Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cultures microbiennes"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Cultures microbiennes":
Daniel, Heide-Marie, Uwe Himmelreich, and Tom Dedeurwaerdere. "L'intégration de différentes manières d'appréhender la réalité : un défi socio-économique et institutionnel pour les collections de cultures microbiennes." Revue internationale des sciences sociales 188, no. 2 (2006): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riss.188.0393.
Bekhouche, Farida, Estelle Bonnin, Abderrahmane Boulahrouf, and Jean Yves Leveau. "Production d'enzyme polygalacturonase par des souches microbiennes isolées du lait cru et des olives noires et vertes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-024.
Vazquez-Rodriguez, G. A., and J. L. Rolst. "Étude du processus de nitratation avec des boues activées : effet inhibiteur de l'ammoniac sur les bactéries nitratantes." Revue des sciences de l'eau 10, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705284ar.
Ugwu, O. B., T. K. C. Udeani, C. L. Anigbo, and C. S. Anigbo. "Detection of microbial pathogens colonizing foot ulcers of diabetic patients in Enugu, Nigeria." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 25, no. 2 (April 3, 2024): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v25i2.8.
BAYOURTHE, C., and D. ALI-HAIMOUD-LEKHAL. "Les extraits de plantes chez le ruminant : effets sur les fermentations dans le rumen et la qualité lipidique des produits animaux." INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 4 (October 23, 2014): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.4.3079.
Kehinde, O. O., G. E. O. Makinde, O. Agbato, O. O. Adebowale, O. J. Awoyomi, and O. G. Fasanmi. "Evaluation of dynamics and prevalence of microbial flora of soaked dry meats (Kundi and Ponmo) in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 6 (January 18, 2022): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i6.3278.
Sangaré, Mory, and Et Al. "Etudes de la qualité Microbiologique d’une pâte alimentaire faite de Maïs (Zea mays), d’Arachides (Arachis hypogaea), de Sésames (Sesamum indicum) et de Moringa (Moringa oleifera), (MAS-moringa), consommée dans la région de Kindia." Revue Malienne d'Infectiologie et de Microbiologie 16, no. 3 (January 12, 2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53597/remim.v16i3.2035.
Sacko, HB, and Et Al. "Sensibilité aux antibiotiques des bactéries isolées des otites moyennes chroniques suppurées à Bamako." Revue Malienne d'Infectiologie et de Microbiologie 18, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): 4348. http://dx.doi.org/10.53597/remim.v18i1.2629.
Botterel, F., O. Cabaret, F. Wallet, B. Wallaert, J. W. Decousser, K. Bruce, and L. Delhaes. "Colonisation microbienne respiratoire des patients atteints de mucoviscidose : comparaison de la culture avec les techniques de RFLP, clonage et séquençage à haut débit." Journal de Mycologie Médicale 23, no. 3 (September 2013): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.07.018.
W. Bruno, KABORE, SOULAMA Soungalo, BAMBARA Dasmané, BEMBAMBA Michel, and HIEN Edmond. "Effet de Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. et Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. sur les paramètres de fertilité du sol." Journal of Applied Biosciences 156 (December 26, 2020): 16078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.156.2.
Дисертації з теми "Cultures microbiennes":
Postec, Anne. "Diversité de populations microbiennes thermophiles d'une cheminée hydrothermale océanique : cultures d'enrichissement en bioréacteur et isolement d'espèces nouvelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11049.
Birou, Bernard Birou Bernard. "Etude de la chaleur dégagée par des cultures microbiennes dans un fermenteur de laboratoire /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=612.
Laplace, Jean-Marie. "Cultures microbiennes pures et mixtes : production d'éthanol à partir des pentoses et des héxoses dérivés des lignocelluloses." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20155.
Tang, Xiaoyan. "Biomasse et communautés microbiennes en relation avec la disponibilité du phosphore dans la rhizosphère de cultures associées." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0043/document.
Phosphorus (P) is a major nutrient that is often limiting plant growth in agroecosystems but phosphate rocks being a finite resource, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to P fertilizers and to better use soil P resources. In this context, the aim of my thesis was to elucidate the implication of rhizosphere processes determining the availability of soil P in cereal/legume intercropping systems, and ultimately the acquisition of P by these intercrops. We hypothesized that the facilitation of P acquisition in the rhizosphere in such intercrops was the consequence of microbially mediated processes, as evidenced by shifts of microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and P, or of specific microbial groups. Thus, my research strategy focused on root-induced changes of microbial biomass CNP and community in the rhizosphere of intercrops relative to the same crops grown alone. The effects of P or N fertilization and consequent pH changes as related to N2-fixation were also investigated, either in field experiments or in the controlled conditions of rhizobox microcosms. Durum wheat and different grain legume species were grown as sole crops and intercropped on two types of soils with different fertilization histories. In a first field trial in a calcareous, Mediterranean soil with high P availability, we demonstrated that cereal-legumes intercrops could be used to facilitate P cycling through increasing the microbial biomass and altering its CNP stoichiometry in the rhizosphere. In a second field experiment in a long term P fertilizer trial, we evidenced that a cereal-legume intercrop could increase the microbial biomass P at low P availability and modify microbial groups possibly involved in soil P cycling. Finally, we designed a rhizobox experiment in controlled conditions with soils of this long term trial where we manipulated nitrate availability, in order to assess the interactions of the above-mentioned processes with root-induced pH changes in the rhizosphere. When comparing intercrops and sole crops, we obtained significant differences of soil pH, P availability and microbial biomass CNP and community in the rhizosphere. Although such changes concerned phytase-producing bacteria, the causal relationships between the observed effects still need to be established. A better knowledge of such processes shall help designing more P-efficient intercropping systems in the future
Nercessian, Olivier. "Etude de la diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle des communautes microbiennes associées à des sources hydrothermales marines profondes par des approches moléculaires." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2005.
Our knowledge of the diversity of marine microbial communities has long been restricted to the precious but incomplete informations generated by the culture-based methods. In this study, molecular techniques (PCR, RT-PCR, cloning, sequencing, hybridization) and genetic markers [16S rRNA, genes coding for enzymes specific of diverse metabolic pathways (mcr A, pmo A, dsrAB)] were used to circumvent the limits inherent to cultivation methods ant to get a more realistic view of the specific and functional diversity of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent microbial communities. This research allowed (i) to reveal a wide diversity af archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA, and to show the existence of variations in the archaeal coomunity composition at the hydrothermal site and hydrothermal field scales, (ii) to discover new microbial lineages whatever the genetic markers used, and to study the phylogenetic diversity and geopgraphic distribution of one of them (iii) to develop and validate 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes targeting Archaea frequently found in hydrothermal systems, and (iv) to identify the most active Archaea of a microbial community associated with an hydrothermal sample. By the combined use of diverse molecular approaches, this work enlarges our view of the diversity of microbial communities in deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Vallance, Jessica. "Lutte biologique par utilisation de l’oomycète Pythium oligandrum : colonisation de la rhizosphère et influence sur la dynamique des populations microbiennes." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2030.
Biocontrol efficacy is mainly limited by the variability of the rhizosphere competence of the inoculated microorganisms. This doctoral thesis focused on Pythium oligandrum, an oomycete acknowledged as an antagonistic organism able to protect plants from pathogenic attacks. The aim of this work was to study the colonisation and the persistence of P. Oligandrum after its introduction in the root system of tomato plants grown in soilless culture; and to assess its impact on microbial communities colonizing the rhizosphere and the greenhouse effluents. Three strains of P. Oligandrum were selected on the basis of their ability to produce oospores (resting structures) and production of tryptamine (an auxin like compound) and of oligandrin (a glycoprotein elicitor). Real-time PCR and plate counting demonstrated the persistence of large amounts of the antagonistic oomycete in the rhizosphere throughout the cropping season (April to September). Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis showed that, among the three strains inoculated, the one producing the lowest amount of oospores was detected at 90%. Despite its abundance on roots, no traces of P. Oligandrum were detected in the different effluents of the soilless greenhouse. P. Clissotocum (ubiquitous tomato root minor pathogen) colonized the rhizosphere and the effluents only in summer. There was a reduction of P. Dissotocum populations in inoculated root systems. Single-Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis revealed that the genetic structure of microbial communities (fungi and bacteria) colonizing the rhizosphere and the effluents, evolved throughout the cropping season. This temporal evolution was independent from the inoculation and the persistence of the antagonist P. Oligandrum. Effluents were also colonized by Archaeabacteria but roots, only during the last two months of culture. These populations grew independently from P. Oligandrum. Results previously described, rely on DNA extraction and amplification. This strategy suffers from the inability to investigate active microbial communities. DNA and RNA data obtained by SSCP analysis of three different genetic regions (ITS1, rRNA 28S, mitochondrial RNA large subunit) highlighted the interest of using different primers for having an exhaustive view of the fungal microflora
Cavaille, Laetitia. "Production de Polyhydroxybutyrates à partir d'acides gras volatils en culture ouverte : influence du degré de limitation en phosphore sur les réponses cinétiques et les sélections microbiennes." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0049/document.
The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is an attractive alternative for plastics produced from fossil resources. The technical constraints imposed by pure cultures (purified substrate, sterilization ...) involve a high production cost of PHA production, and the production of these bioplastics is hardly competitive. The use of non-axenic cultures would avoid the constraints of pure cultures but requires a selection step of PHA producers. From a microbial inoculum (activated sludge) and AGV (butyric and acetic acid), a strategy for limiting the growth by phosphorus to accumulate PHB was established. From fed-batch and continuous culture, we studied the selection of PHA producers and the production of PHA based on operating parameters (dilution rate) and environmental (degree of phosphorus limitation). The scientific objective was to improve knowledge on the role of phosphorus limitation according to the operating conditions of the process, first about the nature of selected strains, and then about the cellular growth and PHB accumulation. For this, an approach involving identification of microorganisms by pyrosequencing method, a kinetic characterization of selected microorganisms, a process analysis and development of a kinetic modeling were performed. The ultimate goal of the work was the optimization of PHB production processes in non-axenic culture: productivity, yield, final PHB concentration but also reliability and robustness, to define an optimal production strategy of PHA. The performance achieved during the fed-batch cultures are among the best in the literature (70% PHA) in mixed cultures without enrichment step of PHA producers. The results showed the role of phosphorus limitation on the PHB production. Thus, it has been demonstrated the importance of degree of phosphorus limitation to maintain cell growth allowing enrichment in PHA producers explaining the high content of PHA obtained. From microbial selections in chemostat culture, the analysis of macro-kinetic parameters revealed conversion kinetics of the carbon substrate in PHB, catalytic biomass and CO2, dependent on the degree of phosphorus limitation and growth rate. The limits on the degree of plasticity of the intracellular phosphorus (ranging from 3.8% to 0.045%) were identified as a function of the specific growth rate. This intracellular phosphorus content (depending on the growth rate and degree of phosphorus limitation), is the parameter governing carbon conversion. Furthermore, this role of the intracellular phosphorus was observed for all populations selected under phosphorus limitation in this study, demonstrating a universal behavior of these populations face to phosphorus limitation. In parallel, dynamic studies in batch reactor from these selected populations were used to characterize the kinetic parameters of the strains, showing a maximum PHB production rate of 0.6 and 1.2 Cmol/Cmol.h with acetic acid and butyric respectively. These hypotheses made from experimental observations allowed the establishment of a new kinetic model based on the role of intracellular phosphorus on carbon conversion. The comparison of this model with experimental results has strengthened and improved the understanding of the mechanisms of intracellular phosphorus dilution and storage PHB. This model was also used to explore a wide range of environmental conditions and predict microbial behavior of PHA producers and non-producing organisms according to the operating conditions in continuous or batch reactor. From the results observed and the established kinetic model, the performance of PHA production processes of different configurations was discussed: chemostat single or two-stage, fed-batch, chemostat plus batch... The productivities, intracellular PHB content, performances of selection and the reliability of the process are compared
Riah-Anglet, Wassila. "De la structure des communautés microbiennes, à l'expression des activités enzymatiques dans des sols soumis à différentes contraintes agronomiques." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES058.
Multi-criteria assessment of agricultural systems involves acquiring knowledge about the soil biological component, especially about the microbial compartment. The soil microorganisms are essential in biogeochemical cycles and are mainly involved in the transformation of organic matter through their enzymatic activities. Many studies emphasize the possibility to describe the structure and the functions of soil microbial communities. However, little information is available to help the understanding of the structural and functional relationships. Indeed, the factors that influence the structure of microbial communities associated with factors regulating the expression of enzymatic activities make it difficult to apprehend the mechanisms governing these relationships. The objective of this study was to describe the relationships between structure and functions of soil microbial communities. This issue is at the interface between fundamental and applied research. The knowledge of these relationships will improve the understanding of the role of microbial communities in the resistance, resilience and the sustainability of soil. This work was carried out on an agricultural experimental site (Yvetot, Haute Normandie). This site allows the assessment of the effect of the introduction of grasslands in crop rotations. The research strategies developed in this study were based on experiments carried out under natural conditions (in situ) and laboratory soil microcosms (controlled conditions). The selected structural and functional descriptive variables of microbial communities demonstrates, the lively interest of combining qualitative and quantitative approaches based on complementary methods (chemical, biochemical and molecular methods) to restrain the biases of each method and reinforce interpretations. In situ experiments are based on two comparative studies, the first one concerned all plots of the experimental site; these plots had different management practices. The second one consisted of the specific analysis of the two most contrasting agricultural systems: the permanent grassland and conventional cropping. These experiments highlighted that the land use at the time of sampling appears to be the major determinant of the structure of soil microbial communities and their potential enzymatic activities. The change in enzymatic activities weighted by the microbial biomass carbon appears to be determined by the cropping history of the plots. The results also show resilience in functional profile resulting from the evolution of the microbial community structure under the introduction of grasslands in crop rotations. Moreover, the specific analysis of the heterotrophic cultivable bacteria isolated from Biolog Ecoplates substrates of the two most contrasting agricultural soils, highlighted the dominance of Bacteroidetes and γ-Proteobacteria and seems to reflect the initial bacterial diversity of the two soils. In parallel with the previous multifactorial approach under natural conditions, soil microcosm experiments were carried out to investigate the response of microbial communities to drastic stress. The duration and severity of the applied stress aimed to modify the structure of soil microbial communities. These stresses have consisted in applying either a heat shock or a fungicide at 1000 times the recommended dose in the permanent grassland and the conventional crop soils. The results of soil microcosm experiments confirm that the drastic stress changes microbial community structure and enzymatic functions in soils. These results emphasize also that the stress response is dependent on the initial microbial community structure and the type of the applied stress. These results confirm the difficulty to assign a specific enzymatic activity to a specific microbial group due to functional redundancy of soil microbial communities. It also raises the importance of experimental conditions and data statistical analysis in the establishment of these relationships. This study showed the importance of biodiversity in particular its role in ecosystem resilience and also underlined the difficulties describing the microbial communities and their functions in soils under different agronomic constraints. The understanding of these relationships is particularly important as the application of this knowledge in agronomy is required
Guyot, Jean-Pierre. "Etude de quelques interactions microbiennes lors de la digestion anaérobie de la matière organique par des cultures mixtes définies ou naturelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11317.
Ben, Harb Salma. "Formuler des consortia microbiens pour piloter les propriétés sensorielles de gels à base de protéines de pois : Mieux comprendre l’effet de la matrice et des communautés microbiennes sur les propriétés sensorielles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA045.
Western food systems are not sustainable in terms of environmental impacts and health effects. One solution is to revisit consumption patterns by favoring products based on plant proteins. However, one of the barriers to the introduction plant proteins in our diet is their sensory defects which can be obstacles for the acceptability of products by consumers. Fermentation is an ancient process that could be a solution to this sensory issue. In this context, the aim of this PhD thesis is to study the sensory benefits provided by the fermentation of plant protein-based gels using selected microbial consortia. In order to accomplish this, a strategy combining sensory analyzes, microbiology and physicochemistry was implemented. Two types of matrices containing 10% protein and 10% rapeseed oil were studied: the first consists of 100% pea protein and the second consists of a mixture of milk proteins (50%) and pea proteins (50%).Based on knowledge of the matrix and the functional properties of microorganisms, 56 microbial strains were selected. A reasoned strategy of assembly of these strains was put in place, based on the balanced distribution according to their phylogenetic group, but also on the expert knowledge of the desired aromatic functions. In parallel, several gelling processes were studied to structure the gels. In the first step, the fermentation was studied on non-gelled emulsions to allow the selection of specific microbial communities for each matrix. In the second step, the adaptation and functioning potential of the selected ecosystems were studied on gelled emulsions. The growth and abundance of microorganisms in the gels after three and seven days of fermentation were evaluated on a specific growing medium and the aromatic potential of the consortia was mapped by a sensory panel. In the final section of this study, the sensory defects / benefits of fermentation were studied from a sensorial and analytical point of view. The results show a highpotential for implantation of lactic acid bacteria and the majority of eukaryotes (in particular Mucor and Geotrichum) for the mixed emulsion and for the vegetable emulsion. Although strains belonging to the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria groups are not competitive with endogenous flora (Bacillus), certain species such as Hafnia alvei, Acinetobacter johnsonii and Glutamicibacter arilaitensis, have shown strong growth when inoculated into associations. Specific aromatic notes for each emulsion were generated to mask the green note characteristic of peas. Thus, two consortia were selected on the basis of lactic and fruity notes for the vegetable emulsion (VEGAN), and fruity notes for the mixed emulsion (MEGAN). The adaptation potential of these two consortia depended on the composition and structure of the gel. Thus, the VEGAN consortium seems well suited for vegetable gels and generates roasted / grilled notes, while it generates dairy notes (fresh cream / fresh curd) in the mixed gels. The MEGAN consortium implements itself very well in both types of gels, generating cheesy and fruity notes in the mixed gel, but does not mask the green notes in the vegetable gels. The sensory defects attributed to green notes and bitterness are mainly related to the presence of aldehydes and hydrophobic amino acids respectively, but still need to be deepened. This study validated a proof of concept of formulation of fermented food products and will create opportunities for innovation
Книги з теми "Cultures microbiennes":
Atlas, Ronald M. Handbook of media for environmental microbiology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005.
Atlas, Ronald M. Handbook of media for environmental microbiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995.
Nonculturable Microorganisms in the Environment. ASM Press, 2000.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cultures microbiennes":
Golban, Rita. "Aspecte privind implicarea speciilor microbiene în fermentațiile din produsele lactate." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.53.