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1
Naiman, Daniel Q. "Conservative Confidence Bands in Curvilinear Regression." Annals of Statistics 14, no. 3 (September 1986): 896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176350040.
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Pereira, Dulce Gamito Santinhos, Paulo Canas Rodrigues, Iwona Mejza, Stanislaw Mejza, and João Tiago Mexia. "Analyzing genotype-by-environment interaction using curvilinear regression." Scientia Agricola 69, no. 6 (December 2012): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162012000600003.
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Marjoribanks, Kevin. "Sibling Dilution Hypothesis: A Regression Surface Analysis." Psychological Reports 89, no. 1 (August 2001): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.1.33.
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This study examined relationships between sibship size (the number of children in a family), birth order, and measures of academic performance, academic self-concept, and educational aspirations at different levels of family educational resources. As part of a national longitudinal study of Australian secondary school students data were collected from 2,530 boys and 2,450 girls in Years 9 and 10. Regression surfaces were constructed from models that included terms to account for linear, interaction, and curvilinear associations among the variables. Analysis suggests the general propositions (a) family educational resources have significant associations with children's school-related outcomes at different levels of sibling variables, the relationships for girls being curvilinear, and (b) sibling variables continue to have small significant associations with affective and cognitive outcomes, after taking into account variations in family educational resources. That is, the investigation provides only partial support for the sibling dilution hypothesis.
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Xie, Lei, Shaoping Qiu, and Xinyi Bian. "The curvilinear relationship between servant leadership and work-family conflict: the moderating role of age in Chinese female workers." Industrial and Commercial Training 53, no. 3 (June 8, 2021): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-12-2020-0114.
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Purpose Building on social exchange theory and selection, optimization and compensation theory, this study aims to examine a moderated curvilinear relationship between servant leadership (SL) and work-family conflict (WFC). Design/methodology/approach Participants were 329 female workers recruited from a Chinese small business in the service Industry. A three-step hierarchical regression was conducted to examine the relationships among the variables and the incremental contribution of SL and age and the squared term of SL. Findings Study results confirmed a curvilinear relationship between SL and WFC and the moderating effect of age. When younger female employees perceived a moderate range of SL from their supervisors, they reported higher WFC compared to the low or high level of perceived SL. On the contrary, senior female employees reported a lower level of WFC when they perceived a moderate level of SL than when they perceived very low or high levels. Originality/value SL research has experienced a period of exponential growth in the past decade. This study advanced the field of leadership by arguing that SL perceived by female employees is curvilinearly related to WFC and the curvilinear relationship is moderated by age.
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Marjoribanks, Kevin, and Mzobanzi Mboya. "Family Correlates of South African Students' Self-Concept: A Regression Surface Analysis." Psychological Reports 83, no. 1 (August 1998): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.163.
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This study examined relationships between family social status, perceptions of proximal family environment and students' self-concept scores. Data were collected from 189 female and 146 male 18-yr.-old South Africans. Regression surfaces were constructed from models that included terms to account for linear, interaction, and curvilinear associations among the variables. The study suggests the general propositions (a) family social status and proximal family environment combine to have large associations with students' general self-concept and small to medium associations with scores on measures of specific self-concept, (b) proximal family environment is related more strongly to self-concept scores than is family social status, (c) there are complex interaction and curvilinear relationships between family and self-concept scores, and (d) there are sex differences in the nature of the associations between family social status, proximal family environment, and students' self-concept.
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Marjoribanks, Kevin. "Perceptions of Family Environments, Educational and Occupational Outcomes: Social-Status Differences." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 1 (February 1988): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.1.3.
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Regression surface analysis was used to examine relations between various family environment measures and young adults' educational and occupational outcomes. Data were collected from 330 Australians as part of a 10-year longitudinal study. The regression models included terms to account for possible linear, interaction, and curvilinear relationships. In general, the analysis suggests the proposition that parents' aspirations and adolescents' perceptions of parents' support for learning have differential linear and curvilinear associations with the educational and occupational outcomes of young adults from different social-status groups.
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Choy, Youngdo, Solyoung Jung, Beomjun Park, Jin Hur, Sang ho Park, and Gi gab Yoon. "Study on the Prediction of Wind Power Outputs using Curvilinear Regression." KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18770/kepco.2016.02.04.627.
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Kahraman, S., M. Fener, and O. Gunaydin. "Predicting the sawability of carbonate rocks using multiple curvilinear regression analysis." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41, no. 7 (October 2004): 1123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.04.009.
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Miller, Nathan, and Frances Prevatt. "Redefining ADHD Using an Adult Population: Should Inattention be Viewed as a Separate Dimension From Cognitive and Physiological Activity Level?" Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 14 (October 6, 2017): 1977–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054717733045.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to reexamine the latent structure of ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) due to issues with construct validity. Two proposed changes to the construct include viewing hyperactivity and sluggishness (hypoactivity) as a single continuum of activity level, and viewing inattention as a separate dimension from activity level. Method: Data were collected from 1,398 adults using Amazon’s MTurk. A new scale measuring activity level was developed, and scores of Inattention were regressed onto scores of Activity Level using curvilinear regression. Results: The Activity Level scale showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, normality, and unimodality. Curvilinear regression indicates that a quadratic (curvilinear) model accurately explains a small but significant portion of the variance in levels of inattention. Conclusion: Hyperactivity and hypoactivity may be viewed as a continuum, rather than separate disorders. Inattention may have a U-shaped relationship with activity level. Linear analyses may be insufficient and inaccurate for studying ADHD.
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Chrosciewicz, Z. "Prediction of forest-floor moisture content on jack pine cutovers." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-033.
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Moisture contents of organic forest-floor materials were studied by strata on a clear-cut jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) site in relation to slash distribution and changes in both duff moisture code and fine fuel moisture code, the two weather-based components of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. The best-fitting curvilinear regression (Y = a + b/X) of the duff moisture code showed distinctive patterns of variation, so that both the surface and subsurface forest-floor strata were consistently moister under slash cover than in slash openings, and for each of these two slash conditions, the subsurface forest-floor strata were consistently moister than the surface strata. Combinations of these materials down to mineral soil showed intermediate moisture contents both in slash openings and under slash cover. The straight line regression (Y = a + bX) of the fine fuel moisture code was the best-fitting moisture content relationship for the surface forest-floor materials, but only in slash openings; under slash cover, the curvilinear regression (Y = a + b/X) of the duff moisture code was more suitable. The coefficients of correlation, r, as derived from these varied regressions, were all very highly significant at P < 0.001.
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Liu, Guangwu, Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui, Shazia Manzoor, Muhammad Naeem, and Douhadji Abalo. "On Curvilinear Regression Analysis via Newly Proposed Entropies for Some Benzene Models." Complexity 2022 (September 23, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4416647.
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To avoid exorbitant and extensive laboratory experiments, QSPR analysis, based on topological descriptors, is a very constructive statistical approach for analyzing the numerous physical and chemical properties of compounds. Therefore, we presented some new entropy measures which are based on the sum of the neighborhood degree of the vertices. Firstly, we made the partition of the edges of benzene derivatives which are based on the degree sum of neighboring vertices and then computed the neighborhood version of entropies. Secondly, we made use of the software SPSS for developing a correlation between newly introduced entropies and the physicochemical properties of benzene derivatives. Our obtained results demonstrated that the critical temperature C T , critical pressure C P , and critical volume C V can be predicted through fifth geometric arithmetic entropy, second S K entropy, and fifth N D entropy, respectively. Other remaining physical characteristics include Gibb’s energy qℰ , log P , molar refractivity ℳℛ , and Henry’s law ℋℒ that can be predicted by using sixth N D entropy.
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Shane, Scott. "Explaining the Distribution of Franchised and Company-Owned Outlets in Franchise Systems." Journal of Management 24, no. 6 (December 1998): 717–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639802400603.
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Agency theory research on franchising, to date, has posited linear effects of franchisor characteristics on the distribution of company-owned and franchised outlets in franchise systems. This study argues that many of these characteristics actually have curvilinear effects. Using pooled cross-sectional time series regression analysis on U.S. franchisors over the 1991-1994 period, this study tests the curvilinear effects of geographic dispersion, royalty rates, system growth rate, system size, franchise fee and initial investment on the proportion of outlets franchised.
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Song, Gi Ryung, and Kyoung Seok Kim. "Curvilinear relationship between experienced incivility and nontask behavior in Korean companies." Baltic Journal of Management 16, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 228–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-04-2020-0126.
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PurposeMost existing studies treat the relationship between experienced incivility and behavioral responses as linear. However, the current study examines the curvilinear relationships between experienced incivility and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and instigated incivility using conservation of resources (COR) theory and by referring to related studies that have identified typical positive and negative employee nontask behaviors. Furthermore, this study identifies turnover intention as a moderator of these curvilinear relationships.Design/methodology/approachAll samples were obtained from respondents working for Korean companies listed on the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (KOSDAQ); 228 samples were used for the analysis. A quadratic regression function was established to analyze the curved relationships according to hierarchical stages.FindingsOur analysis determined that a U-shaped curvilinear relationship exists between experienced incivility and OCB, and an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship exists between experienced and instigated incivility. However, the moderating effect of turnover intention is significant only in the relationship between experienced and instigated incivility.Originality/valueThis study exhibits three points of originality—first, by simultaneously considering two dependent variables as responses to experienced incivility and examining their response patterns; second, by using a curvilinear relationship model to investigate the relationship between experienced incivility and its dependent variables; and finally, by finding a moderator to the curved relationship.
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Yang, Xin, Jason Parton, Dwight Lewis, Ning Yang, and Matthew Hudnall. "Effects of Patient-Physician Relationship on Withholding Information Behavior and Its Trend: Findings From Health Information National Trends Survey 2011-2018." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): e16713. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16713.
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Background Patients’ withholding information from doctors can undermine medical treatment, create barriers for appropriate diagnoses, and increase systemic cost in health care systems. To date, there is limited literature detailing the association between trends of patients withholding information behavior (WIB) and the patient-physician relationship (PPR). Objective The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence trend of WIB after 2011 and examine the effects of PPR on WIB and its time trend. Methods A total of 5 iterations of data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (years: 2011-2018; n=11,954) were used to explore curvilinear trends of WIB among the US population. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine curvilinear time trends of WIB, effects of PPR on WIB, and moderation effects of PPR on the WIB time trend. Results The WIB prevalence has an increasing trend before 2014, which has the highest rate of 13.57%, and then it decreases after 2014 to 8.65%. The trend of WIB is curvilinear as the quadratic term in logistic regression model was statistically significant (P=.04; beta=−.022; SE=0.011; odds ratio [OR] 0.978, 95% CI 0.957-0.999). PPR is reversely associated with WIB (P<.001; beta=−.462; SE=0.097; OR 0.630, 95% CI 0.518-0.766) and has a significant moderation effect on time trends (P=.02; beta=−.06; SE=0.025; OR 0.941, 95% CI 0.896-0.989). In general, poor quality of PPR not only significantly increased the WIB probability but also postponed the change of point for WIB curvilinear trend. Conclusions Findings suggest that the time trend of WIB between 2011 and 2018 is curvilinear and moderated by the quality of the PPR. Given these results, providers may reduce WIB by improving PPR. More research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Ryding, Kristen E., and John R. Skalski. "Multivariate regression relationships between ocean conditions and early marine survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-177.
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Washington State hatcheries have released coded wire tagged coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) since the early 1970s and have recorded data on the number and ages of adult returns. From these data, we isolated marine survival from release to age 2 using a multinomial model incorporating the multivariate structure of the age-at-return data. Only hatcheries on or near the coast were used in the analysis in order to isolate marine effects. Using models to explore linear and curvilinear relationships, early marine survival was regressed against environmental covariates of sea surface temperature (SST), coastal upwelling, and the date of spring transitions. With hatcheries serving as replicates, curvilinear relationships were found between survival and both June SST and the date of spring transition. Maximum survival occurred for a June SST of 13.45°C and for a spring transition date around April 2. The regression results support the idea of optimal environmental conditions for coho salmon survival and may help fisheries managers better understand the dynamics of early marine survival of salmonids.
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Basińska, Beata Aleksandra, and Ewa Gruszczyńska. "Positivity and job burnout in emergency personnel: examining linear and curvilinear relationship." Polish Psychological Bulletin 48, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2017-0024.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between the ratio of job-related positive to negative emotions (positivity ratio) and job burnout is best described as linear or curvilinear. Participants were 89 police officers (12% women) and 86 firefighters. The positivity ratio was evaluated using the Job-related Affective Wellbeing Scale (Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector, & Kelloway, 2000). Exhaustion and disengagement, two components of job burnout, were measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (Demerouti, Mostert, & Bakker, 2010). The results of regression analysis revealed that curvilinear relationships between the positivity ratio and two components of job burnout appeared to better fit the data than linear relationships. The relationship between the positivity ratio and exhaustion was curvilinear with a curve point at around 2.1. A similar curvilinear relationship, but with a lower curve point, i.e., around 1.8, was observed for disengagement. It seems that beyond certain values there may be hidden costs of maintaining positive emotions at work. Also, the unequal curve points for subscales suggest that different dimensions of work-related functioning are variously prone to such costs.
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Dust, Scott, Joseph Rode, and Peng Wang. "Leader self-enhancement values: curvilinear and congruence effects." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 41, no. 5 (June 15, 2020): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-10-2019-0438.
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PurposeAssumptions regarding the effect of leader self-enhancement values on leader-follower relationships are oversimplified. To advance this conversation, we test non-linear and congruence effects. We hypothesize that leader self-enhancement values (via prestige) have an inverted U-shaped relationship with employee perceptions of leader-member exchange (LMX) and leader interpersonal justice, and that leader-follower incongruence is negatively related to LMX and interpersonal justice.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate our hypotheses we use hierarchical regression, polynomial regression, and surface plot analysis. Our sample consists of 193 leader-follower dyads from a variety of organizations.FindingsLMX and interpersonal justice increase as leader self-enhancement increases, but begin to decrease at higher levels of self-enhancement values. Additionally, leader-follower self-enhancement incongruence is negatively related to interpersonal justice. Finally, LMX is lowest when leaders are higher than followers in self-enhancement values compared to when followers are higher than leaders.Practical implicationsIt is critical to evaluate the level of leader self-enhancement values and/or the joint influence of the follower values (self-enhancement) to fully understand the effect of leader values on follower perceptions of the dyadic relationship. Organizations interested in facilitating high-quality leader-follower relationships should focus on the levels of the values and on mechanisms that facilitate leader-follower value alignment.Originality/valueThis work extends prior research assuming a direct, linear effect of leader self-enhancement values on follower outcomes. To fully understand the influence of leader values it is important to consider curvilinear and congruence effects.
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Golden, Timothy D., and John F. Veiga. "The Impact of Extent of Telecommuting on Job Satisfaction: Resolving Inconsistent Findings." Journal of Management 31, no. 2 (April 2005): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206304271768.
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Although popular management wisdom has suggested that telecommuting enhances job satisfaction, research has found both positive and negative relationships. In this study, the authors attempt to resolve these inconsistent findings by hypothesizing a curvilinear, inverted U-shaped relationship between the extent of telecommuting and job satisfaction. Using hierarchical regression analysis on a sample of 321 professional-level employees, their findings suggest a curvilinear link between extent of telecommuting and job satisfaction, with satisfaction appearing to plateau at more extensive levels of telecommuting. In addition, task interdependence and job discretion moderated this link, suggesting that some job attributes play an important, contingent role.
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Thomas, Adrian, Jerry K. Palmer, and Jack M. Feldman. "Examination and Measurement of Halo Via Curvilinear Regression: A New Approach to Halo1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39, no. 2 (February 2009): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00441.x.
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Yang, L. J., R. S. Chandel, and M. J. Bibby. "An analysis of curvilinear regression equations for modeling the submerged-arc welding process." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 37, no. 1-4 (February 1993): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(93)90121-l.
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Bin, Devin, Keo Mony Sok, Phyra Sok, and Sonariddh Mao. "The tipping point: mitigating the curvilinear effect of frontline service employee's perception of leadership humility on frontline service performance." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 31, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-06-2020-0110.
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PurposePrior studies have mainly advanced the understanding of a linear relationship between leadership humility and employee work outcomes, mediated and/or moderated by various individual, team and organizational variables. This study attempts to advance prior knowledge by investigating a potential curvilinear relationship between leadership humility and frontline service employee (FSE) performance and the role of FSE's psychological capital (PsyCap) in attenuating this curvilinear relationship.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were drawn from a survey sample of 273 FSEs working in the hospitality industry of the United States of America. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results uncover the existence of a tipping point in the relationship between leader humility and FSE performance; that is, humble behaviors expressed by leaders positively influence FSE performance up to the tipping point beyond which FSE performance starts to diminish. However, this curvilinear effect is attenuated when FSE's PsyCap is high but not when it is low.Practical implicationsThe findings provide service managers with insights into the importance of balancing their humble behaviors to yield optimal FSE performance. Furthermore, the paper points to the need for FSE's PsyCap cultivation within service firms so that FSEs are less dependent on their supervisors and can deliver highly satisfactory results.Originality/valueThis research is one of the very first to investigate the curvilinear relationship between leader humility and FSE performance and the moderating role of PsyCap in attenuating the curvilinear effect.
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Samantha, Gunathilaka, and Gamini Premaratne. "Exploring Curvilinear Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 1, no. 3 (August 5, 2013): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2013.1.3(3).
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Objective - The vital role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on firm performance has been widely studied in developed countries. Most studies have found a positive linear relationship between EO and firm performance. However, the empirical findings are inconclusive. According to the recent literature, one possible reason for these inconsistent findings may be the nature of the relationship between EO and firm performance is not linear as assumed by many researchers. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between EO and firm performance and specially to determine the best representation is whether linear or curvilinear. Methodology/Technique - This study utilizes a sample of 580 small medium enterprises (SME's) from two provinces in Sri Lanka and hierarchical regression analyses was employed for analyzing the relationships. Findings - Findings demonstrate anS-shape curvilinear relationship between EO and firm performance in the context of SME's in Sri Lanka. Type of Paper - Empirical Paper Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation; Firm Performance; Small Medium Enterprises; Curvilinear Relationship.
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Xia, Qing, Shumin Yan, Yuliang Zhang, and Baizhu Chen. "The curvilinear relationship between knowledge leadership and knowledge hiding." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 40, no. 6 (August 1, 2019): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-10-2018-0362.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the curvilinear relationship between knowledge leadership and knowledge hiding and the moderating role of psychological ownership on influencing the curvilinear relationship. Design/methodology/approach In total, 403 data were collected from participants in a high-technology company via a two-wave survey. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings Results revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between knowledge leadership and knowledge hiding. The employees exhibited more knowledge hiding in a moderate level of knowledge leadership than in lower and higher levels of knowledge leadership. Moreover, psychological ownership significantly moderated the curvilinear relationship such that the inverted U-shaped relationship was more pronounced among employees with high psychological ownership. Practical implications Employees’ reaction to knowledge leadership may vary from different levels of knowledge leadership. Moreover, organizations should boost employees’ psychological ownership especially for the collective identity that helps them own knowledge as “ours.” Originality/value This study extends both the leadership and knowledge management behavior literatures.
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Barrows, Ricky, and Tony Lawrence. "Further evidence for a curvilinear relationship between religiousness and death anxiety." Transpersonal Psychology Review 14, no. 1 (2010): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpstran.2010.14.1.16.
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Using the newly-constructed Post-Critical Belief Scale (Duriec, Soenens & Hutsebaut, 2005) and the Revised Death Anxiety Scale (Thorson & Powell, 1994) an opportunity sample of 216 parlicipanls (44 males and 172 females) took part in a survey study to examine the relationship between religiosity, open/closed mindedness and death anxiety. Preliminary data screening revealed significant differences between males and females on mean levels of religiousness and open/closed mindedness. Therefore, to avoid biases in regression estimates, due to heterogeneous subsamples, the male and female subsamples were analysed separately in the main regression analyses. Regression analyses for both the subsamples clearly showed that there was a consistent curvilinear trend in the relationship between religiousness and death anxiety. Similar subsample based analyses showed no relationship between the open/close mindedness dimension of the Post-Critical Beliefs Scale and death anxiety for either males or females. These results support the suspicions of Leming (1979-1980) that the many studies showing a linear trend between religiousness and death anxiety have been biased by restrictions in the range of scores on religiousness, and that the true relationship between religiousness and death anxiety is curvilinear.
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Schmitt, Antje, Sandra Ohly, and Nina Kleespies. "Time Pressure Promotes Work Engagement." Journal of Personnel Psychology 14, no. 1 (May 27, 2015): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000119.
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Based on activation theory and appraisal theory, this study examines the curvilinear relationship between time pressure and work engagement. Further, we argue that this curvilinear relation holds only if time pressure is not induced by unreasonable or unnecessary tasks. We tested our hypotheses in a heterogeneous sample of 191 employees. Results of moderated hierarchical multiple regression analyses provide evidence for an inverted U-shape relation between time pressure and work engagement. Our findings show that the motivating effect of a moderate level of time pressure holds only when employees are assigned to tasks with a low unreasonability rating. Our findings have implications for research on antecedents of work engagement and the job demands-resources model.
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Xu, Yang, Zhigang Wen, Kaili Deng, Ran Li, Qing Yu, and Su-Mei Xiao. "Relationships of sex hormones with muscle mass and muscle strength in male adolescents at different stages of puberty." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): e0260521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260521.
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This study analysed the associations of sex steroids with fat-free mass (FFM) and handgrip strength in 641 Chinese boys. Serum total testosterone (TT) and oestradiol were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Free testosterone (FT) and oestradiol were calculated. FFM and handgrip strength were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and a hand dynamometer, respectively. Generalised additive models and multiple linear regression were used to explore the relationships. A subgroup analysis was conducted in early-mid pubertal and late-post pubertal groups. Age, height, weight, physical activity, intake of dietary protein and/or stage of puberty were adjusted. TT and FT were positively related to FFM and handgrip strength, with a curvilinear relationship being detected for handgrip strength (p<0.050). This curvilinear relationship was only observed in the late-post pubertal group, suggesting a potential threshold effect (FT>11.99ng/dL, β = 1.275, p = 0.039). In the early-mid pubertal group, TT and/or FT were linearly or near-linearly related to FFM or handgrip strength (β = 0.003–0.271, p<0.050). The association between FT and FFM was stronger than that in the late-post pubertal group. This study found that serum T had different associations with muscle parameters in Chinese early-mid pubertal and late-post pubertal boys. In the late-post pubertal boys, serum T was curvilinearly related to muscle strength with a threshold effect and its link with muscle mass was weaker.
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Maqbool, Shafat, and Abu Bakr. "The curvilinear relationship between corporate social performance and financial performance." Journal of Global Responsibility 10, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-11-2018-0060.
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Purpose The relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance (FP) has bourgeoned widespread debate among researchers. In recent years, the debate has explored more dynamic links, one of which is the curvilinear relationship, between CSR and FP. This paper aims to empirically test the curvilinear relationship between CSR and FP in the context of Indian companies. Design/methodology/approach This paper empirically tests the curvilinear relationship between CSR and FP in the context of Indian companies. The study used a panel data of 43 listed companies over a period of ten years from 2008 to 2017. A correlation and panel regression were carried out to examine the possible link. Findings The findings demonstrate that a curvilinear relationship exists between CSR and FP, suggesting that two long competing viewpoints may be complementary. Research limitations/implications The study mainly focuses on top companies, so the generalizations of results to other small companies are unwanted. Practical implications An immediate managerial implication of the findings suggests that to serve the interests of the shareholders, a long-run planning and considerable resources should be dedicated at this direction, given that CSR expenditure does not pay off immediately. Originality/value In the Indian context, very few studies have analyzed the linkages between CSR and FP. Using an improved and distinctive approach, the study empirically tests the relationship between CSR and FP from non-linear perspective.
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Pirk, Norbert, Mikhail Mastepanov, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Magnus Lund, Patrick Crill, and Torben R. Christensen. "Calculations of automatic chamber flux measurements of methane and carbon dioxide using short time series of concentrations." Biogeosciences 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2016): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-903-2016.
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Abstract. The closed chamber technique is widely used to measure the exchange of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from terrestrial ecosystems. There is, however, large uncertainty about which model should be used to calculate the gas flux from the measured gas concentrations. Due to experimental uncertainties the simple linear regression model (first-order polynomial) is often applied, even though theoretical considerations of the technique suggest the application of other, curvilinear models. High-resolution automatic chamber systems which sample gas concentrations several hundred times per flux measurement make it possible to resolve the curvilinear behavior and study the information imposed by the natural variability of the temporal concentration changes. We used more than 50 000 such flux measurements of CH4 and CO2 from five field sites located in peat-forming wetlands ranging from 56 to 78° N to quantify the typical differences between flux estimates of different models. In addition, we aimed to assess the curvilinearity of the concentration time series and test the general applicability of curvilinear models. Despite significant episodic differences between the calculated flux estimates, the overall differences are generally found to be smaller than the local flux variability on the plot scale. The curvilinear behavior of the gas concentrations within the chamber is strongly influenced by wind-driven chamber leakage, and less so by changing gas concentration gradients in the soil during chamber closure. Such physical processes affect both gas species equally, which makes it possible to isolate biochemical processes affecting the gases differently, such as photosynthesis limitation by chamber headspace CO2 concentrations under high levels of incoming solar radiation. We assess the possibility to exploit this effect for a partitioning of the net CO2 flux into photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration as an example of how high-resolution automatic chamber measurements could be used for purposes beyond the estimation of the net gas flux. This shows that while linear and curvilinear calculation schemes can provide similar net fluxes, only curvilinear models open additional possibilities for high-resolution automatic chamber measurements.
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Deng, Xiao, Bo Gao, and Lei Chen. "Support while control: the influence of embeddedness on virtual community participation." Library Hi Tech 38, no. 3 (June 17, 2019): 625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-09-2018-0133.
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PurposeExploring the antecedents of members community participation is extremely important for virtual communities (VCs) research and practice. As an important social characteristic of individuals, social embeddedness has been proved as an important antecedent of many individual behaviors; however, few research has investigated the influence of virtual community members social embeddedness on virtual community members’ participation. To fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between social embeddedness and community participation in VCs.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducted empirical study to test the hypotheses. Based on existing scales, this research designed the questionnaire and used a web-based survey to collect the data from VCs in China. To avoid the common method bias, this study collected data at two different times. The final sample included 96 virtual community members from seven communities (community size ranging from 10 to 25) of Baidu Tieba, which is the largest Chinese online communication platform. And this paper used regression models to analysis the data.FindingsBased on social network theory, this paper found that virtual community members’ social embeddedness in their virtual community has a curvilinear (i.e. inverted U-shaped) effect on their community participation behaviors. And members’ perceived autonomy mediates the curvilinear (i.e. reversed U-shaped) relationship between social network embeddedness and community participation. Furthermore, member instability moderates the curvilinear (i.e. inverted U-shaped) main effect, such that the curvilinear relationship is weakened when member instability is high.Originality/valueDeparting from previous virtual community studies that examine antecedences of participation in linear logic, this study applied social network theory to create a complex, curvilinear, moderated mediation model. The result reveals a curvilinear (i.e. inverted U-shaped) relationship between virtual community members’ social embeddedness in the virtual community and their community participation. And this study also introduce autonomy as mediator and member instability as moderator. By testing the whole model between community members’ social embeddedness and community participation, this study contributes to deepen the understanding of social embeddedness and virtual community participation.
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SEVAK DAS, VYAS PANDEY, H. R. PATEL, and K. I. PATEL. "Effect of weather parameters on pest-disease of okra during summer season in middle Gujarat." Journal of Agrometeorology 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v13i1.1331.
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To assess the impact of weather on pest-disease of okra, a field experiment was conducted in summer season 2009 in split plot design with five dates of sowing (D1 -15th February, D2 -1st March, D3 -15th March, D4 -1st April and D5 -15th April) and two spraying levels (S0-control, S1-spraying) at Agronomy Farm of B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The results revealed that the infestation of pests and diseases was higher in delayed sowing as compared to early sowing resulting reduction in yield by 44.4%. Different weather parameters were found to have different effect on various pests and diseases. The correlation study revealed that the Tmax had significant influence on jassid population while relative humidity had significant influence on aphid population. The whitefly, percent fruit damage and YVMV disease were significantly influenced by most of the parameters. However, bright sunshine hours (BSS) and pan evaporation (EP) did not have significant influence on any of the pests and disease of okra. Linear simple regression models, multiple regression models and curvilinear regression models developed with various weather parameters. Among all models, the curvilinear regression model using GDD was found well fitted in order to explaining the maximum extent of variability (83** to 98**%) in the population and intensity of most of the pests and disease except whitefly which was well explained by linear regression developed with VPmean (R2 0.88**).
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I. Wong Humborstad, Sut, Christina G.L. Nerstad, and Anders Dysvik. "Empowering leadership, employee goal orientations and work performance." Personnel Review 43, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 246–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-01-2012-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible curvilinear relationship between empowering leadership and individual in-role and extra-role work performance and the potential moderating role of individual goal orientations. Design/methodology/approach – Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted based on data from 655 certified accountants. Leaders' empowering behavior was measured using Ahearne et al.'s scale. Mastery and performance goal orientations were measured using items from VandeWalle. In-role work performance was measured via a ten-item scale developed and used by Kuvaas and Dysvik. Organizational citizenship behavior was measured using items validated by Van Dyne and LePine. Findings – Too little empowerment might have a negative or limited impact – or none at all – on individual in-role and extra-role work performance. In addition, individual mastery orientation positively moderates these curvilinear relationships. Research limitations/implications – Empowering leadership-employee performance relationships are not necessarily linear. The present study provides an alternative explanation to the somewhat inconsistent findings in the current literature. Practical implications – Due to the curvilinear nature of empowering leadership, leaders should not just casually adopt this leadership style but ensure that they implement it at high levels with clear clarification of the goals and work roles. Originality/value – Even though empowering leadership is important to individual performance, scant research has explored whether and when empowering leadership could be detrimental. This study provides an additional view to empowerment research by examining the potential curvilinear influence of empowering leadership.
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Almedeij, Jaber. "Modeling Pan Evaporation for Kuwait by Multiple Linear Regression." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/574742.
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Evaporation is an important parameter for many projects related to hydrology and water resources systems. This paper constitutes the first study conducted in Kuwait to obtain empirical relations for the estimation of daily and monthly pan evaporation as functions of available meteorological data of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The data used here for the modeling are daily measurements of substantial continuity coverage, within a period of 17 years between January 1993 and December 2009, which can be considered representative of the desert climate of the urban zone of the country. Multiple linear regression technique is used with a procedure of variable selection for fitting the best model forms. The correlations of evaporation with temperature and relative humidity are also transformed in order to linearize the existing curvilinear patterns of the data by using power and exponential functions, respectively. The evaporation models suggested with the best variable combinations were shown to produce results that are in a reasonable agreement with observation values.
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Bhandarkar, Ritesh, and Ajit Shah. "Association of General Population Suicide Rates with Fertility Rates: A Test of Fertility as a Measure of Social Integration." Psychological Reports 103, no. 3 (December 2008): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.3.812-818.
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A negative correlation between societal suicide rates and social integration has been reported using data within individual countries; however, this has rarely been examined cross-nationally. The relation of general population suicide rates with fertility rates across 75 countries was examined for data from the World Health Organization and the United Nations. Social integration has been defined as the extent to which members of society are bound together in social relationships, and higher fertility rates, reflecting greater vigour and unity of the family, serve as a proxy measure of social integration. Multiple regression analysis indicated that general population suicide rates in males and females were independently correlated with fertility rates. The relation of general population suicide rates with fertility rates was also curvilinear (U-shaped curve). Explanation of the observed curvilinear relationship requires further study.
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Toornstra, A., P. P. M. Hurks, W. Van der Elst, K. Massar, G. Kok, and L. M. G. Curfs. "Measuring Goal Setting in School-Aged Children: Studying the Effects of Demographic Variables in Regression-Based Norms." Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology 6, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40817-020-00081-8.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to establish demographically representative norms for tasks measuring goal setting, and more specifically planning and reasoning in children. Three tasks were administered to n = 195 Ukrainian children aged 5.10 to 14.5 years old: the Spatial Working Memory (SWM), the Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) test, and the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT). Main outcome per test was accuracy: i.e., the total number correct for the SOC and NNAT, and the total amount of incorrect responses for the SWM. Correlations among accuracy measures varied from − 0.51 to 0.60, indicating these tasks measure related but at the same time unique constructs. Higher age was associated with more accurate test performances on all outcome measures. On the NNAT, we found a curvilinear association between age and accuracy, indicating that younger children’s NNAT accuracy scores increased more with age compared with older children. We found a cubic age effect on accuracy for the SWM and SOC: i.e., test scores were relatively stable at younger and older ages, with a curvilinear increase in test scores in the other age groups. Demographically corrected norms were calculated and presented per test. These indicated that sex was not associated with accuracy scores on any of the tests. Last, a higher level of parental education (LPE) was associated with higher accuracy scores, but only on the NNAT. We conclude that demographic variables in norm analyses enhance insight in the scores and allow for application in clinical settings and research.
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Zheng, Xingshan, Tomas Thundiyil, Ryan Klinger, and Andrew T. Hinrichs. "Curvilinear relationships between role clarity and supervisor satisfaction." Journal of Managerial Psychology 31, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-06-2013-0175.
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Purpose – Utilizing attribution theory, the purpose of this paper is to propose a more nuanced theoretical understanding of role clarity – supervisor satisfaction trajectories. The authors also identify leadership characteristics that moderate these trajectories: supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) and interpersonal justice. Design/methodology/approach – In this field study, survey responses were collected from 334 employees. Data were submitted to hierarchical polynomial regression. Findings – The impact of too much role clarity was dependent on the level of interpersonal justice and SDF. When these moderators were high, too much role clarity had a decremental effect on supervisor satisfaction. When these moderatos were low, high role clarity was depicted by an asymptotic trajectory. Research limitations/implications – Cross-sectional data were collected from a single source. Future research might attempt to replicate findings using longitudinal designs and multiple data sources. Proposed mediating mechanisms might be measured and incorporated into tests of the theoretical models. Practical implications – When managing employee role clarity, more is not always better. Decision makers should examine supervisor-subordinate characteristics to predict employee responses to increased levels of role clarity. Even under optimal conditions, one should expect decreasing marginal returns from role clarity interventions. Originality/value – This is the first study to explore nonlinear relationships between role clarity and supervisor satisfaction. This is also the first study to explore moderators of role clarity trajectories.
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Xie, Jun, Qihai Huang, Hongli Wang, and Minghao Shen. "Perish in gossip? Nonlinear effects of perceived negative workplace gossip on job performance." Personnel Review 49, no. 2 (November 21, 2019): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-10-2018-0400.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the curvilinear relationship between perceived negative workplace gossip and target employee’s task performance, and the moderating roles of perceived organizational support (POS). Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 275 supervisor–subordinate dyads in a two-wave survey, the authors adopted a hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Findings The results revealed that there is a U-shaped relationship between perceived negative workplace gossip and task performance. Moreover, POS moderated the curvilinear relationship such that the curvilinear relationship is more pronounced among those with lower POS. Research limitations/implications This study does not explore the mediating mechanism of how perceived negative gossip affects the target’s task performance. Moreover, as this research was conducted in a Chinese context, the question of the generalizability of the findings calls for more attention. Practical implications When the negative gossip is still in its early stages, managers should realize the potential threat to target employees and take measures to stop and minimize negative gossiping and rumormongering. Furthermore, managers should do their best to find the optimal levels of organizational support for target employees. Originality/value This study is among the first effort to understand how perceived negative gossip can influence the target employees’ performance by proposing and demonstrating a nonlinear relationship. Moreover, by illuminating how POS plays a role in the curvilinear relationship between negative gossip and task performance, the authors not only complement but also extend the literature on workplace gossip and organizational support.
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Hsiao, Yung-Chang, and Ming-Ho Wu. "How organizational structure and strategic alignment influence new product success." Management Decision 58, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 182–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2017-0628.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and re-examine the role of the organization-level determinants from the perspectives of competence-based views. Design/methodology/approach Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 80 cases drawn from a population of the top 5,000 Taiwanese firms listed in the yearbook published by the China Credit Information Service Incorporation. Findings The empirical results indicate that formalization is positively related to new product performance while decentralization has an inverse U-shaped curvilinear effect on new product performance. Furthermore, the regression findings also indicate that market-oriented strategy negatively moderates the relationship between formalization and new product performance, while technology-oriented strategy positively moderates the curvilinear relationship between decentralization and new product performance. Originality/value Extant literatures have paid attention to investigating the determinants to the performance of the new product development, but some of the results, such as in the organizational levels, are confusing and mixed. Contrary to previous works, the purpose of this paper is to review and re-examine the role of the organization levels determinants from the perspectives of competence-based view.
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Seo, Ribin. "Entrepreneurial orientation and innovation performance: insights from Korean ventures." European Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 4 (August 14, 2019): 675–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-01-2019-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the curvilinear relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and innovation performance in ventures of Korea, where this topic has been unexplored. Design/methodology/approach This study used 1,837 ventures’ responses in a panel data of the 2015 Korea’s Venture Business Investigation Survey. The measurements of EO based on the Miller/Covin and Slevin scale were used from the survey. The author adopted and independently measured three different indicators of innovation performance: technology innovation, product innovation and sales growth. Findings The results of the regression analysis show the significant curvilinear relationships of EO with technology innovation and product innovation, while the relationship between EO and sales growth remains linear. The author also found that multiplicative EO construct explains the changes in R2 better than the summative EO construct for the improvement of innovations in technology and product. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence on the EO–innovation performance relationships from Korean ventures – an underexplored area of research. It also takes into account the curvilinear relationships of summative and multiplicative EO constructs with different performance indicators. Future research can benefit from the use of the multiplicative EO estimation and multiple performance indicators to capture a clearer picture of the causal relationships.
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Shah, A. "The possible evidence for an epidemiological transition hypothesis for elderly suicides." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161020999130x.
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ABSTRACTBackground: An epidemiological transition hypothesis has been developed to explain simultaneously wide cross-national variations in elderly suicide rates, trends over time for elderly suicide rates and age-associated trends in suicides rates. This speculative hypothesis suggests that there is a curvilinear (inverted U-shaped curve) relationship between elderly suicide rates and socioeconomic status fitting the quadratic equation y = a + bx − cx2 (where y is the suicide rate, x is the socioeconomic status, and a, b and c are constants).Methods: The predicted curvilinear relationship between elderly suicide rates and gross national domestic product (GDP), a measure of socioeconomic status, fitting the above quadratic equation was examined with a curve estimation regression model using data from the World Health Organization.Results: The relationship between suicide rates in both sexes in the age-bands 65–74 and 75+ years and the GDP was curvilinear (inverted U-shaped curve) and fitted the above quadratic equation, and was statistically significant (at least p<0.05) in all four groups.Conclusions: Caution should be exercised in accepting this model of the epidemiological transition hypothesis for elderly suicide rates because it is generated from cross-sectional data using an ecological design. Ideally, this model requires rigorous testing by following selected countries of low socioeconomic status over time as they develop socioeconomically.
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Bang, Hojin, and Jong Gyu Park. "The Double-Edged Sword of Task Conflict: Its Impact on Team Performance." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 5 (June 13, 2015): 715–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.5.715.
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We investigated the relationship between task conflict and team performance, taking into account the interaction effects of job demand. Participants were 5,579 employees in 153 teams at a South Korean manufacturing company. We found a statistically significant curvilinear relationship between task conflict and actual team performance; however, the relationship between task conflict and perceived team performance was negative and linear. Through response surface analysis, we also found that task conflict positively predicted actual team performance when job demand was high, whereas it had a negative effect when job demand was low. We performed response surface analysis of the results of polynomial regression, because we had speculated that those relationships could be essentially curvilinear. However, results showed no interaction effect of task conflict and job demand in predicting perceived team performance. Thus, task conflict may function as a double-edged sword in terms of team performance.
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Koc, Gokhan. "Analyzing the social factors affecting aviation development in countries by creating a mixed curvilinear regression model." Pressacademia 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2021.1381.
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Nam, Taewoo. "Does E-Government Raise Effectiveness and Efficiency?" Journal of Global Information Management 27, no. 3 (July 2019): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2019070107.
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This article examines the influence of e-government maturity on government effectiveness and efficiency with a cross-country view. To that end, it uses two-stage least square regression, considering the endogeneity of e-government. The regression-based analysis on various global indicators finds that e-government significantly contributes to enhancing government effectiveness but fails to substantially raise government efficiency. Political, economic, and cultural disparities across countries affect the variation in the impact of e-government on government effectiveness and efficiency. The level of democracy has a curvilinear relationship with government efficiency, and thus this study identifies non-democracies with well-performing governments.
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Khan, Abdul Rauf, Nadeem ul Hassan Awan, Muhammad Usman Ghani, Sayed M. Eldin, Hanen Karamti, Ahmed H. Jawhari, and Yousef E. Mukhrish. "Fundamental Aspects of Skin Cancer Drugs via Degree-Based Chemical Bonding Topological Descriptors." Molecules 28, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 3684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093684.
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Due to significant advancements being made in the field of drug design, the use of topological descriptors remains the primary approach. When combined with QSPR models, descriptors illustrate a molecule’s chemical properties numerically. Numbers relating to chemical composition topological indices are structures that link chemical composition to physical characteristics. This research concentrates on the analysis of curvilinear regression models and degree-based topological descriptors for thirteen skin cancer drugs. The physicochemical characteristics of the skin cancer drugs are examined while regression models are built for computed index values. An analysis is performed for several significant results based on the acquired data.
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Tiantian, Xian, Zhang Zhenduo, Xiao Huan, Xiu Jing, and Jia Wentong. "The Curvilinear Relationship Between Job Control and Voice: Role of Emotional Resistance to Change and Supervisor Developmental Feedback." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211027960.
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The purpose of this study was to delve into the underlying mechanism and contextual boundary condition of the U-shaped relationship between job control and voice at the episode level within the framework of conservation of resources theory. Adopting a two-wave experience sampling method, this study collected 265 matched cases nested in 53 Chinese employees for 5 consecutive days. By hierarchical linear regression, the U-shaped effect of job control on voice at the episode level was replicated. Furthermore, the mediating role of emotional resistance (ER) to change and to the moderating role of supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) was examined. Job control has a U-shaped effect on day-level voice and an inverted U-shaped effect on trait ER, which mediates the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice. Daily SDF moderates the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice such that daily SDF buffers the negative relationship between low job control and day-level voice, as well as amplifies the positive relationship between high job control and day-level voice. The current study unveils the mediating states and contextual boundary conditions of the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice by testing the mediating role of ER and moderating role of SDF at the episode level, thereby further contributing to the literature on voice.
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Konsler, T. R., and J. E. Shelton. "Lime and Phosphorus Effects on American Ginseng: I. Growth, Soil Fertility, and Root Tissue Nutrient Status Response." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 4 (July 1990): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.4.570.
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Soil applications of dolomitic limestone and P fertilizer before seeding American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) affected root weight (RW) gain during the first 4 years of growth. At the end of each growing season, root size was greatest with the intermediate liming rate and with the high P rate. Lime resulted in positive linear responses in soil pH, K, Ca, and Mg and in root N, P, Ca, and Mg and curvilinear responses in soil Mn and Zn and in root K, Mn, and Zn. Applied P had a positive linear effect on soil Na and on root N, Ca, and Fe and a curvilinear effect on soil P and on root P and Ca. Terminal RW was positively correlated with soil pH, K, Ca, Mg, and Na and with root P, K, Ca, and Mg; RW was negatively correlated with root Mn and Zn. Regression analyses implicated only soil Ca and Na and root Mg and Zn as significant terms in prediction equations,
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BARANOWSKI, MACIEJ. "On the role of social factors in the loss of phonemic distinctions." English Language and Linguistics 17, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 271–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674313000038.
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The article tests the generalisation of the curvilinear hypothesis and the tendency of females to lead linguistic change in vocalic mergers on the basis of two mergers currently in progress in Charleston, South Carolina: the low-back merger and thepin–penmerger. It is based on sociolinguistic interviews with 100 informants, aged 8–90, covering the socioeconomic spectrum of the city. The speech of 90 of the informants is analysed acoustically; it is supplemented with minimal-pair tests and word list reading. F1/F2 measurements and minimal-pair test results are subjected to a series of multiple linear regression analyses, with social class, gender, age and style as independent variables. While the low-back merger is a change from below showing a female lead and a curvilinear effect of social class, thepin–penmerger shows a decreasing monotonic relationship with social class and no female advantage. The difference is argued to be due to the two mergers being at different levels of social awareness.
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Startup, Mike. "Insight and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: evidence for a curvilinear relationship." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 6 (November 1996): 1277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170003600x.
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SynopsisBoth motivational and defect theories have been offered to explain variations in insight among schizophrenic individuals but the results of tests of these theories have been inconclusive and inconsistent. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that both motivation and cognitive deficits affect insight, with a trade-off between the two processes, giving rise to quadratic relationships between insight and cognitive deficits. Twenty-six schizophrenic patients completed battery of neuropsychological tests and participated in an interview designed to assess insight. In a multiple regression analysis predicting test results from insight scores, the linear component was non-significant while the quadratic component accounted for a highly significant 56% of the variance. Theoretical and clinical implications of this result are discussed briefly.
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CHOWDHURY, A. "Effect of weather on rice crop in Bhandara district. A curvilinear approach." MAUSAM 42, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v42i3.3237.
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Curvilinear technique has been applied to rice crop in Bhandara district (Maharashtra) to examine effects of rainfall, maximum temperature and relative humidity. Partial regression curves for estimating the rice yield by taking into account the .combined effect of these three factors have been worked out. It is observed that during the period of active growth rainfall is the most significant factor followed by maximum temperature and relative humidity in that order. The optimum value of total rainfall during the active growth phase was found as 1000 mm and those for maximum temperature and relative humidity as 30.5° C and 81% respectively.
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KALBARCZYK, Eliza, Robert KALBARCZYK, and Beata RASZKA. "Risk to Onion (Allium cepa L.) Field Cultivation in Poland from Precipitation Deficiency." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 2 (November 21, 2011): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3926351.
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The onion is the most common vegetable cultivated in Poland and yield is marked by high year to year variability. The yield quantity is predominantly affected by variable meteorological conditions, especially by precipitation deficiency. Data were collected from the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management for the period 1966-2005 to evaluate the effect of precipitation conditions on the yield of onions (Allium cepa L.) cultivated in Poland using multiple regression analysis. Verification of the curvilinear regression equation was conducted on the basis of relative forecast error and average relative forecast error. For this equation the ARFE amounted to 9.6%. The threshold precipitation value, i.e. the value at which reduction by at least 5% of the total yield occurs, was determined by curvilinear regression. Reduction of potential yield caused by precipitation deficiency and the frequency of precipitation deficiency were determined. Reductions of at least 5% in the average domestic onion yield in Poland occurred when atmospheric precipitation was ? 183 mm. This level of precipitation constituted 87% of the norm and took place in the period between the end of emergence to the beginning of leaf bending. Potential reduction in onion yield in Poland caused by precipitation deficiency in this period varied between 9 and 18%. In Poland, the frequency of atmospheric precipitation deficiency between 1966 to 2005 varied from 10% in the south-east to 50% in the central west and north west. The average frequency of atmospheric precipitation deficiency amounted to about 37%.
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Saunders, Glen, Steven McLeod, and Barry Kay. "Degradation of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in buried fox baits." Wildlife Research 27, no. 2 (2000): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99031.
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The degradation of 1080 in buried Foxoff® baits was investigated. Baits were exposed to 5 different treatments: shelf-stored controls, prevailing weather, no rainfall, average weekly rainfall and twice average weekly rainfall. Curvilinear regression models were used to model the rates of decay of 1080. These predicted that under normal rainfall conditions, baits would become non-lethal to working dogs at 2.2 weeks and foxes at 2.8 weeks. Management implications of these results are discussed.