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Статті в журналах з теми "Cushing's"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Giugni, Aldo Schenone, Shylaja Mani, Subramanian Kannan, and Betul Hatipoglu. "Exophthalmos: A Forgotten Clinical Sign of Cushing's Syndrome." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/205208.

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Анотація:

Exophthalmos is typically associated with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Although originally described by Harvey Cushing, exophthalmos is an underappreciated sign of Cushing's syndrome. We present a case of a 38-year-old female who presented with severe bilateral proptosis and was subsequently diagnosed with Cushings disease. We discuss the possible mechanisms causing exophthalmos in patients with either endogenous or exogenous hypercortisolemia.

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2

Pascual, José María, and Ruth Prieto. "Harvey Cushing and pituitary Case Number 3 (Mary D.): the origin of this most baffling problem in neurosurgery." Neurosurgical Focus 41, no. 1 (July 2016): E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.2.focus1592.

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Анотація:

From the very beginning of his career, Harvey Williams Cushing (1869–1939) harbored a deep interest in a complex group of neoplasms that usually developed at the infundibulum. These were initially known as “interpeduncular” or “suprasellar” cysts. Cushing introduced the term “craniopharyngioma” for these lesions, which he believed represented one of the most baffling problems faced by neurosurgeons. The patient who most influenced Cushing's thinking was a 16-year-old seamstress named “Mary D.,” whom he attended in December 1901, exactly the same month that Alfred Fröhlich published his seminal article describing an adiposogenital syndrome in a young boy with a pituitary cyst. Both Cushing's and Fröhlich's patients showed similar symptoms caused by the same type of tumor. Notably, Cushing and Fröhlich had met one another and became good friends in Liverpool the summer before these events took place. Their fortunate relationship led Cushing to realize that Fröhlich's syndrome represented a state of hypopituitarism and provided a useful method of diagnosing interpeduncular cysts. It is noteworthy that Cushing's very first neurosurgical procedure on a pituitary tumor was performed in the case of Mary D.'s “interpeduncular cyst,” on February 21, 1902. Cushing failed to remove this lesion, which was later found during the patient's autopsy. This case was documented as Pituitary Case Number 3 in Cushing's masterpiece, The Pituitary Body and Its Disorders, published in 1912. This tumor was considered “a teratoma”; however, multiple sources of evidence suggest that this lesion actually corresponded to an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Unfortunately, the pathological specimens of this lesion were misplaced, and this prompted Cushing's decision to retain all specimens and documents of the cases he would operate on throughout his career. Accordingly, Mary D.'s case crystallized the genesis of the Cushing Brain Tumor Registry, one of Cushing's major legacies to neurosurgery. In this paper the authors analyze the case of Mary D. and the great influence it had on Cushing's conceptions of the pituitary gland and its afflictions, and on the history of pituitary surgery.

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3

Tubbs, R. Shane, Neal Patel, Brian Vala Nahed, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, and Robert J. Spinner. "Reflections on the contributions of Harvey Cushing to the surgery of peripheral nerves." Journal of Neurosurgery 114, no. 5 (May 2011): 1442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.11.jns10804.

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By the time Harvey Cushing entered medical school, nerve reconstruction techniques had been developed, but peripheral nerve surgery was still in its infancy. As an assistant surgical resident influenced by Dr. William Halsted, Cushing wrote a series of reports on the use of cocaine for nerve blocks. Following his residency training and a hiatus to further his clinical interests and intellectual curiosity, he traveled to Europe and met with a variety of surgeons, physiologists, and scientists, who likely laid the groundwork for Cushing's increased interest in peripheral nerve surgery. Returning to The Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1901, he began documenting these surgeries. Patient records preserved at Yale's Cushing Brain Tumor Registry describe Cushing's repair of ulnar and radial nerves, as well as his exploration of the brachial plexus for nerve repair or reconstruction. The authors reviewed Harvey Cushing's cases and provide 3 case illustrations not previously reported by Cushing involving neurolysis, nerve repair, and neurotization. Additionally, Cushing's experience with facial nerve neurotization is reviewed. The history, physical examination, and operative notes shed light on Cushing's diagnosis, strategy, technique, and hence, his surgery on peripheral nerve injury. These contributions complement others he made to surgery of the peripheral nervous system dealing with nerve pain, entrapment, and tumor.

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4

Ellis, Harold. "Harvey Cushing: Cushing's Disease." Journal of Perioperative Practice 22, no. 9 (September 2012): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045891202200906.

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5

Haubrich, William S. "Cushing of Cushing's ulcers." Gastroenterology 119, no. 1 (July 2000): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(00)70076-x.

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6

Seymour, Zachary A., and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol. "Cushing's lost cases of “radium bomb” brachytherapy for gliomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 113, no. 1 (July 2010): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.11.jns091393.

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Анотація:

Although recent efforts to advance the treatment of gliomas through radiotherapy and chemotherapy may seem to be a relatively new area of growth and development, these efforts have been in progress since the therapeutic potential of radiation therapy was discovered in the late 19th century. Cushing's use of brachytherapy has been mentioned several times in the literature without receiving an appropriate in-depth analysis. The reasoning behind Cushing's initial use of brachytherapy was not fully examined, and a close analysis of the outcomes of this therapy was not made. In addition, Cushing's use of his “radium bomb” occurred more commonly than the 3 cases previously documented. The authors reviewed all the patient records available at the Cushing Brain Tumor Registry—which represents the most complete series of patient records from the Cushing era—and selected those patients who underwent treatment with Cushing's “radium bomb.” The authors place these early attempts to optimize interstitial radiation of brain tumors in their historical perspective.

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7

Mehta, Vivek A., Olindi Wijesekera, Courtney Pendleton, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, George I. Jallo, and Edward S. Ahn. "Harvey Cushing and “birth hemorrhage”: early pediatric neurosurgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 8, no. 6 (December 2011): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.9.peds11198.

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Анотація:

Of Harvey Cushing's many contributions to neurosurgery, one of the least documented is his early surgical intervention in children and his pioneering efforts to establish pediatric neurosurgery as a subspecialty. Between 1896 and 1912 Cushing conducted nearly 200 operations in children at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. A review of his records suggests that the advances he made in neurosurgery were significantly influenced by his experience with children. In this historical article, the authors describe Cushing's treatment of 6 children, in all of whom Cushing established a diagnosis of “birth hemorrhage.” By reviewing Cushing's operative indications, techniques, and outcomes, the authors aim to understand the philosophy of his pediatric neurosurgical management and how this informed his development of neurosurgery as a new specialty.

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8

Carey, Michael E. "Major Harvey Cushing's difficulties with the British and American armies during World War I." Journal of Neurosurgery 121, no. 2 (August 2014): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.5.jns122285.

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Анотація:

This historical review explores Harvey Cushing's difficulties with both the British and American armies during his World War I service to definitively examine the rumor of his possible court martial. It also provides a further understanding of Cushing the man. While in France during World War I, Cushing was initially assigned to British hospital units. This service began in May 1917 and ended abruptly in May 1918 when the British cashiered him for repeated censorship violations. Returning to American command, he feared court martial. The army file on this matter (retrieved from the United States National Archives) indicates that US Army authorities recommended that Cushing be reprimanded and returned to the US for his violations. The army carried out neither recommendation, and no evidence exists that a court martial was considered. Cushing's army career and possible future academic life were protected by the actions of his surgical peers and Merritte Ireland, Chief Surgeon of the US Army in France. After this censorship episode, Cushing was made a neurosurgical consultant but was also sternly warned that further rule violations would not be tolerated by the US Army. Thereafter, despite the onset of a severe peripheral neuropathy, probably Guillian Barré's syndrome, Cushing was indefatigable in ministering to neurosurgical needs in the US sector in France. Cushing's repeated defying of censorship regulations reveals poor judgment plus an initial inability to be a “team player.” The explanations he offered for his censorship violations showed an ability to bend the truth. Cushing's war journal is unclear as to exactly what transpired between him and the British and US armies. It also shows no recognition of the help he received from others who were instrumental in preventing his ignominious removal from service in France. Had that happened, his academic future and ability to train future neurosurgical leaders may have been seriously threatened. Cushing's foibles notwithstanding, all realized that he contributed greatly to both British and US war neurosurgery. United States Army surgeons who operated upon brain wounds in France recognized Cushing as their leader.

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9

Wahl, Christopher J., R. Shane Tubbs, Dennis D. Spencer, and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol. "Harvey Cushing as a book collector, bibliophile, and archivist: the precedence for the genesis of the Brain Tumor Registry." Journal of Neurosurgery 111, no. 5 (November 2009): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.7.jns08511.

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Анотація:

Influenced by individuals such as his parents, Osler, and Halsted, and by his early medical student experience, Harvey Cushing developed a strong interest in collecting, especially antiquarian medical books. Even today, his collection housed at Yale University is one of the most prestigious in the world. Cushing's interest in archives is further manifested and reinforced by his establishment of the Cushing Brain Tumor Registry. The following is a review of Cushing's background not as an eminent clinician and surgeon but as an individual best described as a bibliophile, archivist, and ardent collector of medical paraphernalia.

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10

Greenblatt, Samuel H. "The image of the “brain surgeon” in American culture: the influence of Harvey Cushing." Journal of Neurosurgery 75, no. 5 (November 1991): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0808.

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Анотація:

✓ In contemporary American culture, the term “brain surgeon” conjures up the image of an intensely singleminded professional, who deals with terribly complex matters of life and death. These descriptors find their personification in Harvey Cushing, because they are derived directly from him. This hypothesis was tested by a complete search of the New York Times Index and the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature for the years 1919 to 1942. All entries for Harvey Cushing were reviewed in the original sources. In the New York Times, Cushing's first significant exposure was in response to his winning a Pulitzer Prize in 1925. Major editorial coverage began in 1934, and was especially prominent with the publication of From a Surgeon's Journal in 1936. The process of lionizing Cushing by creating an overdrawn caricature reached its apotheosis in Time magazine in 1939. The Time article was actually a report of Cushing's 70th birthday party. It expounded all of the descriptors that are now associated with “brain surgeon.” Thus, it was Cushing's literary skills that initially brought him recognition from editors who were arbiters of public opinion. This attention seems to have been the conduit to his mythologization by the larger public. Although unnamed, it is really Cushing's image that still persists as the prototypical “brain surgeon” in the collective American consciousness.

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11

Kissane, Nicole A., and Juan C. Cendan. "Patients with Cushing's Syndrome are Care-Intensive Even in the Era of Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy." American Surgeon 75, no. 4 (April 2009): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480907500402.

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We report outcomes from laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) comparing patients with Cushing's syndrome with those with other adrenal pathology with respect to length of stay (LOS), overall complications, and financial implications. We conducted a retrospective review of 80 continuous patients (103 glands) undergoing LA. The clinical diagnoses were: hypercortisolism (Cushing’ syndrome; n = 33), hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome; n = 20), phaeochromocytoma (n = 16), and neoplasm (others; n = 11). Advanced care in the intermediate or intensive care unit was necessary in 27 patients, most frequently in our Cushing's population (16 of 33 [48%]). Six patients sustained major complications, including death in two patients; seven patients sustained minor complications. LOS was longer for patients with Cushing's syndrome (mean, 5.5 vs 3.3 days; P = 0.024). Financially, patients with Cushing's syndrome had statistically higher total hospital ( P = 0.009), advanced care ( P = 0.002), and anesthetic costs ( P = 0.005). LA in patients with Cushing's syndrome is associated with longer hospitalizations, more frequent major complications, and higher advanced care requirements, especially for patients undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy Minor complications were infrequent and median LOS was brief regardless of diagnosis. Patients with Cushing's syndrome had higher costs for overall hospital charges, advanced care, and anesthesia.

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12

Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A., Edward R. Laws, Dennis D. Spencer, and Antonio A. F. De Salles. "The evolution of Harvey Cushing's surgical approach to pituitary tumors from transsphenoidal to transfrontal." Journal of Neurosurgery 103, no. 2 (August 2005): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.103.2.0372.

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Анотація:

✓ The evolution of transsphenoidal surgery represents a special chapter in the progress of neurosurgery. Although Cushing initially advocated a transsphenoidal approach to pituitary tumors, he became disenchanted with this approach, ultimately favoring the subfrontal or “transfrontal” route late in his career. Other neurosurgeons followed Cushing's example, and the fate of transsphenoidal surgery entered a dark era in 1929. A review of Cushing's patients' records reveals that his abandonment of the transsphenoidal route was primarily related to the limitations of this approach in providing effective resection of large pituitary lesions—the symptomatic tumor recurrence rate after this procedure was substantial. Furthermore, given the preoperative uncertainty about the suprasellar extension of pituitary tumors prior to modern neuroimaging, the transfrontal route assured Cushing an adequate decompression of the optic chiasm. By 1927, Cushing's mastery of intracranial surgery was accompanied by the use of electrosurgical methods that enabled him to remove sellar lesions through the transfrontal route safely and with timely and effective restoration of visual loss. Transsphenoidal surgery remained relatively dormant, awaiting the efforts and enthusiasm of Norman Dott who bridged the gap between Cushing and Gerard Guiot, the surgeon who revitalized transsphenoidal adenomectomy for future generations of pituitary surgeons.

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13

Patel, Neal B., Courtney Pendleton, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol. "A unique experiment in neurological surgery: intracerebral injection of antitoxin for tetanus." Journal of Neurosurgery 112, no. 6 (June 2010): 1318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.7.jns09681.

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Анотація:

The discipline of neurological surgery was considered primarily “hopeless” and, at best, experimental in the late 19th century. Harvey Cushing's efforts during his initial uncharted voyage through the surgery of the human cranium were rudimentary and exploratory. A direct review of his available patient records from early in his career provides the opportunity to look back at Cushing as a physician-scientist, uncovering work that demonstrates that he was at the forefront of neurosurgical intervention in avenues that have been largely overlooked. The authors present Cushing's notes pertaining to a case of tetanus. This case represents the intersection of neurosurgery and tetanus treatment in Dr. Cushing's intracerebral injection of antitoxin to treat generalized tetanus.

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14

Huntoon, Kristin, Edward H. Oldfield, and Russell R. Lonser. "Dr. Arvid Lindau and discovery of von Hippel-Lindau disease." Journal of Neurosurgery 123, no. 4 (October 2015): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.jns131963.

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Arvid Lindau, MD, PhD, consolidated the disparate array of benign and malignant visceral and nervous system lesions into the neoplastic syndrome known as von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Based on this pioneering work, Dr. Lindau was awarded both a Rockefeller fellowship to work in Dr. Harvey Cushing's laboratory in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Lennmalm Prize. While working in Dr. Cushing's laboratory, Dr. Lindau continued his study of CNS hemangioblastomas. His work with Dr. Cushing led to their lifelong friendship and scientific collaboration. In this paper the authors describe Arvid Lindau's pioneering work in nervous system tumor pathology, his relationship to Dr. Cushing, and his role in advancing neurological surgery and research in Europe.

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15

Davis, Richard A. "The Brigham Diary of Loyal Davis: a portrait of Harvey Cushing and a neurosurgical acolyte." Journal of Neurosurgery 82, no. 4 (April 1995): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.82.4.0683.

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Анотація:

✓ At 27 years of age, Loyal Davis wrote the Brigham Diary while training as an Associate in Surgery with Dr. Harvey Cushing. The diary is a daily record of the Cushing neurosurgical service between 1923 and 1924. The literary tone of the document is one of youthful enthusiasm and candor. Its contemporary portrayal of Harvard University's third Moseley Professor displays a demanding surgeon and scholar whose primary concern was the care of his patients and who taught the meticulous techniques of neurosurgery by example. In contrast to the experiences offered by current neurosurgical residency programs, Loyal Davis examined 107 patients, observed 81 operations, assisted Dr. Cushing during 23 operations, assisted Dr. Gilbert Horrax in 13 operations, and never performed an operation independently during his year at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. Despite these technical constraints, the young assistant learned the Cushing method of surgery and skilled patient care and was encouraged to continue laboratory investigations. Davis also emulated Cushing's exacting method of preparation of medical manuscripts, which were characterized by scientific innovation and an engaging literary style. The diary shows that Cushing often held inflexible surgical and scientific opinions and was contentious in their defense. These opinions were modified only when he was presented with unequivocal facts. The young surgeon sought Cushing's approval which carried a genuine but restrained benevolence. Harvey Cushing's impression on Davis was lasting and profound. The diary conveys the philosophy that uncompromised discipline is a necessary virtue and hard work is full satisfaction in itself. In the following years, Loyal Davis systematically patterned his surgical and scholarly endeavors after those of Harvey Cushing, an exemplar whose unstinting resolve was the pursuit of excellence.

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16

Lanzino, Giuseppe, Niki F. Maartens, and Edward R. Laws. "Cushing's Case XLV: Minnie G." Journal of Neurosurgery 97, no. 1 (July 2002): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.1.0231.

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Анотація:

✓ A 23-year-old patient who was examined in 1910 by Harvey Cushing triggered his lifelong interest in the syndrome that bears his name. “Minnie G.,” as she became historically known, presented with a “… syndrome of painful obesity, hypertrichosis, and amenorrhea with overdevelopment of secondary sexual characteristics accompanying a low grade of hydrocephalus and increased cerebral tension.” This case stimulated Harvey Cushing's inquisitive mind and sparked an interest that 20 years later culminated in his seminal report, “The basophil adenomas of the pituitary gland and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism).” In this classic work, Cushing reported in detail the cases of two patients encountered from his own practice and 10 similar cases collected from the literature. Minnie G. was the first case that Cushing reported. The clinical course of that case is briefly reviewed in this article.

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17

Elmaci, Ilhan, and Naci Balak. "Pioneering Turkish neurosurgeon Hami Dilek and the traces of Harvey Cushing's legacy in his work." Journal of Neurosurgery 108, no. 4 (April 2008): 821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/108/4/0821.

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Анотація:

✓ Hami Dilek trained in neurosurgery under Clovis Vincent and Thierry de Martel, pioneers of French neurosurgery who ranked among Harvey Cushing's most loyal admirers. Taking cues from Cushing and the giants of French neurosurgery, Dilek became the first surgeon to practice neurosurgery regularly in Turkey during the 1930s. In 1949, Dilek founded the first independent Turkish department of neurosurgery in Istanbul, and in 1951 he initiated resident training in neurosurgery. Both Cushing and Dilek started out as general surgeons and then became fascinated by the brain and spine. Also, they both single-handedly developed a new specialty where one did not exist before. Further similarities between Dilek and Cushing are also revealed in Dilek's delightful surgical and anatomical drawings. Dilek played an important role in the establishment and development of modern Turkish neurosurgery, and his life story highlights the fact that Cushing's legacy strongly influenced Turkish neurosurgery in the first half of the 20th century.

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18

Dasenbrock, Hormuzdiyar H., Courtney Pendleton, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, Jean-Paul Wolinsky, Ziya L. Gokaslan, Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, and Ali Bydon. "“No performance in surgery more interesting and satisfactory”: Harvey Cushing and his experience with spinal cord tumors at the Johns Hopkins Hospital." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, no. 3 (March 2011): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.10.spine10147.

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Анотація:

Although Harvey Cushing was a neurosurgical pioneer, his work on the spine remains largely unknown. In fact, other than his own publications, Cushing's patients with pathological lesions of the spine who were treated while he was at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, including those with spinal cord tumors, have never been previously described. The authors report on 7 patients with spinal cord tumors that Cushing treated surgically between 1898 and 1911: 2 extradural, 3 intradural extramedullary, and 2 intramedullary tumors. The authors also describe 10 patients in whom Cushing performed an “exploratory laminectomy” expecting to find a tumor, but in whom no oncological pathological entity was found. Cushing's spine surgeries were limited by challenges in making the correct diagnosis, lack of surgical precedent, and difficulty in achieving adequate intraoperative hemostasis. Other than briefly mentioning 2 of the 4 adult patients in his landmark monograph on meningiomas, these cases—both those involving tumors and those in which he performed exploratory laminectomies—have never been published before. Moreover, these cases illustrate the evolution that Harvey Cushing underwent as a spine surgeon.

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19

Laws, Edward R. "A neurosurgical way of life." Journal of Neurosurgery 89, no. 6 (December 1998): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.89.6.0901.

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Анотація:

✓ The author provides a review of the relationship between Harvey Cushing and William Osler. Dr. Osler's influence on Cushing's role as a leader in neurosurgery is examined. Some basic principles of a neurosurgical “Way of Life” are reviewed.

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20

Ansari, Shaheryar F., Nicholas G. Gianaris, and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol. "A meningioma and its consequences for American history and the rise of neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 6 (December 2011): 1067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.7.jns102067.

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Анотація:

The case of General Leonard Wood is notable both for its contribution to the field of neurosurgery and its historical significance. As one of Harvey Cushing's first successful brain tumor operations in 1910, Wood's surgery was part of the case series that culminated in Cushing's monograph Meningioma. This case was important to the rise of Cushing's career and his recognition as a member of the next generation of neurosurgeons who did not settle for mere bony decompression to taper intracranial tension but who dared to pursue intradural resections—operations that had been performed by surgeons for decades but were frowned upon because of the attendant risks. Cushing's operation to remove a recurrent brain tumor ended Wood's life in 1927. The authors discuss the effects the tumor may have had on Wood's life and career, explore an alternate explanation for the cause of Wood's death, and provide a brief account of the life of General Wood, highlighting events in his military and administrative career juxtaposed against the progression of his illness. Furthermore, the case history of the General is reviewed, using information drawn from the original patient notes and recently discovered images from the Cushing Brain Tumor Registry that elucidate more details about General Wood's story, from the injury that caused his first tumor to his final surgery, leading to his demise.

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21

Yanase, Toshihiko. "3) Cushing's Syndrome and Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 107, Suppl (February 20, 2018): 115b—116a. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.107.115b.

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22

Yanase, Toshihiko. "3) Cushing's Syndrome and Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 107, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 1766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.107.1766.

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23

Thynne, Tilenka, Graham H. White, and Morton G. Burt. "Factitious Cushing's syndrome masquerading as Cushing's disease." Clinical Endocrinology 80, no. 3 (October 25, 2013): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cen.12343.

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24

Ojemann, Robert G. "AANS Presidential Address: The tradition of Harvey Cushing commemorated by a stamp in the Great American stamp series." Journal of Neurosurgery 67, no. 5 (November 1987): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.5.0631.

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Анотація:

✓ With the announcement that Harvey Cushing is to be honored by a United States postage stamp in the Great American stamp series, the qualities that this remarkable man possessed are reviewed — artist, author, bibliophile, scientist, soldier, physician, and teacher. The events that led to Cushing becoming a neurosurgeon are summarized. The recognition by the United States Postal Service of physicians and others who have appeared on stamps that had some relationship to Cushing's activities is discussed. Based on the tradition of Harvey Cushing, eight guidelines are presented.

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25

Turgut, Seda, Muzaffer Ilhan, Rabia Soytas, Murat Alay, and Rumeyza Kazancioglu. "A Rare Entity in Cushing’s Disease: Severe Hypokalemia and Metabolic Alkalosis." Medical Science and Discovery 8, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v8i3.492.

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Анотація:

Introduction: This case report aimed to highlight the prominence of considering Cushing's disease in the differential diagnosis of severe hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Case Report: A 63-year-old woman who admitted to the emergency room of Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital, Istanbul with fatigue and severe weakness of extremities. Biochemistry results indicated severe hypokalemia (potassium=1.2 mmol/L) and metabolic alkalosis (pH= 7.83) and based on further endocrinological investigations, the final diagnosis of Cushing’s disease was confirmed, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a macroadenoma in the right lobe of the pituitary. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed and Cushing’s disease was cured without any treatment. Conclusions: Although hypokalemia can be present in Cushing’s disease, none of the previous studies have reported hypokalemia as severe as in this case.

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26

Pendleton, Courtney, Hasan A. Zaidi, George Jallo, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, and Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa. "Harvey Cushing's use of a transplanted human vein to treat hydrocephalus in an infant in the early 1900s." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 5, no. 5 (May 2010): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.12.peds09388.

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Анотація:

A review of the Johns Hopkins Hospital surgical records from 1896 to 1912 revealed a case from 1908 wherein Dr. Harvey Cushing attempted to treat hydrocephalus in a 4-month-old infant by constructing a shunt for which he used a venous segment harvested from the patient's father. Prior to this procedure, surgeons used shunts constructed from various often highly immunogenic materials. In addition to addressing the limitations of these materials, Cushing's technique allowed the inclusion of valves within the shunt, preventing the retrograde flow of CSF. Despite the success of this procedure in canine models, the child's postoperative death prevented an assessment of its success in a human. It is possible that Cushing's approach would meet with more success today, given the modern benefits of human leukocyte antigen tissue typing and immunosuppressant agents.

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27

Ferriere, Amandine, and Antoine Tabarin. "Cushing's disease." La Presse Médicale 50, no. 4 (December 2021): 104091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104091.

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28

Kelsall, Alan, and John Newell-Price. "Cushing's syndrome." Medicine 49, no. 8 (August 2021): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2021.05.006.

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29

Felicetta, James V. "Cushing's Syndrome." Postgraduate Medicine 86, no. 8 (December 1989): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1989.11704497.

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30

Newell-Price, John. "Cushing's syndrome." Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.8-2-204.

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31

Prague, J. K., S. May, and B. C. Whitelaw. "Cushing's syndrome." BMJ 346, mar27 3 (March 27, 2013): f945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f945.

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32

Stirling, W. Barr. "CUSHING'S SYNDROME1." British Journal of Urology 35, no. 4 (December 5, 2008): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1963.tb11752.x.

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33

Newell-Price, John. "Cushing's syndrome." Medicine 33, no. 11 (November 2005): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/medc.2005.33.11.11.

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34

Clayton, Laura H., and Kathy B. Dilley. "Cushing's Syndrome." American Journal of Nursing 98, no. 7 (July 1998): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199807000-00040.

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35

Norton, Jeffrey A., Michelle Li, Jennifer Gillary, and Hop N. Le. "Cushing's syndrome." Current Problems in Surgery 38, no. 7 (July 2001): A3–545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/msg.2001.114088.

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36

Orth, David N. "Cushing's Syndrome." New England Journal of Medicine 332, no. 12 (March 23, 1995): 791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199503233321207.

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37

Ellis, Harold. "Cushing's Clips." Journal of Perioperative Practice 17, no. 4 (April 2007): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890701700404.

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38

Lucretia, W. McClure. "Cushing's Way." Journal of Investigative Surgery 17, no. 4 (January 2004): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941930490480029.

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39

Newell-Price, John, Xavier Bertagna, Ashley B. Grossman, and Lynnette K. Nieman. "Cushing's syndrome." Lancet 367, no. 9522 (May 2006): 1605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68699-6.

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40

Munir, Alia, and John Newell-Price. "Cushing's syndrome." Medicine 37, no. 8 (August 2009): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2009.05.013.

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41

Daniel, Eleni, and John Newell-Price. "Cushing's syndrome." Medicine 41, no. 9 (September 2013): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.06.007.

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42

Daniel, Eleni, and John Newell-Price. "Cushing's syndrome." Medicine 45, no. 8 (August 2017): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.05.007.

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43

Boscaro, Marco, Luisa Barzon, Francesco Fallo, and Nicoletta Sonino. "Cushing's syndrome." Lancet 357, no. 9258 (March 2001): 783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04172-6.

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44

Giraldi, Francesca Pecori, Pietro Putignano, and Francesco Cavagnini. "Cushing's syndrome." Lancet 357, no. 9274 (June 2001): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)05212-0.

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45

Ioachimescu, Adriana G. "Cushing's Syndrome." Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 47, no. 2 (June 2018): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8529(18)30505-x.

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46

Elliott, W. J. "Cushing's Syndrome." Yearbook of Cardiology 2007 (January 2007): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-4145(08)70028-5.

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47

Lacroix, André, Richard A. Feelders, Constantine A. Stratakis, and Lynnette K. Nieman. "Cushing's syndrome." Lancet 386, no. 9996 (August 2015): 913–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61375-1.

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48

Howlett, T. A., L. H. Rees, and G. M. Besser. "Cushing's syndrome." Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism 14, no. 4 (November 1985): 911–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-595x(85)80083-9.

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49

Barnett, Richard. "Cushing's syndrome." Lancet 388, no. 10045 (August 2016): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31280-6.

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50

Trainer, Peter J., and Michael Besser. "Cushing's disease." Lancet 355, no. 9197 (January 2000): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)72009-2.

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