Дисертації з теми "Culture cellulaire en 3 dimensions"
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De, Conto Véronique. "Importance du microenvironnement dans les modèles cérébraux in vitro pour le criblage phénotypique." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS046.
Повний текст джерелаAbout 90% of drug candidates fail in clinical trials, for efficacy- and toxicity-related reasons, which often involve the Central Nervous System (CNS). This high failure rate highlights a lack of relevance in experimental models used upstream, including human in vitro models. Indeed, they do not take into account the complexity of the CNS, in which neurons are organized in 3 dimensions (3D) and interact with their microenvironment, composed of cells, soluble factors and extracellular matrix (ECM). The objectives of this PhD were i) to study the influence of these three microenvironment components on neuronal cells in cerebral in vitro models by automatized cellular imaging, and ii) to develop more relevant cerebral in vitro models for phenotypic screening, to assess neurotoxic or therapeutic effects, in the frame of Parkinson’s Disease (PD).First, the BIOMIMESYS® Brain technology has been developed. This acid hyaluronic based-matrix allows the simulation of the ECM and a 3D culture of cerebral cells in 96-well plates. The sensitivity of Luhmes cells, a dopaminergic neuronal cell line, to PD inducers has been studied: the cells displayed a lower sensitivity in BIOMIMESYS® Brain compared to cells cultured in 2 dimensions (2D). This difference was explained by two phenomena: a partial retention of toxic molecules in the matrix, and a lower neuronal maturity compared to cells cultured in 2D.The importance of the cellular microenvironment has been studied through a co-culture of Luhmes cells and primary human astrocytes in 2D. This co-culture has then been transposed in BIOMIMESYS® matrix, to form a complex model including both the glial and the matricial microenvironments.In parallel, the influence of the molecular microenvironment has been studied on the SH-SY5Y cells, a cell line derived from a neuroblastoma, commonly used for neurotoxicity assessment. In this study, the 24 major differentiation media described in the literature to differentiate these cells into neurons have been screened. The 3 most differentiating conditions in terms of proliferation slowdown and neurite elongation have been selected: retinoic acid, staurosporine, and cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) combined to B21 supplement. The neuronal protein marker expression and the cell sensitivity to compounds of known-toxicity have been measured, in 2D and in 3D in BIOMIMESYS® Brain. Both maturity and sensitivity of these neurons varied according to the differentiation medium, and were higher in B21+cAMP. The 3D cell culture modified also the cell response, with a lower sensitivity of cells cultured in 2D.This PhD highlighted that the microenvironment of neurons, including the ECM, the glial cells and the soluble factors, can modify the neuronal response in vitro, and should thus be considered carefully in academic research and as early as possible in the drug discovery industrial process
Desmaison, Annaïck. "Impact des contraintes mécaniques sur la division cellulaire : analyse dans modèle tumoral multicellulaire en 3 dimensions : le sphéroïde." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2367/.
Повний текст джерелаA tumor micro-region consists of a heterogeneous cancer cell population organized in a 3D structure in which cell growth is influenced by interaction with the microenvironment. Changes in mechanical homeostasis within tissues are observed during tumor growth, leading to high pressure and tension forces within the growing tumor. Those changes in mechanical properties of the microenvironment participate to tumor development by influencing, amongst others, proliferation and migration of tumor cells. One important aspect of the control of proliferation is the regulation of the cell cycle. Many studies have demonstrated that mitosis progression, the division process of cell cycle, is not only biochemically regulated, but also mechanically regulated. However, the impact of mechanical cues on mitotic progression has essentially been documented using 2D monolayer-based models and very little is known about the consequences of mechanical stress on cell division within tumors. In this context, my goal was to investigate the impact of mechanical stress on cell division in MultiCellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS), an in vitro model that mimics 3D cell organization and heterogeneity found in tumor microregions in vivo. We first induced mechanical stress on MCTS by restricting their growth in a confined environment. We demonstrated that mechanical stress impairs cell division. The study of the dynamics of mitosis progression within MCTS mechanically constrained in agarose, showed that mechanical stress induces a delay in prometaphase. This delay may be due to a transient defect in spindle assembly, and possibly implies actin filament dynamics. This defect in spindle assembly does not seem to induce a preferential orientation deviation of the division axis of cells within spheroids. Futhermore, we showed that in this mechanical stressed condition, drugs destabilizing the actomyosin cytoskeleton do not alter mitosis anymore, suggesting that signaling pathways could be activated and avoid aberrant mitosis progression. Altogether these results suggest that mechanical stress induced by progressive confinement of growing spheroid could slow down mitotic progression. However, a defect in mitosis progression could lead to chromosomes missegregation, responsible for increased genomic instability and cellular heterogeneity. This genetic heterogeneity characteristic of tumors is one of the major reasons for the limited efficiency of current therapeutic strategies. Mechanical stress might also induce the activation of specific pathways able to bypass the effect of certain drugs. This study paves the way for future research to a better understanding of the tumor cell response to mechanical cues similar to those encountered during in vivo tumor development. It could contribute to defining important characteristics of mechanical parameters of tumor on drug efficiency and open new perspectives in anti-tumor therapy
BOUHOUCHE, NAIMA. "Glucosylation de la 3-demethylthiocolchicine par une suspension cellulaire de centella asiatica : caracterisation et purification de la glycosyltransferase (doctorat : structure et fonctionnement des systemes biologiques integres)." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114819.
Повний текст джерелаCullen, Daniel Kacy. "Traumatically-Induced Degeneration and Reactive Astrogliosis in 3-D Neural Co-Cultures: Factors Influencing Neural Stem Cell Survival and Integration." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7584.
Повний текст джерелаMoura, Campos Doris. "Cultivo de células osteoprogenitoras em compósito 3-D hidroxiapatita-colágeno sob condições estática e dinâmica." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725990.
Повний текст джерелаEsfandiari, Ali-Asghar. "Regulation de la desiodase de type 3 dans les cultures d'astrocytes par l'acide retinoique et la 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine et mise en evidence de la sulfatation des produits de desiodation." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T016.
Повний текст джерелаArock, Michel. "Etudes sur la différenciation et la régulation des mastocytes." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P504.
Повний текст джерелаBellingard, Valérie. "Etude in vitro des relations paracrines entre le stroma de l'endomètre et les cytotrophoblastes : inhibition de la sécrétion endométriale de la prométalloprotéinase-3." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T011.
Повний текст джерелаDubois, Clémence. "Optimisation du traitement du cancer du sein Triple-Négatif : développement des modèles de culture cellulaire en trois dimensions, efficacité de l'Olaparib (anti-PARP1) en combinaison avec la radiothérapie et chimiorésistance instaurée par les protéines Multi Drug Résistance." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS018/document.
Повний текст джерелаBreast cancer is a very complex and heterogeneous disease. Among the different molecular subtypes, Triple-Negative (TN) breast cancers are particularly aggressive and of poor prognosis. TN tumours are characterized by a lack of estrogen receptors expression (ER), progesterone receptors expression (PR), the absence of Human Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression (HER2) of the frequent mutations on BRCA1 / 2 genes ("BRCAness" phenotype). In the absence of effective targeted therapies, many targeted therapies including poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (anti-PARPs) are currently under development in preclinical and clinical studies. Based on the synthetic lethality concept, the anti-PARPs specifically target the BRCAness properties of TN tumors. In this context, these works were focused on the development of diagnostic tools for the optimization of TN tumours treatment with anti-PARPs. For this, firstly, 3D cell cultures formed with the Liquid Overlay technique as well as associated cytotoxicity tests were developed, from the TN breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SUM1315. These two spheroid models were then optimized and standardized in a synthetic culture medium called OPTIPASS (BIOPASS). Secondly, the efficacy of a co-treatment combining anti-PARP1 Olaparib at low and high doses and fractioned radiotherapy (5x2 Gy) was analyzed on the two cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SUM1315 cultured in 2D and 3D conditions. These experiments clearly demonstrated a potentiating effect of Olaparib on radiotherapy (i) in presence of low doses of this anti-PARP (5 μM or inferior) (ii) at long term and (iii) in presence of the maximum fractionation (5x2 Gy). In addition, these two TN cell lines showed a heterogeneous sensitivity to the co-treatment. Thus, an in silico transcriptomic analysis revealed very different profiles of these highly metastatic and highly aggressive cell lines. Notably, the SUM1315 cell line presented a neuronal commitment, suggesting its cerebral metastatic origin. These promising results could open up new perspectives for the treatment of TN tumours brain metastases, which are very common in this subtype. Thirdly, in order to better characterize the mode of action of Olaparib on these spheroid models, a fluorescent derivative of Olaparib, Ola-FL, was synthesized and characterized. The analysis of Ola-FL penetration and distribution in MDA-MB-231 and SUM1315 spheroids showed a rapid and homogeneous distribution of the compound as well as its persistence after 3h of incubation, in all the depth of the spheroids and especially in the central hypoxic zones. Finally, the analysis of the co-expression of two major Multidrug Resistance (MDR) pumps, MRP7 and P-gp after the treatment of the two TN lines with Olaparib, revealed on 2D cultures, a relay type expression of the MRP7 and the P-gp. On spheroids treated with a low dose of Olaparib art long term (10 days), a basal expression of MRP7 and an overexpression of P-gp were detected in the peripheral residual cells of the spheroids. These results clearly highlighted the involvement of these efflux pumps in Olaparib resistance mechanisms, in these aggressive tumors. All the results resulting from the modeling of the action of Olaparib on MDA-MB-231 and SUM1315 spheroids suggest its greater efficacy at low dose and at long-term, especially in the hypoxic zones of the spheroids. This parameter might be probably at the origin of its potentiating effect with radiotherapy
Du, Cheyron Damien. "1. Régulation de l'échangeur Na/H isoforme 3 (NHE) en conditions physiologiques et physiopathologiques : rôle du cytosquelette d'actine - Effet de l'angiotensine II. 2. Identification de NHE3 comme biomarqueur urinaire de l'insuffisance rénale aigue." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066105.
Повний текст джерелаBouyer, Charlène. "Manipulations acoustiques de cellules pour l'ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10297/document.
Повний текст джерелаGenetic or physical cells manipulation aspires to be new challenges in tissue engineering. Current technologies to generate tissues, such as micro-scale hydrogels (microgel) assembly, scaffold seeding, molding or bio-printing suffer from the difficulty to control cells organization, multi-steps time consuming procedures and/or potentially cytotoxic side effects. In this PhD, we aimed at developing cell-friendly and rapid techniques, easily transferable to biological laboratories, for two broadly challenging applications: bone healing and neural tissue engineering, for which the above-mentioned techniques cannot yet provide widely reliable models. In case of a bone critical size defect, external help is often needed for bone healing, and gold-standard for care is bone autograft. Alternatively, the fracture healing process can be stimulated and restored by the implantation at the fracture site of hydrogels embedding growth factors. Both technologies suffer however from side effects such as donor site morbidity or cells over-proliferation in the hydrogel proximity. Moreover, the kinetic of growth factors release cannot be temporally controlled. In this work, we aim at developing an alternative method using ultrasound to spatially and temporally control growth factors release within a biocompatible material: fibrin hydrogels. Towards this goal, we encapsulated, in lipoplexes, plasmids that are under the control of a heat-shock promoter. We then transfected cells, stimulate the production of the targeted protein by heat shock and reported its expression. We also optimized an encapsulation protocol for cells within fibrin gels. This proof of concept demonstrates the feasibility of transfection by lipoplexes with a plasmid under control of heat shock, and pave the way for future developments of in situ transfection of autologous cells, for a tight temporal and spatial control of therapeutic proteins expression using ultrasound-induced hyperthermia
Birnbaum, Daniel. "Isolement et caracterisation d'oncogenes issus de tumeurs humaines." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077191.
Повний текст джерелаLOUIS, JEAN-CLAUDE. "Mise au point, caracterisation et applications de cultures pures de neurones du systeme nerveux central." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13050.
Повний текст джерелаFERRET, SENA VERONIQUE. "Regulation hormonale du metabolisme oligodendrocytaire des sulfatides : mode d'action de la triiodothyronine et de l'insuline." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13054.
Повний текст джерелаKAVERI, SRINIVAS-VENKATESH. "Etude immunologique des recepteurs beta-adrenergiques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077217.
Повний текст джерелаDroin-Josserand, Albane. "Etude expérimentale des mouvements de l'eau dans l'aubier de pin sylvestre dans le domaine hygroscopique : modélisation et simulation." Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET4009.
Повний текст джерелаMougel, Marylène. "Mecanisme de reconnaissance arn-proteine dans le risobome d'escherichia coli : etude des sites de fixation des proteines s8 et s15 sur l'arn 16s." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13198.
Повний текст джерелаPlantier, Jean-Luc. "La thrombine dans la physiopathologie vasculaire : une étude structure-fonction." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10179.
Повний текст джерелаBackes, Luciana. "A configuração do espaço de convivência digital virtual : A cultura emergente no processo de formação do educador." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20098/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this thesis research is the study of culture that emerges from virtual digital spaces during teacher educational processes. The considerations about that intend to understand how the co-living based on virtual digital nature is constituted, to identify aspects of this digital virtual nature of co-living that may contribute to build a “new culture” and to apprehend elements from the educational process and pedagogical practice that imply emergent culture from digital virtual spaces. The comprehension of this problematic is built on a theoretical basis, which includes: Biology of Knowledge, by Maturana and Varela; Biology of Love, by Maturana; Cultural-Biology, by Maturana and Yáñez. This basis is complemented by contemporary theorists who approach questions related to digital virtual technology, especially about digital virtual worlds in 3D (MDV3D), and teaching and learning processes in spaces of digital virtual nature.The data results from the development of educational processes, in spaces designed by digital technological hybridism, on a Brazil – France context, in order to establish a dialog among theories and living and co-living of students from these countries. The research is developed using a scientific method, proposed by Maturana and Varela, and the collected data from the interaction processes during teaching education. The data analysis is from a qualitative and quantitative nature, submitted to a content analysis. This analysis occurs in three moments. The first moment is based on qualitative analysis of data, by the identification of the units of the analysis. In the sequence, on a second moment, the data that were analyzed qualitatively are submitted to CHIC software to do an implicative statistical analysis and, at the end, it is done a qualitative analysis again, designing the third moment of the data analysis process. This complex data analysis makes possible to identify, in interactional processes, structural couplings that are from three orders: structural coupling, structural technological coupling and structural coupling of digital virtual nature. It is also possible to identify dialectical characteristics between the design of co-living digital virtual space (through autonomy, authorship and congruence TDV) and co-living form virtual digital nature (by feeling emotions throughout perturbation and recursion), to build an emergent culture (with mutual respect, legitimacy of the other self and elements from culture in education) from the students during educational process.Considering the dialectical aspect on an emergent culture building, it is possible to conclude that the educational process needs to be done using pedagogical practices that takes into perspective the proposition of problems and contextualization of knowledge using dialogical relationships, where everybody is co-teacher and co-learner
O objeto de investigação desta tese consiste no estudo da cultura que emerge nos espaços digitais virtuais em processos de formação do educador. As reflexões abordadas intencionam compreender como se constitui a convivência de natureza digital virtual, identificar os aspectos dessa convivência de natureza digital virtual que podem contribuir para construir uma “nova cultura” e apreender os elementos do processo formativo e da prática pedagógica que implicam na cultura emergente nos espaços digitais virtuais.A compreensão dessa problemática é construída a partir de uma fundamentação teórica que inclui: a Biologia do Conhecer, de Maturana e Varela; a Biologia do Amor, de Maturana; e a Biologia-Cultural, de Maturana e Yáñez. Esta fundamentação é complementada por teóricos contemporâneos que abordam questões referentes à tecnologia digital virtual, sobretudo a de mundos digitais virtuais em 3D (MDV3D), e processos de ensinar e aprender em espaços de natureza digital virtual. A empiria resulta do desenvolvimento de processos formativos, em espaços configurados pelo hibridismo tecnológico digital, no contexto Brasil e França, a fim de estabelecer o diálogo entre as teorias e o viver e conviver de estudantes desses dois países.A pesquisa se desenvolve por meio do método científico, proposto por Maturana e Varela, e a partir dos dados coletados nos processos de interação durante a formação dos educadores. A análise desses dados é de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, submetida a uma análise de conteúdo. Esta análise ocorre em três momentos. O primeiro momento configura-se na análise qualitativa dos dados, por meio da identificação das unidades de análise. Na sequência, num segundo momento, os dados analisados qualitativamente são submetidos ao software CHIC para a análise estatística implicativa e, por fim, realiza-se novamente uma análise qualitativa, configurando o terceiro momento do processo de análise de dados.Esta análise complexa dos dados possibilita identificar, nos processos de interação, acoplamentos estruturais de três ordens: acoplamento estrutural, acoplamento estrutural tecnológico e acoplamento estrutural de natureza digital virtual. Também é possível identificar a dialeticidade entre a configuração do espaço digital virtual de convivência (por meio da autonomia, autoria e congruência TDV) e a convivência de natureza digital virtual (no emocionar, por meio da perturbação e recursão), para a construção da cultura emergente (no respeito mútuo, legitimidade do outro e com elementos da cultura na educação) dos estudantes em processo formativo. Considerando-se o aspecto dialético na construção da cultura emergente, concluímos que o processo formativo precisa se efetivar em práticas pedagógicas que contemplem a problematização e contextualização dos conhecimentos por meio de relações dialógicas, onde todos são co-ensinantes e co-aprendentes. Nesse processo formativo, os seres humanos, e-habitantes, são conscientes de suas ações e autores de suas escolhas
Bolon, Caranhac Isabelle. "Expression des protéases matricielles et du facteur de transcription c-ets-1 au cours de la progression des cancers bronchiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10101.
Повний текст джерелаPuscas, Ina. "Développement d’un modèle in vitro de la barrière hémato-encéphalique." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24000.
Повний текст джерелаThe blood-brain barrier (BBB), a central nervous system structure, is found in the cerebral capillaries. It represents a major obstacle for the drugs that have to reach the brain in order to exercise their pharmacological effect. In the early stages of the drug development, in vitro cell models are used to evaluate the brain permeability of new drugs. Models assembled using primary endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from mouse brain capillaries are of particular interest for research, as for their ease of obtaining and relevance for the drug screening. Thus, the goal of this project was to build and characterize a primary mouse monolayer model. At the same time, a murine b.End3 cell line monolayer model was investigated. The evaluation of these models was based on the TEER and fluorescent marker permeability values, as well as on the presence of the BBB hallmark proteins. The model validation was established by the correlation of the permeability data obtained with the in vitro model and the data obtained in mice (in vivo). As a result, the primary mouse model showed superior monolayer integrity and higher expression of the tight junction and membrane transporter proteins when compared with the bEnd.3 cell line model. The in vitro/in vivo correlation of the primary model resulted in r2 = 0.765 compared to the bEnd.3 model with r2 = 0.019. This research work shows that the primary monolayer mouse model is a simple and reliable model for predicting the drug permeability across the BBB.