more complex shapes, a flexible automation (robotic) cutting system is described that includes an off-line programming capability. Two practical application examples are also detailed. It is concluded that section preparation is now an area that can be automated, with robotics being a feasible and flexible solution.

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37

Ivanov, V. M. "Simulation Model of the Cutting Speed Stabilization System for CNC Metal-Cutting Machine Tools." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 21, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.21.110-116.

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In this paper a simulation model of cutting speed stabilization for numerical control machines was developed. The mode of cutting speed stabilization allows solving a number of technological problems, including the increase in machining productivity and the quality of the part surface, the increase in durability of the cutting tool.Access to the functions of the basic software of CNC systems is limited. Taking this into account, this paper considers the functional and algorithmic features of the power parameter stabilization systems, as the basis for the further development of intelligent algorithmic support and software. The existing guidance on cutting conditions is based on empirical dependencies, the use of which for direct application in algorithms for the cutting process automatic control is difficult, since these dependencies determine the predicted, not the current, parameters. The non-stationary model was adopted as the basic structure of the process of shaping parts, the main non-stationary model parameters are determined by the three-dimensional kinematics of the universal machine. The generalized approach to the power parameter systems and the synthesis of the regulators of their main circuits made it possible to identify the simplest version of the structures based on the use of the regulators with parametric feedback. The functional model contains the main components of the CNC system: an interpolator, servo drives of feeds and main motion, as well as additional cycle and analysis modules. The high-speed processing of end surfaces and the conditions for the implementation of cyclic control tasks are considered. The simulation results confirming the performance of functional algorithms and the possibility of their use in intelligent CNC systems are presented.

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38

Ford, DG, A. Myers, F. Haase, S. Lockwood, and A. Longstaff. "Active vibration control for a CNC milling machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 2 (April 4, 2013): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213484224.

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There is a requirement for improved three-dimensional surface characterisation and reduced tool wear when modern computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools are operating at high cutting velocities, spindle speeds and feed rates. For large depths of cut and large material removal rates, there is a tendency for machines to chatter caused by self-excited vibration in the machine tools leading to precision errors, poor surface finish quality, tool wear and possible machine damage. This study illustrates a method for improving machine tool performance by understanding and adaptively controlling the machine structural vibration. The first step taken is to measure and interpret machine tool vibration and produce a structural model. As a consequence, appropriate sensors need to be selected and/or designed and then integrated to measure all self-excited vibrations. The vibrations of the machine under investigation need to be clearly understood by analysis of sensor signals and surface finish measurement. The active vibration control system has been implemented on a CNC machine tool and validated under controlled conditions by compensating for machine tool vibrations on time-varying multi-point cutting operations for a vertical milling machine. The design of the adaptive control system using modelling, filtering, active vibration platform and sensor feedback techniques has been demonstrated to be successful.

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39

Setiawan, Ari, Luthfan Qashmal, Rachmawati Wangsaputra, Yatna Yuwana Martawirya, and Abdul Hakim Halim. "An Object-Oriented Modelling of Production Scheduling for Flexible Manufacturing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.345.

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This paper presents an object-oriented modelling approach to production scheduling for FMS. The purpose of this study is to prepare a simulation tool to try a method of production scheduling that allocates jobs to the machines and cutting tools in an FMS. This model is developed by using Pharo as the language software for object-oriented programming through UML system design. This model consists of three types of classes. The first type is the Equipment-class, which related to the physical equipment in the FMS, for example machining-centers, cutting tools, pallet stocker, stacker crane. The second type is the Product-class that related to the information how to process the product. This class has sub-class such as process plan, machining operation and required cutting tools. The third class is the Production Planning and Controlling (PPC) class, which related to create the schedule to equipment. The PPC-class has sub-classes such as the daily order or job, job sequence, job allocation on machine and scheduling methods. A numerical example is provided in this paper to show that the object-oriented model for FMS and production scheduling is verified. The FMS consist of four identical machining centers and eight jobs. Each job has a process plan that requires some specific cutting tool types. The method for production scheduling in this model is Shortest Processing Time (SPT). The production scheduling performance is measured in this model.

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40

Zeng, Yi Hui, Jia Qiang E, Xian Ping Yang, and Hong Mei Li. "Soft-Sensing Model on the Roughness of Machining Surface under the Numerical Control and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 1077–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.1077.

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In order to make sure a high-accuracy and fast- speed survey, a Soft-sensing model for the roughness of machining surface was built based on the support vector machines using rotate speed n, feed peed vf, and depth of cutting as independent parameters, taking groups of actual machining experiment data as samples.The allowable error ε and the positive aligned c and the kernel function parameter r were optimized by an adaptive genetic algorithm. After being optimized 300 steps, the following results can be gained through the training, testing and application. The average relative error tended to saturation training was 4.0%; the test error was less than 2.6%; the average relative error between the Soft-sensing value for the roughness of machining surface under the numerical control and the test value of the profile and roughness tester for the SV-C3000 super surface of was ranging from 0.4% to 1.25%.

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41

Rakic, Aleksandar, Sasa Zivanovic, Zoran Dimic, and Mladen Knezevic. "Digital twin control of multi-axis wood CNC machining center based on LinuxCNC." BioResources 16, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 1115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1115-1130.

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This paper presents an application of an open architecture control system implemented on a multi-axis wood computer numerical control milling machining center, as a digital twin control. The development of the digital twin control system was motivated by research and educational requirements, especially in the field of configuring a new control system by “virtual commissioning”, enabling the validation of the developed controls, program verification, and analysis of the machining process and monitoring. The considered wood computer numerical control (CNC) machining system is supported by an equivalent virtual machine in a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) environment, as well as in the control system, as a digital twin. The configured virtual machines are used for the verification of the machining program and programming system via machining simulation, which is extremely important in multi-axis machining. Several test wood workpieces were machined to validate the effectiveness of the developed control system based on LinuxCNC.

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42

A.A., Petunin, Chentsov A.G., and Chentsov P.A. "Some applications of optimization routing problems with additional constraints." Vestnik Udmurtskogo Universiteta. Matematika. Mekhanika. Komp'yuternye Nauki 32, no. 2 (June 2022): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/vm220203.

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The paper deals with an extremal routing problem with constraints. In the general formulation, it is assumed that the objects of visiting are any non-empty finite sets — megalopolises. The main applied problem considered in this study is the tool path optimization problem for CNC sheet-cutting machines, known as the Cutting Path Problem. This problem arises at the stage of developing control programs for CNC machines. Other applications are also possible. In particular, the results obtained in the chapter can be used in the problem of minimizing the radiation dose when dismantling a system of radiation-hazardous elements after accidents at nuclear power plants and in transport problems. Among tasks constraints, the precedence constraints are investigated. These constraints can be used to reduce computational complexity. As the main method, the study used broadly understood dynamic programming. The offered realization of the method takes into account the precedence constraints and the dependence of the objective functions on the task list. This dependence belongs to the class of very complex conditions that determine the route admissibility at each routing step, depending on the tasks already completed or, on the contrary, not yet completed. As applied to the Cutting Path Problem, the dependence of the objective function on the task list makes it possible to reduce thermal deformations of the material during cutting. The chapter provides a mathematical formalization of an extremal routing problem with additional constraints, a description of the method, and the exact algorithm obtained with its help. The order of task execution, the specific trajectory of the process, and the starting point are optimized.

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43

FREY, CLEMENS. "CO-EVOLUTION OF FINITE STATE MACHINES FOR OPTIMIZATION: PROMOTION OF DEVICES WHICH SEARCH GLOBALLY." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 02, no. 01 (March 2002): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026802000397.

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In this work a co-evolutionary approach is used in conjunction with Genetic Programming operators in order to find certain transition rules for two-step discrete dynamical systems. This issue is similar to the well-known artificial-ant problem. We seek the dynamic system to produce a trajectory leading from given initial values to a maximum of a given spatial functional.This problem is recast into the framework of input-output relations for controllers, and the optimization is performed on program trees describing input filters and finite state machines incorporated by these controllers simultaneously. In the context of Genetic Programming there is always a set of test cases which has to be maintained for the evaluation of program trees. These test cases are subject to evolution here, too, so we employ a so-called host-parasitoid model in order to evolve optimizing dynamical systems.Reinterpreting these systems as algorithms for finding the maximum of a functional under constraints, we have derived a paradigm for the automatic generation of adapted optimization algorithms via optimal control. We provide numerical examples generated by the GP-system MathEvEco. These examples refer to key properties of the resulting strategies and they include statistical evidence showing that for this problem of system identification the co-evolutionary approach is superior to standard Genetic Programming.

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44

Nazarov, Michail, and Evgeny Kiselev. "Milling of Thin Walled Components from Aluminum Alloys by Considering the Conditions of Rigidity and Automation Assignment Elements of a Cutting Mode on CNC Machines." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929701010.

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The work is devoted to the problems of manufacturing thinwalled parts of the aviation industry and instrument engineering on modern numerical control machines. The main reason of defects of such products -loss of dimensional accuracy is revealed. The reason for this is the elastic deformation of the workpiece during milling. A mathematical model for calculating the elastic pressing of a thin wall during milling is proposed. The method of checking the adequacy of the developed model with the help of engineering analysis system is presented. The minimum set of geometrical parameters of the processed element and the cutting tool necessary for search of the rational cutting mode was defined. A new approach to automation of this process present through the evaluation of all possible solutions. The calculation of the rational cutting mode was made taking into account the conditions of rigidity of the workpiece. Conclusions on the efficiency of the developed technique are made.

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45

Chen, Lin-Lin, and T. C. Woo. "Computational Geometry on the Sphere With Application to Automated Machining." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2916945.

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Based on observations made on the geometry of the cutting tools and the degrees of freedom in 3-, 4-, 5-axis numerical control machines, a new class of geometric algorithms is induced on the unit sphere. Spherical algorithms are useful for determining the type of tool, its path, workpiece fixturing, and the type of machine. Basic to these algorithms are four that are presented here: detection of convexity on the sphere, computation for spherically convex hull, determination of the spherical convexity of a union, and the intersection of hemispheres. These four algorithms are related by duality and the sharing of partial results.

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46

Zhang, Dong Su, Zu Wei Dong, Bin Chen, and Li Zhi Yang. "Development of CNC Lower Pressure Water Jet Cutter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.349.

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A new lower pressure water jet cutter has been invented, which adopts the technology of premixed abrasive jet and computer numerical control (CNC). A series of technical problems had been solved such as abrasive screen classification, abrasive tank filling, abrasive consistency regulation, valve group sequence control, etc, which are essential in the application of this technique. The structure, working principles, main technological parameters and practical application of the cutter are introduced in this paper. Experimental results show that the water jet cutter can cut steal, glass and other materials. It is characterized by its high efficiency, low specific power consumption and fine automation level. Therefore it is a new type of cold cutting machines.

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47

Lv, Jingxiang, Tao Peng, and Renzhong Tang. "Energy modeling and a method for reducing energy loss due to cutting load during machining operations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 3 (April 28, 2018): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405418769922.

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In a typical part manufacturing system, machining operations represent a major proportion of the total energy consumption. The energy consumption (in the form of electricity power) of a machining operation can be divided into four types, that is, standby power, operational power, cutting power and power loss due to cutting load. Power loss due to cutting load includes the power loss caused by the friction of mechanical transmission and the power lost in the motor when the cutting load is applied to the spindle system. While the first three types of power consumption have been studied intensively by previous researchers, the power loss due to cutting load, which accounts for up to 20% of the cutting power consumption during machining operations, has received relatively less attention. This article proposes a novel model to characterize power loss due to cutting load, in which the power lost in the mechanical transmission and in the spindle motor are analyzed and modeled separately. Cutting tests have been carried out to validate the proposed model using two numerical control lathe machines. And a method has been developed for reducing energy loss caused by cutting load, which includes cutting force prediction, power loss due to cutting load prediction and decision making. The method was evaluated through its application in the process design for a shaft part, and the results show a significant saving of up to 70.8% of energy loss caused by cutting load.

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48

Cheng, Yuan-Ming. "Machining with a Precision Five-Axis Machine Tools Created by Combining a Horizontal Parallel Three-Axis Motion Platform and a Three-Axis Machine Tools." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062268.

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Five-axis working machines are applied in the high-precision machining of complex convex surfaces. Therefore, this study integrated a horizontal parallel three-axis motion platform and a three-axis machine tools to create a reconfigurable precision five-axis machine tools (RPFMT). A DELTA OPEN computer numerical control controller was used as the control system architecture. A human–machine interface and programmable controller were incorporated into the developed tool to achieve automatic online measurement. A suitable cutting tool was selected to calculate the five-axis NC machining code for a complex convex surface. The NC codes were input into the LabVIEW software for five-axis postprocessing conversion. A concave workpiece was cut through rough and finishing machining to verify the accuracy of the produced RPFMT.

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49

Tahmasbi, Vahid, Mehdi Safari, and Jalal Joudaki. "Statistical modeling, Sobol sensitivity analysis and optimization of single-tip tool geometrical parameters in the cortical bone machining process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 1 (October 16, 2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919882862.

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Machining and cutting of cortical bones are very common and important in the field of orthopedic surgeries. Considerable advances in bone machining are obtained by using computer numerical control machines and automatic surgery robots but still, researches are needed to investigate the effects of machining parameters in bone machining. In this article, for the first time, the effect of geometrical parameters of the single-tip tool on cortical bone machining is studied. The machining parameters included in the investigation are rake angle, back rake angle and side cutting edge angle and the response surface methodology is used to analyze the obtained surface quality according to a second-order regression model. The sensitivity of surface quality to the input parameters was measured by applying Sobol sensitivity analysis and the results are optimized by the Derringer algorithm. Finally, the optimum tool is determined as 15° rake angle, −5° back rake angle and 30° side cutting edge angle. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the surface quality to the input parameters is determined as 52% for rake angle, 31% for side cutting edge angle and 17% for back rake angle.

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50

Demir, Aydin, Evren Osman Cakiroglu, and Ismail Aydin. "Effects of CNC Processing Parameters on Surface Quality of Wood-Based Panels Used in Furniture Industry." Drvna industrija 73, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2022.2109.

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Анотація:

The processing of wood-based panels such as plywood, particleboard and fiberboard, which are widely used in the furniture industry, with CNC (Computer Numerical Control) milling machines has been increasing recently. Even though CNC milling machines have many advantages for furniture producers, it is difficult to set process parameters to obtain the desired surface quality of the material. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the most suitable of these parameters for the surface quality of each wood-based panel. This study aimed to determine the effects of processing parameters on the surface quality of plywood, particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels processed in CNC milling machines. Furthermore, the average surface roughness values of these panels were compared after CNC processing. Three spindle rotational frequencies (10.000, 14.000 and 18.000 rpm), three feed rates (5, 7, and 9 m/min) and two cutting tool diameters (2 and 5 mm) were selected as CNC processing parameters. To determine the surface quality of wood-based panels, the surface roughness measurements were performed according to DIN 4768 standard and three surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rmax and Rz) were determined. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the surface roughness values of wood-based panels decreased with increasing spindle rotational frequency and feed rate, while they increased with increasing cutting tool diameter. Among the wood-based panels used in this study, the lowest average roughness values were obtained for plywood samples.

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