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1
Hayat, Umer, Haiwen Qin, Jiaqiang Zhao, Muhammad Akram, Juan Shi, and Zou Ya. "Variation in the potential distribution of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) globally and in Pakistan under current and future climatic conditions." Plant Protection Science 57, No. 2 (March 1, 2021): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2020-pps.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous moth species that mainly damages various crops and ornamental plants. This widely distributed pest is particularly a nuisance in Pakistan where it damages many crops, e.g., wheat and vegetables. To assess the risk of damage by this moth, we used the CLIMEX model to predict the distribution of A. ipsilon under current and future climatic conditions. Using the literature data, we collected information on the biology and ecology of A. ipsilon relevant for modelling the distribution of this species in Pakistan and worldwide under current and future climatic conditions. Our results revealed that under future climatic scenarios, the highly favourable habitat area of A. ipsilon (ecoclimatic index EI > 30) would decrease globally from 19% at present to 14% in the future, and the moderately favourable habitat area (0 < EI ≤ 15) would increase from 21 to 29%. We found that the northern areas of Pakistan will become highly suitable for the establishment of A. ipsilon. Under the current climatic conditions, the optimal habitats of A. ipsilon (EI > 30) comprised 10% and moderately favourable habitats (EI < 17) accounted for 25% of the total land area in Pakistan. Under future climatic scenarios, the optimal habitat area of the moth in Pakistan could decrease to 5% and the moderately favourable habitat area could cover 63% of the entire land area. The results can be applied in the protection of various crops and ornamental plants against A. ipsilon in Pakistan as well as worldwide.
2
Elsen, Paul R., William B. Monahan, Eric R. Dougherty, and Adina M. Merenlender. "Keeping pace with climate change in global terrestrial protected areas." Science Advances 6, no. 25 (June 2020): eaay0814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay0814.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Protected areas (PAs) are essential to biodiversity conservation, but their static boundaries may undermine their potential for protecting species under climate change. We assessed how the climatic conditions within global terrestrial PAs may change over time. By 2070, protection is expected to decline in cold and warm climates and increase in cool and hot climates over a wide range of precipitation. Most countries are expected to fail to protect >90% of their available climate at current levels. The evenness of climatic representation under protection—not the amount of area protected—positively influenced the retention of climatic conditions under protection. On average, protection retention would increase by ~118% if countries doubled their climatic representativeness under protection or by ~102% if countries collectively reduced emissions in accordance with global targets. Therefore, alongside adoption of mitigation policies, adaptation policies that improve the complementarity of climatic conditions within PAs will help countries safeguard biodiversity.
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El Afandi, Gamal, and Mohamed Abdrabbo. "Evaluation of Reference Evapotranspiration Equations under Current Climate Conditions of Egypt." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 10 (October 14, 2015): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i10.819-825.481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Precise estimation of the reference evapotranspiration is very important and vital in different fields such as agriculture, hydrology and meteorology. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the performance of different reference evapotranspiration methods compared to Class-A pan or E-pan over different agro-climatic regions in Egypt. In this study, Egypt has divided into several agro-climatic regions according to the average air temperature and the reference evapotranspiration from Class-A pan. These were Nile Delta in the north, middle and Upper Egypt. Four reference evapotranspiration (ETo) methods namely; Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves, Thornthwaite and FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM) have been evaluated in this study. The results revealed that, there were statistically no significance between E-Pan and PM at P-value less than 0.05, while the other equations had significant differences. The Hargreaves equation reported the highest ETo value at all regions while Thornthwaite was the lowest one. The difference percentage ratios between FAO-56 Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Thornthwaite and Hargreaves and E-Pan were 3.7, -13.3, -24.8 and 10.7 respectively. Hence, FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method has proved its capability in estimation of reference evapotranspiration over different agro-climatic regions in Egypt. Therefore, it could be used over any region in Egypt especially those have no reference evapotranspiration instruments.This study is a regional research, similar studies has been made for different regions by many researchers. Therefore, the determined results in this study can be used for regions with similar climatic conditions.
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Hällfors, Maria, Susanna Lehvävirta, Tone Aandahl, Iida-Maria Lehtimäki, Lars Ola Nilsson, Anna Ruotsalainen, Leif E. Schulman, and Marko T. Hyvärinen. "Translocation of an arctic seashore plant reveals signs of maladaptation to altered climatic conditions." PeerJ 8 (November 20, 2020): e10357. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ongoing anthropogenic climate change alters the local climatic conditions to which species may be adapted. Information on species’ climatic requirements and their intraspecific variation is necessary for predicting the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We used a climatic gradient to test whether populations of two allopatric varieties of an arctic seashore herb (Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica) show adaptation to their local climates and how a future warmer climate may affect them. Our experimental set-up combined a reciprocal translocation within the distribution range of the species with an experiment testing the performance of the sampled populations in warmer climatic conditions south of their range. We monitored survival, size, and flowering over four growing seasons as measures of performance and, thus, proxies of fitness. We found that both varieties performed better in experimental gardens towards the north. Interestingly, highest up in the north, the southern variety outperformed the northern one. Supported by weather data, this suggests that the climatic optima of both varieties have moved at least partly outside their current range. Further warming would make the current environments of both varieties even less suitable. We conclude that Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica is already suffering from adaptational lag due to climate change, and that further warming may increase this maladaptation, especially for the northern variety. The study also highlights that it is not sufficient to run only reciprocal translocation experiments. Climate change is already shifting the optimum conditions for many species and adaptation needs also to be tested outside the current range of the focal taxon in order to include both historic conditions and future conditions.
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Chuchma, Filip, and Hana Středová. "Discrepancy in climatic zoning of the current soil productivity evaluation system." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Pedologic-ecological estimation in the Czech Republic (Central Europe) means determination of land agronomic productivity and its economical pricing and is expressed as a five position numeral code and mapped as iso-lines. The first position of the code is the climatic region representing approximately the same conditions for agricultural plant growth and development. This climatic regionalization was based on the climatic data from 1901–1950. Currently, there is the need to update their existing zoning due to the technological progress of measurement and development of climate models including estimation of future climate. The aim of the paper is (i) to apply actual climatic data to climatic regionalization and (ii) to estimate what climatic conditions are relevant for actually valid climatic regions. The original methodology currently enables us to unequivocally classify only 17% of the entire territory of the Czech Republic (and 18% of Czech agricultural land). A substantial part of the territory does not fit neatly into individual climatic regions. Subsequently the actually valid ranges of climatic characteristics of individual climatic regions were determined. The GIS layers of individual climatic variables computed with data from 1961–2010 were one by one covered by GIS layers of individual climatic regions based on data from 1901–1950. Interval ranges of climatic region variables determined in this way are valid for the period 1961–2010. The upper limit of air temperature sum above 10 °C and annual air temperature in most of the climatic regions was significantly shifted up in 1961–2010. An increase in precipitation is noticeable in wet climatic regions. Moisture certainty in vegetation season and probability of dry vegetation are the most problematic in terms of Estimated Pedologic-Ecological Units (EPEU) climatic zoning. This should be taken into account when fixing the official soil price.
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Maximova, Nina, Komali Kantamaneni, Gennady Morkovkin, Darya Arnaut, and Louis Rice. "The Transformation of Agro-Climatic Resources of the Altai Region under Changing Climate Conditions." Agriculture 9, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9040068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examines the transformation of the agro-climatic conditions of the Altai region as a result of climate change. The climate of the Altai region in Russia is sharply continental and characterized by dry air and significant weather variability, both in individual seasons and years. The current study is determined by the lack of detailed area-related analytical generalizations for the territory of the Altai region over the past 30 years. Most of the published data dealing with an integrated analysis of the agro-climatic conditions in the Altai region date back to the late 1960s and early 1970s; in most cases, this data is from climate reference-books based on the generalized data from the first half of the 20th century. To make accurate forecasts and to efficiently manage agricultural production in the Altai region, area-related data on the state and dynamics of agro-climatic changes have been analysed. The results reveal that in the period between 1964 and 2017, significant climatic changes occurred in the territory of the Altai region. These climatic changes affected the growing season length, which increased due to a shift in the dates of the air temperature transition above 10 °C, to earlier dates in spring and to later dates in autumn. Furthermore, the current study also revealed that the foothills of the Altai Mountains are the most moistened parts of the region and the Kulunda lowland is the most arid part. In the Altai region, the accumulated temperatures and amounts of precipitation during the growing season increased significantly, and the values of integrated coefficients and indices that reflect the moisture supply conditions for the territory also changed significantly. Based upon the results, a schematic map of the current precipitation distribution on the Altai region’s territory has been generated. These results and this map may be used to conduct more detailed studies in the field of agro-climatology and to update the current borders of agro-climatic areas and revision of the agro-climatic zonation scheme.
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Sparks, Darrell. "A Climatic Model for Pecan Production under Humid Conditions." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 5 (September 1996): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.5.908.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A multiple regression model was developed from historical data, 1945-92, to predict pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] production in a humid climate. Variables were production trend (year of production), previous year's production, and climatic indices for the previous and current year. Production trend was used to measure change in production with time. Previous year's production was the index of alternate bearing. Variables for previous year's climate were heating degree-days for April-October and cumulative rainfall during May-July and 1-15 Sept. Variables for current year's climate were cumulative rainfall during April-August and 1-15 Sept. The indicator used for scab [Cladosporium caryigenum (Ell. & Langl.) Gottwald] infection was the highest cumulative sum of 2 or more days of consecutive rain occurring in May, June, or 1-15 July. The R2 for the model was 0.908. Production trend was the most important factor influencing production during the 1945-92 study period. Importance of the other variables in decreasing order were previous year's rainfall in May-July, consecutive rainy days, previous year's production, current year's 1-15 Sept. rainfall, previous year's heating degree-days, previous year's rainfall for 1-15 Sept., and current year's rainfall during April-August. Previous year's conditions had a greater effect on production than current year's. The recent decline in pecan production in the southeastern United States is due to an unfavorable change in climate.
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Al-saeed, Yahya Wisam, Abdullahi Ahmed, and Erika Anneli Pärn. "An 80-year projection of nZEB strategies in extreme climatic conditions of Iraq." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 472–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-02-2019-0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe Middle Eastern terrain is expected to encounter unprecedented climatic conditions before the turn of the next century (circa. 80 years), emanating from extreme heat waves that exceed the critical threshold of habitable conditions. This threatens to cause a significant challenge that is exacerbated by a gap between the supply and demand of affordable energy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of utilising nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) to improve the performance of residential buildings in Iraq and the Middle East.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses Iraq as a case-study because of the breadth of climatic conditions experienced across its wide-reaching territory and also because of the recent critical infrastructural challenges following the geo-political crisis. Three virtual buildings were simulated for Baghdad, Mosul and Basra cities to narrow the confines of the region to achieve nZEB under current and future climatic weather scenarios.FindingsThe findings showed that in all three cases studies, the buildings located within the three climatic regions in Iraq could achieve both significant annual energy reductions as well as nZEB standards which could range from 41 per cent to 87 per cent for current climatic conditions and 40 per cent to 84 per cent by 2080. An analysis has also been carried out for the three case-study cities which revealed significant operational-cost savings achievable through nZEB buildings.Originality/valueThere are currently limited studies that investigate such positive potential for nZEB strategies under the current and predicted future climatic scenarios in the Middle East.
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Dijkman, Teunis J., Morten Birkved, Henrik Saxe, Henrik Wenzel, and Michael Z. Hauschild. "Environmental impacts of barley cultivation under current and future climatic conditions." Journal of Cleaner Production 140 (January 2017): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.154.
Повний текст джерела
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Alexander, Jake M. "Evolution under changing climates: climatic niche stasis despite rapid evolution in a non-native plant." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1767 (September 22, 2013): 20131446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A topic of great current interest is the capacity of populations to adapt genetically to rapidly changing climates, for example by evolving the timing of life-history events, but this is challenging to address experimentally. I use a plant invasion as a model system to tackle this question by combining molecular markers, a common garden experiment and climatic niche modelling. This approach reveals that non-native Lactuca serriola originates primarily from Europe, a climatic subset of its native range, with low rates of admixture from Asia. It has rapidly refilled its climatic niche in the new range, associated with the evolution of flowering phenology to produce clines along climate gradients that mirror those across the native range. Consequently, some non-native plants have evolved development times and grow under climates more extreme than those found in Europe, but not among populations from the native range as a whole. This suggests that many plant populations can adapt rapidly to changed climatic conditions that are already within the climatic niche space occupied by the species elsewhere in its range, but that evolution to conditions outside of this range is more difficult. These findings can also help to explain the prevalence of niche conservatism among non-native species.
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KANTA, Chandra, and Ishwar P. SHARMA. "Floral polymorphism and scanning electron microscopy determination in relation to climatic influence on Solanum nigrum L." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12210722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growing concern about climatic influence on plants reproductive biology leads to a recent surge. Climate affects directly floral morphology of plants on this basis current study summarizes climatic effects on floral or reproductive biology of Solanum nigrum L. Effect of summer, rainy and winter seasons were recorded on floral morphology, pollens viability & germination, pollen tube growth, fruit-set percentage during investigations which were subjected to one factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant differences at p < 0.05. Climatic conditions affect floral morphology and produce polymorphism in specific conditions. In rainy and winter seasons, polymorphism was recorded in petals, stamens and pistil which is a first record of climatic influence on polymorphism. Rainy season reported for their maximum flowers numbers which promote a huge fruit-set percentage in open pollination as compared with self and cross pollination. This study confirms the effect of various climates on different floral parts which produce polymorphism along with growth, germination, length, etc. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study indicated the climatic variations on microscopic observations.
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Li, B., Z. Xie, A. Zhang, W. Xu, C. Zhang, Q. Liu, C. Liu, and S. Wang. "Tree growth characteristics and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) under different climate conditions in China." Horticultural Science 37, No. 1 (February 16, 2010): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/36/2009-hortsci.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The phenological stages, flower characteristics, shoot growth and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherries, cv. Hongdeng and Van, were investigated in different climatic zones in China, subtropical monsoon climatic zone (Shanghai, 31°14'N, 121°29'E) and temperate climatic zone (Qingdao, 37°09'N, 121°20'E). Sweet cherry trees grown in subtropical monsoon climatic zone had earlier phenological stage and longer blooming duration than those grown in temperate climatic zone. Fruit growth periods of Hongdeng and Van in Qingdao were 38 days and 51 days, respectively, but only 29 days and 45 days in Shanghai. Both cultivars showed more abnormal flowers under subtropical monsoon climate. The percentage of fruit set under open pollination in Hongdeng and Van were 31% and 24% in Qingdao, respectively, but only 0.4% and 3.2% in Shanghai. The trees grew more vigorous in Shanghai; flower bud differentiation was delayed by high temperature and superabundant rainfall in subtropical monsoon climate zone and more easily affected by the overlap of current shoot growth.
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L, Shuldan. "IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS." Architectural Studies 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/as2021.01.087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The global climate system shows signs of rapid changes called a Climatic Transition in specialized literature. The article has studied climate trends in territorial (global, macro-climatic, meso-climatic, and micro-climatic) and time limits (historical overview; current state; long-term, medium-term, and short-term prospects). The most probable medium-term forecasts until 2050 have been taken as a basis. The climate data analysis for the previous 60 years has been carried out and continued by our research with linear averaging of data for 2009-2020, the dynamics of main parameters changes on the territory of Ukraine and for Lviv city have been determined. The main requirements for architectural solutions in various climatic conditions have been formulated. Correlation analysis of energy efficiency improvements in architecture and current external micro-climatic conditions has been performed. It has been proposed to make appropriate changes to the regulatory documents.
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Lopaev, Sergey, Pavel Layus, Paul Kah, and Sergey Parshin. "Current Design Rules for Welding of Wind Energy Structures for Arctic Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.452.
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An article presents a review of current standards and guidelines in the field welding fabrication requirements for wind energy structures in arctic conditions. Extreme climatic conditions, such as Arctic, have a strong influence on the requirements for wind turbines structural characteristics, materials and fabrication methods. Special attention has to be paid for selecting steels with suitable mechanical properties, processing methods and delivery conditions. Additionally, it is highly important to select proper welding process and welding parameters, so that the structural integrity and reliable operation can be achieved.
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Tahri, Djilali, Fatiha Elhouiti, Mohamed Ouinten, and Mohamed Yousfi. "Algerian Inuleae tribe species distribution modeling underinfluence of current and future climate conditions." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2020-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis study aims to predict the impact of bioclimatic variables in current and future climatic scenarios on the distribution of Inuleae tribe species. Modeling the distribution of 30 species of the Inuleae tribe in Algeria was carried out with a maximum entropy model. Two models with 99 occurrence points were obtained with mean values of Area Under a Curve (AUC) of 0.987±0.01 and 0.971±0.02, reflecting excellent predictive power. Three bioclimatic variables contributed mainly to the first model and four - to the second one with cumulative contributions of 83.8% and 79%, respectively elucidating differences between species of the two major climatic zones in Algeria: the Tell and the Sahara. Two-dimensional niches of Algerian Inuleae species allowed to distinguish these two groups with the distribution of 18 Tell species, characterized by high rainfall (14-18°C, 400-1000 mm) and the other 12 species – distributed in hot and dry environments (17-24°C, 20-200 mm). Modeling the distribution under future conditions showed that habitats of the Saharan region would be much less suitable for these species with a variation in the annual mean temperature increase up to 20% and a decrease in annual precipitation, which could raise to 11 and 15%.
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CATTANEO, CRISTINA, and EMANUELE MASSETTI. "DOES HARMFUL CLIMATE INCREASE OR DECREASE MIGRATION? EVIDENCE FROM RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA." Climate Change Economics 10, no. 04 (November 2019): 1950013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007819500131.
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This paper analyzes whether migration is an adaptation strategy that households employ to cope with climate in Nigeria. We estimate our model using the cross-sectional variation in climate and long-term migration decisions because we are interested in the average response to long-term climatic conditions. For households that operate farms, we find that the relationship between climate and migration is nonlinear. In particular, climates closer to ideal farming conditions are associated with a higher propensity to migrate, whereas in the least favorable climatic conditions, the propensity to migrate declines. The marginal effect of rainfall and temperature changes on migration varies by season. We estimate the impact of climate change on the number of migrant households in 2031–2060 and 2071–2100, ceteris paribus. With current population levels, climate change generates between 3.6 and 6.3 million additional migrants, most of them being internal. However, these estimates are not statistically significant.
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Efimenko, V. N., S. V. Efimenko, and A. V. Samoilova. "QUALITY DESIGN OF ROAD PAVEMENTS IN WEST SIBERIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 5 (October 29, 2019): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-5-165-179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the laws affecting the pavement design quality in the West Siberian region. It is shown that the properties of clay subgrade determine its composition, which forms under the influence of the geographical complex of the region. The differentiated approach to the climatic conditions when zoning the territory is reflected in the taxonomic scheme “zone – subzone –road region”. For the road regions in II, III and IV road building climatic zones, the design parameters are assigned to the clay subgrade soils, automobile roads and the territory of interest. The recommended values of subgrade parameters differ from those recommended by current standards by 40%, which indicates the importance and practical value of the results presented.
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Reyes, Justo A., and Andrés Lira-Noriega. "Current and future global potential distribution of the fruit fly Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)." Canadian Entomologist 152, no. 4 (February 27, 2020): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a pest that causes severe damage to various fruits, generating economic losses. We evaluated its potential geographic distribution under current and future climatic conditions using an ecological niche modelling approach, based on the largest available database on occurrence records for this species. Additionally, we identified areas of risk to agricultural land and crops. Predictions under current climatic conditions indicated that this species is likely to be present across broad swaths of the United States of America, southeastern Asia, southeastern Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. We predict considerable expansion of its potential range for 2050, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, because of ongoing climate change, under both low and high emissions scenarios.
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Сараев, Юрий, Yuriy Saraev, Николай Голиков, Nikolay Golikov, Михаил Сидоров, and Mihail Sidorov. "RESIDUAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION DURING WELDING UNDER CONDITIONS OF LOW CLIMATIC TEERATURES." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2019, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2019-2019-11-4-12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The investigation of residual welding stresses is extremely essential for the choice of efficient structural forms of designed welded structures and for the correct choice of technological welding methods for manufacturing welded structures. In spite of the substantial data amount obtained as a result of the investigations carried out earlier the distributions of residual stresses and their impact upon working capacity of welded joints carried out during welding under conditions of low climatic temperatures is studied insufficiently. Actually there are no works on experimental investigations of residual stresses of welding under cold climatic conditions.
The purpose of the work consists in the investigation of the character of residual stress distribution in end welded joints of structural steel St3sp after welding under low climatic temperature conditions by power sources with pulse and constant parameter measurements.
To investigate residual stresses there was carried out plate welding at room and negative air temperatures. There were chosen and carried out two welding modes: pulse-arc welding with modulated current with the frequency of 1.67Hz and direct current welding. The definition of residual stresses was carried out with the use of X-ray method based on the measurement of material lattice micro-deformations caused by their effect.
On the basis of the investigation results it was revealed that a welding temperature affects a value and a character of weld stresses. At air temperature decrease up to -45ºC irrespective of the welding mode chosen the increase of a tensile residual welding stress level in welded joints by 40…50% is observed. In comparison with dc welding during welding with modulated current there are formed residual stresses with a lower level of mean values both at room (+20ºC) temperature, and at negative one (-45ºC). The increase of a tensile residual stress level during welding under cold air conditions is connected with the necessity to increase the rate of energy input at welding, and also with the increase of steel strength properties at temperature decrease.
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Ma, Delong, Xinchang Lun, Chao Li, Ruobing Zhou, Zhe Zhao, Jun Wang, Qinfeng Zhang, and Qiyong Liu. "Predicting the Potential Global Distribution of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) under Near Current and Future Climatic Conditions, Using the Maximum Entropy Model." Biology 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2021): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10101057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Amblyomma americanum (the lone star tick) is a pathogen vector, mainly from eastern North America, that bites humans. With global integration and climate change, some ticks that are currently confined to a certain place may begin to spread out; some reports have shown that they are undergoing rapid range expansion. The difference in the potential geographic distribution of A. americanum under current and future climatic conditions is dependent on environment variables such as temperature and precipitation, which can affect their survival. In this study, we used a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the potential geographic distribution of A. americanum. The MaxEnt model was calibrated at the native range of A. americanum using occurrence data and the current climatic conditions. Seven WorldClim climatic variables were selected by the jackknife method and tested in MaxEnt using different combinations of model feature class functions and regularization multiplier values. The best model was chosen based on the omission rate and the lowest Akaike information criterion. The resulting model was then projected onto the global scale using the current and future climate conditions modeled under four greenhouse gas emission scenarios.
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Rabbi, Barkat, Zhong-Hua Chen, and Subbu Sethuvenkatraman. "Protected Cropping in Warm Climates: A Review of Humidity Control and Cooling Methods." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 2737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142737.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The projected increase of the world’s population, coupled with the shrinking area of arable land required to meet future food demands, is building pressure on Earth’s finite agricultural resources. As an alternative to conventional farming methods, crops can be grown in protected environments, such as traditional greenhouses or the more modern plant factories. These are usually more productive and use resources more efficiently than conventional farming and are now receiving much attention—especially in urban and peri-urban areas. Traditionally, protected cropping has been predominantly practised in temperate climates, but interest is rapidly rising in hot, arid areas and humid, tropical regions. However, maintaining suitable climatic conditions inside protected cropping structures in warm climates—where warm is defined as equivalent to climatic conditions that require cooling—is challenging and requires different approaches from those used in temperate conditions. In this paper, we review the benefits of protected cropping in warm climates, as well as the technologies available for maintaining a controlled growing environment in these regions. In addition to providing a summary of active cooling methods, this study summarises photovoltaic (PV)-based shading methods used for passive cooling of greenhouses. Additionally, we also summarise the current humidity-control techniques used in the protected cropping industry and identify future research opportunities in this area. The review includes a list of optimum growing conditions for a range of crop species suited to protected cropping in warm climates.
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Dornbusch, Uwe. "Current large-scale climatic conditions in Southern Peru and their influence on snowline altitudes." ERDKUNDE 52, no. 1 (1998): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1998.01.04.
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Ugbong, Innocent A., and Ivan V. Budagov. "ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND LANDUSE SCENARIOS UNDER CHANGING CLIMATES: THE EXPERIENCE IN THE UPPER CROSS RIVER REGION, NIGERIA." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 11 (January 27, 2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i11.2019.461.
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This paper seeks to show that due to changing climates, there are salient marginal Sahelian conditions (conditions of aridity) emerging on the Northern fringes of Cross River State, a state that is geographical positioned in the southern rainforest belt of Nigeria. The paper adopts a simple descriptive approach and shows the distinct characteristics of this zone, in terms of floristic composition and edaphic and geomorphic structures under changing conditions. Some relationships are established between environmental variables like health, water supply and crop-yield on one hand, and climatic variation, floral life-forms and soil conditions on the other. The changing land use patterns relative to environmental changes are also examined. The paper concludes with a look at current and future adaption strategies to these climate-induced conditions.
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Tyukavina, Olga, Nikolay Neverov, and Alexander Mineev. "Variations in the length of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles under the influence of climatic factors and solar activity in different conditions of northern taiga." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 8 (August 30, 2019): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/47/2019-jfs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of climatic factors on the growth of pine needles in different conditions of the water regime of soil. Studies were conducted in lichen pine forests, cowberry pine forests, blueberry pine forests, shrub-sphagnum pine forest and pine on swamp in the Arkhangelsk forestry regions (northern taiga). The needle length is influenced by solar activity (the Wolf number). The effect of solar activity on increasing the needle length is greatest in optimal growing conditions. In northern taiga conditions, air temperature is the main climatic factor affecting the growth of needles. In the blueberry, cowberry and lichen pine forests, an inverse high correlation of the needle length with the night air temperature of August of the current year was revealed. The pine on swamp revealed a high correlation between the needle length and the air temperature at the end of July of the current year of needle development. In the year preceding the needle development, a high inverse correlation was found between the needle length and the temperature of mid-September in the cowberry and blueberry pine forests. In the current year, high correlations of the lengths of needles and precipitation were observed in extreme growing conditions.<br />
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Lopuch, Piotr, Yulia Hledko, and Wang Hao. "Problems of water utilization in different climatic conditions (on the example of Belarus)." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016305007.
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The article substantiates the necessity for current adjustment of the hydrological districting of the territory of the Republic of Belarus following the transformation of the conditions for the formation of surface flow and the obsolescence of hydrological data on flow monitoring, the emergence of a new climatic factor in the formation of the hydrological regime of rivers.
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Vlčková, Veronika, Antonín Buček, Ivo Machar, Tomáš Daněk, Vilém Pechanec, Jan Brus, and Helena Kilianová. "The Application of Geobiocoenological Landscape Typology in The Modelling of Climate Change Implications." Journal of Landscape Ecology 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2015-0010.
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Abstract Geobiocoenological landscape typology, which is used in landscape planning in the Czech Republic, includes vegetation zonation of the landscape. Vegetation zones are determined by climatic conditions. Changes in climatic conditions will probably be manifested in the shift of vegetation zones in the landscape. Mathematical geobiocoenological model of vegetation zonation of the landscape is based on the general ecological relationship between the current vegetation zonation and present climatic conditions and the assumption that this general relationship will be maintained in the future. The paper presents the application of the model using the example of the prediction of changes in climatic conditions for the Norway spruce (the first-generation of the model) and grapevine (the second-generation of the model) in the Czech Republic. In the case of the Norway spruce example, the model shows that the predicted changes in climatic conditions will prevent the cultivation of the spruce in the Czech Republic outside its natural range in mountainous areas. The results of the presented model for grapevine show significant enlargement of areas climatically suitable for growing grapes within the studied area.These examples demonstrate the potential for the application of geobiocoenological landscape typology in the modeling of the effects of climate change in the landscape.
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Egici, Memet Taşkın, Fulya Kahraman Aydoğan, Cemal Ayazoğlu, and Güzin Zeren Öztürk. "Current Approach to Travel Health Services." Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33880/ejfm.2019080301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a result of the improvement on transportation and communication opportunities and the increase in commercial, touristic and cultural relations, travels have increased and diversified. Despite these improvements, the nature of the travel process can make the passenger more vulnerable to health risks due to environmental, climatic and hygiene conditions. Lack of adequate housing and diffucilties to access the health care services increase the risk further. In this review, current information have given about travel health services in Turkey and the necessary precautions were discussed to be taken before, during and after the travel in order to avoid the health risks associated with the travel.
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Maria, Nedealcov, and Sîrbu Rodica. "The Climate Change Impact On Grapevine Productivity." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2015-0021.
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Abstract The viticulture, a traditional branch of the national economy, is closely related to climatic conditions because the Republic of Moldova territory represents the northern border of its territorial location. Therefore the knowledge of regional particularities of grapevine productivity formation in dependence of current agro-climatic conditions is of particular interest. Along with accelerated climate change in last decades over the Republic of Moldova territory, we find that are essential changes concerning agro-meteorological conditions, at the same time comprehensive researches that would reflect the actual impact of climate change on grapevine are limited. There are known researches, but in the context of changes that occur at regional level it is necessary to supplement permanently the database in order to elaborate an appropriate estimation of current climate conditions. The above reported facts show the importance of parameters influencing the grapevine productivity time and space study in Republic of Moldova.
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Zingore, Kumbirai M., George Sithole, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Samira A. Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi, Chrysantus M. Tanga, and Mohammed E. E. Mahmoud. "Global risk of invasion by Bactrocera zonata: Implications on horticultural crop production under changing climatic conditions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): e0243047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243047.
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The peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important invasive species causing substantial losses to the horticulture industry worldwide. Despite the severe economic impact caused by this pest in its native and invaded range, information on its potential range expansion under changing climate remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling approach to predict the global potential climatic suitability of B. zonata under current climate and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) for the year 2050. Outputs from MaxEnt were merged with Spatial Production Allocation Model. A natural dispersal model using Gaussian dispersal kernel was developed. The Areas Under Curves generated by MaxEnt were greater than 0.92 for both current and future climate change scenarios, indicating satisfactory performances of the models. Mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of driest month and temperature seasonality significantly influenced the potential establishment of B. zonata. The models indicated high climatic suitability in tropical and subtropical areas in Asia and Africa, where the species has already been recorded. Suitable areas were predicted in West, East and Central Africa and to a lesser extent in Central and South America. Future climatic scenarios models, RCP 4.5 and 8.5 show significant potential range expansion of B. zonata in Western Sahara, while RCP 4.5 highlighted expansion in Southern Africa. Contrarily, RCP 2.6 showed considerable decrease in B. zonata range expansion in Central, East and West Africa. There was increased climatic suitability of B. zonata in Egypt and Middle East under RCP 6.0. The dispersal model revealed that B. zonata could spread widely within its vicinity with decreasing infestation rates away from the source points. Our findings can help to guide biosecurity agencies in decision-making and serve as an early warning tool to safeguard against the pest invasion into unaffected areas.
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Croce, Pietro, Paolo Formichi, and Filippo Landi. "Climate Change: Impacts on Climatic Actions and Structural Reliability." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 5416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245416.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climatic loads on structures are commonly defined under the assumption of stationary climate conditions; but, as confirmed by recent studies, they can significantly vary because of climate change effects, with relevant impacts not only for the design of new structures but also for the assessment of the existing ones. In this paper, a general methodology to evaluate the influence of climate change on climatic actions is presented, based on the analysis of observed data series and climate projections. Illustrative results in terms of changes in characteristic values of temperature, precipitation, snow, and wind loads are discussed for Italy and Germany, with reference to different climate models and radiative forcing scenarios. In this way, guidance for potential amendments in the current definition of climatic actions in structural codes is provided. Finally, the influence of climate change on the long-term structural reliability is estimated for a specific case study, showing the potential of the proposed methodology.
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Пырец, В. А., В. С. Рева, К. Н. Земляной, О. В. Гаврилов та К. В. Безручко. "ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ТОКА С ЦЕЛЬЮ ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИЯ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В СОСТАВЕ СИСТЕМ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ". Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 26, № 4 (5 вересня 2018): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/451819.
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In the article the question definitions of the guaranteed residual service life of the storage battery, which allows you to accurately determine the parameters and characteristics, and also to predict them in the course of its life cycle. One of the methods of confirming the operability of chemical current sources and determining their further failure-free operation is considered, which are accelerated climatic tests. Also shown is the discharge capacity of chemical sources of current in the form of mathematical models, what makes it possible to determine the characteristics of chemical sources of current under normal conditions, and vice versa, when the capacitance is known from measurements of accelerated climatic tests.
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Ndiaye, Fatou, Moustapha Sene, Modou Beye, and Amadou S. H. Maiga. "Effects of Climatic Conditions on a Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Module in Niger." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 55 (July 2015): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.55.59.
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The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of a photovoltaic module operating in a sahelian country like Niger. A brief introduction to the behavior and the functioning of a photovoltaic module has been presented and the basic equations needed for a modeling based on ambient parameters have been also written. For the validation, characteristics of experimental purpose are presented with a satisfactory reliability degree. The effects of external parameters, mainly temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed have been considered on the output current characteristic and the output power characteristic. Due to their critical effects on the operation of the panel, effects of series resistances were also studied.
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Wang, Xiaomao, and Inés Ibáñez. "The Contrasting Effects of Local Environmental Conditions on Tree Growth between Populations at Different Latitudes." Forests 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030429.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current widely used climate envelope approaches, i.e., correlations between climatic variables and the presence of a species, simulate responses for the whole species and predict future ranges based mainly on climatic suitability. However, short-term tree responses to climate change will take place within current populations, and these populations, acclimated to their local environments, are not likely to respond similarly to climate change. Thus, to develop reliable forecasts of forest responses to climate change, this variability among populations needs to be considered. In this study, we tested the effect of environmental conditions on the growth of two common maple species (Acer rubrum L. and A. saccharum Marshall) at two different latitudes within their northern distributional ranges. We collected increment cores, and analyzed year to year variabilities in tree growth as a function of temperature and precipitation. The results suggest divergent responses between species and between populations of the same species. Predicted growth under different climate scenarios for the region suggested that the growth of southern populations might decrease, while northern populations might still be able to retain their current growth. These results document the population-level responses to environmental conditions of these two species, providing latitude-specific guidance for future forest distribution prediction.
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Medone, Paula, Soledad Ceccarelli, Paul E. Parham, Andreína Figuera, and Jorge E. Rabinovich. "The impact of climate change on the geographical distribution of two vectors of Chagas disease: implications for the force of infection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1665 (April 5, 2015): 20130560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0560.
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Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , is the most important vector-borne disease in Latin America. The vectors are insects belonging to the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and are widely distributed in the Americas. Here, we assess the implications of climatic projections for 2050 on the geographical footprint of two of the main Chagas disease vectors: Rhodnius prolixus (tropical species) and Triatoma infestans (temperate species). We estimated the epidemiological implications of current to future transitions in the climatic niche in terms of changes in the force of infection (FOI) on the rural population of two countries: Venezuela (tropical) and Argentina (temperate). The climatic projections for 2050 showed heterogeneous impact on the climatic niches of both vector species, with a decreasing trend of suitability of areas that are currently at high-to-moderate transmission risk. Consequently, climatic projections affected differently the FOI for Chagas disease in Venezuela and Argentina. Despite the heterogeneous results, our main conclusions point out a decreasing trend in the number of new cases of Tr. cruzi human infections per year between current and future conditions using a climatic niche approach.
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Kapsambelis, Dorothée, David Moncoulon, Martine Veysseire, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, and Jean Cordier. "Modeling the Impact of Extreme Droughts on Agriculture under Current and Future Climate Conditions Using a Spatialized Climatic Index." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052481.
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Extreme droughts have a strong impact on agricultural production. In France, the 2003 drought generated records of yield losses at a national scale for grassland (more than 30%) and for cereals (more than 10% for soft winter wheat and winter barley). These extreme events raise the question of farm resilience in the future. Studying them makes it possible to adapt risk management policy to climate change. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to analyze the frequency and the intensity of extreme drought in 2050 and their impact on crop yield losses (grassland and cereals) in France. We used the DOWKI (Drought and Overwhelmed Water Key Indicator) meteorological index based on a cumulative water anomaly, which can explain droughts and their consequences on agricultural yield losses at a departmental scale. Then, using the ARPEGE-Climat Model developed by Meteo-France, DOWKI was projected in 2050 and grassland, soft winter wheat, and winter barley yield losses were simulated. The results compare the frequency and intensity of extreme droughts between the climate in 2000 and 2050. Our results show that the frequency of extreme droughts (at least as intense as in 2003) doubled in 2050. In addition, the yield losses due to 10-year droughts increased by 35% for grassland and by more than 70% for cereals.
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Kaur, Jasmeet, and Anju Bala. "Predicting power for home appliances based on climatic conditions." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 610–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-04-2018-0012.
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Purpose Power management in households has become the periodic issue for electric suppliers and household occupants. The number of electronic appliances is increasing day by day in every home with upcoming technology. So, it is becoming difficult for the energy suppliers to predict the power consumption for households at the appliance level. Power consumption in households depends on various factors such as building types, demographics, weather conditions and behavioral aspect. An uncertainty related to the usage of appliances in homes makes the prediction of power difficult. Hence, there is a need to study the usage patterns of the households appliances for predicting the power effectively. Design/methodology/approach Principal component analysis was performed for dimensionality reduction and for finding the hidden patterns to provide data in clusters. Then, these clusters were further being integrated with climate variables such as temperature, visibility and humidity. Finally, power has been predicted according to climate using regression-based machine learning models. Findings Power prediction was done based on different climatic conditions for electronic appliances in the residential sector. Different machine learning algorithms were implemented, and the result was compared with the existing work. Social implications This will benefit the society as a whole as it will help to reduce the power consumption and the electricity bills of the house. It will also be helpful in the reduction of the greenhouse gas emission. Originality/value The proposed work has been compared with the existing work to validate the current work. The work will be useful to energy suppliers as it will help them to predict the next day power supply to the households. It will be useful for the occupants of the households to complete their daily activities without any hindrance.
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Guo, Ying, Mengke Wang, Caiyun Gao, Fang-Fang Fu, Yousry A. El-Kassaby, Tongli Wang, and Guibin Wang. "Spatial prediction and delineation of Ginkgo biloba production areas under current and future climatic conditions." Industrial Crops and Products 166 (August 2021): 113444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113444.
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Mikhailov, Alexander Leonidovich, Olga Arnoldovna Timofeeva, Uliana Aleksandrovna Ogorodnova, and Nikita Sergeevich Stepanov. "EFFECT OF SOIL AND GROWTH CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON VITAMIN CONTENT OF RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.)." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 8, Spl-2-AABAS (December 15, 2020): S292—S297. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2020.8(spl-2-aabas).s292.s297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study was conducted to estimate the effect of soil and growth climatic conditions on the vitamin content of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Further, in vitamins, the content of ascorbic acid and vitamin A (provitamin – carotene) was estimated from the aerial parts of the clover. Ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor vitamin while vitamin A is a useful vitamin for eyesight. Ascorbic acid content in the red clover tissues was determining potassium hexacyanoferrate method while Provitamin A and total carotenoid was estimated by spectrophotometric method. Results of the study revealed that the highest content of vitamins C was found in the plant grown under the climatic conditions of the southern taiga subzone of the Atninsky and in the zone of deciduous forests (Apastovsky and Kamsko-Ustinsky districts) while the plant is grown under the coniferous-deciduous forests (Zelenodolsky district) climatic conditions are a rich source of vitamin A. From the results of the study, it can conclude the soil and growing conditions especially temperature regime and soil moisture affected the level of vitamins in red clover.
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McKibben, S. Morgaine, William Peterson, A. Michelle Wood, Vera L. Trainer, Matthew Hunter, and Angelicque E. White. "Climatic regulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606798114.
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Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin produced by certain marine microalgae that can accumulate in the foodweb, posing a health threat to human seafood consumers and wildlife in coastal regions worldwide. Evidence of climatic regulation of domoic acid in shellfish over the past 20 y in the Northern California Current regime is shown. The timing of elevated domoic acid is strongly related to warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Niño Index, an indicator of El Niño events. Ocean conditions in the northeast Pacific that are associated with warm phases of these indices, including changes in prevailing currents and advection of anomalously warm water masses onto the continental shelf, are hypothesized to contribute to increases in this toxin. We present an applied domoic acid risk assessment model for the US West Coast based on combined climatic and local variables. Evidence of regional- to basin-scale controls on domoic acid has not previously been presented. Our findings have implications in coastal zones worldwide that are affected by this toxin and are particularly relevant given the increased frequency of anomalously warm ocean conditions.
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Kohut, Mojmír, Filip Chuchma, and Petr Hora. "Selected agroclimatic characteristics of climatic regions of the Czech Republic." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10126-012-0012-9.
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Abstract The current division of the Czech Republic into climatic regions was carried out according to basic criteria which meet the assumption of similar conditions for growth and development of agricultural crops. Ten climatic regions in the Czech Republic were labelled with numbers 0 (VT, very hot) to 9 (CH, cold). In this paper we have utilized selected agro-climatic characteristics for these climatic regions, which were not considered in the original classification. Evaluation was performed according to the daily interval of agro-meteorological model AVISO with the use of technical series of meteorological elements of a regular network of 789 grid points (10×10 km) for the period of 1961-2010.
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Mingarro, Mario, and Jorge M. Lobo. "Connecting protected areas in the Iberian peninsula to facilitate climate change tracking." Environmental Conservation 48, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689292100014x.
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SummaryProtected areas (PAs) are intended to preserve natural places, aiming to sustain ecosystem functionality and preserve biodiversity. However, PAs are spatially static, while major threats to biodiversity, such as climate and land-use change, are dynamic. The climatic conditions represented in a PA could vanish in the future and appear in other places more or less far away from the PA; these places could be considered as recipient areas potentially suited to receive propagules from the source PAs, which tend to lose the climatic conditions that motivated their protection. This study estimates the current and future climatic representativeness of mainland Iberian national parks by identifying future areas with a similar climate to those existing now in the parks and taking into account the degree of anthropogenic alteration and protection. We identify a network of ecological corridors connecting Iberian national parks with their recipient areas, as well as discriminating those most conflicting areas that impede network connectivity due to their degree of land-use transformation. Our results identify important areas for maintaining the climatic representativeness of Iberian national parks in the future, showing a substantial reduction in the climatic representativeness of the Iberian national parks. Although most of the recipient areas now have forest and semi-natural land uses and more than half of their whole area has protected status, current land uses in the Iberian Peninsula severely obstruct the corridor network connecting the parks and recipient areas.
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Данилович, Ирина Сергеевна, Виктор Иванович Мельник, and Беате Гейер. "The current climate changes in Belarusian Polesje region: factors, consequences, projections." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2020-1-3-13.
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The study presents the pattern of climatic changes in the region of the Belarusian Polesje in current period and shows peculiarities of agricultural conditions on drained peat bogs during last decades. Also the climatic projections in the study region are presented with emphasize on agricultural indices. The climate changes in the region are synchronized with a global climate warming, and expressed more significant on the natural than drained areas. But at the same time a severe and extreme conditions for vegetation growth are more evident on the drained peat bogs. The precipitation sums exceeding have been noticed in the eastern part of the Belarusian Polesje in comparison with western part. The amelioration, deforestation and decrease of underlying surface roughness have led to wind speed growth and decrease of precipitation. The observed climate change tendencies will be kept in the current century. The growth of air temperature will continue, the largest deviations of the air temperature will be noticed in winter season. The deviations of minimal temperature will exceed deviations of maximal and mean temperature. The precipitation wills growth, but deviations will be heterogeneous during the current century. The largest growth of precipitation will be observed in winter season due to the rainfall of moderate intensity increase. But in the same time the duration of the drought periods will increase in summer.
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Godlewski, Tomasz, Łukasz Mazur, Olga Szlachetka, Marcin Witowski, Stanisław Łukasik, and Eugeniusz Koda. "Design of Passive Building Foundations in the Polish Climatic Conditions." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 7855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237855.
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A Passive House (PH) system is not only an opportunity but also a necessity for the further development of sustainable eco-buildings. Construction of the foundation in energy-efficient houses is the key to maintaining low energy losses. The appropriate selection of building materials requires considering the thermal conditions of the environment, including its location and the zero isotherms in the ground. The main objective of this work is to analyze the possibilities of designing foundations for PHs in Poland, according to the current methodological data. In order to realize the basic aims, the work was divided into the following materials and methods: (I) literature review; (II) database of PH in Central Europe; (III) method of depth of ground freezing determination; (IV) selection of the joint of slab-on-ground foundation and external wall to analysis; (V) description and validation of the heat-transfer model. The result of the research work is: (i) analysis of the foundation under the conditions of freezing of the ground in Poland; (ii) description and validation of the heat-transfer model. The research has revealed that in the Polish climate zone, the most efficient solution for passive buildings is to build them on a foundation slab. The foundation of a building below the latest specified ground frost depths in Poland is inefficient in terms of, for example, thermal insulation, economics, and the idea of PH.
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Prinz, R., L. I. Nicholson, T. Mölg, W. Gurgiser, and G. Kaser. "Climatic controls and climate proxy potential of Lewis Glacier, Mt Kenya." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 4 (July 28, 2015): 3887–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-3887-2015.
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Abstract. The Lewis Glacier on Mt Kenya is one of the best studied tropical glaciers and has experienced considerable retreat since a maximum extent in the late 19th century (L19). From distributed mass and energy balance modelling, this study evaluates the current sensitivity of the surface mass and energy balance to climatic drivers, explores climate conditions under which the L19 maximum extent might have sustained, and discusses the potential for using the glacier retreat to quantify climate change. Multiyear meteorological measurements at 4828 m provide data for input, optimization and evaluation of a spatially distributed glacier mass balance model to quantify the exchanges of energy and mass at the glacier–atmosphere interface. Currently the glacier loses mass due to the imbalance between insufficient accumulation and enhanced melt, because radiative energy gains cannot be compensated by turbulent energy sinks. Exchanging model input data with synthetic climate scenarios, which were sampled from the meteorological measurements and account for coupled climatic variable perturbations, reveal that the current mass balance is most sensitive to changes in atmospheric moisture (via its impact on solid precipitation, cloudiness and surface albedo). Positive mass balances result from scenarios with an increase of annual (seasonal) accumulation of 30 % (100 %), compared to values observed today, without significant changes in air temperature required. Scenarios with lower air temperatures are drier and associated with lower accumulation and increased net radiation due to reduced cloudiness and albedo. If the scenarios currently producing positive mass balances are applied to the L19 extent, negative mass balances are the result, meaning that the conditions required to sustain the glacier in its L19 extent are not reflected in today's observations. Alternatively, a balanced mass budget for the L19 extent can be explained by changing model parameters that imply a distinctly different coupling between the glacier's local surface-air layer and its surrounding boundary-layer. This result underlines the difficulty of deriving paleoclimates for larger glacier extents on the basis of modern measurements of small glaciers.
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A., Nalinakashi M., Nagaraja Rao C., and S. Sundareshan. "Global Warming - Its Causes & Effects." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2009): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.14.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most current and widely discussed factors, which could lead to the ultimate end of existence of Earth and man, is global warming and its devastating effects. Scientists have asked how fast the Earth is heating up, and how the warming effects on Earth may affect crops and climatic conditions. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on; rising sea levels, the melting of icecaps, and significant worldwide climatic changes. This article will i) explains the degree of destruction caused by global warming; contributing factors to warming, and ii) discusses what we can do to prevent the rate of increase in global warming.
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Volkov, S. N., S. V. Savinova, E. V. Cherkashina, D. A. Shapovalov, V. V. Bratkov, and P. V. Klyushin. "Assessment of current climate conditions changes in the territory of Ciscaucasia for the purposes of forecasting winter wheat yield." South of Russia: ecology, development 16, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-1-117-127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Аim. Assessment of current climate changes in the territory of Ciscaucasia in order to predict the yield of winter wheat.Methods .Integral indicators of climatic conditions for agricultural production were employed. For the investigations, we selected five‐year periods for which the meteorological parameters were averaged, and to identify trends the data of specific five‐year periods were compared with the average value for the entireseries of observations (1960‐2020).Results. The deviation of precipitation in April was highest in 2011‐2015, when it increased by 22 mm, and in 1986‐1990 and 1991‐1995, when it decreased by 15 and 10 mm respectively. In Eastern Ciscaucasia,where conditions are more arid than in the Western and Central regions, in both the rise in air temperature and the amount of precipitation, especially in April and May, increased in the 21stcentury for the entire period of active vegetation.Conclusion.It was established that the value of the hydrothermal coefficient practically did not change during the 1960‐2020 period. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there was an increase in productivity against the background of a relatively high level of annual precipitation and this stability is confirmed at the present time. There is a very close relationship between natural and climatic factors and the level of winter wheat yield.
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Coskun, M., and G. E. Gbadeyanka. "An Information-Based Approach to Sustainable Eco-Communities through Climate Change Initiatives." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 3, no. 2 (March 4, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2022.3.2.246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerous searches conducted across the globe on Climatic Change initiatives reveal that current human discharges of atmospheric glasshouse gases are of the utmost in the record. Recent weather conditions have had extensive effects on man and ecological communities. Diverse varieties of living things have been impacted negatively by the sudden changes in their ecological habitats, irregular transformation in atmospheric conditions, movement forms, supplies and varieties interrelationships in action to ongoing climatic variation. The current trends and forces on diverse living components will continue to expand, and varieties of living things will further reduce. This study assessed recent information on the impact of ecological communities worldwide and their impacts on climate change alleviation. The data guiding this study derived from the various reports from academic articles and other related studies which citations appropriately utilise in this ongoing study. The research offers information on the capability of previous administrative methods for wetlands, wildlands and pampas lands, coastland ecological communities and farmlands to support and promote carbon accumulation and carbon drifts. The research suggested increasing collaborations with climatic variation solutions, hazard threat reduction, viable growth, and ecological and living organisms. The diverse solutions offer broader land-use methods that consider all investors' viable advantages, information, and competencies. Empirical proof regarding living organisms' relevance for sustainable ecological communities and operation, thus the broad impact of a climatic change initiative, is vividly represented in this study.
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Corredoira, Elena, and Rita L. Costa. "Application of Tissue Culture in Plant Reproduction." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing degradation of forests, together with a higher demand for wood and fruit, has led to the need for more efficient trees adapted to the current climatic conditions and, thus, to the need for genetic improvement programs [...]
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Pollard, D. F. W. "A Forestry Perspective on the Carbon Dioxide Issue." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61312-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The global atmosphere is being enriched with carbon dioxide through the combustion of fossil fuels and reduction of forest biomass and soil organic matter. The estimated preindustrial concentration of 260 parts per million by volume is expected to be doubled by the year 2065, with consequential disturbance in global and regional climates. Enrichment will certainly have direct impacts on the forest sector, probably favouring fast growing species, in particular certain hardwoods and weed species. An antitranspirant effect of CO2 may also improve growth rates and water economies, especially in arid regions. Impacts of climatic disturbance are much more difficult to predict, largely because of uncertainty in current climate response theory. Best available information indicates the development of a serious mismatch between Canadian forests and the climatic regions they will occupy. When viewed as empirical models of climate change, past climate variation suggest that forest pest problems will intensify. Operational measures taken in anticipation of climate change are not warranted, however, because of current uncertainties. Judicious analysis and research will enhance realization of opportunities and reduce impacts of future conditions, particularly as presented by CO2-enriched atmospheres.
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Инишева, Л. И., Е. В. Порохина, М. А. Сергеева та К. И. Кобак. "ТОРФЯНЫЕ БОЛОТА И ИХ БИОСФЕРНАЯ РОЛЬ". Biosfera 11, № 3 (5 лютого 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v11i3.509.
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Bogs occupy a significant part of territory in Russia. In the present article, the main factors of formation of peat bogs and their functions in the biosphere are discussed as exemplified with pineal-bushy-mossy biocenoses in Western Siberia. Carbon balance during periods differing in climatic conditions are analyzed. Field observations and mathematical models of peat accretion suggest that net carbon accumulation takes place in bogs of several types. In may be expected that in the forthcoming decades the current climatic conditions will, upon increasing temperature and atmospheric precipitates, result in the activation of bog formation and peat accumulation in the north of Russia, including West Siberia.